Made By:-

ADARSH
 WASTE
• An unusual /unwanted substance or material.
• Rejected as Worthless after it’s primary use.
• Eg :- Trash, Garbage, Sewage etc.

WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Waste management is all the activities and
actions required to manage waste from its
inception to its final disposal.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
CYCLE
• Waste Collection
• Waste Transportation
• Waste Segregation
• Waste Recycling
• Waste Disposal
• Waste minimization and control
Classification of Waste
according to their Properties
Classification of Wastes
according to their Effects on
Human Health and the Environment
• Hazardous wastes :-
Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and have any of the
following properties- ignitability, reactivity &
toxicity.
• Non-hazardous :-
Substances safe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and do not have any
of those properties mentioned above. These
substances usually create disposal problems.
Classification of wastes
according to their origin
and type
• Municipal Solid wastes: Solid wastes that include
household garbage, rubbish, construction & demolition
debris, sanitation residues, packaging materials, trade
refuges etc. are managed by any municipality.
• Bio-medical wastes: Solid or liquid wastes including
containers, intermediate or end products generated during
diagnosis, treatment & research activities of medical
sciences.
• Agricultural wastes: Wastes generated from farming
activities. These substances are mostly biodegradable.
Continued…..
• Industrial wastes: Liquid and solid wastes that are
generated by manufacturing & processing units of various
industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary
& paper etc.
• Fishery wastes: Wastes generated due to fishery
activities. These are extensively found in coastal &
estuarine areas.
• Radioactive wastes: Waste containing radioactive
materials. Usually these are byproducts of nuclear
processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly
involved in nuclear activities, may also produce some
radioactive wastes, e.g. radio-isotopes, chemical sludge etc.
Continued….
• E-wastes: Electronic wastes generated from any
modern establishments. They may be described as discarded
electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap
components, such as CRTs, may contain contaminants such as
Pb, Cd, Be or brominated flame retardants.
Kinds of Waste
• Solid Waste :- Apart from usual trash and litter
like empty cartoons,lids,tins,boxes from the hotel
industry include agricultural waste like unusable
portions of vegetable and animal foods resulting
from food production.
• Liquid Waste :- It includes waste water from
sinks and drains from kitchen, dishwashing area,
laundry, bathroom, toilets and other drain from the
hotel.
Continued…..
• Gaseous waste :- It includes strong
fumes originated from food being
Cooked and smoke from the kitchen, especially
when wood or coal is used as fuel.
Sources of Wastes

Households

Commerce and
Industry
Continue ….

Agriculture

Fisheries
Methods of Waste Management
• Landfills :- This process of waste disposal focuses
attention on burying the waste in the land. Landfills give
rise to air and water pollution which severely affects the
environment and the lives of humans and animals. Another
common byproduct of landfills is gas (mostly composed of
methane and carbon dioxide). These gases can create odor
problems, kill surface vegetation and is a green house
gases.
Component % by Volume(dry)
Methane 45 to 60
Carbon dioxide 40 to 60
Nitrogen 2 to 5
Oxygen 0.1 to 1
Ammonia 0.1 to 1
Hydrogen 0 to 0.2
• Incineration/ Combustion :- The combustion
of waste material in the presence of oxygen at high
temperatures. The combustion process converts
wastes into ash, gas, water vapor and carbon dioxide.
It can reduce the volume of solid waste to 20-30
percent of the original volume.
• Recycling :- Recycling is the process of
converting waste products into new products to
prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw
material. The idea behind recycling is to reduce
energy usage, reduce volume of landfills, reduce air
and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and reserve natural resources for future
use.
• Plasma Gasification :- Plasma is a primarily an
electrically charged or a highly ionized gas. A vessel
uses characteristic plasma torches operating at
+10,000°F which is creating a gasification zone till
3,000°F for the conversion of solid or liquid wastes into
a gas.
• Composting :- Composting is a easy and natural bio-
degradation process that takes organic wastes i.e.
remains of plants and garden and kitchen waste and
turns into nutrient rich food for your plants. Composting
is one of the best method of waste disposal as it can turn
unsafe organic products into safe compost but it is slow
process and takes lot of space.
• Waste to Energy(Recover Energy):- Waste to
energy process involves converting of non-recyclable
waste items into useable heat, electricity or fuel through
a variety of processes. It can also help to reduce carbon
emissions by offsetting the need for energy from fossil
sources. WtE is the generation of energy in the form of
heat or electricity from waste.
Waste hierarchy
Waste hierarchy refers to 3 Rs
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Practical Issues
• Lack of awareness
• Unplanned growth and development of
cities
• Land Availability
• Some waste cannot be recycled
• Unsorted waste
 Impacts of waste….
Activities that have altered the chemical
composition of the atmosphere:
- Buildup of GHGs primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), and
nitrous oxide (N20).
- C02 is released to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels, wood
and wood products, and solid waste.
- CH4 is emitted from the decomposition of organic wastes in landfills,
the raising of livestock, and the production and transport of coal,
natural gas, and oil.
- N02 is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as
during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.
Impacts of waste on health
• Chemical poisoning through chemical inhalation
• Uncollected waste can obstruct the storm water runoff
resulting in flood
• Low birth weight
• Cancer
• Neurological disease
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increase in hospitalization of diabetic residents living near
hazard waste sites.
• Mercury toxicity from eating fish with high levels of
mercury.
Effects of waste on
animals and aquatics life
• Increase in mercury level in fish due to
disposal of mercury in the rivers.
• Plastic found in oceans ingested by birds.
• Resulted in high algal population in rivers
and sea.
• Degrades water and soil quality.
Impacts of waste on
Environment
• Waste breaks down in landfills to form
methane, a potent greenhouse gas
• Change in climate and destruction of ozone
layer due to waste biodegradable
• Littering, due to waste pollutions, illegal
dumping, Leaching: is a process by which
solid waste enter soil and ground water and
contaminating them.
MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM:
Indian scenario
• Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per annum
• With urban population increasing between 3 – 3.5% per
annum
• Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5% annually
• India produces more than 42.0 million tons of municipal
solid waste annually.
• Per capita generation of waste varies from 200 gm to 600 gm
per capita / day. Average generation rate at 0.4 kg per
capita per day in 0.1 million plus towns.
 Bins
Blue Bin
•Plastic food jars, tubs
,lids, bottles.
•Plastic toys, make up jars
•Milk, juice cartons
•Empty paint and aerosol
cans
•Glass bottle, jars, dishes,
cups, mirrors, light bulbs,
window glass,
•Aluminium trays
•Paper, gift wraps and
cards
Green Bin
•Food items
•Kitchen waste, peels,
cuttings, refuse
•Tea , Coffee
•Cotton
•Match sticks
•Hair
What should be done
Continue….
Reuse
- Reuse corrugated moving boxes internally.
- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interoffice envelopes, file
folders, and paper.
- Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, and glasses.
- Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments.
-Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather than purchase new
ones.

