Law Enforcement Administration

RECORDS MANAGEMENT It was established to oversee the records management functions of the DPRM. The RMD shall develop, coordinat d
DIVISION (RMD) implement PNP-wide programs, policies and procedures for creation, usage, maintenance, storage and dispos/ ao
personnel records. The RMD is headed by a division chief wit h a ran k of Police Senior Superintenden t and assisted '~" of
assistant division chief with a rank of Superintendent. y an
RECORDS CREATION Refers to the act of exchanging written ideas between two (2) sources. At this point, t he life of t he record begins. ~
Ho
due to the fast pace at which the records of PNP personnel are created, and the cost involved in maintaining them, a cont~; j
system is necessary.
PNP PERSONNEL FILE Also known as 201 File, is a folder containing a set of personal records and informat ion pertaining to an individual mem~
of the PNP, which serves as basis in availing of service record, leave record, PNP ID, legal beneficia ries, authentication of
photocopies, etc.
• Red, for PCO
• Blue, for PNCO
• Green, for NUP
RECORDS MAINTENANCE Activities involving proper handling of records, arranging them into usable filing sequence, using t he most efficient type of
filing equipment.
RECORDS DISPOSITION Systematic transfer on non-current records from an office to any records storage area, the identification and preservation of
permanent records and the outright destruction of valueless records.
• No PNP personnel or units/offices shall dispose of, destroy or authorize t he disposal or destruction of records or PPFs which
are in the custody or under its control except with the prior written authority of the Executive Director, National Archives of
the Philippines (Section 18, R.A. 9470).

COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING

TYPES OF POLICING SYSTEM IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
UNITED STATES POLICING SYSTEMTYPES OF US POLICE
U.S. Police Agencies
NEW YORK CITY it is where the first full time police force was organized in the United States
New York Police Department the largest police force in the United States
TEXAS RANGER police force originally created in response to colonization
Boston Police Department First local modern police department established in t he United States
PENNSYLVANIA the first state police agency established
STATE POLICE Los Angeles Police Department= police force that hired the first female police officer named, Alice Stebbins Wells

40 NEW CURRICULUM COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE TO CRIMINOLOGY

 Law Enforcement Administration
CANADA ROYAL colloquially known as Mounties and internally as ''The Force" = is the national police force of Canada and one of the most recognized
CANADIAN of its kind in the word being a national, federal ,provincial and municipal policing body. It is founded in 1920 by the Merger of Royal
MOUNTED Northwest Mounted Police (1873) with the Dominion Police (1868).
POLICE (RCMP) = headed by the Commission under the direction of the Minister of Public Safety Canada .
COMMISSIONER highest rank in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Police Constable 4th Class - lowest rank

AUSTRALIA
Australian Police= a progressive and multi-faceted law enforcement organization, taking strong lead in the fight against 21st century crime.
Commissioner= highest rank
Constable= lowest rank
HONG KONG .
Hong Kong Police Force is the largest disciplined service under the In 1969, Queen Elizabeth II granted the Royal Charter to the Hong Kong Police
Security Bureau of Hong Kong. It is the world's second, and Asia's first, Force for their handling of the Hong Kong 1967 riot renaming them: the Royal
police agency to operate with a modern policing system . It was formed Hong Kong Police Force. Following the transfer of sovereignty, the Force is once
on 1 May 1844. again named the Hong Kong Police Force

Structure HKPF The Force is commanded by the Commissioner of Police, who is assisted by two deputy commissioners:
a. Deputy - Operations = supervises all operational matters including crime and
Commissioner
b. Deputy Management= is responsible for the direction and coordination of force management including personnel, training, and
Commissioner management services.
Motto =We Serve with Pride and Care
Hong Kong Police College = s responsible for all matters relating to training within the Hong Kong Police except internal security, Auxiliary and Marine
Police training. Training provided by the Police College includes recruit and continuation training, crime investigation training, police driver training and
weapon tactics training. The information technology training, command training, local and overseas management training, some specialist courses
and periodic courses on firearms and first aid are also provided by the Police College.
TAIWAN -
TAIWAN POLICE FORCE= is the unified police force of Taiwan 1) To maintain public order,
= under the supervision of NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY which is 2) To protect social security,
directly under the MINISTRY OF INTER IOR 3) To prevent all dangers, and

NEW CURRICULUM COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE TO CRIMINOLOGY 41

Law Enforcement Administration
= under effective civilian control FUNCTIONS 4) To promote the welfare of all people.

