GOOD MORNING

ICT-III
PRAYER
CLASSROOM
RULES
ENERGIZER
Introduction
to Audio
Concepts
Presented by:
PEDA, Kyla Marie B.
EBRADA, Maria Cyndi L.
OLAVERE, Francis Anilov O.
At the end of the lesson,
students should be able to:
Recognize the different aspect of Did You Know?
audio concepts
Heartbeats Sync with
Classify the different careers in
Music Listening to
audio production;
music can have a
positive effect on your
Illustrate the basic principles of heart.
of acoustics;

Participate actively
in class discussion.
Curious
Kickoff
What comes into your mind when you hear
the word “audio?”
 Overview of
Sound and Audio
Sound Audio
 SOUND AUDIO

Wave Element Audio Concepts

Timbre Audio System
Sounds in Space Components
 Wave Elements

all sounds are just air pressure variations hitting ears

at different rates
Speaker or piano radiates variations of air pressure;
microphone captures variations of air pressure
hitting a drum or plucking a guitar making sounds
through moving back and forth
high and low pressure repeating is a wave.
 Wave Elements
FREQUENCY
rate of the wave
pretty synonymous with tone, note, and pitch,
measured in how many times a cycle of high and low
pressure occurs per seconds
Hz (hertz)- cycle per second (called as A note)
guitar string 440 Hz
pitch bird song 10,000 Hz
low pitch bass 60 Hz
 Wave Elements

AMPLITUDE
intensity of the wave (loudness is volume)
dB (decibels) another common measurement of
intensity; an averaging of amplitudes over time

ex. If you pluck the guitar string twice as hard and get
the wave to oscillate back and forth twice as far, it has
twice the amplitude and therefore we hear it as louder.
 Characteristics of Sound Waves
1 CYCLE

TIME TIME

AMPLITUDE

Frequency Amplitude
It refers to how fast the wave vibrates or the It refers to the height of the wave from the
number of cycles per second. It is measured centre line. It tells the loudness of the sound.
in hertz (Hz) and determines the pitch of the
sound.
 Wave Elements

PHASE
third element of a sound wave
wave starts to compare to other waves
If two microphones are picking up the same sound from
different distances, they may have been offset and cause
these kinds of cancellations.
NOTE: it is important because sounds can be “out of phase”
where their high and low pressure areas cancel each other out
 TIMBRE

pronounced as “Tamber”
it is what the sound sounds like
can be also called texture, color, and tone
influenced by two things: the partials and
the envelope
 TIMBRE

PARTIALS
additional frequencies that occur when playing a single
note
each additional frequencies increasingly quieter (lower
aptitude)
can tell the difference between instruments because the
amplitude of their partials may vary
 TIMBRE

PARTIALS
harmonic series
mathematical concept that follows when
relationship to the fundamental frequency occur
foundation for all musical harmony – explaining
why notes good together
 TIMBRE

ENVELOPE
how the amplitude of the sound changes over time
how long the sound takes to get to its loudest point and
how long it takes to return to silence after the cause of
the sound has stopped
each instrument has a different envelope that affect its
timbre
 TIMBRE

ENVELOPE
how the amplitude of the sound changes over time
how long the sound takes to get to its loudest point and
how long it takes to return to silence after the cause of
the sound has stopped
each instrument has a different envelope that affect its
timbre
 Sounds in Space

can hear size and other qualities of

a room based on how much reverb,
delay, and characteristics that
become a part of the sound
interacting with the space
 Sounds in Space

DELAY
sound bounces off walls and floor spaces
sound like the initial sound to hit your ears, you will hear it
multiple times as it bounces off the wall but hearing it
multiple times it gets quieter
Each delay sounds like an instance of the sound. How long
it takes for you to hear the delay and how many times it
happens will tell you a lot about the room you are in.
 Sounds in Space

REVERB
sounds like as washed out version of the sound source
will hear it as the sound itself, then a tail of a jumbled up
version of itself
This happens when a sound interacts with a space for it to
bounce off many versions of it, bounce off of many angles
of the room and get to your ear over a duration of time.

NOTE: Each room has its own unique reverb characteristic.