Donate/Exchange
- old books
- old clothes
- old computers
- excess building materials
- old equipment to local organizations
Continue….
Employee Education
- Develop an “office recycling procedures” packet.
- Send out recycling reminders to all employees including
environmental articles.
- Train employees on recycling practices prior to implementing
recycling programs.
- Conduct an ongoing training process as new technologies are
introduced and new employees join the institution.
- education campaign on waste management that includes an
extensive internal web site, quarterly newsletters, daily bulletins,
promotional signs and helpful reference labels within the campus of
an institution.
Conclusion
• Waste is going to create lot of problems in
future.
• Waste Management is of utmost
importance.
• Proper Management is necessary to
minimize it's ill effects on Human Being
and Nature.
 Environmental Legislation
• The Environment (Protection) Act,1986
• The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules,
1989
• The Biomedical waste (Management and Handling) Rules,
1998
• The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling)
Rules, 2000
• Waste Management Act, 1996
• Solid Waste Policy in India, 2006
• Swachh Bharat Mission , 2014
Questions
Q1. The most serious environmental effect posed by hazardous
wastes is ……….
(a) Air pollution
(b) Contamination of groundwater
(c) Increased use of land for landfills.
(d) None of these
Q2. The term Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is generally used to
describe:
(a) Wastes from industrial processes, construction and demolition
debris.
(b) Wastes from Private homes, commercial establishments and
institutions.
(c) Mining wastes
(d) Agricultural wastes
Q3. Problem of solid waste disposal can be reduced
through…….
(a) Recycling (b) Lesser pollution
(c) More timber (d) Population control
Q4. Which process improves efficiency of solid waste
management?
(a)Disposal (b)Collection
(c)Compositing (d)Processing
Q5. Metal is a/an
(a)renewable resource
(b)non-renewable resource
(c)artificial resource
(d)element
Q6. Which of the following is a practice used to reduce and
manage MSW?
(a) waste combustion (b)source reduction
(c) recycling of materials (d) all of the above
Q7. One of the most effective forms of hazardous waste
disposal may be:
(a) landfills (b) deep-well injection
(c) incineration (d) surface impoundments
Q8. Which of the following is not a material in MSW?
(a) agricultural wastes (b) food wastes
(c) glass and plastics (d) wood wastes
Q9. Which method of solid waste disposal is known as
hygienic method?
(a)Incineration
(b)Land fillings
(c)Pulverization
(d)Composition
Q10. Incinerators dispose of waste by:
(a) Burning trash
(b) Re-processing used goods to make raw materials
(c) Burying trash under layers of soil
(d) Sending trash into the oceans
Q11. Select the item that is suitable for composting.
(a)All of these materials are suitable for composting
(b)Coffee grounds
(c)Eggshells
(d)Grass clippings
Q12. The process of burning of municipal solid
waste at high temperature is called
(a) Incineration (b) Composting
(c) Land filing (d) Recycling
Q13In which method of disposal of municipal solid
waste, the waste is dumped in the soil?
(a) Incineration (b) Composting
(c) Land filing (d) Recycling
Q14.Which of the following is a biodegradable waste?
(a) Polythene bags
(b) Synthetic fiber
(c) Food waste
(d) Paper
Q15. Which of the following is not the municipal solid
waste?
(a) Radioactive substance (b) Ashes
(c) Food waste (d) Rubbish
Q16. Which of the following waste can be decomposed
by bacteria?
(a) Radioactive substance
(b) Ashes
(c) Food waste
(d) Rubbish
Q17. What is E-Waste?
(a) Edible Waste
(b) Easter Waste
(c) Electronic Waste
(d)Eternal Waste
Q18. What are the 3 R's?
(a) Remake, Revive, Repeat
(b) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
(c) Repeat, Reduce, Reload
(d) Regenerate, Retard, Rewind
Q19. When was Swachh Bharat Mission Launched?
(a) 2012
(b) 2014
(c) 2016
(d) 2018
Q20. Who started the Swachh Bharat Mission ?
(a) Rahul Gandhi
(b) Lalu Prasad Yadav
(c) Narendra Modi
(d) Baba Ramdev
THANK YOU