PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Table of Contents
PipelineStudio User's Guide .................................................................................................................................................. 1
The basics of PipelineStudio .............................................................................................................................................. 1
About fluids ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Equations ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2
General Equations .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Gas Simulator Equations .............................................................................................................................................. 14
Liquid Simulator Equations ........................................................................................................................................... 44
Glossary & Appendices .................................................................................................................................................... 56
Glossary........................................................................................................................................................................ 56
Appendix A: Error messages ........................................................................................................................................ 60
Appendix C: Properties................................................................................................................................................. 94
Glossary............................................................................................................................................................................. 221
Index .................................................................................................................................................................................. 223

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide
The basics of PipelineStudio
About fluids

Gas fluids

Specific Heat Capacities

Katz Correlation

This equation is derived from data found in the Handbook of Natural Gas Engineering by Katz. The correlation for the
isobaric specific heat capacity is:

with

where
Cp,c = heat capacity ft.lbf/(slug.oR)
v
T = absolute temperature OR
P = absolute pressure lbf/ft2

MW = Molecular Weight

NOTE: The isobaric specific heat capacity correlation is valid for natural gases with properties in the following ranges:
Specific gravity: 0.55 to 0.80
Temperature: 0 oF to 150 oF
Pressure: 15 psia to 1400 psia

The GPSA empirical correlation for the ratio of specific heats (k-factor) is

The GPSA empirical correlation for the ratio of specific heats is valid over the following ranges:

 Temperature (T): 510.0 – 710.0

 Molecular Weight (MW): 15.0 – 100.0

Extrapolation beyond these ranges is not permitted.

Enthalpy Departure Method

For a compositional fluid the calculation the Isobaric Specific Heat Capacity is calculated as

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where
= Isobaric specific heat J/(kg.K)
capacity

= Ideal Gas Isobaric J/(kg.K)

specific heat capacity

= Isobaric enthalpy J/(kg.K)

departure term

The Ideal Gas Specific Isobaric Heat Capacity is calculated:

where
T = absolute temperature K
th
= j Ideal Gas Heat
Capacity coefficient for
component I

= mole fraction of
component I

MW = Molecular Weight Kg/kmole

The enthalpy departure term is dependent on the equation of state under consideration.

The Isochoric Specific Heat Capacity is calculated using the Isobaric Specific Heat Capacity and the thermodynamic
relationship:

where
= Isochoric specific heat J/(kg.K)
capacity
3
= Density Kg/m

= Pressure Paa

PipelineStudio Gas uses the GPSA correlations for specific heat capacity calculations regardless of the equation of state
that is used.

Equations
General Equations

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Hydraulic Equations

Mass Balance Equation

where:

and:
= length of the pipe ft
L

= position along the pipe ft

x
= time sec
t
= cross-sectional area of the pipe ft2
A
 = density of the gas slug/ft3
= velocity of the gas ft/sec
v

Momentum Balance Equation

where:

and:
f = Moody Friction Factor

= internal diameter of pipeline ft

D
i
g = acceleration due to gravity ft/sec2

h = elevation of pipe ft

Energy Balance Equation

where:
x = position along the pipe ft

t = time sec

 = density of the gas slug/ft3

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P = pressure of the gas lbf/ft2

v = velocity of the gas ft/sec

f = Moody friction factor

Di = internal diameter of ft
pipe

T = temperature of the gas oR

Uw = overall heat transfer ft.lbf/sec-slug-oR
coefficient

Tg = ground temperature oR

cv = heat capacity of the ft.lbf/slug-oR

gas

Friction Factor Calculations

Friction Factor Calculations

There are many widely used friction factor correlations. PipelineStudio supports the more commonly used ones.

PipelineStudio Liquid supports the Colebrook-White friction factor.

PipelineStudio Gas supports the Colebrook-White, AGA, Panhandle-A, Panhandle-B, Weymouth, Spitzglass and GSO
friction factors. Additionally the following theoretical friction factors are also available: Constant and FrictionLess

AGA

For laminar flow:

If Re < 64.0

If 64.0 < Re < 2100

For partially turbulent flow:

If Re < R t

where

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and where

and where is the drag factor.

For fully turbulent flow:

Re > Rt

(Liquid) Colebrook-White

For laminar flow:

If Re < 2100

If

For critical flow:

2100 < Re < Rmax

where:

Rmax = 3250 if:

Rmax = 3350 if:

Rmax = 3900 if:

For fully turbulent flow:

Re > Rmax

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(Gas) Colebrook-White

For laminar flow:

If Re < 64.0

If 64.0 < Re < R L

For the transition between laminar and turbulent flow the friction factor is smoothed:

R L < Re < R T

where R L = 2100, R T = 3250, is the friction factor calculated using the laminar flow formula and is the
friction factor calculated using the fully turbulent flow formula.

For fully turbulent flow:

Re > R T

(Gas) GSO

This friction factor has been developed by and is specific to Gaz du Sud Ouest.

For laminar flow:

If Re < 64.0

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If 64.0 < Re < R L

For the transition between laminar and turbulent flow the friction factor is smoothed:

R L < Re < R T

where R L = 2100, R T = 3900, is the friction factor calculated using the laminar flow formula and is the
friction factor calculated using the fully turbulent flow formula.

For fully turbulent flow:

Re > R T

(Gas) Panhandle-A

For laminar flow:

If Re < 64.0

If 64.0 < Re < R L

For the transition between laminar and turbulent flow the friction factor is smoothed:

R L < Re < R T

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where R L = 2100, R T = 3900, is the friction factor calculated using the laminar flow formula and is the
friction factor calculated using the fully turbulent flow formula.

For fully turbulent flow:

Re > R T

(Gas) Panhandle-B

For laminar flow:

If Re < 64.0

If 64.0 < Re < R L

For the transition between laminar and turbulent flow the friction factor is smoothed:

R L < Re < R T

where R L = 2100, R T = 3900, is the friction factor calculated using the laminar flow formula and is the
friction factor calculated using the fully turbulent flow formula.

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For fully turbulent flow:

Re > R T

(Gas) Spitzglass

If Re < 64.0

If 64.0 < Re < R L

For the transition between laminar and turbulent flow the friction factor is smoothed:

R L < Re < R T

where R L = 2100, R T = 3900, is the friction factor calculated using the laminar flow formula and is the
friction factor calculated using the fully turbulent flow formula.

For fully turbulent flow:

Re > R T

(Gas) Weymouth

If Re < 64.0

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If 64.0 < Re < R L

For the transition between laminar and turbulent flow the friction factor is smoothed:

R L < Re < R T

where R L = 2100, R T = 3900, is the friction factor calculated using the laminar flow formula and is the
friction factor calculated using the fully turbulent flow formula.

For fully turbulent flow:

Re > R T

Re = Reynolds Number

E = absolute roughness inches

D = internal diameter inches

E = Pipe efficiency

1/d = Drag Coefficient

(Gas) Constant

The friction factor is a constant value (the relative roughness).

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Where
E = absolute roughness inches

D = internal diameter inches

N.B. The absolute roughness and Diameter are assumed to be in the same units.

(Gas) Frictionless

The friction factor is zero i.e. there is no friction.

Heating Value and Molecular Weight

Heating Value - Mole Average

The "High" or "Gross" heating value is the amount of energy transferred as heat from the complete, ideal combustion of
the gas with air at a standard temperature in which all the water formed by the reaction condenses to a liquid.

The "Low" or "Net" heating value is the amount of energy transferred as heat from the complete, ideal combustion of the
gas with air at a standard temperature in which all the water formed by the reaction remains in the vapor state.

With very little correction required, the heating value of any gas is simply the molar average of the heating value of the
constituent components. However, should a more precise calculation of the heating value be required then the ISO6976
option should selected.

HV =

where:

MFi = mole fraction of ith component

HV = gas mixture heating value

HVi = heating value of ith component

N = total number of components of gas

3
The component heating values (in MJ/m ) are tabulated below.

Gross Net
Component Heating Value Heating Value
Methane (C1) 33.87 37.62
Ethane (C2) 60.28 65.90
Propane (C3) 86.30 93.80
i-Butane (iC4) 111.82 121.19

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n-Butane (nC4) 112.16 121.54

i-Pentane (iC5) 137.79 149.05
n-Pentane (nC5) 138.14 149.39
Hexane (C6) 164.08 177.21
Heptane (C7) 190.03 205.03
Octane (C8) 215.98 232.86
Nonane (C9) 241.62 260.37
Decane (C10) 267.43 288.06
Undecane (C11) 291.53 313.84
Dodecane (C12) 317.30 341.46
Tridecane (C13) 343.04 369.06
Tetradecane (C14) 368.79 396.67
Pentadecane (C15) 394.54 424.29
Hexadecane (C16) 420.29 451.87
Heptadecane (C17) 446.03 479.49
Octadecane (C18) 471.78 507.10
Nonadecane (C19) 497.53 534.71
Eicosane (C20) 523.31 562.32
C7plus (C7+) 189.64 204.61
Heavy-1 (C25) 644.35 688.34
Heavy-2 (C34) 872.08 930.41
Nitrogen (N2) 0.00 0.00
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 0.00 0.00
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) 21.91 23.73
Hydrogen (H) 10.21 12.08
Water (H2O) 0.00 0.00
Helium (He) 0.00 0.00
Oxygen (O2) 0.00 0.00
Benzene 133.71 139.33
Toluene 159.08 166.58
Ethylene 56.19 59.96
Propylene 82.60 88.31
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 11.96 11.96
Argon (AR) 0.0 0.0
Neo-Pentane (Neo-C5) 144.26 156.06
CycloHexane 156.03 167.30
NOTE: The heating value for each component is defined at 60 degrees F and 14.696 psia (API reference conditions).
Should the reference conditions used in the simulation be different to the API reference conditions then the heating
value will be corrected proportionally to the reference conditions used in the simulation i.e.

where
HV = Gas mixture heating value at
simulation reference conditions

HVI = Gas mixture heating value at API

reference conditions

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I
P ref = API reference pressure
I
T ref = API reference temperature
P ref = Simulation reference pressure
T ref = Simulation reference temperature

Network element equations

Block Valves
The simulator models a block valve as a gate valve. The flow equation is given by:

where:
W = mass flow rate slug/sec

= fluid density downstream of valve slug/ft3

Cd = valve discharge coefficient

= (CV * 0.00000183 * % OPEN)

Pu = upstream pressure lbf/ft2

Pd = downstream pressure lbf/ft2

Heater and Cooler Duty

The duty of a heater or a cooler is the amount of energy required to change the enthalpy of the fluid to meet the
required temperature change:

Where

is the Duty in ft-lbf//sec

is the change in fluid enthalpy in ft-lbf/slug

is the fluid mass flow in slug/sec

is the fluid isobaric heat capacity in ft-lbf/slug-deg Rankine

is the upstream temperature of the device in degrees Rankine

is the downstream temperature of the device in degrees Rankine

is the temperature in degrees Rankine

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The duty is shown as a positive value when the flow of energy is in the right direction for the device under
consideration i.e. a heater heating will show a positive duty as will a cooler cooling. If a heater has to cool, or a cooler
heat then the duty will be reported as a negative value.

Typically a heater or cooler will be configured with a resistance coefficient sufficient to give a 10-30 psi pressure drop
across the device. Any pressure drop across a device will lead to a natural cooling of the fluid due to the Joule-
Thomson effect and therefore a cooler will have less work to do in reducing the temperature across a device than a
heater will have to do to in raising the temperature by the same amount.

Gas Simulator Equations

Fluid State Calculations

Pseudo-Critical Temperature and Pressure

When using a simplified fluid i.e. one specified by base qualities such as specific gravity the pseudo-critical temperature
and pressure are calculated as:

where:
SG = gas specific gravity = gas molecular weight (lbm/lbm.mol) /
28.97 (lbm/lbm.mol)

NOTE: If a compositional fluid is specified but a simplified fluid equation of state is used then the pseudo-critical
properties are calculated from the fluid specific gravity.

Modified Pseudo-Critical Temperature and Pressure

The Wichert-Aziz Sour Gas correction factor is used to modify the pseudo-critical temperature and pressure to account
for the presence of Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) in the gaseous mixture. The corrections are:

where:
FH2S = mole fraction of H2S

FCO2 = mole fraction of CO2

FTOT = mole fraction of combined H2S and CO2

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Compressibility Factor Z
The compressibility factor, Z, is calculated from the equation of state being employed in the simulation.

See also

Sarem Compressibility Factor

Peng-Robinson Equation of State

BWRS Equation of State

Sarem Compressibility Factor

The Sarem Z factor correlation is a corresponding states polynomial curve fit to the charts published by Standing and
Katz giving natural gas compressibility as a function of reduced pressure and temperature. A.M. Sarem generated a
Legendre Polynomial fit to the experimental data of compressibility factor against reduced Temperature and Pressure.
Reduced pressure and temperature values are determined based on approximate correlations for pseudo-critical
pressure and temperature (based on gas gravity).
To account for the presence of carbon dioxide, the pseudo-critical values are adjusted using the Wichert and Aziz
correlation. This procedure is valid for reduced pressures ranging from 0.1 to 14.9 and for reduced temperatures
ranging from 1.05 to 2.95.

Once gas compressibility has been determined, the corresponding gas density is calculated directly using the ideal gas
law corrected for compressibility.

The correlation is given by:

where

with

Where P m and P n are the Legendre Polynomials of degree 0-5

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The Sarem correlation is valid over the following ranges:

 Reduced temperature (TR = T/Tcrm): 1.05 - 2.95

 Reduced pressure (PR = P/Pcrm): 0.1 - 14.9
Extrapolation beyond these ranges is not permitted.

Compressibility Factor for the Cubic Equations of State

The cubic equations of state include the following well know equations of state:
 van der Waals
 Redlich-Kwong
 Soave-Redlich-Kwong
 Peng-Robinson including the large acentric factor correction
The cubic equations of state are so called due to their formulation, which may be written as cubic equation in terms of
the compressibility factor Z.
The general form of the equation of state is:

which may be re-written in terms of Z as:

where

The values of u, w, b and a characterize the specific equation of state

Equation u w b a
van de Waals 0 0

Redlich-Kwong 1 0

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Soave-Redlich-Kwong 1 0

Peng-Robinson 2 -1

where is the acentric factor.

For fluid mixtures, mixing rules apply for the quantities a and b.

