UDGAM SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN
Std. X Social Science (2024-25)
Geography Ch.1: Resources and Development WS. No.: 2 (AK)
Name: _________________________ Sec.: ________ Roll No.: _____ Date: _______
Fill in the characteristics features of the various soils and complete the given table:
1. Type of soil ALLUVIAL SOIL
2. Formation of 1. By silt deposition brought by rivers
soil
3. Distribution 1. Three important Himalayan river systems- the Indus, the Ganga, and the
Brahmaputra
2. Eastern Coastal Plains (deltas of Mahanadi Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri)
Piedmont plains such as Duars, Chos and Terai.
4. Composition 1. Adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid, and lime.
5. Characteristic 1. Fertile soil
features 2. Old Alluvial soil (Bangar) – less fertile - Soil particles are coarse in the
upper reaches of river valley.
3. New Alluvial soil (Khadar) – more fine particles than Bangar
4. In drier areas, it is more alkaline and can be productive after proper
treatment and irrigation.
5. The Bangar soil has higher concentration of kankar nodules than the
Khadar.
6. Crops 1. Intensive cultivation of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereal and pulse
grown crops.
1. Type of soil BLACK SOIL also known as ‘regur’ soil and black cotton soil
2. Formation of 1. By weathering of lava – flow rocks
soil 2. Climatic condition along with parent rock material.
3. Distribution 1. Deccan Plateau
2. Maharashtra, Saurashtra and Malwa
3. Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh
4. Godavari and Krishna valleys
4. Composition 1. It is made up of extremely clayey material.
2. It contains calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash, and lime.
3. It is poor in phosphoric contents.
5. Characteristic 1. It is black in colour. It is well known for holding moisture
features 2. It develops cracks during hot weather and helps in aeration of the soil.
It is sticky when wet and difficult to work on unless tilled immediately after
the first shower or during the pre – monsoon period.
6. Crops grown 1. Ideal for growing cotton
1. Type of soil RED SOIL AND YELLOW SOIL
2. Formation of 1. It develops on crystalline igneous rocks in low rainfall areas.
soil
3. Distribution 1. Eastern and southern parts of Deccan Plateau
2. Chhattisgarh, southern parts of middle Ganga plains
3. Along the piedmont zone of Western Ghats
4. Composition 1. It is rich in iron.
Std. X/SS/Ch.1(Geo)/WS 2(AK)/2024-25 Page 1 of 2
5. Characteristic 1. It develops a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and
features metamorphic rocks.
2. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
6. Crops grown -
1. Type of soil LATERITE SOIL
2. Formation of 1. The laterite soil develops under tropical and subtropical climate with
soil alternate wet and dry season.
2. Develops due to intense leaching in areas of heavy rainfall.
3. Distribution 1. Western Ghats region of Maharashtra,
2. Odisha, Andhra Pradesh
3. hilly areas of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
4. Composition 1. In Deciduous and Evergreen forests, it is humus rich, but under sparse
vegetation and in semi-arid environment, it is generally humus poor.
5. Characteristic 1. It is acidic in nature and generally deficient in plant nutrients.
features 2. They are prone to erosion and degradation due to their position on the
landscape.
6. Crops grown 1 It is useful for growing tea and coffee and cashew nut after adopting
conservational techniques.
1. Type of soil ARID SOIL
2. Formation of 1. Formed due to dry climate and faster evaporation due to high
soil temperature.
3. Distribution 1. West and north- west of India – Rajasthan.
4. Composition 1. Rich in salts and lacks humus and moisture.
5. Characteristic 1. Sandy (coarse in texture) and saline(acidic)in nature.
features 2. The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar because of
increasing calcium content downwards.
3. The Kankar layer formations restrict the penetration of water.
4. These soils become cultivable after proper irrigation.
6. Crops grown -
1. Type of soil FOREST SOIL
2. Formation -
3. Distribution 1. Found in hilly and mountainous areas where sufficient rainforests are
available.
4. Composition 1. The soil texture varies according to the mountain environment.
5. Characteristic 1. In the snow-covered areas of the Himalayas, the soil experiences
features denudation and is acidic in nature.
2. It is loamy and silty in valley sides and coarse grained in the upper
slopes.
3. The soil towards the lower part of valleys particularly on the river
terraces and alluvial fans are fertile.
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