GOKHALE EDUCATION SOCIETY

SIR DR. M.S.GOSAVI POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

Project Report on
“Report on The importance of recycling of waste management”
Submitted to partial fulfillment of requirement of the award of
DIPLOMA IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted to
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION MUMBAI
Submitted by
Name of student:- Prasad .P. Ahire
Enrollment No:- 2218000005

Guided by
( Prof. P.R.SAKHARE)
 Gokhale Education Society’s
Sir Dr. M. S. Gosavi Polytechnic Institute,
Nashik Road, Nashik

CERTIFICATE
This is to Certified that the project report entitled “Report on The importance of recycling
of waste management” Was successfully completed by Student of fifth semester Diploma in
( Civil Engineering).
Name of students :- Prasad P Ahire
Enrollment No. 2218000005
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Diploma in ( Civil Engineering )
and submitted to the guide of (Prof.P. R.Sakhre) of Gokhale Education Society’s Sir Dr. M.S.
Gosavi Polytechnic Institute Nashik work carried out during a period for the academic year
2024-25 as per curriculum .

Name of Guide Name of HOD

(Prof. P.R.Sakhre) Prof.L.K.Waghulde

Principal
 INTRODUCTION

In today's world, where environmental concerns are growing more urgent, effective waste
management has become essential for sustainable living. At the heart of waste management
lies recycling — a crucial practice that helps reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills,
conserves natural resources, saves energy, and minimizes pollution. Recycling not only
supports environmental protection but also plays a key role in promoting economic growth
through the creation of green jobs and industries. By transforming waste materials into usable
products, recycling extends the life cycle of resources and helps build a circular economy.
Understanding and prioritizing recycling is vital for individuals, communities, and
governments striving to create a cleaner, healthier planet for future generations.
 Waste Management
Waste management can be defined as all the activities that are required to manage waste from
the point of collecting the waste to recycling and monitoring.
Waste in waste management refers to unwanted or unusable material that is produced through
the activity of humans and can have different forms. Waste can be liquid, solid, or gas with
each having its disposal method and way of managing the waste
.Besides the state of the matter, there are also different types of waste, such as household,
biological, commercial and industrial waste. Some types of waste can form a threat to the
environment and human health, such as radioactive and chemical waste. These types of waste
are called hazardous waste.

 Classification of waste
There may be different types of waste such as Domestic waste, Factory waste ,Waste from oil
factory, E-waste, Construction waste, Agricultural waste, Food processing waste, Bio-medical
waste, Nuclear waste, Slaughter house waste etc.
 Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household waste etc.
 E-waste- discarded electronic devices such as computer, TV, music systems etc.
 Liquid waste- water used for different industries, tanneries, distilleries, thermal power
plants
 Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, bucket, etc. Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal
scraps etc.
 Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plants Further we can group all
these types of waste into wet waste (Biodegradable) and dry waste (Non Biodegradable)
  Wet waste (Biodegradable) includes the following:

Wet waste (Biodegradble)

 Kitchen waste including food waste of all kinds, cooked and uncooked, includingeggshells
and bones
 Flower and fruit waste including juice peels and house-plant waste
 Garden sweeping or yard waste consisting of green/dry leaves
 Sanitary wastes
 Green waste from vegetable & fruit vendors/shops
 Waste from food & tea stalls/shops etc
 Dry waste (Non-biodegradable) includes the following:

Dry waste (Non- biodegradable)

 Paper and plastic, all kinds Cardboard and cartons Containers of all kinds excluding
those containing hazardous material
 Packaging of all kinds Glass of all kinds Metals of all kinds Rags, rubber House
sweeping (dust etc.)
 Ashes Foils, wrappings, pouches, sachets and tetra packs (rinsed) Discarded electronic
items from offices, colonies viz. cassettes, computer diskettes, printer cartridges and
electronic parts.
 Discarded clothing, furniture and equipment