 Sounds in Space

FREQUENCIES IN SPACE
Different frequencies of a sound will interact with a space
differently
Lower frequencies, pass through surface or object or get
caught up in the corners
Higher frequencies, bounce off surfaces or absorbed by it
These qualities plus delay and reverb tell you a lot about a
space without having to consciously think about it.
 Sounds in Space

DIRECTION
the shape of the outer ear helps you know if sound is in
front of or behind you by filtering out frequencies
Your brain has come to know the characteristics of how
frequencies are removed when it goes through the back of
your ear and it tells you that the sound is likely behind you.
panning – editing a song or video, can move the sound to
the left or right speaker
 SOUND AUDIO

Wave Element Audio Concepts

Timbre Audio System
Sounds in Space Components
 Audio Concepts

SIGNAL FLOW
Sound waves in the air can be turned into an
electrical signal called an analog signal using a
microphone, combined with other signals using a
mixer, then sent back out as new physical sound
waves using a speaker.
 Audio Concepts

GAIN STAGING
An important concept to know is mic vs line level
signal. Microphones output a very weak signal out of
their cables, so whatever it is connected to needs to
use a "preamplifier" to amplify that signal to a level
so that it can withstand going through circuits and
being recorded.
 Audio Concepts

STEREO
We have two ears, so we can simulate sounds in
space by using stereo audio.
left and right channel
Most audio tools can use "panning" to control what
goes to the left or right speaker, but most of the time
it is a combination of both or the same.
 Audio System Concepts

It is important to be aware of these categories and that they

may be combined depending on the gear.
audio gear, but many items combine elements from multiple
categories
-Microphone - Recorder
-Cable -Amp
-Interface -Speaker
-Mixer -Support
 CAREER IN
AUDIO
PRODUCTION
 Stagehands are usually skilled in
multiple disciplines, including
rigging, carpentry, stage
electrics, stage lighting, audio,
video/projection, and props.

AUDIO STAGEHAND
 Sound assistants generally
assist the sound recordist to
make sure the whole sound
recording process runs
smoothly and safely

LIVE SOUND
ASSISTANT
 Assists with recording live music
concerts and recitals, special
studio recording sessions, and
live radio broadcasts using
digital audio editing, multimedia,
and audio compact disc
mastering hardware and
software.
STUDIO RECORDING
ASSISTANT
 They research for background
information on topics that form
the content of radio
programmes, and help with
different aspects of planning
and producing the programmes.

BROADCAST TECHNICAL
ASSISTANT
 A key member of the production
audio crew in the film and
television industries, the boom
operator assists the production
sound mixer on set by operating
boom microphones, selecting
and placing radio microphones,
and maintaining the audio
equipment
BOOM OPERATOR
 During the Audio Post
Production, Sound Editors need
a huge quantity of sound effects,
recordings, voiceover and music
tracks to compose a film's
soundtrack.

DUBBING ASSISSTANT
Basic Principles
of Acoustics
 SOUND
SOUND IS THE VIBRATION OF A MEDIUM SUCH AS A
GAS, LIQUID OR SOLID TO CREATE AN ACOUSTIC
WAVE. THE SPEED OF SOUND DIFFERS DEPENDING
ON THE MEDIUM IT IS PASSING THROUGH. SOUND
TRAVELS MUCH QUICKER IN LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS
THAN IN AIR. SOUND ALSO TRAVELS QUICKER AT
HIGHER TEMPERATURES.
What is the Makeup of the Human Ear?
The human auditory system can be broken down into three parts:

The outer ear

The outer ear comprises the pinna and the ear canal

The middle ear

The middle ear is the portion of ear internal to the eardrum (tympanic
membrane), and external to the oval window.

The inner ear

The inner ear contains the vestibular system and cochlea.
The correct reflection of
sound is critical to the
experience of a space,
particularly when avoiding
electrical amplification.
Stable and non-vibrating
surfaces are ideal to carry
the sound waves to the
audience.
REFLECTION
 By capturing sound waves,
absorbing surfaces will shorten
the reverberation time, and also
reduce disturbing noises.
Absorption and reflection work
together; optimal combinations
create harmonious sound
experiences.
ABSORPTION
 An important aspect of building
acoustics, sound transmission is
the transfer of sound through
materials. Sound insulation in
wall and ceiling cladding can
help isolate sound waves, and
therefore reduce transmission,
minimising noises in adjacent
rooms.
TRANSMISSION
 Diffraction happens when sound
waves bend around obstacles and
travel beyond small openings. As it
is more pronounced with long
wavelengths, low frequency
sounds are heard clearer past
barriers than high frequencies,
improving the experienced sound
quality.
DIFFRACTION
Reflecting and dispersing
the sound waves, diffusion
can create depth and
improve the overall sound
experience of a room, if
used correctly. It reduces
echoes and makes rooms
feel larger.
DIFFUSION
Recall
THANK
YOU