CLASS 9 - MAPS
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Example 1: The maps show the center of a small town called Islip in
2010 and 2015.
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Example 2: The plan below shows the changes in village of Pebbleton
20 years ago and now.
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Practice 1:
Practice 2:
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Practice 3:
Practice 4: The map below shows the development of the village of
Ryemouth between 1995 and present.
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Practice 5:
The diagram below shows the floor plan of a public library 20 years
ago and how it looks now.
Practice 6: The diagrams show a museum and its surroundings in
1990 and 2010.
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SAMPLES
Practice 1:
The pictures illustrate how a library layout changed between 5 years ago
and today.
Overall, the library has been completely changed. In addition, more
facilities have been added and several rooms have been repurposed.
The library had a different layout five years ago. On the upper right-hand
side, a long desk was reserved for computer usage. On the opposite corner,
there was a spacious library office. Two bookshelves stood on the front and
the back of the library, with four sets of private studying tables in between.
On the west end, there were three adjacent rooms: a classroom, a meeting
room, and a room for book borrowing and returning.
At present, more facilities have been added, with the most dramatic change
taking place on the east of the library. The two computer desk on the top
right corner is now used for students’ personal laptops, while the library
office has been replaced by a conference room. There was no change to the
northern bookshelf, but the shelf on the south has been demolised to make
way for another laptop desk. Two more sets of tables have been added next
to the old ones to cater to more visitors. On the left-hand side, the meeting
room remained the same. However, next to it, the returning desk and
borrowing dest were separated into two rooms. The classroom has been
converted into a recording studio.
Practice 2:
The pictures illustrate the transformation of a coastal land into a park.
Overall, significant changes have occurred in the area, including the
addition of more green spaces and the introduction of various facilities.
Before development, there was a road running from east to west of the
area. This road was connected to two farm buildings in the center of the
area through a side road. Wasteland and animal shelters were located to the
left of these structures, while farmland was on the opposite side. A cliff
stood in front of this area, separating it from the beach.
Currently, the road remains unchanged, but the farm buildings have been
replaced with a parking lot. A new coffee shop was also established between
this place and the main road. A footpath was built from west to east,
surrounding a new lake to the west and woodland to the east. Trees are
planted around the lake to provide additional shade for visitors. Finally, on
the cliff, steps were added, opening a path to the beach.
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Practice 3:
The plans illustrates how the first floor of an art gallery changed from 2005
to present day. Overall, the gallery has been completely transformed. In
addition, several facilities and room have been added to this location.
In 2005, visitors could enter the art gallery hall through the main entrance
to the south. There was a reception desk at the far end of the hall, in front
of the stairs at the back. On the east wing of the gallery, three exhibition
rooms was situated side by side. On the opposite side, there was only one
exhibition room, a cafe, and a gallery office. The cafe was located on the
uppder west corner, next to the office. Exhibition room 4 was the biggest
room on the west ring, taking up the entire southwest corner.
At present, a wheelchair ramp leading to the entrance has been added
outside the gallery. The reception desk has been moved to the middle of the
grand hall, which has made it convenient for visitors. A new lift has been
constructed next to the old stairs. The exhibition rooms on the right-hand
side have stayed the same.
The most noticeable change takes place on the west ring. The cafe has been
made smaller and converted into a gallery shop. Next to this, the gallery
office has been demolised to make way for a vending machine. On the
bottom left corner, exhibition room 4 has been divided into two rooms,
namely a children’s area, which is on the lower left-hand side corner, and a
temporary exhibition next to that.
Practice 4:
The diagrams showcase the transformation of a coastal village named
Ryemouth since 1995. Overall, the village has witnessed the rist of new
houses and apartment complexes, complemented by improved sports
amenties. This expansion, however, has come at the prices of green spaces,
the local fishing industry, and the agricultural plots.
Focusing on the village’s northern section, the northwest part has seen the
addition of new houses, with four situated on the left and five on the right.
While the central residential square, housing four dwellings, remains intact,
the western road has been extended to accommodate two addtional houses.
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To the right, the previous agricultural land adjacent to the forest park has
been repurposed into a golf course, along with two tennis courts.