NOTE: The cubic equations of state available in PipelineStudio are Soave-Redlich-Kwong and Peng-Robinson

Compressibility Factor for the Virial Equations of State

The virial equations of state include the following well know equations of state:
 Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling (BWRS)
 AGA-8
At low to moderate pressures / densities the compressibility factor of a gas at constant temperature is a slowly varying
well behaved function of pressure or density. Also the zero-pressure limit of Z is always unity. Hence the power series
expansion of Z in terms of pressure or density can be generated:

or

nd rd th
The quantities B, C and D are referred to as the 2 , 3 , 4 density series virial coefficients. These virial coefficients
are dependent on temperature and composition.

BWRS
The BWRS equation of state is

PipelineStudio uses the recommended estimation technique for the parameters A 0 , B 0 , C 0 , D 0 , E 0 , a, b, c, d, .
Although quite complex and computationally intensive, this equation of state has been shown to be applicable over a
wide range of pressures and temperatures for hydrocarbon fluids.

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The BWRS Equation of State can be solved implicitly for gas density, using a numerical technique. At all temperatures
below critical, this equation may yield three or more density roots. Only the smallest real root corresponds to the gas
density.
The BWRS state equation is valid for reduced temperatures as low as 0.3 and reduced densities as large as 3.0.

Density

where:
 = gas density lbm/ft3

P = Absolute pressure lbf/in2

MWg = molecular weight of gas lbm/lbm.mol

R = The NIST value for the 10.73(lbf/in2)ft3/lbm.mol.oR

universal gas constant

T = absolute temperature oR
Z = compressibility factor

Specific Heat Capacities

Katz Correlation

This equation is derived from data found in the Handbook of Natural Gas Engineering by Katz. The correlation for the
isobaric specific heat capacity is:

with

where
Cp,c = heat capacity ft.lbf/(slug.oR)
v
T = absolute temperature OR
P = absolute pressure lbf/ft2

MW = Molecular Weight

NOTE: The isobaric specific heat capacity correlation is valid for natural gases with properties in the following ranges:
Specific gravity: 0.55 to 0.80

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Temperature: 0 oF to 150 oF
Pressure: 15 psia to 1400 psia

The GPSA empirical correlation for the ratio of specific heats (k-factor) is

The GPSA empirical correlation for the ratio of specific heats is valid over the following ranges:

 Temperature (T): 510.0 – 710.0

 Molecular Weight (MW): 15.0 – 100.0

Extrapolation beyond these ranges is not permitted.

Enthalpy Departure Method

For a compositional fluid the calculation the Isobaric Specific Heat Capacity is calculated as

where
= Isobaric specific heat J/(kg.K)
capacity

= Ideal Gas Isobaric J/(kg.K)

specific heat capacity

= Isobaric enthalpy J/(kg.K)

departure term

The Ideal Gas Specific Isobaric Heat Capacity is calculated:

where
T = absolute temperature K
th
= j Ideal Gas Heat
Capacity coefficient for
component I

= mole fraction of
component I

MW = Molecular Weight Kg/kmole

The enthalpy departure term is dependent on the equation of state under consideration.

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The Isochoric Specific Heat Capacity is calculated using the Isobaric Specific Heat Capacity and the thermodynamic
relationship:

where
= Isochoric specific heat J/(kg.K)
capacity
3
= Density Kg/m

= Pressure Paa

PipelineStudio Gas uses the GPSA correlations for specific heat capacity calculations regardless of the equation of state
that is used.

Molecular Weight
The molecular weight is a mole averaged quantities.

MW =

where:
MW = gas mixture molecular weight lbm/lbm.mol

MFi = mole fraction of ith component

MWi = molecular weight of ith component lbm/lbm.mol

n = total number of components of gas

The component molecular weights are tabulated below.

Component Molecular Weight
Methane (C1) 16.043
Ethane (C2) 30.070
Propane (C3) 44.097
i-Butane (iC4) 58.124
n-Butane (nC4) 58.124
i-Pentane (iC5) 72.151
n-Pentane (nC5) 72.151
Hexane (C6) 86.178
Heptane (C7) 100.205
Octane (C8) 114.232
Nonane (C9) 128.259
Decane (C10) 142.286

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Undecane (C11) 156.300

Dodecane (C12) 170.330
Tridecane (C13) 184.350
Tetradecane (C14) 198.380
Pentadecane (C15) 212.410
Hexadecane (C16) 226.430
Heptadecane (C17) 240.460
Octadecane (C18) 254.480
Nonadecane (C19) 268.510
Eicosane (C20) 282.540
C7plus (C7+) 100.000
Heavy-1 (C25) 352.700
Heavy-2 (C34) 478.900
Nitrogen (N2) 28.013
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 44.010
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) 34.076
Hydrogen (H) 2.016
Water (H2O) 18.015
Helium (He) 4.000
Oxygen (O2) 31.999
Benzene 78.108
Toluene 92.134
Ethylene 28.054
Propylene 42.081
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 28.010
Argon (AR) 39.948
Neo-Pentane (Neo-C5) 72.151
CycloHexane 84.162

ISO6976 Heating Value Calculation

The heating value of a fluid, , may be calculated from;

where

where is the pure component heating value and y i is the mole fraction of that component. The mixture
compressibility factor is given by

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where the summation factors, b j , are specified for each component.

The pure component heating values , compressibility factor and summation factors are specified in ISO6976 for
reference conditions of 0, 15 and 20 degrees C and also for 60 degrees F (all at 1.01325 Paa). Provided the
simulation reference conditions are within 0.5 degrees F and 0.07 psia of one of these sets of reference conditions
then the appropriate table of values will be used. The ISO6976 Combustion Reference Temperature is taken to be the
Gas Reference Temperature, thus the reference conditions of 0 degrees C implies both the Gas Reference
Temperature and the Combustion Reference Temperature are 0 degrees C (or, using the notation of ISO6976, 0/0
deg C).
Should the simulation reference conditions be outside the reference condition ranges specified above then the ideal
gas heating value for the 15 degrees C reference condition set of pure component parameters will be used and the
heating value corrected proportionally to the simulation reference conditions through the formula:

where
HV = Gas mixture heating value at
simulation reference conditions

HVI = Gas mixture heating value at ISO 15

deg C reference conditions
I
P ref = ISO reference pressure (101325
Paa)
I
T ref = ISO reference temperature (288.15
K)
P ref = Simulation reference pressure
T ref = Simulation reference temperature
NOTE: The ISO6976 heating value calculation can only be selected if a compositional equation of state is employed.

Viscosity
The (dynamic) viscosity of a gas in motion in a pipeline is very nearly constant. This is reflected in PipelineStudio Gas
by the default viscosity being a constant value. However, the option is provided to use a calculated viscosity.
If selected, the viscosity is calculated using the empirical correlation of Lee, Gonzalez and Eakin (LGE):

where:

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where:
T = Gas Temperature R
3
 = Gas Density g/cm

MW = Gas Molecular Mass kg/kmol

 = Gas Viscosity cp

Note: When the parameter selection for LGE is used in PipelineStudio Gas (e.g. LGE-3 and LGE-4), the values listed
in the formulas above are changed to the values seen in LGECoeff.pvt

Flow equations

Flow equations
Pipeline flow equations are made up of the same general form except that the friction factor is handled differently.
This is because there is such difficulty in predicting the exact flow behavior in the transition region between laminar
and turbulent flow and between smooth pipe and fully turbulent behavior.
Most friction factor equations can be categorized into being constant, diameter dependent or Reynolds Number
dependent equations.
In the [A] equations, the correction for elevation change is based on average gas density. In the [B] equations, the
correction for elevation change is based on the assumption of constant pipeline slope.

Flow General

[A]

[B]
AGA Equations
AGA studies (IGT Technical Report Number 10 "Steady Flow in Gas Pipelines", July, 1965) showed greater friction
factors than those determined using either the smooth or rough pipe laws. This confirmed work that the friction factor
is dependant on the Reynolds Number for turbulent flow at low flow rates and is a function of the relative pipe
roughness for turbulent flow at high flow rates.
For partially turbulent flow at low flow rates, the friction factor is a constant multiple of that used for the Smooth Pipe
Law. This constant is a function of the drag factor, which varies from about 0.92 to 0.98 depending on the degree and
number of drag reducing elements. After substituting the friction factor correlation into the general flow equation, the
equation for AGA partially turbulent flow is:

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For high flow rates and fully turbulent flow, the friction factor becomes independent of the flow rate and is a function on
only the pipe roughness. In these cases, the flow more closely resembles that obtained using the Rough Pipe Law.

[A]
where:

ε = effective or operating roughness

Colebrook-White Equation
The Colebrook-White equation is recommended as a general use equation. This equation combines both the Smooth-
Pipe Law and the Rough Pipe Law and will provide good accuracy over a wide range of flow conditions. Other
equations will provide a similar degree of accuracy; however, you need to ensure that the equation being used is
suitable for the application.
The Colebrook-White equation for the transmission factor is:

if Nre < 2000,

Substituting this into the general flow equation results in [A]:

Panhandle A

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The Panhandle A friction factor formula was developed by the PanHandle and Eastern Gas Co. and is Reynolds
Number dependent. The friction factor equation has the following form:

where:

E = efficiency
This equation was designed for use in natural gas pipelines ranging in pipe diameter from NPS 6 to NPS 24 and for
Reynolds Number from 5,000,000 to 14,000,000. This equation predicts slightly optimistic flows for pipelines with
partially turbulent flow and Reynolds Number greater than 300,000. When substituted into the general flow equation
the following is obtained:

[A]

[B]

The Panhandle equations are popular because they use efficiency factors to provide a good fit of operating data in the
partially turbulent flow regime. The Panhandle A equation is not realistic for fully turbulent flow. These equations are
also not good for planning purposes since the efficiency factors can only be obtained using operating data.

Panhandle B
The Panhandle B formula was also developed by the PanHandle and Eastern Gas Co.
This equation is only slightly Reynolds Number dependent.

where:

E = efficiency
When substituted into the General Flow Equation, the following are obtained:

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[A]

[B]

This equation was designed for use in long natural gas pipelines with pipe diameters greater than NPS 24.

Weymouth
The Weymouth provides a good estimation for fully turbulent flow in pipe with diameters around NPS 36. When used
on pipe diameters less than NPS 30, the friction factors tend to be too high and thus need efficiencies larger than
100%. This equation is not recommended for sizing new pipelines.
The transmission factor for the Weymouth equation is:

where:
E = efficiency

Substituting this into the general flow equation gives the following two equations:

[A]

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[B]

See also Friction Factor Calculations

Wall Temperature Calculation

Wall Temperature Calculation

Temperature tracking calculations can use an overall heat transfer coefficient or calculations using the inner and outer
wall film coefficients and the wall resistance.

When the Wall Temperature Tracking option is enabled, the details of the heat transfer through the pipe wall are
modeled as follows:

The Pipe wall is considered as a set of concentric shells with an inner wall film coefficient acting at the inside of the inner
shell (which is in contact with the fluid) and an outer wall film coefficient acting at the outside of the outer shell (which is

in contact with the outer medium). Each of the shells has an inner radius and an outer radius . For a
steady-state problem the heat transfer coefficient is thus calculated as:

where:

UA =
2
the heat transfer coefficient for the whole pipe (ft-lbf/sec-ft -deg R)

UI =
2
the inner wall film heat transfer coefficient (ft-lbf/sec-ft -deg R)

UO =
2
the outer wall film heat transfer coefficient (ft-lbf/sec-ft -deg R)

RI = Inner radius of inner shell (ft)

RO = Outer radius of outer shell (ft)

RN = Inner radius of shell N (ft)

R N+1 = Outer radius of shell N (ft)

kN = Thermal conductivity of wall layer N (ft-lbf/sec-ft-deg R)

For a transient problem the time-dependent heat flow through the multiple-layer concentric ring pipe wall is calculated by
the time-dependent radial conduction equation:

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 PipelineStudio Manual Extras

For

Where

2
is the thermal diffusivity of the pipe wall layer (ft /sec)

is the specific heat capacity of the pipe wall layer (ft-lbf/lbm-deg R)

3
is the density of the pipe wall layer (lb/ft )

is the thermal conductivity of the pipe wall layer (ft-lbf/sec-ft-deg R)

is the temperature difference ( ) (deg R)

is the radius from the centerline of the pipe (ft)

is the time (sec)

At the inner pipe wall boundary of the inner pipe, where the pipe is in contact with the fluid, the boundary condition

is applied. At the outer pipe wall boundary of the outer pipe the boundary condition

is applied.

The initial distribution for the temperature difference is given by the steady-state solution.

The inner wall film transfer coefficient can be calculated in a number of ways, using a:

 Constant value to be given by the user

 User-standard file correlation for turbulent flow, or

 A user-defined correlation for turbulent flow of the form.

Standard



where:

Nu = the Nusselt Number

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Re = the Reynolds Number

Pr = the Prandtl Number

User-Defined

where:

Nu = the Nusselt Number

Re = the Reynolds Number

Pr = the Prandtl Number

a* = the user-defined Multiplicative constant (a)

b* = the user-defined Reynold’s number exponent

c* = the user-defined Prandtl number exponent

d* = the user-defined Additive constant

* set using the Advanced Options for Inner Wall Heat Correlation dialog

For laminar flow (Re < 2100), then the film coefficient is calculated from the correlation:

where:

D = pipe inner diameter

L = pipe length

In the limit of the gas velocity tending to zero, the limiting Nusselt Number of 2 (corresponding to pure conduction
through the gas) is used.

The Nusselt number is then used to calculate the inner film heat transfer coefficient:

where k D is a default thermal conductivity (0.003245 ft-lbf/sec-ft-deg R).

