FINAL

ACADEMIC YEAR 2024 – 2025

2nd Semester
Learning Outcomes

At the end of this topics the student, should be able to;

1. Simulate a ship-to-shore (company) communication to secure additional

guidance and support in addressing a case of personnel injury due to a
simulated fire emergency.

2. Evaluate the implementation of the plan for the entry to and rescue of a person
in a smoke-congested area during a fire emergency as against the set objectives
using a feedback loop and feed-forward mechanism.

DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and the word FALSE if
the statement is incorrect. Write your answer on the space provided before the
number.

_____1. During ship-to-shore communication, providing a clear and detailed situation

report (SITREP) is optional when requesting guidance in a fire emergency.

_____2. The primary purpose of ship-to-shore communication during an emergency

is to inform the company about the incident without seeking any further
assistance or advice.

_____3. In a fire emergency involving personnel injury, requesting medical advice or

guidance on potential evacuation is an essential part of ship-to-shore
communication.

_____4. Communication during emergencies should focus only on reporting the

current situation without addressing future risks or potential complications.

_____5. The effectiveness of ship-to-shore communication can impact the speed

and quality of response provided by the company in managing the fire
emergency and injured personnel.

_____6. A feed-forward mechanism involves analyzing previous incidents to assess

what went wrong after a rescue operation is complete.

_____7. Evaluating the rescue plan using feedback and feed-forward mechanisms
helps identify gaps in training and resource availability.

_____8. Feedback loops focus only on correcting errors after the event, while feed-
forward mechanisms focus on anticipating potential challenges before they
occur.

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_____9. Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the rescue plan in a smoke-
congested area is unnecessary if the personnel is safely evacuated.

_____10. A feedback loop evaluates past actions and their outcomes to improve
future decision-making and rescue strategies.

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 Introduction

The focus is on simulating a ship-to-shore communication where the vessel’s

crew seeks additional guidance and support from the company’s shore-based team
to manage a critical situation involving a personnel injury resulting from a simulated
fire emergency.

Effective communication during such emergencies is vital to ensure the safety

of the injured crew member and the overall stability of the vessel. The ship’s crew
will provide a clear and concise situation report (SITREP) detailing the fire incident,
the nature and severity of the injury, and the immediate actions taken to stabilize the
situation.

Additionally, they will request medical advice, potential evacuation

procedures, and guidance on compliance with safety protocols and documentation.
This exercise highlights the importance of maintaining calm, accurate, and efficient
communication during emergencies to facilitate timely decision-making and ensure
the best possible outcome for the affected personnel.

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 THE IMPORTANCE OF SHIP-SHORE COMMUNICATION IN
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Effective communication between ships and shore facilities is crucial in the

maritime industry, especially when it comes to personnel management and
addressing emergencies on board. Ship-shore communication serves as a lifeline,
ensuring that timely information is exchanged to safeguard the well-being of crew
members and maintain operational efficiency.

One of the key roles of ship-shore communication is to facilitate personnel

management. This includes the coordination of crew schedules, training, and
performance evaluations. By maintaining open lines of communication, shore-based
management can provide support to ship personnel, ensuring that they are well-
informed and adequately trained to handle their responsibilities. Effective
communication helps to minimize misunderstandings and fosters a collaborative
work environment, which is essential for the safety and effectiveness of maritime
operations.

In emergency situations, such as personnel injury due to a fire on board, ship-

shore communication becomes even more vital. When an emergency occurs, the
ship's crew must act quickly to manage the situation while ensuring the safety of all
personnel. In such cases, the crew can initiate communication with shore-based
support to secure additional guidance and resources. For instance, if a fire
emergency arises, the crew can report the situation to the shore-based emergency
response team. This communication can include critical information such as the
nature of the fire, the location, and the number of personnel affected.
To simulate a ship-to-shore communication during a fire emergency, consider the
following example:

Ship Communication to Shore:

Vessel Name: Ocean Voyager

Date: [Insert Date]
Time: [Insert Time]
To: Shore Emergency Response Team
Subject: Personnel Injury Report Due to Fire Emergency

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Message:

Dear Emergency Response Team,

We are currently experiencing a fire in the engine room of the Ocean

Voyager. The crew has initiated emergency procedures and is attempting to control
the fire. However, we have two crew members who require immediate medical
attention due to smoke inhalation.

