[SENSOR]

AHMED KAMAL

ProtoXima.com
 -WHATS THE SENSOR?
[A sensor is a device that produces an output signal for the purpose of sensing a physical
phenomenon]

-Types of Sensors?
Temperature Pressure Flow Level Vibration

-Sensors Connections?
Active Passive
[Active]

A Active Sensor
requires an DCS source of
power

[Passive]
A Passive Sensor
requires an external
source of power to
operate

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Types of Level Sensors?
Float switch Capacitance Optical Conductivity Tuning Ultrasonic Radar
fork
Continuous level
Point Level Measurement
Measurement

#Different between point level and continuous level?

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 Capacitance
-Capacitance sensors can be used in liquid storage tanks. A water treatment
facility that has storage tanks would be an ideal use for a capacitance sensor.

Advantage Disadvantage
Small Invasive
Less expensive Have to be calibrated
Accurate Detect certain liquids
No moving part

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 Optical Sensor

-Optical sensors work by converting light rays into electrical signals which
measure a physical quantity of light then translate it into a measurement.

Advantage Disadvantage
Small size If the lens is dirty it should
be cleaned
not affected by high
pressure or
Temperature
used in liquid
application

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 Conductivity Sensor

- A conductivity or resistance sensor uses a probe to read conductivity. The

Advantage Disadvantage

NO Moving Part Invasive

Low cost Only in Conductive Liquids

Easy to Use Probe will erode

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 Vibrating Sensor

- Vibrating or tuning forks is another type of point level sensor. They use a
fork-shaped sensing element with two tines. The fork vibrates at its natural
resonant frequency. As the level changes, the frequency of the fork will change
detecting the level.

Advantage Disadvantage

Easy to Install Invasive

Easy to Use

Maintenance-Free

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 Float Switches

- Float Switches use a float, a device that will raise or lower when a product is
applied or removed, which will open or close a circuit as the level raises or
lowers moving the float.

Advantage Disadvantage

Non-powered Invasive

Direct indication Have moving part

Inexpensive Large size

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 Ultrasonic Sensor

- Ultrasonic sensors work by emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves. The time
it takes for the waves to reflect back is how distance is measured.

Advantage Disadvantage

Non- Invasive Expensive

Negative Effect of
Self-Cleaning
Environment

Large size

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 Radar Sensor

- Radar or microwave is also a continuous level sensor. These sensors transmit

Advantage Disadvantage

Non- Invasive Expensive

NO Calibration Limited Detection Range

Accurate

Measure Liquids,
Pastes, Powders and
Solids

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