SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY
TOPIC: SOIL RESOURCES
GRADE: 10
PERIOD: 5
FORMATION OF RED SOIL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl5L05rkETQ
DISTRIBUTION OF RED SOIL
MAP
MAP OFOF RAJASTHAN
UTTAR PRADESH
BUNDELKHAND
UDAIPUR
HAMIRPUR
KUTCH RAJMAHAL HILLS
CHITTORGARH
BANDA
DUNGARPUR MIRZAPUR
TAMIL NADU
RED SOIL - CHARACTERISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION:
Red soil covers almost the whole of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
FORMATION:
south-eastern Maharashtra,
● Under prolonged parts ofby
weathering Odisha, Chattisgarh,
rainfall, Jharkhand,
ancient crystalline andMeghalaya,
metamorphic rocks
Mizoram,
of theManipur, Telangana
Peninsular and Nagaland.
plateau break up to form red soil.
● Red in colour as it contains large amounts of iron oxide.
DISTRIBUTION:
● Differs from place to place on the basis of parent rock and climatic conditions.
Scattered
● Red patches of yellow
soil looks red soilwhen
are found in: in a hydrated form.
it occurs
● West Bengal - Birbhum
● Uttar Pradesh - Jhansi, Hamirpur, Banda and Mirzapur.
● Rajasthan - Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Dungarpur, Banswara and Bhilwara.
DISTRIBUTION:
❖ Red soil forms the second largest soil group in India. It stretches from Bundelkhand
DISTRIBUTION:
in the north to Tamil Nadu in the south and Rajmahal hills in the east to Kutch in
Red soil practically encircles the entire black soil region on all sides. They extend
the west.
northwards to the west along the Konkan Coast of Maharashtra.
CHARACTERISTICS OF RED SOIL
RED POROUS IRON OXIDE
AERATED pH VALUE
From 6.6 to 8.0
CHARACTERISTICS OF RED SOIL
IDEAL FOR DRY POOR IN N-P-K
FARMING NEEDS IRRIGATION
POOR IN ORGANIC MATTER CONTAINS SOLUBLE
SALTS
CROPS
VEGETABLES RICE RAGI
TOBACCO GROUNDNUT POTATO SUGARCANE
DIFFERENCE
RED SOIL AND BETWEEN RED
LATERITE SOIL
SOIL AND LATERITE SOIL
SIZE OF
PROCESS RAINFALL CRYSTALS
RED SOIL AND LATERITE SOIL
POINTS OF : Both red and laterite soils are red in colour
SIMILARITY
RED SOIL LATERITE SOIL
due to the presence of iron oxide.
DIFFERENCE
Formed due to
PROCESS OF weathering of igneous Formed due to
FORMATION and metamorphic rocks. leaching.
Develop in areas of low Develop in areas of
OCCURRENCE
rainfall. high rainfall.
TEXTURE Less crystalline. Highly crystalline.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOILS
ALLUVIAL SOIL BLACK SOIL
ALLUVIAL SOIL BLACK SOIL
CROPS: CROPS:
Large varieties of kharif and rabi Cotton, cereals,
FORMATION: oilseeds,
Residual citrus
soils fruits
formed byand vegetables,
weathering
FORMATION: Deposition of crops: rice,by
sediments wheat,
rivers.sugarcane, tobacco
cotton, gram andCoarse
oilseeds: of lava rocks.and sugarcane.
TEXTURE: andjute
dry in
in Ganga-Brahmaputra
upper reaches of the delta. AREAS:
AREAS: Also known as the Regur soil or Black Cotton soil.
river and gets finer and moist as the river flows down. Found in Clayey
Deccan lava tract.
Inland alluvium in Punjab, TEXTURE:
COLOUR: Light Grey toHaryana,
Ash Grey UP, Bihar, West Bengal,
Maharashtra,
parts of Gujarat and Rajasthan. COLOUR: BlackMadhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh,
RICH IN: Potash and lime Deltaic alluvium in the deltas of
Ganga-Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, RICH IN: LimeRajasthan,
Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and parts of Tamil
and Magnesium
DEFICIENT IN: Nitrogen andGodavari,
humus Krishna and Kaveri. Nadu
Coastal alluviumisalong the and
coastal DEFICIENT IN: Phosphorus, Nitrogen and organic
New alluvium Khadar old strips of the
alluvium Peninsula.
is Bhangar.
matter.
RED SOIL LATERITE SOIL
CROPS:
RED SOIL CROPS:
LATERITE SOIL
Tapioca, cashew nuts. With manure rice, ragi, sugarcane, Vegetables, rice, ragi, tobacco, groundnut and potatoes.
FORMATION:
tea, Prolonged weathering of crystalline
rubber and coffee. AREAS:
FORMATION: Due to leaching in areas of heavy
rocks.Differs on the parent rock material and climatic
AREAS: Plateau region of Peninsular India extending northwards
rainfall.
condition.
Highland patches of Peninsular plateau. Patches in along Konkan coast. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra
TEXTURE: Coarse and porous
TEXTURE:
Madhya Pradesh, Loamy or Sandy
Odisha, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Pradesh, South-East
COLOUR: Red due toMaharashtra,
iron oxide. Chattisgarh, parts of
COLOUR: Red due to large
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, amount of
Karnataka, iron oxide.
Kerala and DEFICIENT IN: Lime, nitrogen andMeghalaya,
Odisha, Jharkhand, Bundelkhand, magnesium. Mizoram,
DEFICIENT
Tamil Nadu. IN: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium Telangana
High acidity and
and Nagaland.
low moisture retention.
and organic matter.
HOMEWORK
Refer the table given in the textbook on page
no.86 and complete the following.
SOIL FORMATION AREA CHARACTERISTICS CROPS
Alluvial soil Process: Write the names of any Characteristic: Crops grown:
two regions/states (Any four) (Any four)
having inland, deltaic
and coastal alluvium:
Black soil Process: Write the name of any Characteristic: Crops grown:
two/three states. (Any four) (Any four)
Red soil Process: Write the name of any Characteristic: Crops grown:
two/three states. (Any four) (Any four)
Laterite soil Process: Write the name of any Characteristic: Crops grown:
two/three states. (Any four) (Any four)