The outer wall film transfer coefficient can be calculated in a number of ways, using a:

 Constant value to be given by the user

 Standard correlation for shallow burial,

 Standard correlation for deep burial, or

 Standard correlation for exposed pipe

Shallow Burial

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 PipelineStudio Manual Extras

where:

UO =
2
the outer wall film heat transfer coefficient (ft-lbf/sec-ft -deg R)

ks = the conductivity of the medium (soil) (ft-lbf/sec-ft-deg R)

DO = the pipe outer diameter (ft)

DC = the depth from the medium surface to the centre-line of the pipe (ft)

Deep Burial

where:

UO =
2
the outer wall film heat transfer coefficient (ft-lbf/sec-ft -deg R)

ks = the conductivity of the medium (soil) (ft-lbf/sec-ft-deg R)

DO = the pipe outer diameter (ft)

DC = the depth from the medium surface to the centre-line of the pipe (ft)

Exposed Pipe

For an exposed pipe with the flow of the ambient medium in fully developed turbulent flow (R e > 200) the Nusselt
number is calculated as

If the flow of the ambient medium is laminar, the Nusselt number is calculated as

The Reynolds number is calculated as

where:
DO = Pipe outer diameter (ft)
m = Ambient medium density (lbm/ft )
3

vm = Ambient medium velocity (from ambient velocity tables) (ft/s)

m = Ambient medium dynamic viscosity (lbm/ft/s)

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide

The Prandtl number is calculated as

where:
m = Ambient medium dynamic viscosity (lbm/ft/s)
sm = Ambient medium specific heat capacity (ft-lbf/lbm-deg R)
km = Ambient medium thermal conductivity (ft-lbf/sec-ft-deg R)
The outer wall film coefficient is then calculated from

Network element equations

Centrifugal Compressors

Adiabatic Head

where:
Z = average compressibility

R =
i.e. the NIST value for the universal
gas constant divided by molecular ft2/(sec2 . oR)
weight of gas

Ts = suction temperature oR

Ps,Pd = suction and discharge pressures lbf/ft2

k = ratio of specific heats cp/cv

H = adiabatic head ft.lbf/lbm

Performance Curves
If performance curves are entered, a polynomial fit of the curves is done so that:

where:
AH,BH,CH,DH = head coefficients determined by polynomial fit

AE,BE,CE,DE = efficiency coefficients determined by polynomial

fit

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Q = inlet actual volumetric flow ft3/sec

 = speed rev/sec
 = adiabatic efficiency

H = adiabatic head ft.lbf/lbm

Brake Power

where:
W = mass flow rate slugs/sec

BPWR = brake horsepower ft.lbf/sec

H = adiabatic head ft.lbf/lbm

(Shaft) Power (input to driver model)

where:
BPWR = brake horsepower ft.lbf/sec

PWR = shaft horsepower ft.lbf/sec

m = mechanical efficiency

AL = auxiliary loads ft.lbf/sec

Temperature Rise

where:
Td = discharge temperature oR

Drivers

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Maximum Available Power

For a generic driver the available power is calculated from

where:
o
ARF = ambient rating factor 1/ R, (Def = 0.0)
o
TA = ambient temperature R, (Def = 518.67)
o
TR = rated temperature R, (Def = 518.67)

RPWR = rated power ft.lbf/sec

APWR = available power ft.lfb /sec

ELEV = (upstream) elevation ft

To conform to the GPSA temperature de-rating for a turbine driver you should set the rated temperature to the default
(518.67 R) and set the Ambient Rating Factor to 0.00404 1/R.
The elevation de-rating factor assumes ISO conditions for the driver rating (0m above sea level) and uses the
elevation multiplier of 0.00003264408 as recommended in the GPSA Engineering Handbook. The elevation is taken to
be the elevation of the node at the upstream of the compressor unit that the driver is running.

Driver Efficiency (energy output per unit energy input)

where:
R = rated driver efficiency

ADE, BDE, CDE = driver efficiency coefficients

FAP = PWR/APWR = fraction of available power

D = driver efficiency

Specific Fuel Consumption

SFC = specific fuel consumption SCF/(ft.lbf)

D = Driver efficiency

HV = Heating value of the gas

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Fuel Consumed
FC = SFC * SPW
where:
FC = fuel consumed SCF/sec
SFC = specific fuel SCF/(ft.lbf)
consumption

SPW = Shaft power ft.lbf/sec

* Note, if no compressor curve has been entered and no power setpoint has been set, SPW is set to the maximum
power available.

Leak External Regulator

Leak External Regulator

where:
W = leak flow rate slug/s

A = area of the leak orifice ft2

CD = discharge coefficient

 = fluid density at orifice conditions slug/ft3

v = fluid velocity at the orifice ft/s

The Implicit solution solves a system of nonlinear equations for the true conditions at the orifice.

The Explicit solution approximates the pressure and temperature conditions at the orifice assuming an ideal gas. Then
the density is calculated based on these assumed conditions.

Reciprocating Compressors

Displaced Volume

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where:
D = cylinder diameter ft

dt = Head end rod diameter ft

dc = Connecting (crank end) rod diameter ft

S = stroke length ft

DVHE = displaced volume at head end ft3

DVCE = displaced volume at crank end ft3

Volumetric Efficiency

where:
 = HE or CE,

C1, C2, XL = User defined constants.

(Def: C1 = 0.04, C2 = 0.01, XL = 0.0)

PS, PD = Suction and discharge pressures lbf/ft2

CV E = Clearance volume (at head end if ft3

 = HE, at crank end if  = CE);
Input is CVE,min and CVE,max).

ZS, ZD = Suction and discharge compressibility

k = ratio of specific heats

V, = Volumetric efficiency of the end 

Capacity
Single acting, head end only:

Single acting, crank end only:

Double acting:

where:
 = speed rev/sec

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PipelineStudio Manual Extras

(Input is max and min)

Q = capacity (volumetric flow at suction ft3/sec

conditions

Rod Load

where:
RLc = Rod load in compression lbf

RLt = Rod load in tension lbf

D = Cylinder diameter ft

dc = Connecting (crank end) rod diameter ft

dt = Head end rod diameter ft

PS, PD = Suction and discharge pressures lbf/ft2

Power

where:
PWR = power ft.lbf/sec

W = mass flow rate slugs/sec

m = mechanical efficiency

a = adiabatic efficiency

ZS, ZD = Suction and discharge compressibility

o
TS, TD = Suction and discharge temperatures R

k = ratio of specific heats

PS, PD = Suction and discharge pressures lbf/ft2

VL = valve loss co-efficient

A0 + A1 (PD/Ps) + A2 (PD/Ps)2 +
A3 (PD/ PS )3
AL = Auxiliary load ft.lbf/sec

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Discharge Temperature

where:
o
TS, TD = suction and discharge temperatures R

PS, PD = Suction and discharge pressures lbf/ft2

k = ratio of specific heats

a = adiabatic efficiency

Resistance equipment

Resistance Equipment

where:
K = resistance coefficient (lbf/in2)2/(MMSCF/D)2

Q = flow rate MMSCF/D

Pu = absolute pressure at upstream lbf/in2

node

Pd = absolute pressure at lbf/in2

downstream node

Temperature equation for a throttling device such as a resistance is:

where:
Td = downstream temperature oR

Tu = upstream temperature oR

vavg = average specific volume ft3/lbm

dv/d = derivative of specific volume with ft3/lbm.oR

respect to temperature at the
T device

Pu = upstream pressure lbf/ft2

Pd = downstream pressure lbf/ft2

cp = specific heat at constant pressure ft.lbf/lbm.oR

Computing Resistance Coefficients

Using standard English units, suppose that you wanted to install a resistance element which allows 100 MMSCFD with
200 PSIA upstream and 100 PSIA downstream. From the equation above, the coefficient which you should use in the
simulator would be:

Conversion factors

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You will also need to ensure that the flow and pressure units that you use are consistent with those selected in the units
file.
NOTE: Pressures relate to absolute pressures.

Conversion from internal to external units is accomplished by applying the appropriate conversions:

giving

Thus, the conversion factor is given by:

where:

is the conversion from internal simulator pressure units (lbf/ft2) to desired external pressure units

and

is the conversion from internal simulator volumetric flow units (ft3/sec) to desired volumetric external flow units.

Given this, it is possible to compute the conversion factor which must be applied to resistance coefficients, to convert
from internal simulator units to external (user) units.

For example, using standard English units for pressure and volumetric flow, you can calculate the conversion factor
which you should use for resistance coefficients:

resulting in a value of

Storage elements

Fixed Volume Storage

The fixed volume storage (vessel) external regulator is effectively a pressure set-point device with the set-point being
the (variable) vessel pressure.

Steady-State
The fixed volume storage pressure is calculated from the inventory using the density:

Where

is the inventory (standard volume)

is the (fixed) vessel volume

are the process and reference densities (densities at reference conditions) of the fluid
The pressure is then back calculated from the specified equation of state:

If an initial pressure is provided rather than an initial inventory, the initial inventory is calculated from the pressure:

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide

where

The initial temperature is used for the vessel temperature regardless of whether or not the flow is into or out of the
vessel. Similarly, the initial fluid is used for the vessel fluid regardless of whether or not the flow is into or out of the
vessel.

If the vessel status is closed the flow is zero and the vessel is hydraulically disconnected from the network.

Transient
During a transient simulation the flow into or out of the vessel is used to update the inventory:

The underlying numerical method assumes temporal linearization of the variables and so if the (standard volume) flow
into a vessel at the start of a time step is:

and the flow into the vessel at the end of the time step is:

then the accumulated volume over the time step is:

where
is the time step length.

If composition tracking is enabled the fluid composition or quality will also change if the fluid entering the vessel is of a
different composition or quality to the fluid in the vessel. Fluid mixing will be taken into account to update the fluid in
the vessel. The mixing will be assumed to be instantaneous and homogenous.

If temperature tracking is enabled then the temperature in the vessel will be updated accordingly. The fluid
temperature change will come from three components:
1. Change due to heat loss/gain to the environment
2. Adiabatic change due to change in vessel pressure
3. Change due to mixing with ingress fluid

Heat loss/gain to the environment

The change due to heat loss/gain to the environment is given by

Where:
is the fluid density

is the isochoric specific heat capacity

is the fluid temperature

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PipelineStudio Manual Extras

is the ambient temperature

is the vessel surface area

is the vessel volume

is the overall heat transfer coefficient

is time

If the vessel is closed this will be the only effect that will change the temperature.
The change in temperature due to heat loss/gain to the environment will have an associated change in pressure.

Adiabatic change due to change in vessel pressure

The change in pressure is derived from:

Where:
is the fluid pressure

is the fluid molar volume

Since, for this part of the process the fluid inventory does not change we have that

So that

The adiabatic change is given by the formula

Where:
is the number of moles of gas
is the internal energy of the gas

is the fluid pressure

is the fluid molar volume

is the heat added to or removed from the system

Since this part of the process is adiabatic we have that:

and this leads to the adiabatic change in temperature due to the change in pressure (due to the change in inventory)
as

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Change due to mixing with ingress fluid

If the vessel is filling then the above two effects will still be part of the process with the additional complication that the
molecular mass of the gas in the vessel is no longer constant. This will affect the adiabatic change in temperature
since

However, will be small enough so that it can safely be ignored.

This third effect will come into play only if the vessel is filling and that effect is due to mixing of two fluids with different
temperatures. This will be done in the same way it is done at nodes i.e.

Where
is the mixture temperature

is the ingress fluid temperature

is the vessel fluid temperature at the start of the time step

is the mass of ingress fluid

is the mass of vessel fluid at the start of the time step

The temperature corrections (heat loss/gain to the environment and adiabatic fluid temperate change) will be applied
to the mixture temperature.

Note
It is worth noting that:
1. Changes in temperature due to heat gain/loss to the environment through the vessel wall result in a change in
pressure. This change in pressure is assumed to be adiabatic
2. When a vessel is filling the fluid temperature mixes according to mass rather than enthalpy. This is consistent
with the rest of the simulator and, for the most part, is indistinguishable from enthalpy mixing.

Reservoir Storage
The reservoir storage is effectively a pressure set-point device with the set-point being the (variable) reservoir
pressure.

The flow into and out of a reservoir storage is a function of the difference in pressure between the well head and the
reservoir:

where the flow multiplier, r, and the flow exponent, k, are specific to the reservoir and
If the quantity Q is positive then flow is out of the reservoir.
if

if

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The reservoir pressure is calculated from the inventory using the density:

and the pressure is then back calculated from the specified equation of state:

If an initial pressure is provided rather than an initial inventory, the initial inventory is calculated from the pressure:

Where

NOTE: the flow exponent, k, is dimensionless. However, the flow multiplier, r, has units MMSCFD per psia^( 2 * flow
exponent ), that is, the exact units depend on the value of the flow exponent.

= Flow rate at standard conditions MMSCFD

= Flow multiplier
= Flow exponent

= Well head pressure Psia

= Reservoir pressure Psia

= Reservoir inventory at standard conditions MMSCF

= Gas density at standard conditions lbm/ft3

= Gas density at reservoir conditions lbm/ft3

= Reservoir pore volume MMSCF

= Reservoir temperature K

The temperature in the reservoir is fixed at the user specified reservoir temperature. If temperature tracking is not
enabled the reservoir temperature will be set to the system wide temperature.

The reservoir fluid remains fixed at its initial value for both steady-state and transient simulations. For a reservoir
initially delivering into the pipeline network this is exactly the right approach. However, for a reservoir that is being filled
the ingress fluid and the specified initial reservoir fluid will mix, but in a non-deterministic manner. It is assumed that
the reservoir fluids and the pipeline fluids are sufficiently similar in composition to make little difference to the hydraulic
solution.

During a transient simulation the reservoir will pack or unpack as the inventory increased or decreases. The change in
(volumetric) inventory is the flow rate multiplied by the time step. The change in volumetric inventory will be used to
calculate the change in mass inventory using the density of either the influx fluid (if the storage is filling) or the density
in the reservoir (if the reservoir is depleting). The mass inventory will then be converted back to volumetric inventory
using the reservoir fluid to model the change in the reservoir inventory. The inventory at each time step will be used to
determine the reservoir pressure at the end of that time step.

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Turbines

Turbines
The following factors are used in the turbine equations:
HPr = rated power ft.lbf/sec
N = turbine speed rev/sec
Nr = rated speed rev/sec
HRr = rated heat rate BTU/ft.lbf
FHV = fuel heating value BTU/SCF
Ta = ambient temperature R
Tr = rating temperature 518.67 oR
EL = elevation ft
AL = auxiliary load 41250 ft.lbf/sec; assumed
constant
DL = fractional duct loss 0.02; assumed constant
f = fuel efficiency 1.0; assumed constant
Tc = temperature correction factor

Pc = pressure correction factor

Maximum Power Curve

where:
HPref = power at reference conditions ft.lbf/sec
(59 oF & 14.696 PSI)

Nf = fraction of rated speed corrected for

temperature = N/(Nr/ Tc)

D1,D2,D3,D4, = performance curve coefficients for

turbine curve

Available Power for Compressor

where:
HPavl = available power ft.lbf/sec

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Heat Rate Curve

where:
HR = heat rate BTU/ft.lbf

HRF = % heat rate =

(C1 + C2 * Nf) + (C3 * Nf2 + C4 * Nf3) +
(C5 * HPf) + (C6 * HPf2) + (C7 * HPf3) + (C8
Nf * HPf) + (C9 * HPf * Nf2) +
(C10 * Nf * HPf2)

HRr = rated heat rate BTU/ft.lbf

HPf = HPc/HPr

HPc = corrected power available = ft.lbf/sec

HPavl /(Tc*Pc)

C1 - C10 = performance curve coefficients for turbine

curve.

