Quiz 1: Introduction to Leadership

Question 1
Northouse suggests that effective leadership does not necessarily require
interpersonal influence, as long as leaders can communicate their ideas.
True
False

Question 2
Which of the following best defines leadership as described in Chapter 1 by Daft
(2022) textbook?
The ability to influence people to achieve organizational goals.
The authority to make decisions for a team or organization.
The act of controlling employee actions.
The process of establishing policies and procedures.

Question 3
According to Daft, what is one of the main differences between leadership and
management?
Leadership is about establishing procedures, whereas management is about
inspiring.
Leadership is about setting direction, whereas management is about organizing
and staffing.
Management focuses on relationships, while leadership focuses on tasks.
Leadership and management are identical in practice.

Question 4
Which of the following is NOT identified by Daft as a key characteristic of a
leader?
Innovation
Stability
Influence
Vision

Question 5
leadership in modern organizations is increasingly characterized by:
Command and control
Flexibility and adaptability
Hierarchical structure
Rigid processes

Question 6
Northouse believes that leadership should be seen as a transactional process
rather than a transformational one.
True
False

Question 7
What term does Daft use to describe leaders who emphasize collaboration,
learning, and adaptation?
Transactional leaders
Transformational leaders
Autocratic leaders
Servant leaders

Question 8
Which of the following is true about the Great Man Theory of leadership?
It asserts that leaders are made, not born.
It emphasizes leadership as a collective effort.
It suggests that leaders possess inherent traits that make them effective.
It advocates for leadership training and development programs.

Question 9
According to the Trait Theory of leadership, which of these traits is commonly
associated with effective leaders?
Passive attitude
Dominance
Inflexibility
Introversion

Question 10
In Chapter 1, Daft discusses which of the following as a major challenge for
leaders today?
Improving technological proficiency
Navigating change and uncertainty
Increasing employee salaries
Ensuring compliance with regulations

Question 11
According to Northouse, the concept of leadership can be fully understood by
analyzing only the leader's traits.
True
False

Question 12
The concept of leadership as influence implies that:
Leaders must have formal authority to be effective.
Leadership involves coercing people into compliance
Leaders can motivate and inspire others without formal authority.
Influence is the same as manipulation

Question 13
Daft argues that effective leaders must demonstrate:
High levels of technical skill
An authoritarian approach to leadership
Ethical responsibility and integrity
A focus solely on financial outcomes

Question 14
What does Daft suggest as a way for leaders to build trust with their followers?
By closely supervising all tasks
By consistently demonstrating reliability and integrity
By maintaining emotional distance
By keeping decision-making processes secret

Question 15
According to Daft, an effective leader in today’s complex environment must
possess which quality?
A high level of authoritarian control
The ability to create a shared vision
A focus on rigid organizational structures
A reliance on traditional management practices

Question 16
Daft describes leadership as both a(n) ______ and a(n) ______.
Art; Science
Emotion; Skill
Goal; Tool
Task; Habit

Question 17
Northouse states that a key characteristic of leadership is that it involves a
shared process where both leaders and followers influence each other.
True
False

Question 18
Which of the following is NOT emphasized by Daft as a primary task of
leadership?
Setting a clear vision
Facilitating team dynamics
Ensuring operational compliance
Developing interpersonal relationships
Question 19
According to Daft, an effective leader must be skilled in:
Task delegation only
Relationship-building and emotional intelligence
Avoiding all conflicts
Focusing solely on financial performance

Question 20
Which option best describes the core responsibility of leaders versus managers
in a project environment?
Leaders are responsible for maintaining stability, while managers drive
innovation.
Leaders inspire the team with long-term vision, whereas managers focus on
executing specific tasks and schedules.
Leaders ensure policies are followed, while managers look for ways to break
established rules.
Leaders primarily work with resources, while managers focus on client relations.

Question 21
How does a clear vision benefit a team under a leader’s guidance?
It is mostly beneficial only in artistic or creative projects.
It provides a roadmap for the team, motivating them towards unified objectives.
It is less critical than ensuring day-to-day activities are closely monitored.
It should be ambiguous to maintain flexibility within the team.

