MOLE
CONCEPT
General Chemistry 1
Objectives:
• At the end of the lesson, I
can:
1. define mole
2. compute for molar mass
3. determine molecular
formula using molar mass
It’s hard to keep count of things……
Easier when they’re in packs….
Why the mole?
• Atoms and molecules are too small to keep track of
individually!
• Same concept as the dozen!
• A mole is a package of many, many, many particles
(like atoms or molecules).
How many exactly?
The mole
• mole is abbreviated “mol”
• 1 mole = 6.0221367 x 1023 representative particles
• representative particles = atoms, ions, electrons,
molecules, or formula units Amadeo Avogadro
(1776 – 1856)
• “Avogadro’s Number” = 6.022 x 1023
Mole = Number of Particles = Mass (g)
• "that equal number" of atoms arbitrarily chosen.
• the number of atoms in the atomic weight in g of any element.
Example:
• 1 mole of Carbon = 6.022x1023 atoms of Carbon
• 1 mole of Carbon = 12.01 grams
• 1 mole of Na = 6.022x1023 atoms of Na
• 1 mole of Na = 22.99 grams
• 1 mole of Fe = 6.022x1023 atoms of Fe = 55.85 grams of Fe
Continuation : Mole = Number of Particles = Mass (g)
• 1 mole of H2O = 6.022x1023 molecules of H2O
• 1 mole of H2O = 18.00 grams of H2O
• 1mole of NaCl = 6.022x1023 molecules of NaCl
• 1mole of NaCl = 58.00 g of NaCl
• 1 mole of CaS = 6.022x1023 molecules of CaS = 62.00 g of CaS
Molecular Mass vs MOLAR MASS
Example:
Molar mass of Carbon dioxide?
• Unit is grams per mole (g/mol) note: C = 12 g/mol; O = 16g/mol
• Use the atomic mass (numerical value) and use
the unit g/mole
1. write the correct chemical formula CO2 = 1 mole C + 2 moles O
2. Substitute molar mass (mass number = 12 g/mol + (2 x 16 g/mol)
using the unit: g/mol) = 12 g/mol + (32 g/mol)
3. Sum all figures = 44 g/mol
What is the molar mass Magnesium oxide?
Note: Mg = 24 g/mol ; O = 16 g/mol
MgO = 24 g/mol + 16 g/mol
= 40 g/mol
What is the molar mass Lead (II) nitrate?
Note: Pb = 207 g/mol; N = 14 g/mol; O = 16 g/mol
Pb(NO3)2 = 207 g/mol + (2 x 14 g/mol) + (6 x 16 g/mol)
= 207 g/mol + 28 g/mol + 96 g/mol
= 331 g/mol
Let’s use the concept!
Writing empirical formula using the mole concept
• Analysis of content of a sample compound may be represented in mass or
percent composition.
• To identify the sample compound or write the chemical (empirical)
formula:
1. Use the given
• Mass (g) → mole
• Percent (%) → grams → mole
2. Get the whole number ratio of components
• Do not round off the mole in step 1 to whole number
• Divide the number of moles of all components to the least number of mole in the
components
3. Use the whole number ratio to represent the elements (components) t
write the formula
Let’s
try A sample compound is made up of 18.0g Calcium, 5.4g Carbon and
this. 21.6g Oxygen. What is the formula of the compound?
(note: Ca=40g/mol, C=12g/mol, O=16g/mol)
1. Convert mass to mole 2. Get the whole number ratio
• Mole Ca = 18.0g Ca x 1mole Ca = 0.45 mol Ca • Ca = 0.45 mol = 1
40g Ca 0.45 mol
• Mole C = 5.4g C x 1mole C = 0.45 mol C • C = 0.45 mol = 1
12g C 0.45 mol
• Mole O = 21.6g O x 1mole O = 1.35 mol O • O = 1.35 mol =3
0.45 mol
16g O
3. Write the formula
• Ratio is 1:1:3 ؞CaCO3
Next
one A sample compound is made up 43.66% Phosphorus and 56.34% Oxygen.
What is the formula of the compound? (note: P= 31g/mol, O=16g/mol)
1. Convert % to mass to mole
3. Write the formula
• mole P = 43.66% X 100g = 43.66g x 1mole P = 1.408 mol P
31g P • Ratio is 1:2.5
• mole O = 56.34% X 100g = 56.34g x 1mole O = 3.521 mol O • 2 (1:2.5) = 2:5
16g O
2. Get the whole number ratio ؞P2O5
1.408 mol
• P = 1.408 mol = 1
3.521 mol
• O = 1.408 mol = 2.5
