DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

FUNDAMENTALS OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES

LABORATORY (212AER2311)
LAB MANUAL

Academic Year (20 -20 )

Name of the Student :

Registration Number

Batch Number :

Branch / Year / Semester / Section : B.Tech-Aeronautical Engineering / / /

Course Code / Name : /

Regulation : R–20
Vision:
To be a Centre of Excellence in Education and Research in Aeronautical Engineering to meet the global
requirement of Industry and Society.

Mission:
 To impart Quality Education and Research in Aeronautical Engineering through excellence in
teaching-learning process and state of the art to the Students
 To inculcate students with ethical values and innovative ideas for future leadership in industry and
to face Societal Challenges.

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

DIVERSIFIED KNOWLEDGE:
Graduates will apply fundamental technical knowledge
PEO 1 and skills to find workable solutions to technological
challenges and problems in diversified areas such as
Aerodynamics, Propulsion, Structures, control systems,
Design, and allied fields of Aeronautical Engineering.

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES & SKILLS:

Graduates will have effective communication skills and
PEO 2 recognize the social impacts of problem solving, decision-
making, and creative skills by understanding
contemporary issues.

PROFESSIONAL ATTITUDE:
Graduates will gain a professional and ethical attitude
PEO 3 towards their peers, employers, and society and prove as
responsible leaders in government and private
establishments.

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
Graduates will become entrepreneurs to confront business
PEO 4 challenges or will continue their professional
advancement through their knowledge horizon and
inculcate lifelong learning.
PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs):
PO1 - Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an
engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
PO2 - Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching
substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3 - Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design
system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and
safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
PO4 - Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods including
design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid
conclusions.
PO5 - Modern Tool Usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and
IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6 - The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health,
safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7 - Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in societal
and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of need for sustainable development.
PO8 - Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the
engineering practice.
PO9 - Individual and Team Work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams,
and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10 - Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering
community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive Clear instructions.
PO11 - Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multi-disciplinary environments.
PO12 - Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and
life- long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOS):

PSO1- An ability to utilize the gained knowledge of Aeronautical engineering in design and development of new
products for challenging environment.
PSO2 - An ability to design analysis and solve the problems in components of flight vehicles by simulation skills.
PSO3- ability fabricates, test and develop the products through in-house and industry practices.
 Laboratory Instructions

DO’s
 Be familiar with your lab assignment before you come to lab. Follow all written and verbal
instructions carefully. Observe the safety alerts in the laboratory directions. If you do not understand
a direction or part of a procedure, ask the teacher before proceeding.
 Always perform the experiment or work precisely as directed by teacher/instructor.
 Don’t forget to bring calculator, graph sheet and other accessories when you come to lab.
 Before performing experiment read the lab manual carefully.
 Students must stay away from the yellow strip marked around the machines/apparatus while
the machine is running. Ensure the safety measures carefully.
 Leave the lab cleaner than you found it.

DON’Ts

 In the absence of instructor, no student shall be allowed to work in the laboratory.

 The use of personal audio or video equipment is prohibited in the laboratory.
 The performance of unauthorized experiments is strictly forbidden.
 Do not play with wires, valves, screws and nuts of any apparatus.
 Make sure that all equipment is clean and returned to its original place.
 Don’t use mobile phones during lab hours.
 OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this lab is to teach students, the importance of aircraft structures basics
through involvement in experiments. This lab helps to have knowledge of the world due to constant
interplay between observations and hypothesis, experiment and theory in fundamentals of aircraft
structures. Students will gain knowledge in various areas of physics so as to have real time applications
in all basics of aircraft structures.

COURSE OUTCOMES (CO’s):

After completing this course the student must demonstrate the knowledge and ability to:

 Understand the world around us.

 Understand the concept of error and its analysis.
 Develop experimental skills
 Design new experiments in Basics of Aircraft Structures.
 Compare the theory and correlate with aerospace structural experiment.
 Identify the appropriate application of particular experiment.
 Analyze the experimental result.
 Understand the applications of physics experiments in day to day life.
 Examine ideas about the real world.