Question 22
When distinguishing leadership from management, which description is most
accurate?
Leaders concentrate on aligning team goals with personal interests, while
managers enforce organizational standards.
Leaders focus on motivating people toward a vision, whereas managers focus on
organizing and structuring tasks.
Leaders take charge of technical issues, while managers handle personnel
matters.
Leaders and managers are indistinguishable in terms of their functions.
Question 23
What aspect of management contrasts with the role of a leader when guiding a
team?
Setting a futuristic vision
Developing specific methods to reach the team’s objectives
Overseeing daily operations and maintaining control
Encouraging employees to find their own paths to success

Question 24
In terms of organizational focus, how does leadership diverge from
management?
Leadership targets short-term gains, while management seeks long-term
sustainability.
Leadership is oriented toward relationship-building, while management centers
on operational frameworks.
Leadership primarily requires technical expertise, while management requires
visionary thinking.
Leadership is future-focused, whereas management is centered on immediate
concerns.

Question 25
During which scenario would management abilities be more crucial than
leadership qualities?
When adapting to new market demands
While forming a new corporate vision
When ensuring compliance with regulatory standards
While inspiring employees toward improved performance

Question 26
Which statement accurately reflects the distinction in roles between a leader and
a manager?
Leaders are inherently skilled, while managers need training to be effective.
Leaders aim to inspire transformative change, whereas managers implement
operational protocols.
Leaders and managers share identical tasks but differ in title.
Leaders emphasize procedural knowledge, while managers emphasize strategic
planning.

Question 27
In terms of communication, how does a leader's approach typically contrast with
that of a manager?
Leaders convey messages strictly in one direction to avoid confusion.
Leaders encourage open dialogue and transparency to cultivate trust.
Leaders rely on intuition and minimize communication.
Leaders only engage in communication for task delegation.

Question 28
In which case would leadership skills be more valuable than managerial skills?
When rolling out new software across the company
During routine performance evaluations
While guiding an organization through significant cultural shifts
In ensuring that all teams adhere to health and safety standards

Question 29
Which statement best captures the essence of leadership as defined in modern
theories?
Leadership involves the ability to organize resources effectively.
Leadership is an inherent quality that cannot be developed.
Leadership is a dynamic and influential process aimed at achieving goals through
others.
Leadership is focused on maintaining control over subordinates.

Question 30
In Turk’s framework, a manager is most likely to prioritize which of the following?
Setting long-term strategic goals
Developing new talent
Ensuring adherence to established procedures
Inspiring creativity within the team

Question 31
According to Turk, leaders are generally more likely than managers to:
Seek compliance with company policies
Focus on achieving specific short-term objectives
Challenge existing processes and encourage risk-taking
Emphasize precise execution of tasks

Question 32
What role does Turk suggest leaders play in managing change?
Leaders focus on enforcing policies during change.
Leaders avoid change to maintain stability.
Leaders create a vision and guide the organization through change.
Leaders delegate change initiatives to their subordinates

Question 33
In the context of decision-making, Turk describes managers as being more likely
to:
Rely on intuition and instinct
Follow established guidelines and procedures
Take risks to explore new opportunities
Consult with their team for input

Question 34
In Turk’s view, which of the following best defines a leader’s role in an
organization?
To maintain established procedures
To oversee and manage daily tasks
To inspire people to achieve a shared vision
To ensure compliance with organizational policies

Question 35
According to Northouse, leadership is strictly about having a formal position or
title within an organization.
True
False

Question 36
Northouse defines leadership as a process that involves only influencing a group
toward a single, pre-determined goal.
True
False

Question 37
In Northouse’s view, leadership and management are distinct concepts, but they
can overlap in practice.
True
False

Question 38
According to Northouse, the trait approach to leadership suggests that leaders
are born with inherent qualities that distinguish them from non-leaders.
True
False

Question 39
According to Northouse, the skills approach emphasizes that leadership
capabilities can be developed through learning and experience rather than being
innate.
True
False

Question 40
According to Yukl, which of the following best describes the nature of effective
leadership in organizations?
Effective leadership is solely about developing strict adherence to rules and
policies.
Effective leadership involves the ability to influence others towards achieving
organizational goals through a flexible approach.
Effective leadership requires leaders to focus exclusively on short-term
objectives.
Effective leadership is about minimizing personal interactions and prioritizing
task completion.