Shifting our attention south from the golf course, a new parking area
emerges, placed to the east of an already existing hotel. Directly across
from these establishments and by the beach, the cafe stands as it did in
1995. Moving westward along the beach road, beyond the T-junction, the
original five shops have transitioned into restaurants. Directly across from
these dining venues, four modern apartment buildings have risen,
occupying the land where the fish market once stood. The adjacent fishing
port has since been dismantled, restoring the beach to its pristine form.
Practice 5:
The diagram shows the current layout of a public library and how it looked
20 years ago. It is clear that the overall layout of the library remains the
same, with three main areas on either side of the entrance. The most
striking change would be the changes in the purpose of each area and the
removal of tables and chairs in the main hall.
Twenty years ago, upon entering the library, there was a large hall with
tables and chairs in the center, but they have now been removed. On the
left of the entrance, there used to be a reading room with access to
newspapers and magazines, but now it has been converted into a computer
room. Next to this room used to be a large area dedicated to adult fiction
books; however, in the present map, this area has been reduced in size and
showcases reference books. The last room on the left of the map was once
dedicated to CDs, videos, and computer games; now, it has been expanded
to hold storytelling events and house a collection of children’s fiction books,
with seating nearby.
On the right of the map, next to the entrance, there used to be an enquiry
desk where people could buy tickets and return books, but now it has been
converted into a café. Next to the café, twenty years ago, there was a large
area for adult non-fiction books; at present, this area showcases fiction
books for adults and an information desk has been added along with three
self-service machines. A new lecture room has replaced the area which was
once a room for children’s books.
Practice 6:
The map shows renovations to a museum and the surrounding grounds from
1990 to 2010. Looking from an overall perspective, it is clear that the
museum itself decreased the square footage for exhibitions and outside
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there were significant alterations to the surrounding area to allow for
greater access and leisure.
Internally, the museum in 1990 contained a store room in the top left
corner, various exhibition spaces on all sides, and a small shop in the
bottom right. By 2010, the only modification was that the shop was
extended towards the left at the expense of the adjacent exhibition room.
Outside the main structure, the largest single change was the expansion of
the car park on the right side which subsumed a garden beneath it. The
paths and roads as well as the garden above the car park were unchanged.
The final difference was the cottage in the bottom left corner across from
the museum was renovated to become a cafe.
CLASS 10 - PROCESS
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PRACTICE 1: The diagram shows how instant noodles are
manufactured.
Linking words
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Band 6.0 Band 8.0
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SAMPLE:
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Sample:
SOME SPECIAL DIAGRAMS
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The diagram shows the development of the cutting tool in the Stone
Age.
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The picture below shows how a hot balloon works.
The diagram provides a comprehensive look at the components of a hot air
balloon and explains how it operates.
Overall, the hot air balloon primarily consists of three essential components:
the envelope, the basket, and the burner. Additionally, the balloon’s ascent
and descent are governed by regulating the temperature of the air inside.
The dominant feature of the hot air ballon is its large envelope, shaped
much like an inverted teardrop. The hop houses a ‘parachute valve’, a self-
sealing mechanism designed to control the release of hot air. Below this
valve, the envelope consists of large vertical sections termed ‘gores’, which
themselves are composed of smaller panels. The envelope narrows down to
a section called the ‘skirt’ at its base. This skirt connects to the basket with
ropes, and directly above the basket sits the burner. Propane tanks, stored
within the basket, supply the fuel for the burner.
In terms of its operation, the burner mixes ambient air with propane,
heating the air within the envelope. As this air warms, it becomes lighter,
causing the balloon to rise. To initiate a descent, the internal air is allowed
to cool, increasing its density, which in turn pulls the hot air balloon
downward.
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PRACTICE
I. MANMADE PROCESS
1. The diagram below shows how glass is recycled.
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2. The diagram below shows how uranium is used in the
production of nuclear power.
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3. The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of
Meteorology collects up-to-the-minute information on the weather in
order to produce reliable forecasts.
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4. The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.
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5. The diagram below shows how coffee is produced and prepared
for sale in supermarkets and shops.
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SAMPLE:
1. The diagram below shows how glass is recycled.
The diagram provides a detailed look at the process of recycling glass.