Fuel Consumption

where:
EF = energy flow BTu/sec

HPs = required shaft power = BHP + ft.lbf/sec

AL/Tc * Pc * DL)

BHP = Brake power of compressor ft.lbf/sec

where:
VF = standard volumetric fuel rate SCF/sec

Liquid Simulator Equations

Fluid Calculations

Density

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide

where:
 =
3
liquid density (slug/ft )

o =
3
liquid density (slug/ft ) at reference pressure and temperature conditions Po and To
BM = bulk modulus (psf)

= coefficient of thermal expansion (per degree Rankine)

Assuming BM and are insensitive to pressure and temperature respectively, the above equation can be simplified
as:

Bulk Modulus
The bulk modulus of a fluid is defined as the change in pressure required for a unit change in volume, as in

1) The API Standard Correlation is used if the fluid type is Correlation.

BM = Exp (1.99470 - 0.00013427 * T - 0.79392/ 2 - 0.0023260 * T/ 2) *100000

0 0

where:
BM = bulk modulus, psia
T = temperature, oF

0 =
3
density in g/cm at 60 oF
This equation is valid for hydrocarbons within the following ranges:
Density: 0 to 90 API

Temperature: -20 to 200 F

Pressure: 0 to 1500 psia
Reference:
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, CH 11.2.1, API, 1984.
2) For User-supplied fluid types you must enter bulk modulus data as a function of temperature and pressure. The
program then fits the supplied data to the correlation defined below. For an Autogenerated liquid type the program
uses the API correlation between the user defined ranges to generate bulk modulus data which it then fits to the
correlation defined below. More compressible liquids, such as NGL and LPG, must be specified as a User-
supplied fluid.

where:

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TR = absolute temperature, oR
P = pressure, psia
SG = specific gravity at 60oF
ai = ith curve-fit coefficient
BM = bulk modulus, psi

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

The coefficient of thermal expansion of a fluid is defined as follows:

1) The API Standard Correlation is used if the fluid type is Correlation

where:
α = coefficient of thermal expansion, 1/ oF
T = temperature, oF

o = reference density i.e. density at reference conditions, kg/m3

To = reference temperature, oF
Ko,K1 = correlation constants

Liquid Type API Range Ko K1

Crude oils 0 to 100 341.0957 0.0
Diesels and fuel oils 0 to 37 103.8720 0.2701
Jet fuels and kerosenes 37 to 48 330.3010 0.0
Jet fuel/gasoline transitions* 48 to 52 1489.0670 -0.0018684
Gasoline and naphthenes 52 to 85 192.4571 0.2438

* for transitional zone

This equation is valid for crudes and products within the following ranges:
Density: 0o to 100o API
Temperature: 0o to 250o F
Reference:
API Standard 2540, "Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards", CH 11.1, 1980.
2) For more compressible liquids, such as NGL and LPG; User-supplied fluid types and Autogenerated fluid types you
must enter bulk modulus data as a function of temperature and pressure. The program uses the API correlation
between the user defined range for Autogenerated Fluid types, but program fits the input data to the following
equation of state for NGL and LPG fluid types and User-supplied fluid types:

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide

where:
α = coefficient of thermal expansion, 1/oF
P = pressure, psia
TF = temperature, oF

TR = absolute temperature, oR

ai = ith curve-fit coefficient

Heat Capacity
The internal correlation used by TLNET is a regression of the heat capacity data published by Holcomb and Brown
(Katz et al, Fig. 4-50):

where:
Cp = heat capacity, BTU/lb/oF

API = specific gravity at 60oF, oAPI

T = temperature, oF

Alternatively, when using a User-supplied fluid type, you can input heat capacity data as a function of temperature and
pressure. The program fits the data into the following equation:

where:
API = specific gravity at 60 oF, oAPI
TR = absolute temperature, oR
P = pressure, psia
ai = ith curve-fit coefficient

Liquid Viscosity
For non-compositional fluids, the program fits the viscosity data to one of the two following equations depending on the
fluid class:
For crudes and products (including the fluid class defined as ‘other’) :

For LPGs and NGLs:

where:
v = kinematic viscosity, cSt
TR = absolute temperature, oR

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ai = ith curve-fit coefficient

For compositional fluids the LBC (Lohrenz, Bray and Clark) liquid viscosity correlation is used.
cf. Lohrenz, J., Bray, B.G. and Clark, C.R.: “Calculating Viscosities of Reservoir Fluids From Their Compositions”, JPT,
Oct 1964

where:

= dynamic viscosity, cP

= is the critical pressure in psia

= is the critical temperature in deg R

= is the Molecular Mass

= fluid mixture reduced density, g/cc

= is the critical pressure of the ith component in psia

= is the critical temperature of the ith component in deg R

= is the Molecular Mass of the ith component

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide

= is the mole fraction of the ith component

If the reduced temperature is less than 1.5 then

=
otherwise

When two fluids or batches are mixed, the mixture viscosity is calculated by applying a mixing power law:

th
where is the volume fraction of the i constituent fluid in the mixture
where:
th
vi = kinematic viscosity of the i constituent fluid in the mixture, CS
v = kinematic viscosity of the mixture, CS
th
Qi = volumetric flow rate at line conditions of the i constituent fluid in the mixture
N = The power law mixing constant

For liquid Classes diesel and crude products: Viscosity dependent pressure variation is included in PipelineStudio® 3.6.

Generally, viscosity is independent of pressure under normal operating conditions. However, under extreme conditions
liquids often experience an increase in viscosity. The pressure dependence of viscosity for higher molecular weight pure
hydrocarbons and of petroleum liquids is calculated from API procedure 11A5.8. The procedure is valid for pure, high
molecular weight hydrocarbons, lubricating oils, neutral oils, bright stocks and distillates with a Watson characterization
factor between 10.9 and 12.5 and temperatures between 32°F and 210°F. The method should not be applied at pressures
greater than 10,000 psig. The method is only available for PipelineStudio® liquid Classes diesel and crude. The Watson
Characterization factor is defined as (Tb ** (1/3))/SG where Tb is the mid boiling point in degR, SG is the specific gravity.

The model is detailed below:

Where
μ = the viscosity at T and p, in centipoise
μ0 = the viscosity at T and 1atm, in centipoise
p = the pressure, in psig (0 < p < 10,000 psig)
and is equivalent to API Figure 11A5.7.

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MAOP Equations

MAOP Equations
NOTE: In the following equations, the calculated MAOP figure is gauge pressure, while the yield stress figure is
absolute pressure.
Steel pipe
Source: DOT 192.105

where:

MAO Maximum Operating Pressure (psig)

P
S Yield strength of pipe wall material (psia)

WT Wall thickness of pipe (in)

OD Outside diameter of pipe (in)

F Design safety factor

E Longitudinal joint safety factor

T Temperature derating factor

Plastic pipe
Source: DOT 192.121

where:
MAOP Maximum Operating Pressure (psig)
S Yield strength of pipe wall material (psia)
WT Wall thickness of pipe (in)
OD Outside diameter of pipe (in)
F Design safety factor

DRA Equations

Drag Reduction Additive (DRA) equations

The drag reduction factor is a direct multiplier to the model-calculated friction factor.

where:
 = effective friction factor
F = drag reduction factor
m = model-calculated Moody friction factor

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Burger Correlation

where:
F = drag reduction factor
k1,k2 = Burger equation constants
v= local fluid velocity, ft/sec
ppm = DRA concentration, parts per million
cs = fluid viscosity, centistokes
d= pipe diameter, ft

Liquid Power:- formerly Conoco Correlation

The Conoco (CDR) Correlation is of the form

ppm
F
a  b * ppm
where:
a,b are product-specific constants. For full details of the Conoco CDR Correlation contact Conoco Speciality Products,
Inc.
This DRA correlation is only active for velocities in excess of 2 ft/s and Reynolds Number in excess of 7500.

Alternative PSPI:- formerly Simplified Conoco Correlation

The Simplified Conoco Correlation is of the form

where:
A,B are product-specific constants. The equation above is used directly with the product-specific constants entered by
the user.

Aesop Correlation
The Aesop Correlation is of the form

where:
F = Friction reduction (%)
C0 = Additive concentration base (ppm)
Ce = Effective concentration of additive (ppm)
N Re = Reynolds number

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d = Distance travelled (km)

 = Degradation Coefficient
A = Aesop Coefficient A
B = Aesop Coefficient B
C = Aesop Coefficient C

Network element equations

Centrifugal Pumps

Adiabatic head

where:
H = head, ft * lbf/lbm
Ps, Pd = suction and discharge pressures, lbf/ft2

s, d = suction and discharge densities, lbm/ft3

Performance Curves
If performance curves are entered, a polynomial fit of the curves is done so that:

where:
AH,BH,CH,DH = head coefficients determined by polynomial fit

AE,BE,CE,DE = efficiency coefficients determined by polynomial

fit

Q = inlet actual volumetric flow ft3/sec

 = speed rev/sec
 = adiabatic efficiency

H = adiabatic head ft.lbf/lbm

Brake Power

where:

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide

W = mass flow rate slugs/sec

BPWR = brake horsepower ft.lbf/sec

H = adiabatic head ft.lbf/lbm

Generic and Centrifugal Pump Discharge Temperature

where:
o
TD = Downstream temperature R
o
TU = Upstream temperature R
3
Vavg = Average specific volume ft /lbm

EFF = Mechanical efficiency fraction

PD = Downstream pressure psf

PU = Upstream pressure psf

o
cP = Heat Capacity ft.lbf/lbm. R

Generic Pumps

Generic and Centrifugal Pump Discharge Temperature

where:
o
TD = Downstream temperature R
o
TU = Upstream temperature R
3
Vavg = Average specific volume ft /lbm

EFF = Mechanical efficiency fraction

PD = Downstream pressure psf

PU = Upstream pressure psf

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o
cP = Heat Capacity ft.lbf/lbm. R

Leak External Regulator

Leak External Regulator

NOTE: The equation does not take into account the diameter of the pipe which contains the leak hole; however,
the leak coefficient can be tuned to simulate proper behavior.

where:
W = Mass flow rate lbm/s

d = Hole diameter in

Pline = Inline flowing pressure psi

Pamb = Ambient pressure at leak psi

3
 = Density lb/ft

C = User-specified leak coefficient

Reciprocating Pumps

Displaced Volume

where:
D = cylinder diameter ft

dt = Head end rod diameter ft

dc = Connecting (crank end) rod diameter ft

S = stroke length ft

DVHE = displaced volume at head end ft3

DVCE = displaced volume at crank end ft3

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Power

where:
BPW = Brake Horsepower ft.lbf/s
R
3
avg = Average density across pump lb/ft

W = Mass flow rate slug/s

PD = Discharge pressure psf

PU = Suction pressure psf

S = Slippage factor (see below)

m = Mechanical efficiency

and:

S = Slippage factor

VL = Valve loss ft.lbf/lbm

BM = Bulk modulus psf

PD = Discharge pressure psf

PU = Suction pressure psf

Reciprocating Pump Discharge Temperature

where:
o
TD = Downstream temperature R
o
TU = Upstream temperature R

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PW = Power ft.lbf/s
R
EF = Mechanical efficiency fraction
M
W = Mass flow slug/s
o
cP = Heat capacity ft.lbf/lbm. R

Resistance element

Resistance Element

where:
3
Q = actual volumetric flow rate at line conditions (ft /s)

P = pressure drop across the device (psf)

 = downside density (slug/ft )

3

2
K = resistance coefficient (ft )
A discussion of this formula is available in the Crane Handbook, Flow of Fluids, Technical Paper No. 410, 19th
printing, p 2-10. The resistance coefficient being used is the equivalent of the valve flow coefficient, cv.

Glossary & Appendices

Glossary

Glossary
Click on a letter to see all definitions starting with that letter:

A B C D E
F G H I J
K L M N O
P Q R S T
U V W X Y
Z

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B
Base qualities
Batch
Batch queue

C
Case
Chart view
Color scheme
Components
Configuration
Configuration file
Constraints

D
Data block
Data item
Default name
Dock

E
Equipment
External regulator

F
Fill Line
Flow resistance
Fluid type

G
Graphical node

H
Head node

I
Initial state
Initial time

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K
Keyword file
Knot

M
MAOH
MAOP
Mass balance error
Mechanical efficiency
Mixing rule
Mode

N
Name
Network configuration
Network element
Network view
Node
Nominal distance step

O
OLE object
Output file

P
Parallel pipes
Performance curves
Pipe
PPM
Profile
Property view

R
Ramp
Ramp interval

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Select
Setpoint
Sheet
Stand-alone compressor
Station
Steady-state
Sub-network
Survey
System upset

T
Table view
Tail node
Time step
Transient
Trend
Trend plot
Trend report

U
Unit category
Unit system
User-defined units
User-specified qualities

W
Workbook
Workspace
WTG file

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Appendix A: Error messages

TGNET error messages

The data in a configuration file is processed by PipelineStudio prior to performing a steady-state or a transient
simulation. During this process, PipelineStudio evaluates the data entered to ensure that the data is valid and
that the program can make the desired calculations. If PipelineStudio detects an error or a potential problem, an
error message is generated and written to an output file.
The following is a summary of the error messages generated by PipelineStudio. Each message is preceded by
an error message number.

Item Type Description

1 Error Title should be contained on one line directly below the *TITLE directive and not exceed
eighty (80) characters in length.
2 Error Error Message Not Implemented
3 Error Unrecognizable keyword.
4 Error Keyword expected; number found.
5 Error Keyword "keyword" already entered.
6 Error Keywords "keyword" and "keyword" are mutually exclusive.
7 Error Unexpected data type (=value) found for keyword "keyword". Please check keyword file.
8 Error Unexpected number encountered.
9 Warning Integer expected; real number found.
10 Error This data value must lie between minvalue and maxvalue.
10 Error Data value too large. Max = value.
10 Error Data value too small. Min = value.
11 Error Too many data values were entered. Maximum allowed is value.
12 Error Missing numeric data value.
13 Error Character string expected; number found.
14 Error Missing left title delimiter.
15 Error Missing right title delimiter.
16-25 Error Error Message Not Implemented
26 Error "PRESS" not followed by related keyword.
27 Error "EOS" not followed by related keyword.
28 Error "TEMP" not followed by related keyword.
29 Error "QUALITY" not followed by related keyword.
30 Error At ID id: Alarm limits are out of order. LO-LO = value LO = value
31 Error "HVAL" not followed by related keyword.
32 Error At ID id: Alarm limits are out of order. LO = value HI = value
33 Error "I/O" not followed by related keyword.
34 Error "TIME" not followed by related keyword.
35 Error At ID id: Alarm limits are out of order. HI = value HI-HI = value
36 Error Unable to decode conversion factor.
37 Error The default alarm limits are out of order. LO-LO = value LO = value
38 Error Reference pressure is out of range. PREF = value
39 Error Quality ID id already exists.
40 Error "MIXRUL" not followed by related keyword.
41 Error fluid was defined to have METHOD = MOLE. Specific gravity can be entered only with
fluids for which METHOD = QUAL.
42 Error fluid was defined to have METHOD = MOLE. Heating value can be entered only with
fluids for which METHOD = QUAL.