Are generally referred to those who are required to wear uniforms to carry out duties of household visits patrorr· raid
' ing,
Police guarding, duty officer, and reserves. '
2. Traffic Police The primary duties of the Traffic Police are to keep traffic order, to ensure traffic safety, to prevent traffic accidents
, and to
smooth traffic flow.
3. Special Police Are those who are responsible for protecting the Central Government, establishing contingent plans and assisting local and
specialized police units in maintaining public order
4. Criminal The primary duties of the criminal investigation police are to prevent and detect crimes.
Investigation Police
S. Specialized Police Main duties are to protect state-run enterprises and public facilities like railways, highways, airports, harbors, MRT and Bank of
Taiwan.

MYANMAR
MYANMAR POLICE Formally known as The People's Police Force (Burmese: Py1 Thu Yae Tup Pwe) = established rn 1964 as independent department
FORCE under Ministry of Home Affairs. It was reorganized on !October 1995.There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three
additional State/Division Police Forces Each State and Divisional Police Force consist of four components
ln1uv1'lt:;>1M r-VLl\..ll'IU ;>, ;> 11::,vl

POLRI TERRITORIAL FORCES SPECIAL BRANCHES

1. KEPOLISIAN DAERAH provincial police 1. Brigade Mobile (BRIMOB) = the most militarized trained to deal with mass demonstrations
ORPOLDA = paramilitary role to conduct security, stabilization, operations, and providing security for VIP and
2. KEPOLISIAN WILAYAH regional police vital facilities
ORPOLWIL 2. Anti-Riot Unit (Pasukan Anti Huru-Hura) = received special anti-riot training
3. KEPOLISIAN RESORT OR city police 3. Sea and Air Police= responsible patrolling the airspace
POLRES 4. Plainclothes Unit = assigned in conducting investigations
4. KEPOUSIAN SECTOR OR sub-district S. Maritime Police= responsible in protecting the territorial sea
POLSEK police 6. Anti-Terrorist Unit= trained in counter-terrorism
7. Forensics= in-charged of laboratory examination of evidence

42 NEW CURRICULUM COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE TO CRIMINOLOGY

-------------------------- Law Enforcement Admlnl5tratlon
POLICE RECRUIT VOLUNTEERS
At least sixth-grade education and should pass the competitive examination. After 3 years, personnel with junior secondary diploma could enter
into training to become NCO. RANKING SYSTEM OF PNP
Police General= equivalent of Director General of PNP
second Bhayangkara = equivalent of police officer 1 of the PNP
ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE (RMP: Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia, PDRM) = police force of Malaysla.
✓ Headquarters is located at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur
th
✓ The constitution, control, employment, recruitment, fund, dlscipline, duties and powers of the police force is specified and governed by e
Police Act 1967
Motto= TEGAS, ADIL DAN BERHE MAH= Firm, Fair and Prudent
JAPAN POLICING SYSTEM -
• Kelhoryo (Police Bureau within the Ministry of Home affairs to 1945)
• Japanese Colonial Government= the one which organized the first formal policing In China.
• Japanese Yakuza = considered as the center of Asian organized crime action. ORGANIZATION OF NPAl. National Public Safety Commission = a
government body res ponsible for the administrative supervision of the police. Under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister
ORGANIZATIONS ATTACHED TO THE NPA
JAPAN NATIONAL A totally gun less police force, except for Its special attack team.
POLICE AGENCY
(NPA) a. Natlonal Police Agency= provides training to police officers and conduct academic research
b. National Research Institute of Pollce Science = conducts research in police science
c. Imperial Guards= provides escort to the Emperor, Empress, Crown Prince and other Imperial family.
= responsible for the security of Imperial Palace
REGIONAL POLICE ✓ Exercise control and supervision over regional police offices and provides support with the prefectural police.
BUREAU ✓ Director General= heads each Regional Bureau acting upon orders from the Commission General of the NPA.
✓ Rqlonal Police Bureau= the local organizations to carry out part of the NPA' s functions. There are about 7 Bureaus In the
major cities except for Tokyo and Hokkaido where In Tokyo, Metropolitan Police department (headed by Superintendent
General) has long been established and shares the same location with the NPA. Prefectural Police has the whole of Hokkaido
under Its j urisdiction.
PREFECTURAL ✓ Administrative commission functioning under the representative system which supervise the prefectural police. Under the
PUBLIC SAFETY Jurisdiction of the Governor. Though not empowered to give order to the Commission.
COMMISSION (PPSC)