Overall, this cyclical process can be divided into six main stages. We can
also see that there is no limit to how many times glass can be recyled
and reused.
Initially, consumers need to segregated used glass bottles from regular
household waste, placing them into dedicated recycling bins. These bins
are then picked up by waste collection trucks and transported to a
recycling facility.
At this facility, the initial action involves washking and sterilizing the
collected glass using specialized equipment. After being cleaned and
sterilized, the glass undergoes another phase where it is crushed and
subsequently melted. This molten glass is then molded into new glass
items using a shaping machine. Once manufactured, these new glass
bottles are ready to be filled and distributed to retail outlets for
consumer purchase. Following this, these bottles can enter the recycling
loop once more.
2. The diagram below shows how uranium is used in the
production of nuclear power.
The diagram illustrates the process through which uranium is utilized to
generate nuclear power.
As is evident from the picture, the procedure includes six main stages,
from extraction to disposal, with an option to recycle certain portions of
the material rather than committing them to permanent underground
storage.
Initially, uranium is extracted from the earth and then subjected to a
series of refinement and conversion processes. The culmination of this
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phase is the production of fuel peleets known as U-235. These pellets
serve as the primary fuel source in nucler power plants. Remarkably
efficient, these pellets can sustain energy production for up to four years
before needing replacement. After this duration, there is an opportunity
to reprocess some of the spent pellets for further use.
Nevertheless, not all used pellets are suitable for recylcing. Those that
are not securedly sealed in specialized containers are then buried
underground for safe disposal.
3. The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of
Meteorology collects up-to-the-minute information on the weather in
order to produce reliable forecasts.
The figure illustrates the process used by the Australian Bureau of
Meteorology to forecast the weather.
There are four stages in the process, beginning with the collection of
information about the weather. This information is then analysed,
preparedfor presentation, and finally broadcast to the public.
Looking at the first and second stages of the process, there are three
ways of collecting weather data and three ways of analysing it. Firstly,
incoming information can be received by satellite and presented for
analysis as a satellite photo. The same data can also be passed to a radar
station and presented on a radar screen or synoptic chart. Secondly,
incoming information may be collected directly by radar and analysed on
a radar screen or synoptic chart. Finally, drifting buoys also receive data
which can be shown on a synoptic chart.
At the third stage of the process, the weather broadcast is prepared on
computers. Finally, it is delivered to the public on television, on the
radio, or as a recorded telephone announcement.
4. The chart below shows the process of waste paper recycling.
The flow chart shows how waste paper is recycled.
It is clear that there are six distinct stages in this process, from the
initial collection of waste paper to the eventual production of usable
paper.
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At the first stage in the paper recycling process, waste paper is collected
either from paper banks, where members of the public leave their used
paper, or directly from businesses. This paper is then sorted by hand and
separated according to its grade, with any paper that is not suitable for
recycling being removed. Next, the graded paper is transported to a
paper mill.
Stages four and five of the process both involve cleaning. The paper is
cleaned and pulped, and foreign objects such as staples are taken out.
Following this, all remnants of ink and glue are removed from the paper
at the de-inking stage. Finally, the pulp can be processed in a paper
making machine, which makes the end product: usable paper.
5. The diagram below shows how coffee is produced and prepared
for sale in supermarkets and shops.
The picture illustrates the process of coffee manufacture and preparation
for sale on the market.
It is clear that there are 11 stages in the production of coffee. The
process begins with the picking of coffee beans, and ends at the packing
stage.
Looking at the coffee production process in detail, coffee beans must first
be picked in the fields. These beans are then dried, roasted, and cooled
before being put in a grinding machine, which turns the beans into coffee
granules.
At the sixth stage in the process, the ground coffee is mixed with hot
water, and the resulting mixture is strained. Next, the mixture is frozen
and then passed once again through the grinder. After that, the ground,
frozen liquid is dried in a vacuum so that the water evaporates, leaving
the coffee granules. Finally, these granules are packed into coffee jars
for delivery to shops.
The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous
movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.
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II. Natural processes
1. The diagram below shows the water cycle in both forested
and urban areas.
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2. The diagram below shows the life cycle of a salmon, from
eggs to adult fish.