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43 Error fluid was defined to have METHOD = QUAL. Individual components can be entered
only with fluids for which METHOD = MOLE.
44 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of user qualities. The current number allowed is
value
45 Error The default alarm limits are out of order. LO = value HI = value
46 Error Fluid method (QUAL or MOLE) is missing or invalid.
47 Error Internal error. Keyword table value value is out of range. Please call ESI support
representative for assistance.
48 Error The default alarm limits are out of order. HI = value HI-HI = value
49 Error Mass balance error threshold zero or negative.
50 Error No print times have been given.
51 Error Trend "FREQ" not followed by related keyword.
52 Error Trend selected is not valid for device type.
53 Error ID id was not found in the configuration.
54 Error Trend item not followed by related keyword.
55 Error Trend component not followed by data item keyword.
56 Error Trend periodic frequency chosen is less than the minimum time step. Please select a
frequency greater than or equal to value.
57 Warning Invalid trend item and component combination. Trend selection ignored.
58 Error Unable to match item, component, ID combination.
59 Error "QUALITY" not followed by related keyword.
60 Error Friction factor equation choice is missing or invalid.
61 Error Non-positive print time requested.
62 Error Please enter print times in increasing order.
63 Error The number of print times entered is value. The maximum number allowed is value.
64 Error “PVT” not followed by related keyword.
65 Error Unable to attach pipe id.
66 Error Friction factor equation is missing or invalid for pipe id.
67 Error Unable to attach resistance id.
68 Error Program limit exceeded. MAX = value
69 Error "MODE" keyword for ID id was not followed by a matching keyword.
70 Error Initial mode for id does not correspond to any of the available constraints.
71 Error Unable to attach regulator id.
72 Error Unable to attach block valve id.
73 Error Unable to attach check valve id.
74 Error Missing "MODE" keyword for ID id.
75 Warning Input or default page width is insufficient for output of ID names. Value changed to
value.
76 Error Unable to attach external regulator id.
77 Error Maximum number of wall layers allowed is value.
78 Error Undefined keyword
79 Error The type specified for external regulator id is missing or invalid.
80 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of fluid types. Current number allowed is value.
81 Error fluid was defined to have METHOD = MOLE. User qualities can be entered only with
fluids for which METHOD = QUAL.
82 Warning The mole percent values entered for fluid type id sum to value. Normalization has been
used to adjust the composition. Please see the "Fluid Types Report” for a listing of the
new values.
83 Error Error message not implemented.
84 Error The mole percent values entered for fluid type id sum to value.

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85 Error The equation of state selected is compositional. All fluids defined must have
METHOD=MOLE.
86 Error Node connection was not provided for external regulator id.
87 Error External regulator keyword keyword is missing for ID id.
88 Error Unable to find user-defined units file filename.
89 Error Error encountered while reading user-defined units file filename
90 Error Temperature flag in user-defined units file must be "1" or "2"
91 Error A fluid type named id has already been entered.
92 Error "WALL" not followed by related keyword.
93 Error "HTFILM" not followed by related keyword.
94 Error Resistance coefficient was not entered for resistance id.
95 Error Percent open was not entered for block valve id.
96 Error Pipe wall heat transfer film coefficient choice is missing or invalid for ID id.
97 Error Unable to attach stand-alone unit id.
98 Error “HTFILMO” not followed by related keyword.
99 Error Required keyword "keyword" is missing.
100 Error Error Message Not Implemented
101 Error Invalid Surge input. Both SPEED and FLOW are required.
102 Error Invalid Stonewall input. Both SPEED and FLOW are required.
103 Error At ID id: The number of data points supplied for HEAD, SPEED, and FLOW are not the
same.
104 Error Both SPEED and FLOW must be entered.
105 Error Both HEAD and EFFAD are required.
106 Error Turbine Performance Type id: Very large errors detected in curve fit for maximum
power.
107 Error Turbine Performance Type id: Curve fit for maximum power curve failed.
108 Error All head data must be entered.
109 Error All crank data must be entered.
110 Error Centrifugal Performance Type id: Very large errors detected in head curve fit.
111 Error Centrifugal Performance Type id: Curve fit for head curve failed.
112 Error Centrifugal Performance Type id: Very large errors detected in curve fit for efficiency.
113 Error Centrifugal Performance Type id: Curve fit for efficiency curve failed.
114 Error Turbine Performance Type id: Very large errors detected in curve fit for heat rate.
115 Error Turbine Performance Type id: Curve fit for heat rate curve failed.
116 Error At ID id : The number of data points supplied for PCTSPD, PCTPWR, and PCTHTR are
not the same.
117 Error HEAT RATE data was not all entered.
118 Warning No source fluid was input for supply xreg id. The fluid type used will be id.
119 Error MAX POWER data was not all entered.
120 Error No fluid types have been defined for this problem. Please enter a fluid type in the
*FLUID paragraph.
121 Error Not all the turbine data was entered.
122 Error Not all the driver data was entered.
123 Warning No fluid temperature was input for supply xreg id. Temperature assumed to be value.
124 Error A pipe named id has already been entered.
125 Error This ID has not been entered yet.
126 Error Maximum number of knots exceeded. Number available = value Number requested =
value
127 Error <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
<<< FATAL ERROR IN PARAGRAPH *paragraph >>>
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

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128 Error No source fluid was provided for supply xreg id. User input is required when quality
tracking is selected.
129 Error Data provided for pipe id is insufficient to define the pipe wall.
130 Error Pipe id has too many increments specified for the pipe wall.
131 Error No wall thicknesses have been given.
132 Error No wall layer segments have been given.
133 Error No wall specific heats have been given.
134 Error No wall thermal conductivities have been given.
135 Error No wall densities have been given.
136 Error No inner film coefficient specified for this pipe.
137 Error Upstream node reference not supplied for pipe id.
138 Error Downstream node reference not supplied for pipe id.
139 Error ID = id: Pipe length is missing or invalid.
140 Error ID = id: Pipe diameter is invalid.
141 Error Upstream and downstream nodes are the same for pipe id.
142 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of nodes. Current number allowed is value.
143 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of legs. Current number allowed is value.
144 Error An equipment device named id has already been entered.
145 Error Upstream node reference not supplied for equipment id.
146 Error Downstream node reference not supplied for equipment id.
147 Error Upstream and downstream nodes are the same for equipment id.
148 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of equipment devices. Current number allowed is
value.
149 Error At ID id: Exceeded max. number of equipment constraints. Current number allowed is
value.
150 Error ID id: Redundant constraint specified.
151 Error ID id: Invalid constraint type selected.
152 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of external regulators. Current number allowed is
value.
153 Error An external regulator named id has already been entered.
154 Warning Quality tracking is off. The source fluid for external regulator id will be id.
155 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of xreg constraints. Current number allowed is
value.
156 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of variable data values. current number allowed is
value.
157 Error A station named id has already been entered.
158 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of stations. Current number allowed is value.
159 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of banks. Current number allowed is value.
160 Error A bank named id has already been entered.
161 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of bank constraints. Current number allowed is
value.
162 Error A group named id has already been entered.
163 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number groups per bank. Current number allowed is
value.
164 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of equipment devices allowed in a group. Current
number allowed is value.
165 Error Unable to attach station unit id.
166 Error Unable to attach group id.
167 Error Unable to attach bank id.
168 Error Unable to attach station id.
169 Error Upstream node reference not supplied for station id.

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170 Error Downstream node reference not supplied for station id.
171 Error Upstream and downstream nodes are the same for station id.
172 Warning Surge point for id determined internally.
173 Warning Stonewall point for id determined internally.
174 Error A cylinder type named id has already been entered.
175 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of cylinder types. Current number allowed is
value.
176 Error A compressor/pump performance type named id has already been entered.
177 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of compressor/pump performance types. Current
number allowed is value.
178 Error Unable to resolve cylinder references at CPID id.
179 Warning Compressor id references a driver but not a fuel xreg. The fuel used may appear as a
nonzero steady-state packing rate.
180 Error A driver performance type named id has already been entered.
181 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of driver performance types. Current number
allowed is value.
182 Error A driver named id has already been entered.
183 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of drivers Current number allowed is value.
184 Error Driver type and driver performance type are incompatible.
185 Error Error in description of driver id.
186 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of bank groups. Current number allowed is value.
187 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of pipe wall layers. Current number allowed is
value.
188 Warning At ID id: Valve loss is allowed for reciprocating units only. Value will not be used.
189 Error This pressure value is higher than the maximum allowed (value). To change the
maximum value, use the PMAX keyword in the *CONTROL paragraph.
190 Warning A default maximum value of value will be imposed on all pressures in the network. Since
this pressure setpoint is close to the limit, you may want to change the maximum
allowed. To do this, use the PMAX keyword in the *CONTROL paragraph.
191 Error At ID id: The number of data points supplied for EFFAD, SPEED, and FLOW are not the
same.
192 Error At ID id: The number of data points supplied for PCTSPD and PCTPWR are not the
same.
193 Warning Centrifugal Performance Type id: Large errors detected in head curve fit.
194 Error At node id: Exceeded maximum number of equipment devices which can be connected
at a single node. Current number allowed is value.
195 Error At node id: Exceeded maximum number of legs which can be connected at a single
node. Current number allowed is value.
196 Error At node id: Exceeded maximum number of external regulators which can be connected
at a single node. Current number allowed is value.
197 Error At node id: Exceeded maximum number of stations which can be connected at a single
node. Current number allowed is value.
198 Error At node id: Exceeded maximum number of banks which can be connected at a single
node. Current number allowed is value.
199- Error Error Message Not Implemented
200
201 Error Time step limit is zero or negative
202 Error Minimum time step limit is greater than maximum time step limit.
203 Error Accuracy tolerance must lie between 1 and 10
204 Error Ramping is done at the bank level. id is a station ID. Please enter a bank ID.
205 Error A device ID has not been specified.
206 Error Setpoint/Constraint type not specified for ID id.
207 Error No Setpoint/Constraint values have been specified for ID id.

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208 Error No time values have been specified for ID id.

209 Error At ID id: Number of times entered = value. Number of data values = value
210 Error Values and times given can't be entered into schedule.
211 Error No TIME keyword has been entered for ID id.
212 Error No VALUE keyword has been entered for ID id.
213 Error At ID id: The setpoint selected cannot be ramped when used with this device type.
214 Error Device does not exist in the configuration.
215 Error The print time specified, value is too short. The number of report times exceeds the
report array dimension of value. Try a longer print interval.
216 Warning The power limit for id will be provided by the referenced driver. The input MAXPWR
constraint will be ignored.
217 Warning ID id: Speed constraints require a CPID reference. The input MAXSPD or MINSPD
constraint will be ignored.
218 Error Cannot ramp this constraint without selecting a compositional equation of state and
quality tracking options.
219 Warning Ramping is done at the bank level. id is a station name. ID has been changed to id.
220 Error Error in time-stepping keywords TMIN, TMAX, or TACCUR.
221 Error Plotting requires file name and extension. This will not be plotted. Input example: XREG
SUPPLY1 PRES PLOT [SUPPLY1P HPP]
222 Error This configuration does not contain a pipe named id.
223 Error This configuration does not contain an equipment device named id.
224 Error This configuration does not contain an external regulator named id.
225 Error This configuration does not contain a station named id.
226 Error This configuration does not contain a bank named id.
227 Error This configuration does not contain a node named id.
228 Error The quality id has not been defined.
229 Error This configuration does not contain a centrifugal performance type named id.
230 Error This configuration does not contain a driver named id.
231 Error This configuration does not contain a fluid named id.
232 Error A fuel xreg must be defined before being referenced. Please locate the definition of id
before that of id.
233 Error A cylinder type must be defined before being referenced. Please locate the definition of
id before that of id.
234 Error A performance type must be defined before being referenced. Please locate the
definition of id before that of id.
235 Warning A block valve report was selected, but the configuration contains no block valves. The
report will not appear.
236 Warning A check valve report was selected, but the configuration contains no check valves. The
report will not appear.
237 Warning A unit report was selected, but the configuration contains no stand-alone units. The
report will not appear.
238 Warning A regulator report was selected, but the configuration contains no regulators. The report
will not appear.
239 Warning A resistance report was selected, but the configuration contains no resistance elements.
The report will not appear.
240 Warning A supply external regulator report was selected, but the configuration contains no
supplies. The report will not appear.
241 Warning A delivery external regulator report was selected, but the configuration contains no
deliveries. The report will not appear.
242 Warning A leak external regulator report was selected, but the configuration contains no leak
xregs. The report will not appear.
243 Warning A fuel delivery external regulator report was selected, but the configuration contains no
fuel xregs. The report will not appear.

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244 Warning An energy delivery external regulator report was selected, but the configuration contains
no energy xregs. The report will not appear.
245 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of setpoints which can be ramped. Current
maximum is value.
246 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of ramp intervals. Current maximum is value.
247 Error At ID id: Error in transient scenario time schedule.
248 Error At ID id: Setpoint selected for ramping does not exist.
249 Error ID id is not a supply. Quality values cannot be ramped at this device.
250 Error Unable to ramp status at id. Only units have variable status.
251 Error Volume accumulation is done at the bank level. id is a station ID. Please enter a bank
ID.
252 Warning Volume accumulation is done at the bank level. id is a station name. ID has been
changed to id.
253 Error Alarm limits are defined at the bank level. id is a station ID. Please enter a bank ID.
254 Warning Alarm limits are defined at the bank level. id is a station name. ID has been changed to
id.
255 Error At ID id: Exceeded maximum number of report files. Current maximum is value.
256 Error User quality id is #value on the list of qualities. The maximum number of qualities
assigned trend parameters is value
257 Error This configuration does not contain a plant named id.
258 Error Exceeded maximum number of plants which can be connected at a single node. Current
number allowed is value.
259 Error Exceeded maximum number of plants. Current number allowed is value.
260 Error A plant named id has already been entered.
261 Error Error defining external regulator associated with plant id. Check xreg message for error
type.
262 Error Error defining equipment device associated with plant id. Check equipment message for
error type.
263 Error Error defining internal node for plant id.
264 Error A node named id already exists.
265 Error NGL plants require a molar equation of state. Please select a different equation of state.
266 Error The type specified for plant id is missing or invalid.
267 Error Upstream node reference not supplied for plant id.
268 Error Exceeded maximum number of plant constraints. Current number allowed is value.
269 Error Unable to attach plant id.
270 Error Component id was not defined in the component library. Check the component keyword
against the list in the SSI_PVT_XREF system file or, if using and external PVT package,
the EXT_PVT_XREF system file.
271 Error Exceeded maximum number of components. Current maximum is value.
272 Error At fluid ID id: Exceeded maximum number of components. Current maximum is value.
273 Error The component id has not been defined. All components must be defined in the *FLUID
paragraph.
274 Error The component id may not be trended. The equation of state selected in the *OPTIONS
paragraph uses base qualities only.
275 Error For component id the keyword PROPERTIES appears more than once. It must be used
once only for each component.
276 Error Binary interaction coefficients may not be modified when the equation of state selected
in the *OPTIONS paragraph uses base qualities only.
277 Warning The component id may not form a binary with itself. The binary interaction coefficient will
be set to zero.
278 Error For component id all ideal fluid heat capacity coefficients must be entered.
279 Error For component id the keyword BINARY appears more than once. It must be used once
only for each primary component.

