1
1 The diagram shows children about to run a race. They have to run 25 m, pick up a small plastic
ring and run back to the base line. Each child finishes when they cross the base line holding the
plastic ring.
hooter
base line
25m
plastic rings
(a) Suggest what equipment the teacher uses to measure the length of 25 m.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Determine the total distance for the race.
distance = .............................................. m [1]
[Total: 2]
2 Some students collect some drops of water from a leaking tap.
The students measure the volume of the water they collect.
State the term for the equipment that is suitable for measuring the volume accurately.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
3 A device for measuring gas pressure is connected to a gas supply as shown in the diagram.
2
300
250
242
connection to
gas supply
200
h
150
100
82
50
mercury
mm scale
0
(a) Determine the difference h between the mercury levels shown in the diagram.
h = .......................................... mm [2]
(b) The atmospheric pressure is 760 mm of mercury.
Determine the pressure of the gas supply.
pressure of gas supply = ........................ mm of mercury [1]
[Total: 3]
3
4 A student is measuring the time period (the time for one complete oscillation) of a pendulum.
The student uses a stopwatch to measure the time taken for 50 periods of a pendulum.
The diagram shows the time taken on the stopwatch.
Calculate the time for one period of the pendulum. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
time for one period = .............................................. s [3]
[Total: 3]
5 The diagram shows the top view of a rectangular paddling pool of constant depth. The pool is filled
with sea water.
4
(a) The
3
volume of the sea water in the pool is 264 m
.
3
.
Calculate the depth of the pool.
depth = .............................................. [3]
(b) The
5
mass of the sea water in the pool is 2.70 × 10
kg.
5
kg.
Calculate the density of the sea water. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
density = .............................................. [2]
(c) Calculate the pressure due to the sea water at the bottom of the pool.
pressure = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
6 A liquid-in-glass thermometer has a scale with marks from −10 °C to 110
°C.
A student checks the accuracy of the thermometer.
Describe how to check the accuracy of the 0°C mark on the thermometer scale.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
7 The diagram shows students walking to school. There are puddles of water on the ground.
5
puddles
After school, the puddles have disappeared and the ground is dry.
(a) State the name of the process that causes the puddles to disappear.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Describe the process that causes the puddles to disappear.
Use your ideas about molecules.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 4]
8 Some surfaces are better at emitting radiation than others.
6
(a) Describe an experiment to show whether a black surface or a white surface is the better
emitter
of radiation. You may draw a diagram.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) To ensure that the conclusion reached in the experiment in (a) is correct, several details of
the experiment must be identical when testing the two different surfaces.
State two quantities in the experiment that you described that must be identical during the
test.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 5]
7
9 The diagram shows a metal pan containing water being heated by an electrical heater.
Complete the sentence to describe how thermal energy is transferred.
Thermal energy is transferred throughout the water by .............................................. . [1]
[Total: 1]
10 A teacher fills a copper can with solid wax and heats the can. She measures the temperature of
the wax every minute. She continues heating once the wax has melted and stops heating when
the wax is boiling.
State the term used for the process that transfers thermal energy through the copper.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
8
11 A teacher fills a copper can with solid wax and heats the can. She measures the temperature of
the wax every minute. She continues heating once the wax has melted and stops heating when
the wax is boiling.
The graph shows how the temperature of the wax changes as it is heated.
200
temperature
of wax / °C
100
0
0 10 20 30 40
time / min
Using the graph, determine:
1. the melting point of the wax ...................................................... °C
2. the boiling point of the wax ...................................................... °C
3. the time at which the wax starts to boil. .................................................... min
[3]
[Total: 3]
9
12 The diagram shows a gas contained in a cylinder enclosed by a piston.
The piston is pushed into the cylinder. The volume decreases from 820 cm
3
to 330 cm3. The pressure
gauge measures the pressure after compression as 20 000 Pa. The temperature remains
constant.
Calculate the value of the pressure before the gas was compressed.
pressure = .............................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
10
13 The diagram shows apparatus used to determine the power output of a heater.
The metal block has a mass of 2.7 kg. The metal of the block has a specific heat capacity of
900 J / (kg °C).
In 2 min 30 s, the temperature of the block increases from 21 °C to 39 °C.
Calculate the power of the heater.
power = .............................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
14 A 240 V, 60W lamp is connected to a 240 V supply. The lamp has a constant temperature.
(a) State the rate at which the lamp transfers energy to the surroundings.
rate = ........................................................... [1]
(b) State the names of the thermal processes by which the lamp transfers energy to the
surroundings.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
11
15 In the diagram, the small circles represent molecules. The arrows refer to the change of state from
the arrangement of molecules on the left to the arrangement of molecules on the right.