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3. The diagram shows the life cycle of a honey bee.
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4. The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the
continuous movement of water on, above and below the
surface of the Earth.
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5. The diagrams illustrate the stages in the life of a silkworm
and the process of producing silk cloth.
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SAMPLES
1. The two diagrams depicts the water cycle in both a forested environment
and a developed urban area.
Overall, each illustration consists of six stages, beginning with rainfall and
concluding with runoff. Both areas receive an equivalent amount of rainfall.
However, urban regions display notably less water evaporation and ground
absorption compared to urban landscapes.
On the surface, it is evident that in forested environments, a larger fraction
of the water evaporates from both the ground and trees compared to urban
settings. Conversely, in urban areas, a significant amount of water runs
over the surface, often collecting pollutants as it courses through the city.
While the level of erosion is not displayed in the forested area diagram, this
phenomenon increases in cities.
Subterraneously, forests showcase a substantial volume of water seeping
through both top soil and subsoil. In contrast, urban areas witness less
water penetration into subsoil, resulting in a decreased baseflow.
Consequently, the water table sits noticeably higher beneath woodland
regions than beneath metropolitan areas.
2. The diagram illustrates various stages in the development of a salmon.
Overall, there are eight stages in the life cycle of the salmon, starting with
eggs and continuing until they become fully-grown adults.
At the first stage in the life cycle, the female salmon chooses the best spot
in rivers and lays a massive number of eggs, which are then incubated
before developing into tiny fish. At this point, the fish have a long tail and do
not yet have the appearance of a normal fish. In the next stage, the fish
grow quickly in size and move downstream to freshwater areas, which are
suitable for rearing, before migrating to estuaries where they continue to be
reared.
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At the following stage in the life cycle, the young fish become much bigger
and begin their journey to the ocean where they develop into mature adult
salmon. The adult fish migrate upstream to spawning areas of rivers where
they will mate and spawn, and the life cycle starts again.
3. The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a honey bee.
We can see that the complete life cycle lasts between 34 and 36 days. It is
also noticeable that there are five main stages in the development of the
honey bee, from egg to mature adult insect.
The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female adult lays an egg;
the female typically lays one or two eggs every 3 days. Between 9 and 10
days later, each egg hatches and the immature insect, or nymph, appears.
During the third stage of the life cycle, the nymph grows in size and sheds
its skin three times. This moulting first takes place 5 days after the egg
hatches, then 7 days later, and again another 9 days later. After a total of 30
to 31 days from the start of the cycle, the young adult honey bee emerges
from its final moulting stage, and in the space of only 4 days it reaches full
maturity.
4. The picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to
land during the natural process known as the water cycle.
Three main stages are shown on the diagram. Ocean water evaporates, falls
as rain, and eventually runs back into the oceans again.
Beginning at the evaporation stage, we can see that 80% of water vapour in
the air comes from the oceans. Heat from the sun causes water to
evaporate, and water vapour condenses to form clouds. At the second stage,
labelled ‘precipitation’ on the diagram, water falls as rain or snow.
At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater may take various paths. Some of it
may fall into lakes or return to the oceans via surface runoff’. Otherwise,
rainwater may filter through the ground, reaching the impervious layer of
the earth. Salt water intrusion is shown to take place just before
groundwater passes into the oceans to complete the cycle.
5. The diagrams illustrate the stages in the life of a silkworm and the
process of producing silk cloth.
There are four main stages in the life cycle of the silkworm, from eggs to
adult moth. The process of silk cloth production involves six steps, from
silkworm cocoon to silk material.
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At the first stage in the life cycle of a silkworm, the moth lays its eggs.
Around ten days later, silkworm larvae hatch from the eggs; these larvae
feed on mulberry leaves. Then, after four to six weeks, the larvae become
covered in silk thread, and it takes between three and eight days for a full
cocoon to be produced.
For silk cloth production, a cocoon is first selected and then boiled in water.
After boiling, the silk thread that makes up the cocoon is unwound, and
then several strands of thread are twisted together. At the fifth and sixth
stages in the process, the thread can either be dyed and then woven into
silk fabric, or it can be woven first and then dyed subsequently.
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