LAB REPORT
Verification of the instructors
Name: Đỗ Thị Khánh Linh
Student ID: 202412894
Class: 753550 - PH1016
Group: 4
Experiment 1:
MEASUREMENT OF BASIC LENGTH
I. Purpose of experiment
- Understand the structure and the method to read vernier caliper and micrometer
- Use those instrument to measure the diameter
II. Experimental results
1. Measurement of a metal hollow cylinder
m=28.5(g); ∆= 0.02(𝑚𝑚); a=1(mm)
Trial 𝐷(𝑚𝑚) 𝑑(𝑚𝑚) ℎ(𝑚𝑚)
1 42.20 34.80 8.36
2 42.22 34.82 8.40
3 42.20 34.78 8.42
4 42.20 34.82 8.40
5 42.22 34.80 8.40
5 5 5
1 1 1
̅ = × ∑ 𝐷𝑖
𝐷 𝑑̅ = × ∑ 𝑑𝑖 ℎ̅ = × ∑ ℎ𝑖
5 5 5
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1
= 42.21(𝑚𝑚) = 34.80(𝑚𝑚) = 8.40(𝑚𝑚)
𝑠. 𝑑 = 𝑠. 𝑑 = 𝑠. 𝑑 =
∑5𝑖=1(𝐷𝑖 −𝐷
̅ )2 ∑5𝑖=1(𝑑𝑖 −𝑑̅)2 ∑5𝑖=1(ℎ𝑖 −ℎ
̅)2
√ ≈0.01(mm) √ ≈0.015(mm) √ ≈0.02(mm)
5 5 5
𝑠. 𝑑 𝑠. 𝑑 𝑠. 𝑑
∆𝐷 ≈ 𝑆. 𝐷 ≈ ∆𝑑 ≈ 𝑆. 𝐷 ≈ ∆ℎ ≈ 𝑆. 𝐷 ≈
√5 √5 √5
≈ 0.004(𝑚𝑚) ≈ 0.007(𝑚𝑚) ≈ 0.009(𝑚𝑚)
1
2. Measurement of a small steel ball
∆= 0.01(𝑚𝑚); a=0.5(mm)
Trial 𝐷(𝑚𝑚)
1 15.90
2 15.91
3 15.90
4 15.92
5 15.91
5
1
̅ = × ∑ 𝐷𝑖 = 15.91(𝑚𝑚)
𝐷
5
𝑖=1
∑5𝑖=1(𝐷𝑖 −𝐷
̅ )2
𝑠. 𝑑 = √ ≈0.007(mm)
5
𝑠. 𝑑
∆𝐷 ≈ 𝑆. 𝐷 ≈ ≈ 0.003(𝑚𝑚)
√5
III. Data analysis
1. Metal hollow cylinder
a. Volume
π 2 2 π
̅=
V ̅ −𝑑̅ )ℎ̅ = (42.212 −34.802 )8.40 ≈ 3765(𝑚𝑚3 )
(𝐷
4 4
= 3.765 × 10−6 (𝑚3 )
2 2 2
̅
𝜕V ̅
𝜕V ̅
𝜕V
√
∆𝑉 = ( ∆𝐷) + ( ∆𝑑) + ( ∆ℎ)
̅
𝜕D 𝜕d̅ 𝜕h̅
𝜋 2
= ̅ ∆𝐷)2 + (−2𝐷
̅ . ℎ.
× √(2𝐷 ̅ ∆𝑑)2 + ((𝐷
̅ . ℎ. ̅ 2 −𝑑̅ 2 )∆ℎ)
4
≈ 6(𝑚𝑚3 ) = 0.006 × 10−6 (𝑚3 )
Hence,
̅ ± ∆𝑉 = (3.765 ± 0.006) × 10−6 (𝑚3 )
𝑉=V
b. Density
𝑚 28.5 × 10−3
𝜌̅ = = ≈ 7.57 × 103 (𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 )
𝑉̅ 3765 × 10−9
2
2
∆𝑉 2 6 × 10−9
∆𝜌 = 𝜌̅ × √(− ) = 7.57 × 103 × √(− )
𝑉̅ 3765 × 10−9
≈ 0.01 × 103 (𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 )
Hence,
ρ = ρ̅ ± ∆ρ = (7.57 ± 0.01) × 103 (kg/m3 )
2. The steel ball
𝜋 3 𝜋
̅̅̅
𝑉𝑏 = ̅̅
𝐷̅̅ = (15.91 × 10−3 )3 ≈ 2.109 × 10−6 (𝑚3 )
6 𝑏 6
∆𝐷𝑏 2 0.003 2
∆𝑉𝑏 = ̅̅̅
𝑉𝑏 × √(3 −6 √
) = 2.109 × 10 × (3 )
̅𝐷̅̅𝑏̅ 15.91
≈ 0.001 × 10−6 (𝑚3 )
Hence,
𝑉𝑏 = ̅̅̅
𝑉𝑏 ± ∆𝑉𝑏 = (2.109 ± 0.001) × 10−6 (𝑚3 )
