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Lec 3

Endogenous sources of carbohydrates arise from physiological amino acid metabolism and microbiome activity, with glycogen being the primary storage form in the body. Carbohydrates are categorized into simple, starchy, fibrous, and complex types, with healthy sources including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while unhealthy sources include processed foods. Digestion occurs primarily in the small intestine, where carbohydrates are broken down and absorbed into the bloodstream.

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9 views4 pages

Lec 3

Endogenous sources of carbohydrates arise from physiological amino acid metabolism and microbiome activity, with glycogen being the primary storage form in the body. Carbohydrates are categorized into simple, starchy, fibrous, and complex types, with healthy sources including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while unhealthy sources include processed foods. Digestion occurs primarily in the small intestine, where carbohydrates are broken down and absorbed into the bloodstream.

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amazing.two20
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What are endogenous sources?

Endogenous sources arise from physiological amino acid metabolism and from other metabolic
processes as well as from metabolism by the intestinal and salivary microbiomes.
Glycogen present in liver and skeletal muscle represents the major storage form of carbohydrate.
Most of the glycogen metabolized during exercise is derived from intramuscular stores.

The Nutrition Sources of Carbohydrates


There are both healthy and unhealthy sources of carbohydrates. Healthy sources of
carbohydrates include both food sources-animal and plant products, such as fresh
fruits, vegetables, corn, potatoes, milk and milk products. Unhealthy sources include
soda, white bread, artificial sugar, pastries, and other highly processed foods.
Carbohydrates can be found in different forms, such as sugars, starch, and fibres. Here
is a list of carbohydrates from different sources and different forms.

Types of Carbohydrates
There are two types of carbohydrates:

 Simple carbohydrates.
 Starchy Carbohydrates.
 Fibrous Carbohydrates.
 Complex carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates cannot be produced by the human body. So, they should be taken
through diet.

Simple Carbohydrates
Fresh fruits like apples, oranges, banana, pineapple, sweet potatoes, berries are rich
sources of healthy simple carbohydrates. Foods that have artificial sugars and highly
processed foods are unhealthy sources of it. Milk is also a rich source of simple
carbohydrates.

Starchy Carbohydrates
Grains are rich sources of carbohydrates. Grains include whole grains, grain bread, etc.
Some foods that are rich in carbohydrates are beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and
some nuts. Cereals are also a rich source of carbohydrates.

Fibrous Carbohydrates
Fibrous carbohydrates can be found in fresh vegetables like pumpkin, carrot, tomatoes,
beans, broccoli, cucumbers, squash, etc.

Complex Carbohydrates
Complex carbohydrates are found in beans, peas, whole grains, barley, oats, wild rice,
brown rice, etc.
Complex carbohydrates are good carbohydrates as they contain starch and fibre. Also,
these carbohydrates do not spike sugar levels in the blood thereby helping in minimal
sugar level in blood.
Digestion of carbohydrates
What is glycogen vs starch?

Starch is a storage form of energy in plants. It contains two polymers composed of glucose units:
amylose (linear) and amylopectin (branched). Glycogen is a storage form of energy in animals. It
is a branched polymer composed of glucose units

What are the steps of carbohydrate digestion and absorption?


Carbohydrates are not chemically broken down in the stomach, but rather in the small intestine.
Pancreatic amylase and the disaccharidases finish the chemical breakdown of digestible
carbohydrates. The monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream and delivered to the
liver.

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