NEW CURRICULUM COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE TO CRIMINOLOGY 43

 Law Enforcement Administration
resfd
KOBAN ✓ A system of policing adopted in Japan, a substation near major transportat ion hubs and shopping area sand in
ent1a1
districts which forms the first line of police response to the public.
) bo
✓ Koban usually staffed by 3-5 officers and about 7000 residential police boxes (Chuzaisho- staffed by a single officer. A Ut
20 % of police is assigned to Koban.

of
MINISTRY OF NATIONAL is the top of the hierarchy with judicial and public security agencies such as Ministry of Public safety and the Ministry
DEFENSE State Security
law
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC Is the principal police authority of the mainland of the People's Republic of China which oversee the day-to-day
SECURITY enforcemen t (It is the equivalent of the National Police Agency in Japan).
MINISTRY OF STATE The Chinese governmen t's largest and most active foreign intelligence agency, though it is also involved In domestic
security matters.
SECURITY

KINDS OF POLICE
Usually
1. PEOPLE'S ARMED 1980's deals with domestic disturbances, acts as riot police and guard's governmen t compounds and foreign embassies.
POLICE (PAP), handles border defense but is called sometimes to back up local police.

Security and
2. STATE SECURITY (1983) safeguards state security, prevent foreign espionage, sabotage and conspiracies . Under the Ministry of State
POLICE directly accountable to the State council
the leadership
3. PRISON POLICE A part of the correctional arm of the overall police system stationed in prisons and correction units. This is under
of the Ministry of Justice.
sentences
4. JUDICIAL POLICE responsible for maintaining the security and order in courts and serving instruments and some also executing death
taxes and fines and
S. QUASI PARAPOLICE Operate in many places and hired by officials to help carry out some unpopular actions such as collecting
("CHENG GUAN") ousting peasants from seized land. Special Police College
=conducts nationwide recruitmen t once a year.
IIWl1'911!111
Ct:N I KAL IVIILI I AKY COMMISSION

RANK SYSTEM IN CHINA

equivalent of Director General In the PNP
Constable 2nd Class = equivalent of Police Officer 1 in the PNP

44 NEW CURRICULUM COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE TO CRIMINOLOGY

■--------------------------
Law Enforc ement Admin istratio n
THAILAND POLICE SYSTEM
th M 1nistry of
ROYALT HAI POLICE Farmer IY known as THAILAND NATIONAL POLICE DEPARTMENT (TNPD) In 1998, TNPD was transferre dfram e
The position of
Interior of Thailand to be directly under the Office of the Prime Minister using the name Royal Thai Police.
of th e Royal
its supreme head was changed from that of the Director-Ge neral of the TNPD to the Commission er-General
Thai Police
ROYAL THAI POLICE Based in Bangkok
HEADQUARTERS
POLICE-GENERAL Highest rank of the Royal Thai Police Policeman/
CONSTABLE Lowest rank

BRUNEI POLICE SYSTEM

law and order and providing law enforceme nt
• Royal Brunei Police Force (Polis Diraja Brunei - PDRB) = created in 1921 which is responsible for keeping
services throughout Brunei
• Inspector-General of Police = highest rank
• Lance Corporal = lowest rank

