CODE SWITCHING
An Introduction to Code Switching
Code Switching is one of the phenomenon of language which occurs in
societies to make communication more meaningful and effective.
The term “code switching” is first used by Uriel Weinreich (1953) in the first
article “Language Contacts” by Hans Vogt.
Code Switching is when two or more language are in use in a single
conversation side by side and express an authentic form from both of the
basic language
Oxford Dictionary – “The practice of alternating between two or more
languages or variety of language in a single conversation”
When it occurs?
In Linguistics, code switching occurs when speakers alternates between two
or more languages or language varieties, in the context of a single
conversation.
Examples of Code Switching
The Bilingual Leaflet of Hong Kong Bank which were distributed in Filipino
workers in 1994. They used Tagalog and English together to express their
viewpoint.
“The weather is good, it’s so sunny, ang sarap maglakad lakad”
Why Switch or Why it occurs?
To hide fluency or memory problems in the second language.
To mark switching from informal situations to formal situations.
To change a topic and tress that by using an appropriate word.
To exert control, especially between parents and children.
Influence of Western culture.
To express someone’s emotion.
Nicknames for Code Switching
Franglais (French + English)
Tex-Mex (Spanish + English)
Chinglish (Chinese + English)
Japlish (Japanese + English)
Singlish (English Creole)
Spanglish (Spanish + English)
Denglish (German + English)
Banglish (Bengali + English)
Taglish (Tagalog + English)
General attributes towards code switching
In the past, code switching had a negative effect but at present the practice of
code switching is increasing.
Types of Code Switching
Intra-word switching – A change occurs between a words. For example,
“Nagse-sweat ako” which means “I was sweating”
Inter-sentenial switching – When change take place at the end of a clauses
or sentences and two different sentences will be in two different language but
topic will be the same. For example, “Umatake na si bes, desperate moves?”
(“My friend has attacked, desperate moves?”)
Intra-sentenial switching – A change occurs within a clause or sentence. For
example, “work hard na naman si Papa Shark!” which means “Papa Shark will
work again!”
Tag switching – it occurs at end of the sentence with question. For example,
“as simple as that po” (As simple as that”
Prepared by:
Aires Sionicio
Justine Maristela
Allen Orendain
Kim Andri Banco