In addition to the above wastes, another type of waste called Domestic Hazardous Waste may
also be generated at the household level. These include used aerosol cans, batteries, and
household kitchen and drain cleaning agents, car batteries and car care products, cosmetic items,
chemical-based insecticides/pesticides, light bulbs, tube-lights and compact fluorescent lamps
(CFL), paint, oil, lubricant and their empty containers. Waste that is considered hazardous is
first required by the EPA to meet the legal definition of solid waste. The EPA incorporates
hazardous waste into three categories. The first category are source-specific wastes, the second
category is nonspecific wastes, and third, commercial chemical products. Generally, hazardous
waste is waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the environment.
Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludge. They can be discarded commercial
products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides, or the by-products of manufacturing processes (EPA
Wastes Website, 2010).
 Similarly there is Non Hazardous waste . There are many definitions of hazardous and non-
hazardous waste within the US federal government, states and industry groups. The Department
of Defense (DOD) and The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) define waste as the
extravagant, careless, or needless expenditure of DOD funds or the consumption of DOD
property that results from deficient practices, systems, controls, or decisions. In addition, abuse
is the manner in which resources or programs are managed that creates or perpetuates waste
and it includes improper practices not involving prosecutable fraud (EPA Wastes Website,
2010).
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines solid non hazardous waste as any garbage
or refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air
pollution control facility and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or
contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural
operations, and from community activities (EPA Wastes Website, 2010). The definition of non-
hazardous waste can also include financial waste. In 2009 the US Presidential Executive Order,
Reducing Improper Payments and Eliminating Waste in Federal Programs was initiated to
eliminate payment error, waste, fraud and abuse in major Federal government programs due to
public zero tolerance of fraud, waste and abuse. This Executive Order is based upon a
transparent, participatory and collaborative comprehensive framework between the government
and public.

 Waste Generation

in India is experiencing population explosion and direct effect of this population growth is rapid
urbanization. The population of India is 1354 million in 2018 [4], compared with 1028million
in 2001. Population growth is directly corelated to increased solid waste generation as the
population increase demand for resources increases this generates wastes as their by product
 Growth of Urban Agglomerations in India
Trends suggest that 50 per cent of India s population will live in the urban areas by 2050.Large
urban agglomerations face challenges of effective waste management, with the quantities being
beyond the assimilative capacity of the indigenous infrastructure and management capacities of
environmental sinks [5]. Tremendous growth of 75.8% in number of urban agglomerations from
1901 to 2011 as shown in figure 2. A staggering 81 per cent of the total Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW) in India is generated in the Class-I cities of the country. (Swachh Bharat Mission: Solid
Waste Management Manual, 2016) This is predicted to go up from the current per capita
generation of 0.2-0.6kg (CPHEEO manual) in typical Indian cities, in the coming year

 Waste generation and characteristics

Estimating the quantity and characteristics of MSW in India and forecasting waste generation
is fundamental to successful waste management planning [6]. The quantity of MSW generated
depends on various contributing factors like living standards, type of commercial activities and
their scale , individual , choice of the society like eating habit , reuse and recycling etc

Waste generation rate depends on many factors, such as population density, economic status,
per capita income, economic development and industrial development, cultural and individual
behaviour of the society. Figure 3 provides data on MSW generation in different states,
indicating high waste generation in Maharashtra (21867 tonnes per day), Tamil Nadu
(14500tonnes per day), Gujarat (10480 tonnes per day), Karnataka (8697 tonnes per day),
Delhi(8370 tonnes per day). Lowest waste generation occurs in Arunachal Pradesh (13 tonnes
per day), Lakshadweep (21 tonnes per day), Sikkim (49 tonnes per day), Daman & Diu
(85tonnes per day).

 The Importance of Waste Management to Environmental Sanitation

Waste management is important because it helps in maintaining the cleanliness of the whole
world. It needs to be practiced because the entire population s health and protection depend on
it.
Another reason is that this is a good way to execute waste recycling management through
recycling; wastes will be reduced and can lessen the need for landfilling. Aside from that,
recycling can also decrease the cost production and it can help in keeping natural resources.
And of course, if we practice waste management, we will be able to conserve the natural beauty
of our planet earth. There are times when landscapes are ruined because of the carelessness of
humans hence, once we become responsible with all our wastes and knowhow to manage it,
we can help in preserving our nature s beauty today and allow the future generation to see it
still.
Inadequate sanitation will lead to big problems as time passes by, that why it imperative to
practice waste management as early as now so that we will be able to prevent drastic damage
that the world might have in the future.
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 IMPORTANCE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICES IN INDIA