QUIZ 2
Question 1
Horner (1997) highlights the evolution of leadership theories over time. Which of
these trends does she suggest as an emerging focus in contemporary
leadership?
Hierarchical Leadership
Situational-Only Leadership
Shared and Distributed Leadership
Command-and-Control Leadership

Question 2
In Horner’s analysis, which approach to leadership theory primarily focuses on
what leaders do rather than their personal traits or situational context?
Situational Approach
Behavioral Approach
Skills Approach
Trait Approach

Question 3
Horner's article discusses the evolution of leadership. According to her, which
leadership approach emphasizes the leader's personal characteristics as key to
their influence?
Style Approach
Skills Approach
Behavioural Approach
Trait Approach

Question 4
What is the primary purpose of Van Seters and Field's article on leadership
theory?
To establish a new leadership theory
To explore the application of leadership in specific industries
To provide a historical overview and categorize existing leadership theories
To critique existing leadership theories

Question 5
Which era does Van Seters and Field consider as the beginning of leadership
theory development?
Skills Approach
Behavioral Approach
Style Approach
Trait Approach

Question 6
What key shift in focus marks the transition from traditional to modern leadership
theories, as discussed by Van Seters and Field?
A shift from individual to collective leadership
A shift from traits to behaviors
A shift from leader-centered to a systemic and contextual approach
A shift from hierarchical to collaborative leadership

Question 7
What do Van Seters and Field suggest is necessary for the development of future
leadership theories?
Exclusive emphasis on follower attributes
Integration of complexity and adaptability in leadership models
Focus solely on leader traits
A return to hierarchical leadership structures

Question 8
According to Stogdill's 1948 findings, how did he view the universality of
leadership traits?
 He argued that leadership traits were situationally dependent.
He found that intelligence and extroversion were universal leadership traits.
He concluded no single trait consistently defined leaders.
He believed certain traits were universally associated with leadership.

Question 9
In Stogdill's research, which trait was most frequently linked to leadership
effectiveness but was not universally reliable?
Physical appearance
Social background
Intelligence
Emotional intelligence

Question 10
How did Stogdill's findings challenge the "Great Man" theory of leadership?

He argued that anyone could become a leader.

Question 11
Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991) argue that although traits alone are not sufficient to
ensure leadership success, certain traits are essential for effective leadership.
Leaders possess specific traits that differentiate them from non-leaders, such as
drive, honesty, integrity, motivation, and cognitive ability.
True
False

Question 12
According to Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991), persistence as a personal trait is
considered critical for leaders to maintain during organizational changes and
challenges.
 True
False

Question 13
According to Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991), self-confidence allows leaders to make
decisions under uncertainty and to convince others of their vision. Leaders need
self-assurance to take risks and assert themselves in situations where leadership
is required.
True
False

Question 14
Which trait is least likely to be associated with successful leaders?
Determination
Technical knowledge
Integrity
Charisma

Question 15
Which perspective on leadership emphasizes that effective leaders inherently
possess specific qualities?
Leadership can be cultivated through training.
Leadership is based on actions rather than inherent qualities.
Situational factors dictate leadership success.
Certain natural attributes define effective leaders.

Question 16
How do career experiences influence leadership skills in the Skills approach?
Career experiences are minimally influential in developing leadership skills.
Only formal programs are effective in building leadership competencies.
Diverse career experiences enhance problem-solving and social understanding
in leaders.
Inherent characteristics are more impactful than career experiences.
Question 17
Which statement represents a common critique of the Skills approach to
leadership?
It excessively focuses on personal attributes of the leader.
It overlooks the role of natural leadership qualities.
Empirical evidence supporting this approach is lacking.
It doesn't accommodate the evolving nature of leadership contexts.

Question 18
What is a major criticism of focusing exclusively on leadership behaviors?
Limited empirical research validating its impact.
Lack of consideration for varying situations.
A narrow focus on leader actions alone.
Overemphasis on innate leader traits.

Question 19
A leadership style that involves high task orientation and high relationship
orientation is known as "Team Management" style.
True
False

Question 20
In the Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid, "Team Management" leadership style is
associated with the highest level of effectiveness.
True
False

Question 21
Country Club style of leadership primarily emphasizes concern for people over
productivity.
True
False
Question 22
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with the traits approach to
leadership?
Specific learned skills
Charisma
Integrity
Honesty

Question 23
According to the traits approach, which characteristic is essential for a leader's
ability to motivate and inspire followers?
Integrity
Technical knowledge
Charisma
Honesty

Question 24
What is a major limitation of the traits approach as highlighted by Daft (2022)?
It lacks empirical support.
It overlooks the importance of personal relationships.
It does not account for leadership behaviors.
It is too focused on situational factors.

Question 25
Which key idea underpins the Great Man theory of leadership?
Leadership style varies with organizational culture.
Leadership qualities can be developed through experience.
Leadership depends primarily on skills and training.
Leaders are born, not made.