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280 Error No primary or secondary component name has been entered in the *COMPONENT
paragraph. The primary component is that which proceeds the PROPERTIES and
BINARY keywords. The secondary component follows the BINARY keyword. One of
these components is missing.
281 Error The PVT file filename does not exist. Check the name in the *FLUID paragraph, the
name given in the Standalone PVT input and the *.PVT entries in your data directory.
282 Error Leak simulation external regulators are not implemented for liquid phase. Please
reconfigure without this device.
283 Error Downstream node reference not supplied for plant id.
284 Error Upstream and downstream nodes are the same for plant id.
285 Error An equipment device must be defined before being referenced. Please locate the
definition of id before that of id.
286 Error At ID id: Equipment device reference is missing or invalid.
287 Error Unable to convert selected plant constraint ramp to an internal device ramp.
288 Error The external regulator id is not defined as a supply.
289 Warning The surge flow value for CPID id has been changed from value to value.
290 Warning The stonewall flow value for CPID id has been changed from value to value.
291 Error Compressor id is locked off. The initial mode must be CHECK or FREE.
292 Error Too many model batches created from quality batches.
293 Error The fluid type id has not been defined.
294 Error Unable to ramp status at id. Please use COND*ITION keyword instead of VALUE.
295 Error State date must be between 1970 and 2037.
296- Error Error Message Not Implemented
300
301 Error No monthly average ambient temperatures have been given.
302 Error Insufficient monthly average ambient temperatures have been given. A minimum of
value must be given.
303 Error No monthly average sea currents have been given.
304 Error Insufficient monthly average sea current values have been given. A minimum of value
must be given.
305 Error Pipe outer wall heat transfer film coefficient choice is missing or invalid for ID id.
306 Error No monthly average sea currents have been given for ID id.
307 Error Insufficient monthly average sea current values have been given for ID id. A minimum of
value must be given.
308 Error No monthly average ambient temperatures have been given for ID id.
309 Error Insufficient monthly average ambient temperatures have been given for ID id. A
minimum of value must be given.
310 Error No outer film coefficient specified for this pipe.
311 Error Either soil conductivity or burial depth or both are missing for pipe id.
312 Error Data provided for pipe id are insufficient to define the surrounding medium.
313 Error No sea current velocity has been provided for pipe id.
314 Error The monthly average sea current tables provided for pipe id are incomplete.
315 Warning The burial depth given for pipe id indicates the pipe to be DEEP buried. SHALLOW was
specified.
316 Warning The burial depth given for pipe id indicates the pipe to be SHALLOW buried. DEEP was
specified.
317 Error No ambient temperature has been provided for pipe id.
318 Error The monthly average ambient temperature tables provided for pipe id are incomplete.
319 Error Fluid qualities are defined by base qualities (METHOD = QUAL in *FLUID). Individual
components may not be associated with alarm limits.
320 Warning To use Quality Alarming, Quality Tracking must be turned ON in the *OPTIONS
paragraph. Quality Alarming will be disabled.
321 Warning The UNITS keyword may only be associated with individual component qualities.

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322 Warning Specified quality does not exist.

323 Warning To use Two Phase and/or Hydrate Alarming, Temperature Tracking must be turned ON
in the *OPTIONS paragraph. Two Phase Alarming will be disabled.
324 Warning The value for the INTERVAL keyword must be at least value units. The default value of
value units has been used.
325 Warning To use Two Phase and/or Hydrate Alarming, a compositional equation of state must be
selected in the *OPTIONS paragraph. Two Phase Alarming will be disabled.
326 Error The pipe leg id is not connected to the selected mixing point node.
327 Error The pipe leg id has no quality alarm limits specified.
328 Error The mixing point id has too many optimizable qualities specified. The maximum number
allowed is value.
329 Error The mixing point id has too many optimizable supply points specified. The maximum
allowed is value.
330 Error The number of mixing points has been exceeded. The maximum number allowed is
value.
331 Error The mixing point id has too many feed legs specified. The maximum number allowed is
value.
332- Error Error Message Not Implemented
400
401 Error Inventory subnetwork id already exists.
402 Error Max number of inventory subnetworks exceeded.
403 Error PIPE id specified for subnetwork does not exist.
404 Error Unable to insert PIPE id in subnetwork.
405 Error XREG id specified for subnetwork does not exist.
406 Error Unable to insert XREG id in subnetwork.
407 Error No xreg specified for subnetwork id.
408 Error Pipe not defined id
409 Error Instrument type already defined id
410 Error Error adding instrument type id
411 Error Profile line id already exists.
412 Error Unable to create profile line id.
413 Error PIPE id does not exist.
414 Error Unable to insert PIPE id into profile line.
415 Error Profile line id has no pipes.
416 Error Mask id already exists.
417 Error Unable to initialize mask id.
418 Error Specified device id does not exist.
419 Error Check valve not allowed for equipment id.
420 Error External regulator id does not exist.
421 Error Check valve not allowed for XREG id.
422 Error Unable to set or add measurement id.
423 Error Override cannot be defined for instrument id.
424 Error Instrument type id not defined.
425 Error Free flow not allowed for equipment id.
426 Error Instruments not allowed for id.
427 Error Instrument already defined: id
428 Error Error adding instrument id.
429 Error Mask cannot be specified for instrument id.
430 Error Mask id is not defined.
431 Error Illegal control specified for XREG id.
432 Error Illegal control specified for EQP id.

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433 Error Unable to set real time control mode for id.
434 Error Multiple real time control mode for id.
435 Error User qualities cannot be defined for PipelineStudio
436 Error Fluid types cannot be defined for PipelineStudio
437 Error Illegal API gravity range for liquid type id.
438 Error Bulk modulus must be entered for liquid type id
439 Error Inconsistent bulk modulus entry for liquid type id
440 Error Too few grid points for int. Corr. Of bulk mod. Type: id
441 Error Too few grid points for ext. Corr. Of bulk mod. Type:id
442 Error Too many grid points for int. Corr. Of bulk mod. Type: id
443 Error Too many grid points for ext. Corr. Of bulk mod. Type: id
444 Error Unable to curvefit bulk modulus data for liquid type id
445 Error Thermal expansion must be entered for liquid type id
446 Error Inconsistent thermal expansion entry for liquid type id
447 Error Too few grid points for int. Corr. Of t. Exp. Type: id
448 Error Too few grid points for ext. Corr. Of t. Exp. Type: id
449 Error Too many grid points for int. Corr. Of t. Exp. Type: id
450 Error Too many grid points for ext. Corr. Of t. Exp. Type: id
451 Error Unable to curve fit thermal expansion data for type id
452 Error Heat capacity must be entered for liquid type id
453 Error Inconsistent heat capacity entry for liquid type id
454 Error Too few grid points for int. Corr. Of hcap for type: id
455 Error Too few grid points for ext. Corr. Of hcap for type: id
456 Error Too many grid points for int. Corr. Of hcap for type: id
457 Error Too many grid points for ext. Corr. Of hcap for type: id
458 Error Unable to curvefit heat capacity data for liquid type id
459 Error Inconsistent viscosity entry for liquid type id
460 Error Too few grid points for correlation of visc. For type: id
461 Error Too many grid points for correlation of visc. For type: id
462 Error Unable to curvefit viscosity data for liquid type id
463 Error Liquid type id already exists
464 Error Error adding liquid type id
465 Error Invalid default batch liquid type id
466 Error Invalid default batch API
467 Error Default batch external regulator does not exist
468 Error Illegal liquid type entered for batch id
469 Error External regulator does not exist for batch id
470 Error User line or subline id does not exist
471 Error Batch fill sequence already exists for user line id
472 Error Max number of batch fill sequences exceeded
473 Error Illegal API for liquid type for batch id
474 Error "Batch" not followed by related keyword
475 Error Component id does not exist
476 Error Component id already in another user line
477 Error Unable to add component id to user line
478 Error Inconsistent elevation entry for user line id
479 Error Max number of elevation entries, value exceeded
480 Error Drivers are currently not available
481 Error User qualities are currently not available

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482 Error Supply temperature required with temperature tracking

483 Warning Illegal time and date format.
484 Error Illegal configuration number.
485 Warning State date or time can not be specified for a transient run.
486 Error No empty slots to add configuration.
487 Error Valid only for online system
488 Error Error processing config name data.
489 Error Specified scraper run name already exists.
490 Error Exceeded maximum number of scraper runs.
491 Error Specified launch XREG does not exist.
492 Error Error attaching launch XREG to scraper run.
493 Error Specified receive XREG does not exist.
494 Error Error attaching receive XREG to scraper run.
495 Error Specified member leg does not exist.
496 Error Error attaching leg to scraper run.
497 Error No scraper run has been defined.
498 Error Head knot for scraper run id out of range. Maximum number of knots permitted in a
scraper run is twice the number used for hydraulic calculations.
499 Error Tail knot for scraper run id out of range. Maximum number of knots permitted in a
scraper run is twice the number used for hydraulic calculations.
500 Error Head and tail knots for scraper run are out of order.

TLNET error messages

The data in a configuration file is processed by PipelineStudio prior to performing a steady-state or a transient
simulation. During this process, PipelineStudio evaluates the data entered to ensure that the data are valid and
that the program can make the desired calculations. If PipelineStudio detects an error or a potential problem, an
error message is generated and written to an output file.
The following is a summary of the error messages generated by PipelineStudio. Each message is preceded by
an error message number. There are two classes of error messages: “c” and “x”.
The messages described in this topic use various wildcard characters to indicate data definitions that are
provided by the program. The data definitions will change depending on the exact nature of the error or warning
encountered.
Wildcard data definitions used in this topic are:
aaa = filename
kkk = keyword
nnn = number
xxx = equipment ID
zzz = liquid type ID
pnam = paragraph name

Messages for error class c

0001C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF EXTERNAL REGULATORS.

CURRENT MAXIMUM = nnn

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0002C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF KNOTS. CURRENT MAXIMUM =

nnn

0003C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF LEGS. CURRENT MAXIMUM =

nnn

0004C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT. CURRENT

MAXIMUM = nnn

0005C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF NODES. CURRENT MAXIMUM=

nnn

0007C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF EXT. REG. CONSTRAINTS.

CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0008C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT CONSTRAINTS.

CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0009C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF RAMP INTERVALS. CURRENT

MAXIMUM= nnn

0010C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF RAMPED SETPOINTS.

CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0011C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF PUMP PERFORMANCE TYPES.

CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0012C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF TURBINE PERFORMANCE

TYPES. CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0013C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF CURVE DATA POINTS.

CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0014C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF TURBINE TYPES. CURRENT

MAXIMUM= nnn

0015C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF REPORTS. CURRENT

MAXIMUM= nnn

0016C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF EXTERNAL REGULATORS IN A

COMPRESSOR STATION. CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0017C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT IN A COMPRESSOR

STATION. CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0018C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF COMPRESSOR STATION

CONSTRAINTS. CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

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0019C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF VARIABLE DATA AT

EQUIPMENT. CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0020C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF TRENDS. CURRENT MAXIMUM=

nnn

0021C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT STATIONS.

CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0022C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF LIQUID TYPES. CURRENT

MAXIMUM= nnn

0023C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX NUMBER OF CONNECTED LEGS AT A NODE. CURRENT

MAXIMUM= nnn

0024C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX NUMBER OF CONNECTED EQPS AT A NODE. CURRENT

MAXIMUM= nnn

0025C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX NUMBER OF CONNECTED XRGS AT A NODE. CURRENT

MAXIMUM= nnn

0026C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF DATA POINTS. CURRENT

MAXIMUM= nnn

0027C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF QUEUED BATCHES.

CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0028C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF FILL BATCHES. CURRENT

MAXIMUM= nnn

0029C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF MODEL BATCHES.

CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0030C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF LABELLED BATCHES.

CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0031C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF INTERFACES. CURRENT

MAXIMUM= nnn

0032C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF USER LINES. CURRENT

MAXIMUM= nnn

0033C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF ROUTING NODES.

CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0034C WARNING: EXCEEDED MAX ALLOWABLE NUMBER OF SLOTS IN ROUTING QUEUE.

CURRENT MAXIMUM= nnn

0101C ERROR: EXTERNAL REGULATOR DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

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0102C ERROR: LEG DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0103C ERROR: EQUIPMENT DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0104C ERROR: NODE DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0105C ERROR: EQUIPMENT CONSTRAINT WAS NOT SELECTED. PLEASE REENTER.

0106C ERROR: EXT. REG. CONSTRAINT WAS NOT SELECTED. PLEASE REENTER.

0107C ERROR: TURBINE PERFORMANCE TYPE DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0108C ERROR: PUMP PERFORMANCE TYPE DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0109C ERROR: TURBINE TYPE DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0110C ERROR: COMPRESSOR STATION DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0111C ERROR: COMPRESSOR STATION CONSTRAINT WAS NOT SELECTED. PLEASE

REENTER.

0112C ERROR: LIQUID TYPE DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0113C ERROR: USER QUALITY DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0114C ERROR: DATA POINT DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0115C ERROR: TREND DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0116C ERROR: RAMPED SETPOINT/CONSTRAINT OR INLET FLUID CONDITION DOES NOT

EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0117C ERROR: RAMP INTERVAL DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0118C ERROR: SCHEDULE DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0119C ERROR: REPORT NUMBER DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0120C ERROR: BATCH DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0121C ERROR: USER LINE DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

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0122C ERROR: ELEVATION PROFILE DOES NOT EXIST. PLEASE

REENTER.

0201C ERROR: INVALID EXTERNAL REGULATOR TYPE. PLEASE REENTER.