Assessment weightage:
 Continuous Assessment (Max. weightage) = 15 (out of 50)
 End Semester Assessment (Max. weightage) = 15 (out of 50)

Criteria and allocated marks for the laboratory work (Continuous & End Semester Practical):

Criteria Rubrics Allotted Marks

Aim and Experimental procedure Pre-Lab work 20

Observation and Tabulation 30

On- Lab
Result and 30
Experiment
Conclusions, & Inferences conduction 10

Viva Voce 10

Total 100
 EVALUATION PROCEDURE FOR CONTINIOUS AND EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT
Rubric for Pre- Lab work (Internal) – 20 MARKS
Exceed expectation Meets Does not meet
Performance Below expectation
(4-5) expectation expectation (0)
(1)
(2-
3)
Understanding the Able to explain all
Only very basic No grasp of
fundamental the fundamental Able to explain
concepts are required Subject
concepts concepts with the the concepts.
explained matter.
illustrations
Thorough Thorough Some explanation No explanation on
explanation of aim, explanation aim on aim, procedure aim, procedure and
procedure and detail of procedure and very general depiction of setup in
Aim and adequate depiction and detail detail. No own words.
Experimental of experimental Inadequate depiction of setup
Procedures setup in own words. depiction of in own words.
setup in own
words.
Effectively Being able to Remembers the Does not know the
Formulas Applying understand and understand the equations and fundamentals and
for the experiment accuracy calculation understand the calculation
calculations. procedure. concepts. procedures.
Presentation is Presentation is Presentation is fairly Presentation has
Technical language exceptionally well well Organized well organized limited organization.
organized
Active engages and Cooperate with Cooperate with Distracts or
cooperate with group members group members in discourage other
Team work group members in in a reasonable a fair level. group members from
an effective manner. manner. conducting the
experiments

Rubric for On- Lab and Experiment conduction (Internal) – 70 MARKS

Exceed expectation Meets Does not meet
Performance Below expectation
(4-5) expectation expectation (0)
(2- (1)
3)
Operates equipment Operates Need guidance to Does not know how
in correct & careful equipment in select instruments to operate the
manner. Selects correct & and set measuring equipment and has no
Equipment right instrument careful fashion range. Not able to knowledge of
/instrument optimum range / with guidance. understand measurement of
operation setting for Understand the calculation part. optimum range /
operation optimum range Setting for operation.
/
setting for
 operation

Collects data in a Collects data in Collects data in a Collects data in a

neat, logical order a neat, logical neat, logical order sloppy, illogical order
with correct units order with confusing in units & incomplete. Does
and number of correct units and significant not know the concept
Data collection significant digits. and number of digits. of correct units and
significant digits number of significant
with minor digits.
errors.
Able to correctly Able to analyze Able to explain Makes numerous
analyze data and and interpret data collection mistakes in data
compare results data, with minor procedure and collection, units and
with theory or errors, results some information recording.
Data Analysis empirical are somewhat on calculations and
correlations, compared with accuracy and error.
accurately and theory or
draw conclusions. empirical
correlations
Executes Executes Exhibits basics of Does not know basics
calculation calculation with calculations and of calculation and
correctly and errors needs usage of usage of
independently. guidance poor mathematical tools. mathematical tools.
Solution, Understand the in understanding
Calculation & logical conclusions the logical
Accuracy and interpret the conclusions.
results correctly. Knowledge of
Uses mathematical mathematical
tools effectively tools
satisfactorily.
Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion is not up
describes the describes the describes the to the mark.
experiment(s) and experiment(s) experiment(s) and
variables, compares and variables, Variables and not
with theoretical compares with compared with
Conclusion results, discusses theoretical theoretical results.
lab error, and results,
offers suggestions discusses lab
for improvement. error and not
offering any
suggestion
 work is done in Most of the A little of the Work is not completed
Time the allotted time work work is not done in allotted time.
consciousness is done in the in the allotted
allotted time time.
Always Referencing use Referencing use of Interact with co
documents source of others' work. others' work student frequently
of others' work
Originality of the and make an
work effort to
determine if use
is Appropriate.
Lab reports well Lab reports Poor presentation Lab reports poorly
Documentation organized, neat reasonably well but contents are as organized
(Content - according to organized per the
Technical) guidelines according to requirements.
guidelines.

Rubric for End Semester Practical – 100 MARKS

Exceed expectation Meets Does not meet
Performance Below expectation
(4-5) expectation expectation (0)
(1)
(2-
3)
Thorough Thorough Finding difficulty Poor knowledge in
knowledge on knowledge on to say Aim and Aim and procedure
Aim and Aim and Aim and Procedure of the of the experiment
Procedure of the Procedure of the Procedure of Experiment.
Experiment Experiment. the Knowledge of the
Knowledge on Experiment. application not
application of the Knowledge of known.
experiment the application
not known.
Tabulation, 90-100% 75% - 90% 40-75% <40% completed or
Calculation, Completed completed Completed not done
Results and
conclusion
work is done in Most of the
the allotted time work is done in A little of the Work is not completed
Time conscious & and report well the allotted time work is not done in allotted time and
presentation of organized, neat and report not in the allotted time Lab reports poorly
the work according to organized, neat and the report is organized
guidelines according to also not good
guidelines
Answered 60 -
Answered 80 - Answered 40 - Answered less than
80% of
100% of question 60% of question 40% of question
Oral examination question asked
asked by examiner asked by examiner asked by examiner
by
 List of Experiments