We cannot think of sustainable and environmental friendly growth without thinking of waste
management services in a developing country like ours. Be it large organizations or small
businesses, comprehensive cleaning is essential for any type of business. Hence, the role of
waste management services remains integral in India
Waste management is definitely more than merely tackling household waste. Thus special waste
management services are becoming increasingly popular these days. With stringent business
policies regarding environmental waste management, waste management services these days
are playing a crucial role in helping organizations in fulfilling their civic responsibilities.
There are various methods of managing waste and thus waste management services have now
become as important as any other department in an organization. Organizations areincr easingly
becoming conscious of their role which is not just limited to giving timely incentives to their
workforce, but also taking a step further to ensure their healthy being. For a country like India,
having a well equipped network for waste management is the need of the hour. Therefore, waste
management services in India are of ultimate importance.

Some of the common waste management services include :

 Door to door waste collection

 Segregation of Waste
 Composting and treatment of Organic Waste
 Supply of quality waste material to recyclers
 Disposal of disposable waste at sanitary landfill
Managing waste is a tedious task and thus the role of waste management services come into
play. Each organization has its own way of tackling waste or trash. But, waste management
services can extend a helping hand in managing the waste in more efficient and effective
manner. Some of the various techniques and practices which are extremely important part of
waste management services include
1. PROPER MECHANISMS FOR WASTE COLLECTION
Be it school, company, factories or corporate office, proper disposal of waste materials is
important for each and every organization. Hence, each organization can aim at providing
adequate baskets, bins and barrels for collecting waste materials to ensure good hygiene.
 REGULAR CLEANING AND WASTE REMOVAL PRACTISES
It is important that all interior spaces of any organization ranging from schools, commercial
buildings, etc should be well maintained and properly cleaned. It would generally include
removal of sanitary and food waste, trash and other waste materials. This would ensure a healthy
working environment for public, employees, workforce, teachers ,etc.
1. GREENER PRACTICES FOR CLEANING
Waste can be categorized into biodegradable and non biodegradable. Furthermore, it can be sub
divided into recyclable and non recyclable. Such categorization can help to clean in a better
way through safe and eco friendly means. Green practices should thus be encouraged in
organizations for health safety of employees.
The Indian Pollution Control Association aims at providing you professional cleaning and
waste management services. We excel in providing you the best waste management services no
matter whether you own an educational facility, office building, community center. Our team
of management experts won t disappoint you with its excellent professional waste management
services
Methods of waste disposal: Non-biodegradable and toxic wastes like radioactive remnants
can potentially cause irreparable damage to the environment and human health if not
strategically disposed of. Waste disposal has been a matter of concern, the main problem growth
in population and industrialization. Here are a few methods of waste disposal.
Landfills : Throwing daily waste/garbage in the landfills is the most popularly used method of
waste disposal used today. This process of waste disposal focuses attention on burying the waste
in the land
. Recycling : Recycling is the process of converting waste products into new products to prevent
energy usage and consumption of fresh raw materials. Recycling is to reduce energy usage,
reduce the volume of landfills, reduce air and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
and preserve natural resources for future use
Composting : Composting is an easy and natural bio-degradation process that takes organic
wastes i.e. remains of plants and garden and kitchen waste and turns into nutrient-rich food for
your plants.
Incineration : Incineration involves the combustion of waste materials. With this method, the
waste material is heated to very high temperatures and is converted into materials such as heat,
gas, steam, and ash.
Conclusion
Recycling plays a vital role in effective waste management by reducing the amount of waste
sent to landfills, conserving natural resources, and minimizing environmental pollution. It
promotes sustainability by turning waste materials into valuable resources, thereby reducing the
need for raw material extraction and the energy consumption associated with manufacturing.
Moreover, recycling contributes to economic development by creating green jobs and
supporting circular economy initiatives. As global waste generation continues to rise, it is more
important than ever to adopt responsible recycling practices at the individual, community, and
industrial levels. To ensure a cleaner and healthier planet for future generations, governments,
businesses, and citizens must work together to make recycling a key component of integrated
waste management systems.
References
 https://www.teriin.org/tericouncilforbusinessustainabilitypdf/Waste_Management_Ha
ndbook.
 https://www.vedantu.com/biology/solid-waste-management
 https://www.nextias.com/blog/solid-waste-management-swm/