0202C ERROR: INVALID EQUIPMENT TYPE. PLEASE REENTER.

0203C ERROR: INVALID EQUIPMENT MODE. PLEASE REENTER.

0204C ERROR: INVALID EQUIPMENT CONSTRAINT TYPE. PLEASE REENTER.

0205C ERROR: INVALID EXTERNAL REGULATOR MODE. PLEASE REENTER.

0206C ERROR: INVALID EXT. REG. CONSTRAINT TYPE. PLEASE

REENTER.

0207C FATAL ERROR: INVALID TEMPERATURE FLAG IN UDUNITS FILE.

0208C ERROR: THE SAME NODE CANNOT BE USED AT BOTH ENDS. PLEASE REENTER.

0209C ERROR: EXTERNAL REGULATOR IS NOT A SUPPLY. PLEASE REENTER.

0210C ERROR: CURVE FIT IMPOSSIBLE. CHECK FOR BAD DATA POINTS.

0211C ERROR: INVALID COMPRESSOR STATION TYPE. PLEASE

REENTER.

0212C ERROR: INVALID COMPRESSOR STATION CONSTRAINT TYPE. PLEASE REENTER.

0213C ERROR: INVALID COMPRESSOR STATION MODE. PLEASE REENTER.

0214C ERROR: DATA POINTS NOT INDEPENDENT. PLEASE CORRECT.

0215C ERROR: THIS PERFORMANCE TYPE DOES NOT HAVE THE SELECTED CURVE.
PLEASE RESELECT.

0216C ERROR: TURBINE PERFORMANCE TYPE CANNOT BE DELETED. IT IS BEING

REFERENCED BY A TURBINE. PLEASE REENTER.

0217C ERROR: INVALID MIXING RULE. PLEASE REENTER.

0218C ERROR: INVALID METHOD OF ENTRY. FLUID TYPES ARE DISABLED. PLEASE
REENTER.

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0219C ERROR: INVALID COMPONENT. PLEASE REENTER.

0220C ERROR: ZERO IDS ARE NOT ALLOWED. PLEASE REENTER.

0221C ERROR: INVALID FUNCTION. PLEASE REENTER.

0222C ERROR: INVALID COMPONENT TYPE. PLEASE REENTER.

0223C ERROR: INCOMPLETE LINE FILL. PLEASE REENTER.

0224C ERROR: DATA POINT NOT ALLOWED TO BE DELETED. PLEASE REENTER.

0225C ERROR: ELEVATION PROFILE ENDPOINT MILEPOSTS DO NOT MATCH WITH THE
PIPELINE LENGTH. PLEASE CHANGE THE PROFILES OR THE USER
LINES TO CORRECT.

0226C ERROR: TWO OR MORE ELEVATION PROFILE DATA POINTS HAVE THE SAME
MILEPOST VALUE. PLEASE CHANGE THE ELEVATION PROFILE DATA
TO CORRECT.

0301C ERROR: EQUIPMENT CONSTRAINT TYPE ALREADY SELECTED. PLEASE RESELECT.

0302C ERROR: EXTERNAL REGULATOR CONSTRAINT TYPE ALREADY SELECTED.PLEASE

RESELECT.

0303C ERROR: LEG ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0304C ERROR: EQUIPMENT DEVICE ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE

REENTER.

0305C ERROR: EXTERNAL REGULATOR ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0306C ERROR: NODE ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0307C ERROR: PUMP PERFORMANCE TYPE ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0308C ERROR: TURBINE PERFORMANCE TYPE ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0309C ERROR: TURBINE TYPE ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0310C ERROR: SCHEDULE ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0311C ERROR: COMPRESSOR STATION CONSTRAINT TYPE ALREADY SELECTED.PLEASE

REENTER.

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0312C ERROR: COMPRESSOR STATION ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0313C ERROR: TREND ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0314C ERROR: USER QUALITY ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0315C ERROR: A SCHEDULE ALREADY EXISTS FOR THE SPECIFIED SETPOINT/CONSTRAINT.

PLEASE REENTER.

0316C ERROR: A SCHEDULE ALREADY EXISTS FOR THE SPECIFIED INLET FLUID CONDITION.
PLEASE REENTER.

0317C ERROR: LIQUID TYPE ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0318C ERROR: BATCH ID ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0319C ERROR: FILL BATCHES ALREADY EXIST. PLEASE REENTER.

0320C ERROR: COMPONENT IS ALREADY IN A USER LINE. PLEASE REENTER.

0321C ERROR: USER DEFINED SUBLINE ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0322C ERROR: MILEPOST ALREADY EXISTS. PLEASE REENTER.

0401C ERROR: ERROR ENCOUNTERED WHILE READING FILE aaa.

0402C ERROR: INVALID DATA FORMAT ERROR. PLEASE REENTER.

0403C ERROR: FILE aaa NOT FOUND.

0404C ERROR: NO DATA ENTERED. DATA MUST BE ENTERED BEFORE CONTINUING TO

NEXT SECTION.

0405C WARNING: NO DATA HAVE BEEN ENTERED FOR THIS SECTION. THE FILES HAVE NOT
BEEN WRITTEN.

0406C WARNING: DATA NOT FOUND FOR FILE aaa.

0601C THIS EQUIPMENT TYPE HAS A FIXED SETPOINT/CONSTRAINT SELECTION.

0602C THIS EXT. REG. TYPE HAS A FIXED SETPOINT/CONSTRAINT SELECTION.

0603C THIS EQUIPMENT TYPE HAS ONLY ONE MODE AVAILABLE.

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0604C THIS EXTERNAL REGULATOR TYPE HAS ONLY ONE MODE AVAILABLE.

0605C THIS EQUIPMENT TYPE HAS NO SETPOINT/CONSTRAINT

VALUES.

0606C CALCULATING STEADY STATE.

0607C nnn PERCENT OF THE COMPOSITION HAS BEEN SPECIFIED AND THE MOLE
FRACTIONS HAVE BEEN NORMALIZED.

0608C INITIAL REPORT BEING PRINTED IN FILE aaa.

0609C THIS COMPRESSOR STATION TYPE HAS A FIXED SETPOINT/ CONSTRAINT

SELECTION.

0610C THIS EQUIPMENT TYPE HAS A FIXED MODE SELECTION.

0611C THERE ARE NO SETPOINT/CONSTRAINTS AVAILABLE TO RAMP.

0612C THERE ARE NO SETPOINT/CONSTRAINTS TO DISPLAY.

0701C ERROR: EQUIPMENT CONSTRAINT VALUE IS TOO SMALL. THE VALUE MUST BE
GREATER THAN nnn. PLEASE REENTER.

0702C ERROR: EQUIPMENT CONSTRAINT VALUE IS TOO SMALL. THE VALUE MUST BE
GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO nnn. PLEASE REENTER.

0703C ERROR: EQUIPMENT CONSTRAINT VALUE IS TOO LARGE. THE VALUE MUST BE LESS
THAN OR EQUAL TO nnn. PLEASE REENTER.

0704C ERROR: EXTERNAL REGULATOR CONSTRAINT VALUE IS TOO SMALL. THE VALUE
MUST BE GREATER THAN nnn. PLEASE REENTER.

0705C ERROR: EXTERNAL REGULATOR CONSTRAINT VALUE IS TOO SMALL. THE VALUE
MUST BE GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO nnn. PLEASE REENTER.

0706C ERROR: INVALID ENTRY. PLEASE REENTER USING 0 OR 1.

0707C ERROR: VALUE MUST BE GREATER THAN 0. PLEASE REENTER.

0708C ERROR: VALUE MUST BE GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 0. PLEASE REENTER.

0709C ERROR: MAXIMUM MUST BE GREATER THAN THE MINIMUM. PLEASE REENTER.

0710C ERROR: ENTERED VALUE IS TOO LARGE. THE VALUE MUST BE LESS THAN nnn.
PLEASE REENTER.

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0711C ERROR: REPORT TIME MUST BE WITHIN THE TIMETABLE. PLEASE REENTER.

0712C ERROR: REPORT TIMES MUST BE IN INCREASING ORDER. PLEASE REENTER.

0713C ERROR: COMPRESSOR STATION CONSTRAINT VALUE IS TOO SMALL. THE VALUE
MUST BE GREATER THAN nnn. PLEASE REENTER.

0714C ERROR: FINAL TIME MUST BE GREATER THAN INITIAL TIME. PLEASE REENTER.

0715C ERROR: EFFICIENCY MUST BE GREATER THAN 0 AND LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 100.
PLEASE REENTER.

0716C ERROR: SPECIFIED TIME IS PAST THE END OF ANOTHER

RAMP INTERVAL. PLEASE REENTER.

0717C ERROR: ENTERED VALUE IS TOO SMALL. THE VALUE MUST BE GREATER THAN nnn.
PLEASE REENTER.

0718C ERROR: ENTERED VALUE IS TOO LARGE. THE VALUE MUST BE LESS THAN OR
EQUAL TO nnn. PLEASE REENTER.

0719C ERROR: ENTERED VALUE IS TOO SMALL. THE VALUE MUST BE GREATER THAN OR
EQUAL TO nnn. PLEASE REENTER.

0720C ERROR: API GRAVITY IS OUT OF RANGE DEFINED FOR THIS LIQUID TYPE. PLEASE
REENTER.

0721C ERROR: MILEPOST OUT OF RANGE. PLEASE REENTER.

0801C FATAL ERROR: INSUFFICIENT STORAGE ALLOCATED FOR NETWORK SOLUTION.

PLEASE GIVE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO ESI:
NUMBER OF EQUATIONS : nnn1
STORAGE ALLOCATED : nnn2
ERROR CODE : nnn3

0802C FATAL ERROR: INSUFFICIENT STORAGE ALLOCATED FOR NETWORK SOLUTION.

PLEASE GIVE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO ESI:
NUMBER OF NODES : nnn1
STORAGE ALLOCATED : nnn2
ERROR CODE : nnn3

0803C FATAL ERROR: INCORRECT EQUATION SPECIFICATION FOR EXTERNAL REGULATOR

xxx.
NUMBER OF EQUATIONS : nnn1
ERROR CODE : nnn2

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0804C FATAL ERROR: INCORRECT EQUATION SPECIFICATION FOR EQUIPMENT xxx.

NUMBER OF EQUATIONS : nnn1
ERROR CODE : nnn2

0805C FATAL ERROR: INCORRECT EQUATION SPECIFICATION FOR NODE xxx.

NUMBER OF EQUATIONS : nnn1
ERROR CODE : nnn2

0806C ERROR: UNABLE TO CALCULATE NETWORK SOLUTION. PLEASE CHECK THE

CONFIGURATION AROUND EXTERNAL REGULATOR xxx.

0807C ERROR: UNABLE TO CALCULATE NETWORK SOLUTION. PLEASE CHECK THE

CONFIGURATION AROUND EQUIPMENT xxx.

0808C ERROR: UNABLE TO CALCULATE NETWORK SOLUTION. PLEASE CHECK THE

CONFIGURATION AROUND NODE xxx.

0809C EST. EXTRA STORAGE REQ. : nnn4

0901C ERROR: EQUIPMENT MUST HAVE AT LEAST ONE SETPOINT/ CONSTRAINT. ENTER AT
LEAST ONE.

0902C ERROR: EXTERNAL REGULATOR MUST HAVE AT LEAST ONE SETPOINT/CONSTRAINT.

ENTER AT LEAST ONE.

0903C ERROR: AT LEAST nnn DATA POINTS MUST BE ENTERED.

0904C ERROR: STATION MUST HAVE AT LEAST ONE SETPOINT/

CONSTRAINT. PLEASE REENTER.

0905C ERROR: ZERO PERCENT OF THE COMPOSITION HAS BEEN SPECIFIED. ENTER AT
LEAST ONE COMPONENT.

0906C ERROR: INSUFFICIENT DATA HAVE BEEN ENTERED.

ENTER ALL DATA REQUESTED.

1001C ERROR: A NEW CONFIGURATION CANNOT BE ENTERED UNLESS PERFORMING A

STEADY STATE.

1002C ERROR: NEW MODES/SETPOINTS/CONSTRAINTS CANNOT BE ENTERED UNLESS

PERFORMING A STEADY STATE.

1003C ERROR: USER MUST START TRANSIENT SIMULATION FROM A STEADY STATE IN
ORDER TO USE THIS OPTION.

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1004C ERROR: BECAUSE THE USER IS NOT STARTING THE TRANSIENT SIMULATION FROM A
STEADY STATE THE CONSTRAINT ASSOCIATED WITH THE CURRENT
MODE CANNOT BE DELETED. PLEASE REENTER.

1005C ERROR: INVALID FUNCTION. PREVIOUS STATE DOES NOT EXIST. EITHER CHANGE
EXECUTION OPTIONS TO PERFORM NEW STEADY STATE OR SELECT
A DIFFERENT FUNCTION.

1006C ERROR: INVALID FUNCTION. QUALITY TRACKING OR USER QUALITIES DISABLED.

EITHER CHANGE EXECUTION OPTIONS OR SELECT A DIFFERENT
FUNCTION.

1007C ERROR: INVALID FUNCTION. FLUID TYPES DISABLED. EITHER CHANGE EXECUTION
OPTIONS OR SELECT A DIFFERENT FUNCTION.

1008C ERROR: INVALID FUNCTION. TEMPERATURE AND QUALITY TRACKING ENABLED.

EITHER CHANGE EXECUTION OPTIONS OR SELECT A DIFFERENT
FUNCTION.

1009C ERROR: INVALID FUNCTION. TEMPERATURE AND QUALITY TRACKING DISABLED.

EITHER CHANGE EXECUTION OPTIONS OR SELECT A DIFFERENT
FUNCTION

1010C ERROR: LIQUID TYPE zzz IS USED IN THE INITIAL STATE. NO CHANGES TO THIS
LIQUID TYPE ARE ALLOWED UNLESS STARTING FROM A
STEADY-STATE IN THE EXECUTION OPTIONS SECTION.

1101C ERROR: THE NETWORK CONTAINS PAIRS OF LEGS AND EQUIPMENT WHICH
CONNECT THE SAME TWO NODES.
PLEASE RECONNECT.

1102C WARNING: THE NETWORK CONTAINS ONE OR MORE SUBNETWORKS WHICH DO NOT
HAVE PRESSURE SETPOINTS AT ANY NODE. SUCH SUBNETWORKS
MAY PREVENT A SUCCESSFUL STEADY STATE RUN.

1103C WARNING: THE NETWORK IS COMPOSED OF TWO OR MORE DISCONNECTED

SUBNETWORKS.

1104C ERROR: THE NETWORK CONTAINS NODES WHICH ARE NOT CONNECTED TO ANY
OTHER NODES. PLEASE DELETE OR CONNECT.