We request your guidance on the following:

1. Additional firefighting resources to assist our crew.

2. Medical personnel to be on standby for the injured crew members upon our
return to shore.
3. Any specific protocols you recommend we follow during this emergency.

We will provide updates every 10 minutes until the situation is under control. Thank
you for your immediate attention.

Sincerely,
Captain [Insert Name]
Ocean Voyager

This simulated communication demonstrates how vital it is to have effective

ship-shore communication during emergencies. By clearly articulating the situation
and requesting specific assistance, the crew can enhance their chances of managing
the emergency effectively and ensuring the safety of all personnel involved.

In conclusion, ship-shore communication plays a critical role in personnel

management and emergency response in the maritime industry. By fostering a
culture of open communication, maritime organizations can enhance safety, improve
operational efficiency, and ensure that crew members receive the necessary support
in both routine and emergency situations.

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 Effective communication between ships and shore facilities is crucial in the
maritime industry, especially when it comes to personnel management and
addressing emergencies on board. Ship-shore communication serves as a lifeline,
ensuring that timely information is exchanged to safeguard the well-being of crew
members and maintain operational efficiency.

One of the key roles of ship-shore communication is to facilitate personnel

management. This includes the coordination of crew schedules, training, and
performance evaluations. By maintaining open lines of communication, shore-based
management can provide support to ship personnel, ensuring that they are well-
informed and adequately trained to handle their responsibilities. Effective
communication helps to minimize misunderstandings and fosters a collaborative
work environment, which is essential for the safety and effectiveness of maritime
operations.

In emergency situations, such as personnel injury due to a fire on board, ship-

shore communication becomes even more vital. When an emergency occurs, the
ship's crew must act quickly to manage the situation while ensuring the safety of all
personnel. In such cases, the crew can initiate communication with shore-based
support to secure additional guidance and resources. For instance, if a fire
emergency arises, the crew can report the situation to the shore-based emergency
response team. This communication can include critical information such as the
nature of the fire, the location, and the number of personnel affected.

COURSE CODE: MGNT Page 6 of 18 A.Y. 2024-2025 / 2nd Semester

ACTIVITY I

Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the correct words.

1. Ship-shore communication is essential for________ management in the

maritime industry.
2. Effective communication helps to minimize ________ and fosters collaboration.
3. In an emergency, the ship's crew must act quickly to ensure the safety of all
____________.
4. Shore-based management can provide support to ship personnel by
maintaining open lines of ______________.
5. The crew can report critical information, such as the nature and location of a
fire, to the shore-based _______________ team.

Word Bank:

misunderstandings, communication, personnel,

emergency response, personnel

Multiple Choice Questions: Choose the correct answer from the choices for each
question.

1. What is one of the key roles of ship-shore communication?

a. Reducing fuel consumption
b. Facilitating personnel management
c. Improving ship design
d. Enhancing passenger comfort

2. Why is it important to maintain open lines of communication between ship

personnel and shore-based management?
a. To increase the ship's speed
b. To ensure that crew members are well-informed and trained
c. To decorate the ship
d. To enhance the ship's appearance

3. During an emergency, what should the ship's crew report to the shore-based
team?
a. The ship's menu
b. The current weather conditions
c. Critical information about the emergency
d. The ship's entertainment schedule

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 4. What type of emergencies might require ship-shore communication?
a. Sports events c. Movie screenings
b. Fire on board d. Concerts

5. What can ship-shore communication help enhance in maritime operations?

a. Passenger entertainment
b. Operational efficiency and safety
c. Ship's interior design
d. Cargo capacity

Open Ended Questions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences:

1. Explain how ship-shore communication contributes to the safety of crew

members.

2. Describe a scenario where ship-shore communication would be critical during

an emergency.

3. What are some potential consequences of poor communication between a ship

and shore facilities?