PHILIPPINE POLICE SYSTEM - •

• During the Spanish Regime

• Maintenance of law and order is a part of the military system for the defense of the colony;
nt s; (pol icemen in appea r ance yet
• Locally organized police forces although performing civil duties is a direct adjunct of the colonial military establishme
colonial soldiers in the ultimate sense.
of local or petty uprising by spying upon the
Police functions consisted mainly of (1) suppression of brigandage by patrolling unsettled areas; (2) detection
work and movements of the people and;( 3) the enforcemen t of tax collection including church revenues.
1852,
• Cuardilleros = a body of rural police • Carabineros De Seguridad Publica = •Gurdia Civil= Created by Roya l decree on February 12,
the Spanish peninsula troops of their works
organized in each town established by Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying to partially relieve
Royal decree of Jan. 8, 1836. It mandates the regulations of the Departmen t of State. in policing towns . It is consisted of a body of Filipino policemen
in each of the provincia l capital of the
that 5% of the able-bodied male This was armed and considered as the organized originally
inhabitants of each province where to be mounted police who later discharged the province of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor.)
enlisted in this police organizatio n for 3 duties of a port, harbor and river police. It United Nations= officially came into existence on October 24
years. These services are originally not was later given special commission by Royal 1945 = Coined by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevel;

NEW CURRICULUM COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE TO CRIMINO LOGY 45

 Law Enforcement Administration
paid or gratuitous subject to some Decree of December 20, 1842 and it was in the declaration by United Nation. This declarat·
10n wasm
privileges although in some province they called - Cuerco De Seguridad Publlca (Corps to officially state the Cooperation of the allies (G . ade
. . reat Bnta·
received a proportionate pay ranging of Crabbiness for Public Security). the United States, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Re u .in,
Branches of UN P bhcs)
from 4 .00 to 8.00 depending on their
venue collection.

1. UN general Assembly = this is the main decision- making and a. Dellberatlve = initiating studies and making recommendations for the
representative assembly in the UN through its policies and development of international law
recommendations. It is composed of all member states, is headed by a b. Supervisory = receiving and considering annual and special reports from
president elected from the member states, and meets from September another organs
to December Functions of General Assembly c. Financial= approval and apportionment of budget
d. Elective = election of non-permanent members of the Security Council
e. Constituent= admissions of members and the amendments of the charter
2. UN Security Council = is another branch in the organization of the UN and is the most powerful of all the branches.
FUNCTIONS
=
a. Preventive Action consist of provisional measures to prevent a conflict from worsening, and may involve the deployment of PEACEKEEPING AND
OBSERVER missions
=
b. Enforcement Action consist of deployment of air, sea and land 1. China 4. United Kingdom
forces Five Permanent Members of Security Council 2. France 5. United States
3. Russia
• The other 10 members are rotating or elective members for a period of two years by the General Assembly
3. International Court of Justice= located in The Hague, Netherlands. This branch is responsible for the judicial matters of the UN.
=
4. Secretariat= its main responsibility is providing studies, information, and other data neededS. Economic and Social Council consists of 45 members
elected by the General Assembly for a 3-year term.
EFFORTS ARE TOWARDS THE FOLLOWING:
a. Higher standards of ltvmg
b. Condition of economic and social progress and development
c. Solutions of international economic, social, health and related problems
d. Universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms

46 NEW CURRICULUM COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE TO CRIMINOLOGY

 tion
.
Law Enforcement Administra
ste esh ip Co un cil= ass·ists the Se cur ity Cou .1 tional Trusteeship System
6. Tru
· nci and the gen eraI assembly .in the administration of the Interna
ARTER -- ·t
·
1 .is cIose st to a const1tut1on tha t ba sica
· 11 r •
Y governs the Ia ions of inte rna tion al persons. Technically, it is a Treaty
.
UN CH re