Complete the following by writing solid, liquid or gas in each of the blank spaces.
1. Change of state X is from ............................................ to ............................................ .
2. Change of state Y is from ............................................ to ............................................ .
[2]
[Total: 2]
16 Crystalline rocks are solids made of atoms.
A sculptor makes a statue from a block of crystalline rock using a cutting tool.
Explain why he must apply a large force to the tool to remove a small piece of rock.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
17 The graph shows how the air pressure in the atmosphere changes with the height above ground
level.
12
(a) Using the graph, determine the pressure at ground level. Give the unit.
pressure = ............................................. unit = ............................. [2]
(b) Using the graph, determine the height at which the volume of the helium in a balloon is twice
the volume at ground level.
height = ................................................ [2]
[Total: 4]
13
18 The figure shows a perfume bottle.
plast ic
st
opper
air and
vapour
perfume
perfume
bottle
When the perfume bottle is left by a window on a hot day, the stopper pops out of the bottle.
Suggest why the stopper pops out of the bottle.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 3]
19 The diagram shows a model car travelling at constant speed on a flat circular track.
The speed of the car is 0.30 m / s. In one complete revolution around the track, the car travels 3.9 m.
14
(a) Calculate the time taken for the car to complete one revolution around the track.
time = .............................................. [2]
(b) On the diagram, draw and label with the letter F an arrow to show the resultant force acting
on the car. [1]
[Total: 3]
20 In an experiment a student determines the speed of a falling weight at different times. The graph
is a speed–time graph for his results.
Calculate the distance fallen by the weight in the first 1.5 s.
distance = ..............................................m [3]
[Total: 3]
15
21 Two blocks, A and B, are joined by a thin thread that passes over a frictionless pulley. Block A is
at rest on a rough horizontal surface and block B is held at rest, just below the pulley.
The diagram shows the thread hanging loose.
pulley
block A thread
block B
rough horizontal surface
(not to scale)
Block B is released and it falls vertically. The thread remains loose until block B has fallen a distance
of 0.45 m.
The mass of block B is 0.50 kg.
The mass of block A is 2.0 kg.
When the thread tightens, it pulls on block A which moves to the right at a speed of 0.60 m / s.
Calculate the impulse exerted on block A as it accelerates from rest to 0.60 m / s.
impulse = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 3]
22 Water is held behind a dam in a hydroelectric power scheme.
State the main form of energy stored in the water behind the dam.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
23 Water is held behind a dam in a hydroelectric power scheme.
The water is released from the dam and falls a vertical height of 410 m at a rate of 480 kg / s.
16
(a) Calculate the rate at which energy is transferred by the falling water.
rate of energy transfer = .............................................. [3]
(b) The power scheme supplies a current of 270 A at a voltage of 6000 V.
Calculate the efficiency of the power scheme.
efficiency = ..............................................% [3]
[Total: 6]
24 The diagram shows a boat stored in a shed. The boat is suspended from the ceiling of the shed
by two ropes.
ceiling
60° 60°
ropes
T T
boat
The tension T in each of the ropes is 75 N.
17
(a) Draw a vector diagram to determine the resultant of the forces exerted by the two ropes on
the boat. State the scale you used.
scale = ..............................................
magnitude of resultant force = ..............................................
direction of resultant force = .............................................. [4]
(b) Determine the mass of the boat.
mass = .............................................. [1]
[Total: 5]
25 All the sides of a plastic cube are 8.0 cm long. The diagram shows the cube, (not to scale).
18
The mass of the cube is 0.44 kg.
(a) Explain what is meant by mass.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) Calculate the density of the plastic from which the cube is made.
density = ............................................................. [2]
3
(ii) The density of one type of oil is 850kg/ m3 .
.
State and explain whether the cube floats or sinks when placed in a container of this
oil.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) On the Moon, the weight of the cube is 0.70 N.
(i) Calculate the gravitational field strength on the Moon.
gravitational field strength = ................................................... [2]
19
(ii) In a laboratory on the Moon, the plastic cube is held stationary, using a clamp, in a
3
beaker of the oil of density 850kg/ m .
3
.
The arrangement is shown in the diagram.
The lower face of the cube is 3.0 cm below the surface of the oil.
Use your answer to (c)(i) to calculate the pressure due to the oil on the lower face of
the cube.
pressure = .......................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