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 Introduction

Understanding situation awareness, risk assessment, and decision-making

techniques is essential for ensuring safety and operational efficiency in the maritime
industry. Onboard a ship, crew members must be constantly aware of their
surroundings, identify potential hazards, and assess risks to prevent accidents and
emergencies.

Effective situation awareness involves gathering accurate information about

the vessel’s status, environmental conditions, and crew activities to anticipate
potential threats. Risk assessment allows the crew to evaluate the severity and
likelihood of identified hazards, enabling them to implement appropriate control
measures. In high-pressure situations, strong decision-making techniques are critical
for taking swift and informed actions that minimize risk and ensure the safety of the
crew, vessel, and environment. Mastering these techniques empowers maritime
personnel to respond effectively to dynamic challenges, enhancing overall
operational resilience and safety at sea.

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 UNDERSTANDING SITUATION, RISK ASSESSMENT, AND
DECISION-MAKING TECHNIQUES

Introduction to Decision - Making Styles

Decision-making is a crucial skill in both personal and professional contexts.

Different individuals have different decision-making styles, which can significantly
affect outcomes. Understanding these styles can enhance your ability to collaborate
and communicate effectively. The primary decision-making styles include:

1. Analytical: Analytical decision-makers rely on data and thorough analysis.

They often seek out detailed information and prefer to evaluate every possible
option before making a choice.

2. Directive: Directive decision-makers are fast-paced and focused on producing

results. They often make decisions based on their intuition and past
experiences, sometimes disregarding additional data.

3. Conceptual: Conceptual decision-makers take a creative approach. They are

big-picture thinkers who consider multiple perspectives and long-term
implications. This style encourages brainstorming and innovative solutions.

4. Behavioral: Behavioral decision-makers prioritize relationships and the well-

being of others. They often consult with team members and value consensus
over individual authority.

Understanding your decision-making style and the styles of others can improve
teamwork and lead to better outcomes in group settings.

The Concept and Purpose of Situation and Risk Assessments

Situation and risk assessments are systematic processes used to identify

potential hazards, evaluate risks, and determine the best course of action. These
assessments are vital in various scenarios, particularly in emergency management.

Purpose of Situation Assessment

A situation assessment involves gathering and analyzing information about

the current environment, including available resources, threats, and constraints. The
objective is to gain a clear understanding of the circumstances before making
decisions. Key components include:

 Data Collection: Gathering relevant information from various sources.

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  Stakeholder Analysis: Identifying individuals or groups affected by the
situation.

 Contextual Understanding: Assessing the broader context, including social,

economic, and political factors.

Purpose of Risk Assessment

Risk assessment focuses on identifying potential risks and their impacts. This
process involves:

 Hazard Identification: Recognizing potential sources of harm.

 Risk Analysis: Evaluating the likelihood and consequences of identified

hazards.

 Risk Evaluation: Determining whether risks are acceptable and prioritizing

them based on severity.

By conducting thorough situation and risk assessments, individuals and

organizations can make informed decisions that minimize negative outcomes.

Generation and Identification of Options

Once assessments are complete, the next step is generating and identifying
options. This involves brainstorming potential solutions or actions that can address
the identified risks and improve the situation.

Brainstorming Techniques

1. Mind Mapping: Visual representation of ideas that helps in identifying

connections and generating new thoughts.

2. SWOT Analysis: Evaluating strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

related to a particular option.

3. Delphi Method: Gathering input from a panel of experts to reach a consensus

on potential solutions.

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Prioritizing Options

After generating a list of options, it is essential to evaluate them based on

criteria such as feasibility, cost, and potential impact. This evaluation helps
determine which options to pursue further.

Risk-Based Decision-Making Approach

A risk-based decision-making approach integrates risk assessment findings

into the decision-making process. This method ensures that decisions are made with
an understanding of potential risks and their implications.

Steps in a Risk-Based Approach

1. Identify Risks: Use situation and risk assessments to gather data about
potential hazards.

2. Evaluate Options: Assess the generated options against the identified risks
and their potential impacts.

3. Make Decisions: Choose the option that best balances the benefits and risks.

4. Implement the Decision: Execute the chosen course of action while

monitoring for unforeseen issues.