eemen rna tion al law, wh eth er

INTERPOL's Structure TREATY = an inte rna tion al agr n cluded between states in wri tte n for m and sworn by inte
. t co n. INTERPOL
• General Ass em bly em bod ied in a single ins tru 1 re ins trum ent s and wh ate ver its particular designatio
me t ~r ~ two ~r mo nife st global
Int erp ol (19 23) = (In ter n t' es organization tha t prim aril y ma
• Executive Co mm itte e ~- ion~ Cnmma~ Police Organi
zat ion ) is the pol ice forc
or inte rna tion al coo ated in Vienna Austria (it
• General Se cre tar iat g tra~ sna tion al crim e. Its headquarters was init iall y loc
m addressin
is wh ere Int erp ol w!e ;:u~ odn sferred to Lyon France
• National Ce ntr al Bureaus. . th ed) bu t at present it Is tran It exists to help create a
ise rs
INT ER PO L -
- is e wo rld 's larg est · t ·
atio nal pol
•
ice org ani zat ion , wit h 190 me mb er countries.
• Adv . in ern
saf er wo rld b com bat crime.
• The Co mm iss ion for the enf orc em ent agencies wo rldw ide to vices
INT ER PO L's File s. • I t
.
aim s to fac
Y ~~ ppo
ilita te
~in
mte
g law
rna ti I po
rice co-operation, and supports and assists all organizations, authorities and ser
.
Control of h . . . ona
= the firs t n is to pre ven t or com bat inte rna l crime. . . . . . the
• Os kar Dre ssl er w ose mis sio
enf o t . .
tha t ser ves as transm1 ss1 on or com mu nic atio n lme for
era l of the • Th e org ani zat ion of law rce me n age ncie s wo rldw ide ·
secretary gen · ong the me mb er countries.
han ge of info rm atio n , da ta and request f or assistance between and am nt groups; and (3)
Interpol. exc
tion al crim es; (2) pro tec t minorities against the dom ina
• Johann Schober = the firs
t crimes and transna
• It. focuses on: (1) Co mb at
regardless of race or religion.
president of the Int erp ol. Ma int ain law enf orc em ent

view to extradition.
vis ion al arr est of wa nte d persons wit h a
is issued to seek the arr est or pro inal investigation .
1. Red No tice - a no tice wh ich ntif y or obt ain info rma tion on a person of inte res t in a crim
loc ate , ide
no tice is issued in ord er to ered to be a possible thr eat to
public safety .
2. Blue No tice - this typ e of ies if tha t per son is con sid
ou t a per son 's crim ina l act ivit unable to ide ntif y themselves.
3. Green No tice - to wa rn ab s, oft en min ors , or to hel p ide ntif y persons who are
ate mis sin g per son
4. Yellow No tice - to he lp loc uni den tifie d bodies
ued to see k inf orm ati on on s or pro per ty.
5. Black No tice - a no tice iss s rep res ent ing an imm ine nt thr eat and danger to person
jec t or a proces
of an eve nt, a per son , an ob lment methods used by crim
inals.
6. Orange No tice -to wa rn mo dus ope ran di, objects, devices and concea
pro vid e inf orm ati on on ject to UN san ctio ns.
7. Purple No tice - iss ued to ed for ind ivid uals and entities tha t are sub
s Se cur ity Co unc il Special No
tic e- is issu TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
8. INTERPOL-United Na tion LTI LAT ER AL INT ER NATIO NAL COOPERATION AGAINST
L AND MU
NELS OF GLOBAL BILATERA
THE FOLLOWING ARE CHAN
rat ion via Int erp ol;
• Global mu lti- late ral coo pe states;
agr eem ent s wit h ind ivid ual
• Bila ter al pol ice coo pe rat ion
pe rat ion via Eu rop ol
• European mu ltila ter al coo
47
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE TO CRIMINOLOGY
NEW CURRICULUM
Law Enforcement Administration