Question 26
A criticism of the Great Man theory is that it:
Places too much importance on behaviors over traits.
 Does not consider the development of leadership skills.
Suggests leadership can be learned.
Overemphasizes situational factors.

Question 27
What are the three core skills identified by the skills approach to leadership?
Communication, analytical, ethical
Charisma, integrity, cognitive ability
Technical, human, conceptual
Strategic, motivational, technical

Question 28
According to the skills approach, which skill becomes more important at higher
levels of management?
Conceptual
Organisational
Technical
Human

Question 29
Which statement best explains the relationship between career experiences and
skill development in the skills approach?
Diverse experiences enhance problem-solving and social judgment skills.
Career experiences have a minimal impact on skill development.
Skills are innate and cannot be significantly developed through experience.
Career experiences are less important than inherent traits.

Question 1
The Situational Leadership Theory was first developed by:
John Kotter
Kurt Lewin
Hersey and Blanchard
Fiedler
Question 2
The key premise of the Situational Leadership Model is that:
Leadership should be contingent on followers' development level
Only task-oriented leadership is effective
Leaders are born, not made
One leadership style fits all

Question 3
Which of the following is NOT a leadership style in Hersey-Blanchard's model?
Directing
Consulting
Supporting
Coaching

Question 4
A leader using the "Delegating" style assumes followers are:
In need of detailed instruction
In need of constant direction
Lacking motivation
Highly competent and committed

Question 5
Situational Leadership Theory suggests that leaders should:
Use the same leadership style for all tasks
Avoid task-focused behaviors
Focus on personal charisma
Modify their style based on followers’ needs and maturity

Question 6
What is the main factor that determines which leadership style to use according
to the Situational Leadership Model?
 The organizational culture
The complexity of the task
The follower's development level
The leader’s personality

Question 7
According to Situational Leadership, a mismatch between the leadership style
and follower's development level leads to:
Confusion and poor performance
Stronger interpersonal relationships
Increased productivity
Greater autonomy

Question 8
Which leadership style is least directive according to the Situational Leadership
model?
Supporting
Delegating
Coaching
Directing

Question 9
In Situational Leadership, when should a leader adopt a "Supporting" style?
When the follower lacks both skill and motivation
When the follower needs no supervision
When the follower is capable but insecure
When the task is highly complex

Question 10
Which of the following statements about the Situational Leadership Model is
FALSE?
It relies on the leader's fixed traits
It assumes that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to leadership
 It emphasizes the importance of followers' readiness
It advocates for adaptable leadership styles

Question 11
Which of the following is NOT a factor considered in the Situational Leadership
Model?
Followers’ commitment
Task complexity
Followers’ competence
Leaders' experience level

Question 12
The primary difference between "Coaching" and "Supporting" leadership styles
is:
The level of directive behavior
The level of supportive behavior
The amount of follower feedback
The task difficulty

Question 13
A team with high competence but low commitment would benefit most from
which leadership style?
Directing
Coaching
Supporting
Delegating

Question 14
In the Situational Leadership Model, a high commitment and low competence
follower requires which leadership style?
Delegating
Supporting
Directing
 Coaching

Question 15
What is the relationship between task behavior and relationship behavior in the
Coaching style?
Both are high
Both are low
High task, low relationship
Low task, high relationship

Question 16
Who is primarily associated with the development of the Contingency Theory of
leadership?
Fred Fiedler
Hersey and Blanchard
Kurt Lewin
John Kotter

Question 17
The Contingency Approach to Leadership primarily argues that leadership
effectiveness depends on:
The leader’s charisma
The leader’s intelligence
The leader's personality traits
The fit between the leader’s style and situational variables

Question 18
In the Contingency Theory, which of the following is NOT a situational factor that
determines leadership effectiveness?
Position power
Leader’s decision-making style
Task structure
Leader-member relations
Question 19
According to the Contingency Theory, task-oriented leaders are most effective
when:
Situational control is low
Situational control is high or low
Situational control is moderate
Situational control is moderate or high

Question 20
Relationship-oriented leaders in the contingency model perform best when
situational control is:
High
Low
Moderate
Unimportant

Question 21
In the Contingency Model, what does the "Least Preferred Co-worker" (LPC) score
measure?
The leader's relationship with the team
The leader’s preferred leadership style
the leader’s effectiveness in controlling situations
The leader’s task-oriented or relationship-oriented preference

Question 22
If a leader has a low LPC score, this indicates they are primarily:
Task-oriented
Relationship-oriented
Transformational
Situational