Ex.
Experiment Title & Objective
No.
Study of Forces in a Plane Truss - To calculate the forces in the members of a simple truss using the
I
method of joints.
Deflection of Cantilever Beam with Point Load at Free End - To measure the deflection of a
II
cantilever beam when a point load is applied at the free end and compare it with theoretical values.
Deflection of Cantilever Beam with Point Load at Intermediate Position - To investigate the
III deflection of a cantilever beam when a point load is applied at a known distance from the fixed end and
validate using theory.
Deflection of Simply Supported Beam with Central Point Load - To determine the maximum
IV deflection at the midpoint of a simply supported beam under a central point load and compare with
theoretical results.
Deflection of Simply Supported Beam with Asymmetrical Point Load - To evaluate the deflection
V profile of a simply supported beam subjected to a point load placed at an off-center position and verify
the results analytically.
Buckling Load of Long Column with Both Ends Hinged - To determine the critical buckling load of
VI
a slender column with both ends pinned and compare it with Euler's theoretical prediction.
Effect of End Conditions on Buckling Load of Long Columns - To analyze how different end
VII conditions (e.g., fixed-free, fixed-fixed) influence the buckling behavior and critical load of long
columns.
Combined Bending and Torsion in Circular Shaft - To experimentally analyze the deformation and
VIII
stress developed in a circular shaft subjected to simultaneous bending and torsional loads.
Failure Analysis under Combined Bending and Torsion - To investigate material failure under
IX combined bending and torsion and validate failure theories such as the Maximum Shear Stress Theory
or Von Mises criterion.
Design and Fabrication of a Constant Strength Beam - To design and fabricate a beam with variable
X
cross-section to maintain constant strength along its length under bending loads.
Experimental Validation of Stress Distribution in a Constant Strength Beam - To evaluate the
XI stress distribution and deformation behavior of a constant strength beam subjected to a point load and
compare with theoretical predictions.
Study of Stresses in Bolted and Welded Joints - To study how bolted and welded joints behave under
XII
axial and shear loads using basic stress formulas.
Experiment-to-Unit Mapping with COs and Contact Hours:

Ex. Mapped Contact

Experiment Name Mapped Unit
No. CO(s) Hours
Unit 1 – Analysis of
I Study of Forces in a Plane Truss CO1 2 hrs
Trusses and Beams
Deflection of Cantilever Beam with Point Load at Unit 2 – Energy Methods
II CO2 2 hrs
Free End of Analysis
Deflection of Cantilever Beam with Point Load at Unit 2 – Energy Methods
III CO2 2 hrs
Intermediate Position of Analysis
Deflection of Simply Supported Beam with Central Unit 2 – Energy Methods
IV CO2 2 hrs
Point Load of Analysis
Deflection of Simply Supported Beam with Unit 2 – Energy Methods
V CO2 2 hrs
Asymmetrical Point Load of Analysis
Buckling Load of Long Column with Both Ends Unit 3 – Buckling of
VI CO3 2 hrs
Hinged Columns
Effect of End Conditions on Buckling Load of Unit 3 – Buckling of
VII CO3 2 hrs
Long Columns Columns
VIII Combined Bending and Torsion in Circular Shaft Unit 4 – Failure Analysis CO4 2 hrs
Failure Analysis under Combined Bending and
IX Unit 4 – Failure Analysis CO4 2 hrs
Torsion
Design and Fabrication of a Constant Strength
X Unit 4 – Failure Analysis CO4 2 hrs
Beam
Experimental Validation of Stress Distribution in a
XI Unit 4 – Failure Analysis CO4 2 hrs
Constant Strength Beam
XII Study of Stresses in Bolted and Welded Joints Unit 5 – Design of Joints CO5 2 hrs

Summary of Course Outcome Coverage:

Mapped
CO Course Outcome Description
Experiments
Study equilibrium, compatibility, and material behavior to determine internal forces and
CO1 I
deformations.
Perform simplified analyses and apply energy methods to evaluate stress and deformation
CO2 II, III, IV, V
in complex structures.
CO3 Calculate critical buckling load using Euler’s formula with various boundary conditions. VI, VII
Apply failure theories to aircraft structures and analyze failure under different loading
CO4 VIII, IX, X, XI
conditions.
CO5 Design and analyze various joints for specific loading conditions. XII