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Buckingham Pi Theory

The document details the application of Buckingham π theorem for dimensional analysis, establishing relationships among various parameters in turbomachines. It derives four dimensionless π-terms (π1, π2, π3, π4) that relate flow rate, energy transfer, and power delivery to machine dimensions and operating conditions. The significance of these terms is highlighted for performance comparison and scaling in turbomachines.

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33 views3 pages

Buckingham Pi Theory

The document details the application of Buckingham π theorem for dimensional analysis, establishing relationships among various parameters in turbomachines. It derives four dimensionless π-terms (π1, π2, π3, π4) that relate flow rate, energy transfer, and power delivery to machine dimensions and operating conditions. The significance of these terms is highlighted for performance comparison and scaling in turbomachines.

Uploaded by

ll4454464
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dimensional Analysis using Buckingham π Theo-

rem
General relationship:

f (Q, N, D, gH, P, ρ, µ) = constant

Dimensions:
Q = L3 T −1 , N = T −1 , D = L, gH = L2 T −2 ,
P = M L2 T −3 , ρ = M L−3 , µ = M L−1 T −1

Number of variables: n = 7
Number of fundamental dimensions: m = 3
Number of π-terms: n − m = 4
Repeating variables: D, N, ρ

Formation of π1
π1 = D a N b ρc Q
M 0 L0 T 0 = La T −b (M L−3 )c L3 T −1
= M c La−3c+3 T −b−1
Equating powers:
M: 0=c⇒c=0
L: 0 = a − 3c + 3 ⇒ a = −3
T : 0 = −b − 1 ⇒ b = −1
Q
π1 =
N D3

Formation of π2
π2 = Da N b ρc gH
M 0 L0 T 0 = La T −b (M L−3 )c L2 T −2 = M c La−3c+2 T −b−2
Equating powers:
M: 0=c⇒c=0
L: 0 = a + 2 ⇒ a = −2
T : 0 = −b − 2 ⇒ b = −2
gH
π2 =
N 2 D2

1
Formation of π3
π3 = D a N b ρc P
M 0 L0 T 0 = La T −b (M L−3 )c M L2 T −3
= M c+1 La−3c+2 T −b−3
Equating powers:
M: 0 = c + 1 ⇒ c = −1
L: 0 = a + 3 + 2 ⇒ a = −5
T : 0 = −b − 3 ⇒ b = −3
P
π3 =
ρN 3 D5

Formation of π4
π4 = D a N b ρc µ
M 0 L0 T 0 = La T −b (M L−3 )c M L−1 T −1
= M c+1 La−3c−1 T −b−1
Equating powers:
M: 0 = c + 1 ⇒ c = −1
L: 0 = a + 3 − 1 ⇒ a = −2
T : 0 = −b − 1 ⇒ b = −1
µ
π4 =
ρN D2

Significance of Dimensionless Terms in Turboma-


chines
• Flow Coefficient (Capacity Coefficient):

Q
π1 =
N D3
Indicates the volume flow rate relative to the machine’s size and speed.
Useful for comparing turbomachine performance independent of size.
• Head Coefficient:
gH
π2 =
N 2 D2
Represents the energy transfer or pressure head developed by the machine.
Helps in performance scaling.

2
• Power Coefficient:
P
π3 =
ρN 3 D5
Indicates the actual power delivered by the machine relative to its geom-
etry and operating conditions.

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