5. Review and Adapt: Continually assess the outcome and make adjustments as
necessary.

This iterative process helps organizations remain agile and responsive to changing
circumstances.

Evaluation of Outcome Effectiveness

Evaluating the effectiveness of decisions is critical in understanding their

impact and improving future decision-making processes. This involves using a
feedback loop and feed-forward mechanism.

Feedback Loop

A feedback loop is the process of gathering information after implementing a

decision to assess its effectiveness. This includes:

 Outcome Measurement: Analyzing whether the objectives were met.

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  Lessons Learned: Identifying what worked well and what did not.

 Stakeholder Feedback: Collecting input from those affected by the decision.

Feed-Forward Mechanism

The feed-forward mechanism involves using insights from past experiences to

inform future decisions. This may include:

 Best Practices: Documenting effective strategies for future reference.

 Training and Development: Providing education on successful decision-

making processes.

 Scenario Planning: Anticipating potential future challenges based on past

experiences.

By integrating feedback and feed-forward mechanisms, organizations can

continuously improve their decision-making processes.

Conclusion

Understanding situation, risk assessments, and decision-making techniques is

essential for effective leadership and management. By evaluating decision-making
styles, conducting comprehensive assessments, generating viable options, and
implementing a risk-based approach, individuals can enhance their ability to make
informed decisions. Furthermore, utilizing feedback loops and feed-forward
mechanisms ensures that past experiences contribute to future successes. This
strategic approach to decision-making fosters resilience and adaptability in an ever-
changing environment.

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ACTIVITY II.

Fill in the Blank: Fill in the blank with the correct words.

1. Analytical decision-makers rely on __________ and thorough analysis.

2. A __________ decision-maker focuses on producing results quickly and often
relies on intuition.
3. Situation assessment involves gathering and analyzing information about the
current ____________.
4. __________ analysis evaluates strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats.
5. A feedback loop involves gathering information after implementing a decision
to assess its ______________.

Word bank:

EFFECTIVENESS, SWOT, DATA, ENVIRONMENT, DIRECTIVE

Multiple Choice Questions: Choose the correct answer from the choices for each
question.

1. Which decision-making style prioritizes relationships and consensus?

a) Analytical c) Conceptual
b) Directive d) Behavioral

2. What is the primary objective of a situation assessment?

a) To identify potential risks
b) To gather and analyze information about the current environment
c) To generate innovative solutions
d) To prioritize options based on cost

3. In a risk-based decision-making approach, which step involves choosing the

option that best balances benefits and risks?
a) Evaluate Options c) Identify Risks
b) Make Decisions d) Implement the Decision

4. Which brainstorming technique involves a visual representation of ideas?

a) Mind Mapping c) SWOT Analysis
b) Delphi Method d) Risk Evaluation

5. What is the purpose of a feed-forward mechanism?

a) To collect stakeholder feedback
b) To document effective strategies for future reference
c) To analyze outcomes against objectives
d) To provide education on successful decision-making processes

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Open Ended Questions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences:

1. Describe the characteristics of a conceptual decision-making style and how it

might be beneficial in a team setting.

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. Explain the importance of stakeholder analysis in a situation assessment.

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. How does using a risk-based decision-making approach help organizations

remain agile and responsive?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

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 POST ASSESSMENT

1. Why is effective ship-to-shore communication important during emergencies

involving personnel injuries, and how does it contribute to crew safety?

___________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. How does the use of a feedback loop help in evaluating the effectiveness of the
rescue plan and making necessary adjustments?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________

COURSE CODE: MGNT Page 2 of 18 A.Y. 2024-2025 / 2nd Semester

REFERENCE

 International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2021). Safety of Life at Sea

(SOLAS) Convention.
 International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2021). International Convention for
the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL).
 Marine Safety Forum. (2019). Guidelines for Effective Crew Training.

 International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2020). Guidelines on Fatigue

Mitigation and Management.
 Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW).
(2010). International Maritime Organization.
 Maritime Labour Convention (MLC). (2006). International Labour Organization.

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