Question 23
A high LPC score indicates that the leader is primarily:
Power-oriented
Task-oriented
Relationship-oriented
Conflict-avoidant

Question 24
Which of the following combinations of situational control favors a task-oriented
leader?
Good leader-member relations, high task structure, and strong position power
Poor leader-member relations, low task structure, and weak position power
High leader-member relations, high task structure, and low position power
Poor leader-member relations, low task structure, and high position power

Question 25
The primary criticism of Fiedler’s Contingency Model is:
It ignores situational variables
It assumes leadership styles are flexible
It does not account for task structure
It assumes leadership styles are fixed

Question 26
In the Contingency Approach, what is the primary variable that a leader should
consider when adjusting their style?
The leader’s past success
The leader’s personal preferences
The organizational culture
The needs and maturity of followers

Question 27
The Contingency Model suggests that the success of Task-Oriented Leadership is
most likely when:
Tasks are complex and require creative solutions
 There is low follower readiness
There is a crisis or time-sensitive situation
The leader has weak authority

Question 28
Contingency Model emphasizes that leadership effectiveness depends primarily
on:
The leader’s charisma and vision
The leader’s personality traits
The interaction between leadership style and the degree of situational control
The followers’ maturity

Question 29
In the Contingency Theory, Position Power refers to:
The authority granted to a leader by the organization
The influence of organizational hierarchy
The influence of external stakeholders
the leader’s ability to make decisions

Question 30
Which of the following is a core principle of Contingency Leadership Theory?
Leaders can adapt to any situation easily
Leadership effectiveness is determined solely by the leader’s behavior
Charismatic leadership is universally effective
There is no single best leadership style for all situations

Question 31
In Contingency Theory, which of the following is an example of a leadership
substitute?
A complex, ambiguous task
A structured organizational hierarchy
A strong, cohesive team
A charismatic leader
Question 32
The Path-Goal Theory of leadership was developed by:
Robert House
Victor Vroom
Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard
Fred Fiedler

Question 33
Which of the following leadership styles is NOT part of Path-Goal Theory?
Transformational leadership
Supportive leadership
Participative leadership
Directive leadership

Question 34
Which of the following is a key assumption of Path-Goal Theory?
Followers are passive and require constant direction
Leadership effectiveness depends solely on the leader's traits
The leader's role is to remove obstacles that hinder followers’ goal
achievement
The leader should adopt a fixed leadership style regardless of the situation

Question 35
In Path-Goal Theory, the leader is seen as a:
Facilitator who helps followers navigate their tasks
Visionary and charismatic figure
Sole decision-maker
Taskmaster who enforces discipline

Question 36
Which leadership style would be most appropriate for followers who are highly
skilled but facing a challenging task?
 Directive
Achievement-oriented
Supportive
Participative

Question 37
In Path-Goal Theory, when tasks are highly structured and clear, what type of
leadership is LEAST needed?
Participative leadership
Directive leadership
Supportive leadership
Achievement-oriented leadership

Question 38
According to Path-Goal Theory, which of the following would be a major obstacle
that a leader needs to remove?
A highly motivated team
A well-structured reward system
Unclear task expectations
A clear organizational hierarchy

Question 39
Which of the following statements reflects the core concept of Path-Goal Theory?
Leadership should always be authoritative to ensure consistency
Leadership success is primarily determined by organizational culture
Leaders are most effective when they maintain a single leadership style
Leaders should adapt their style to fit followers’ needs and the task
environment

Question 40
When followers face stressful and challenging tasks, Supportive Leadership helps
by:
 Offering guidance and specific instructions
Giving them more autonomy
Introducing more complex tasks
Providing encouragement and reducing task-related stress

Question 41
Which of the following leadership behaviors involves inviting follower input in
decision-making?
Directive leadership
Supportive leadership
Participative leadership
Achievement-oriented leadership

Question 42
In the Path-Goal Theory, Directive leadership is most effective when:
Followers are unclear about how to approach a task
Tasks are highly structured
Followers are highly independent and motivated
Tasks are repetitive and boring

Question 43
When followers lack confidence in their ability to perform a task, Path-Goal
Theory recommends using:
Participative leadership
Directive leadership
Supportive leadership
Achievement-oriented leadership

Question 44
Path-Goal Theory states that leaders should modify their behavior based on:
The leader's own vision and leadership style
The leader’s experience level
The leader’s charisma
 Followers' personal preferences and leadership expectations

Question 45
The Path-Goal Theory is closely related to which of the following motivational
theories?
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
McClelland’s Need for Achievement
Expectancy Theory