• Problem Oriented Policing

• Community Oriented Policing
• Coo eratlve Policing

1. Secure Global Police Communications Services INTERPOL developed the 1-24/7 global police communications system to exchange crucial data quickly and
securel is a cornerstone of effective International law enforcement.
2. Operational Data Services and Databases for Police INTERPOL provides operational data services and databases for police to fight international crim
police need access to Information, which can assist Investigations or help prevent crime. INTERPOL manages several data bases, accessible to the INTERP;l
bureaus In all member countries through its 1-24/7.
3. Operational a. 24-Hour Support
Pollce Support The Command and Co-ordination Centre (CCC) operates round the clock in all of INTERPOL's four official languages (English, French,
Services Spanish and Arabic) and serves as the first point of contact for any member country faced with a crisis situation.
b. Crisis Response and Major Events
In the event of a disaster or major crime, INTERPOL Response Teams or Disaster Victim Identification teams composed of officers from
the General Secretariat and member countries can be dispatched to the scene within hours of an event.
c. International Alert System
An important component of INTERPOL's operational police support is the notice system, of which the Red Notice for wanted persons~
the most well-known. In addition to the six color-coded notices (Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Black and Orange), is the INTERPOL-United
Nations Special Notice issued for groups or individuals who are the targets of UN sanctions against Al Qaeda and the Taliban.
d. Analyzing Crime Data
Criminal intelligence analysis is recognized by the law enforcement community as a valuable tool, helping to provide timely warning
of threats and operational police activities. INTERPOL contributes to investigations by assisting officers working at the General
Secretariat and in member countries with research and analysis on crime trends and with training courses in criminal analysis techniques.
DIVISIONS OF A. Operational Analysis= alms to achieve a specific law enforcement outcome. Usually, it has immediate benefit
CRIMINAL B. Strategic Analysis = provides early warning signals of threats and to support decision making in setting priorities to deal with criminal
INTELLIGENCE Issues
ANALYSIS: 4. Pollce Training and Development- As one of the 4 INTERPOL core functions, Police Training and Development continues to evolve as
a priority for INTERPOL and member countries. ASEAN NATIONAL POLICE (ASEANAPOL) 1981 (Manila) = the first formal meeting ofThe·

48 NEW CURRICULUM COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE TO CRIMINOLOGY

 Law Enforcement Administration
Chiefs of ASEAN Police= Attended by 5 original member countries (Indonesia Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) FIVE OTHER
MEMBERS '
1. Brunei
2. Myanmar
3. Cambodia
4. Vietnam
5. Lao IMPORTANT DATES
• 1983 (Jakarta) = Endorsement of the model & design of ASEANAPOL logo
• 1984 (Kuala Lumpur)= Royal Brunei Police became a member and joined the annual conference
• 1996 (Kuala Lumpur)= Vietnam joined as a new member
• 1998 (Brunei)= Laos joined ASEANAPOL
• 2000 (Myanmar) = Myanmar became the 10th country to joined as a new member
• 2005 (Bali)= the setting up of a working group to consider the viability of establishing a permanent
ASEANAPOL Secretariat= Silver Jubilee Commemoration of ASEANAPOL
• 2008 (Brunei)= The Royal Malaysia Police was chosen as a host of permanent ASEANAPOL Secretariat
• 2009 (Vietnam) = Adoption of Terms of Reference (TOR)
• 2010 = On 1st January 2010 commencement of ASEANAPOL Secretariat in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

1. ASEANAPOL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE = 2. ASEANAPOL PERMANENT SECRETARIAT= is on rotational basis w ith member countries taking turn to host
comprise of deputy heads of delegation the ASEANAPOL conference and automatically assume the role of the secretariat for the current year. =
attending the annual ASEANAPOL headed by executive director and assisted by 2 directors Tenure of Services
conference. It provides a summary report of a. Executive Director - 2 years
the activities of the Secretariat to the Head b. Directors - 3 years (one for Police Services and one for Plans and Programs
of the Delegation • During the 29th ASEANAPOL Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2009, the Terms of Reference on the
establishment of ASEANAPOL Secretariat was finally endorsed. Kuala Lumpur was made the permanent seat.
• The ASEANAPOL Secretariat started its operation fully on January 1, 2010

NEW CURRICULUM COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW GUIDE TO CRIMINOLOGY 49