1105C ERROR: UNABLE TO CALCULATE STEADY STATE.

1201C ERROR: INVALID COMPRESSOR STATION CONFIGURATION. LEGS ARE NOT ALLOWED
IN A COMPRESSOR STATION. LEG ID xxx.

1202C ERROR: INVALID TYPE OF EXTERNAL REGULATOR IN A COM COMPRESSOR STATION.

EXTERNAL REGULATOR ID xxx.

1203C ERROR: INVALID TYPE OF EQUIPMENT IN A COMPRESSOR STATION. EQUIPMENT ID

xxx.

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1204C ERROR: A DISCONTINUITY WAS DETECTED BETWEEN THE UPSIDE AND DOWNSIDE
NODES OF THE COMPRESSOR STATION.

1205C ERROR: MORE THAN ONE STATION COMPRESSOR CONNECTED TO THE UPSIDE
NODE OF A SERIES STATION.

1206C ERROR: A COMPRESSOR STATION MUST CONTAIN MORE THAN ONE COMPRESSOR.

1207C ERROR: COMPRESSOR xxx NOT CONNECTED BETWEEN THE UPSIDE AND DOWNSIDE
NODES OF A PARALLEL STATION.

1208C ERROR: COMPRESSOR STATION xxx DOES NOT HAVE ANY MEMBERS.

1209C ERROR: STATION COMPRESSOR xxx IS NOT IN A STATION.

1210C ERROR: COMPRESSOR xxx IS IN MORE THAN ONE STATION.

1211C ERROR: STATION EXTERNAL REGULATOR xxx IS NOT IN A STATION.

1212C ERROR: EXTERNAL REGULATOR xxx IS IN MORE THAN ONE STATION.

1213C WARNING: THE MEMBERS OF COMPRESSOR STATION xxx HAVE BEEN REMOVED.
THE STATION MUST BE RECONSTRUCTED IN THE CHANGE
COMPRESSOR STATION CONFIGURATION SECTION.

1214C STATION ID xxx.

1301C WARNING: INITIAL VALUES MUST BE ENTERED FOR THE NEW

SETPOINT/CONSTRAINT TYPES IN THE INITIAL VALUE SECTION.

1302C WARNING: FUEL DELIVERY EXTERNAL REGULATOR DELETED WAS REFERENCED BY

SOME COMPRESSORS. PLEASE CHECK COMPRESSOR
CONFIGURATION.

1303C WARNING: PUMP PERFORMANCE TYPE DELETED WAS REFERENCED BY SOME

PUMPS. PLEASE CHECK PUMP CONFIGURATION.

1304C WARNING: TURBINE TYPE DELETED WAS REFERENCED BY SOME PUMPS. PLEASE
CHECK PUMP CONFIGURATION.

1305C WARNING: DELETED SETPOINT/CONSTRAINT ASSOCIATED THE MODE. THE INITIAL

MODE MUST NOW BE RESET IN THE INITIAL VALUE SECTION.

1306C WARNING: TEMPERATURES AT SUPPLY EXTERNAL REGULATORS MAY NEED TO BE

ENTERED IN THE INLET FLUID CONDITIONS SECTION.

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1307C WARNING: QUALITIES AT SUPPLY EXTERNAL REGULATORS MAY NEED TO BE

ENTERED IN THE INLET FLUID CONDITIONS SECTION.

1308C WARNING: USER QUALITIES AT SUPPLY EXTERNAL REGULATORS MAY NEED TO BE

ENTERED IN THE INLET FLUID CONDITIONS SECTION.

1309C WARNING: INLET FLUID CONDITIONS WILL BE REINITIALIZED TO MATCH ANY

PREVIOUS SPECIFIED FLUID TYPES.

1310C WARNING: EXISTING FLUID TYPE DATA AND INLET FLUID CONDITIONS SHOULD BE
UPDATED FOR NEW USER QUALITIES.

1311C WARNING: NOMINAL TIME STEPS MAY NEED TO BE ENTERED FOR EACH RAMP
INTERVAL IN THE CHANGE SCHEDULE SECTION.

1312C WARNING: OPTION FOR NO REPORTS WAS SPECIFIED. NEW REPORT GENERATION
OPTIONS MUST BE ENTERED.

1313C ERROR: LIQUID TYPE zzz IS USED AS THE SYSTEM-WIDE LIQUID TYPE. IT CANNOT BE
DELETED UNLESS THE SYTEM- WIDE LIQUID IS CHANGED IN THE
SYSTEM-WIDE FLUID SECTION.

1314C ERROR: LIQUID TYPE zzz IS USED IN THE INITIAL BATCH FILL. IT CANNOT BE
DELETED UNLESS THE BATCH FILL IS CHANGED IN THE INLET FLUID
CONDITIONS SECTION.

1315C WARNING: CHANGES TO THE CONFIGURATION REQUIRE UPDATES TO THE

USER-DEFINED LINE DATA. PLEASE MAKE THE NECESSARY
CORRECTIONS NOW.

1316C WARNING: CHANGES TO THE CONFIGURATION MAY REQUIRE UPDATES TO THE

USER-DEFINED LINES. PLEASE REVIEW THE DATA NOW.

1317C WARNING: INITIAL BATCH LINE FILL VALUES MUST BE CHANGED IN THE INLET FLUID
CONDITIONS SECTION.

1318C WARNING: CHANGING EQUATION OF STATE REQUIRES EXTENSIVE CHANGES OF

INPUT DATA. THE FOLLOWING INPUT SECTIONS NEED TO BE
RE-ENTERED:
USER-SPECIFIED QUALITY
FLUID TYPE DEFINITION
SYSTEM-WIDE FLUID CONDITIONS
INLET FLUID CONDITIONS
TRANSIENT SCENARIO
INITIAL AND TRANSIENT REPORT OPTIONS

1319C WARNING: EXISTING DATA POINTS WILL KEEP THEIR ORIGINAL GRAVITY VALUES.
PLEASE EDIT TO MAKE SURE THAT ALL DATA POINTS STAY WITHIN
THE NEW RANGE.

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1401C WARNING: MORE THAN ONE LEG ATTACHED TO A ROUTING NODE.

1402C WARNING: NO LEG ATTACHED TO A ROUTING NODE.

1403C WARNING: MORE THAN ONE BLOCK VALVE ATTACHED TO A ROUTING NODE.

1404C WARNING: NO BLOCK VALVE ATTACHED TO A ROUTING NODE.

1405C WARNING: MORE THAN ONE REGULATOR ATTACHED TO A ROUTING NODE.

1406C WARNING: NO REGULATOR ATTACHED TO A ROUTING NODE.

1407C WARNING: ILLEGAL ELEMENT ATTACHED TO A ROUTING NODE.

Messages for error class x

0001X ERROR: MISSING *INITIALIZE CARD (REQUIRED FOR 1ST DATA SET).

0002X ERROR: KEYWORD DIRECTIVE MUST START ON A NEW CARD. ALL DATA ENTRIES IN
THIS PARAGRAPH WILL BE PURGED.

0003X ERROR: (COL nnn *pnam) UNRECOGNIZEABLE KEYWORD.

0004X ERROR: (COL nnn *pnam) EXPECTED A KEYWORD BUT A NUMBER WAS FOUND.

0005X ERROR: (COL nnn *pnam) KEYWORD "kkk" ALREADY ENTERED.

0006X ERROR: (COL nnn *pnam) "kkk1" AND "kkk2" ARE MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE KEYWORDS.

0007X ERROR: (COL nnn1 *pnam) UNEXPECTED DATA TYPE (= nnn2) FOR KEYWORD "kkk"
WAS FOUND. PLEASE CHECK KEYWORD TABLE.

0008X ERROR: (COL nnn *pnam) UNEXPECTED NUMBER ENCOUNTERED.

0009X WARNING: (COL nnn *pnam) INTEGER EXPECTED BUT REAL NUMBER WAS FOUND.

0010X ERROR: (COL nnn *pnam) DATA VALUE IS OUTSIDE THE ALLOWABLE RANGE OF (
nnn1 TO nnn2 ).

0011X ERROR: (COL nnn1 *pnam) TOO MANY DATA VALUES WERE ENTERED. (MAX
ALLOWABLE NUMBER = nnn2 ).

0012X ERROR: (COL nnn *pnam) MISSING NUMERIC DATA VALUE.

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0013X ERROR: (COL nnn *pnam) EXPECTED CHARACTER STRING BUT NUMBER WAS
FOUND INSTEAD.

0014X ERROR: (COL nnn *pnam) MISSING LEFT TITLE DELIMITER.

0015X ERROR: (COL nnn *pnam) MISSING RIGHT TITLE DELIMITER.

0016X ERROR NUMBER nnn DETECTED BY PROGRAM

0017X ERROR NUMBER nnn DETECTED BY PROGRAM

0018X ERROR NUMBER nnn DETECTED BY PROGRAM

0019X ERROR NUMBER nnn DETECTED BY PROGRAM

0020X ERROR NUMBER nnn DETECTED BY PROGRAM

0021X ERROR NUMBER nnn DETECTED BY PROGRAM

0022X ERROR NUMBER nnn DETECTED BY PROGRAM

0023X ERROR NUMBER nnn DETECTED BY PROGRAM

0024X ERROR NUMBER nnn DETECTED BY PROGRAM

0025X ERROR NUMBER nnn DETECTED BY PROGRAM

0026X ERROR: nnn "PRESS" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0027X ERROR: nnn "EOS" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0028X ERROR: nnn "TEMP" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0029X ERROR: nnn "QUALITY" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0030X ERROR: nnn "TIMESTEP" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0031X ERROR: nnn "HVAL" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0032X ERROR: nnn "RUN" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0033X ERROR: nnn "I/0" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

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0034X ERROR: nnn "TIME" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0035X ERROR: nnn UNRECOGNIZABLE UNITS DATA TYPE ENTERED.

0036X ERROR: nnn TOTALLY UNRECOGNIZABLE SYNTAX - EXPECTED A VALID UNITS

CONVERSION CONSTANT BUT FOUND THIS INSTEAD.

0037X ERROR: nnn "TIME" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0038X ERROR: nnn "TIME" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0039X ERROR: nnn DUPLICATE USER DEFINED QUALITIES

0040X ERROR: nnn USER DEFINED QUALITY NOT ENTERED.

0041X ERROR: nnn SG IS QUALITY NOT MOLAR.

0042X ERROR: nnn HV IS QUALITY NOT MOLAR.

0043X ERROR: nnn FLUID TYPE IS QUALITY NOT MOLAR.

0044X ERROR: nnn USER DEFINED QUALITY NOT ENTERED.

0045X ERROR: nnn USER DEFINED QUALITY NOT ENTERED.

0046X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) FLUID METHOD (QUAL OR MOLE IS MISSING OR INVALID.

0047X ERROR: nnn1 INTERNAL ERROR. KEYWORD TABLE VALUE nnn2 OUT OF RANGE.
CALL ESI SUPPORT REPRESENTATIVE.

0048X ERROR: nnn ID NOT FOUND IN CONFIGURATION.

0049X ERROR: nnn MASS BALANCE ERROR: THRESHOLD ZERO OR NEGATIVE.

0050X ERROR: nnn NO PRINT TIMES HAVE BEEN GIVEN.

0051X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TREND "FREQ" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0052X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TREND "PRESSURE" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED
KEYWORD.

0053X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TREND "TEMPERATURE" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED
KEYWORD.

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0054X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TREND "FLOW" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0055X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TREND "POWER" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED
KEYWORD.

0056X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TREND "SPEED" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0057X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TREND "EFFICIENCY" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED
KEYWORD.

0058X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TREND "QUALITY" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED
KEYWORD.

0059X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TREND "QUALITY" NOT FOLLOWED BY CORRECT
CONFIGURATION ID.

0060X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TREND "WOBBE" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED
KEYWORD.

0061X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) NON-POSITIVE PRINT TIME GIVEN.

0062X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) PRINT TIMES NOT IN INCREASING ORDER.

0063X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TOO MANY PRINT TIMES GIVEN. MAX. NUMBER
EXCEEDED.

0065X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) ERROR: - UNABLE TO SET LEG ID.

0066X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INSUFFICIENT DATA TO DEFINE THE PIPE.

0067X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) UNABLE TO ATTACH RESISTANCE.

0068X ERROR: (NUM nnn1 *pnam) PROGRAM LIMIT EXCEEDED. MAX = nnn2

0069X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) NO MATCHING KEYWORD FOR "MODE" WAS FOUND.

0070X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INITIAL MODE UNDEFINED.

0071X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) UNABLE TO ATTACH REGULATOR.

0072X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) UNABLE TO ATTACH BLOCK VALVE.

0073X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) UNABLE TO ATTACH CHECK VALVE.

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0074X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) MISSING "MODE" KEYWORD.

0075X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INITIAL MODE UNDEFINED.

0076X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) UNABLE TO ATTACH EXTERNAL REGULATOR.

0077X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) UNABLE TO ATTACH EXTERNAL REGULATOR.

0078X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) UNDEFINED KEYWORD

0079X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) EXTERNAL REGULATOR TYPE IS REQUIRED.

0080X ERROR: (*pnam) COMPRESSOR STATION KEYWORD "kkk" IS MISSING FOR ID xxx.

0081X ERROR: (*pnam) COMPRESSOR STATION KEYWORD "kkk" HAS BEEN ENTERED TOO
OFTEN ENOUGH FOR ID xxx.

0082X ERROR: (*pnam) COMPRESSOR STATION KEYWORD "kkk" IS NOT ALLOWED IN THIS
CONTEXT FOR ID xxx.

0083X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) TOO MANY COMPRESSORS FOR GROUP xxx.

0084X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) MOLE SUM IS OUT OF BOUNDS.

0085X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) MOLE FRACTION REQUIRED FOR BWRS.

0086X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) EXTERNAL REGULATOR LOCATION IS REQUIRED.

0087X ERROR: (*pnam) EXTERNAL REGULATOR KEYWORD "kkk" IS MISSING FOR ID xxx.

0088X ERROR: (*pnam) DEVICE ID NOT FOUND IN CONFIGURATION.

0089X ERROR: (*pnam) FOLLOWING KEYWORD kkk.

0090X ERROR: BWRS IS NOT ALLOWED ON THE PC VERSION

0091X ERROR: nnn DUPLICATE FLUID TYPES ENTERED.

0092X 12H ERROR: (*pnam) REQUIRED KEYWORD "kkk" IS MISSING.

0093X ERROR: (COL nnn1 *pnam) DATA VALUE EXCEEDS THE ALLOWABLE MAXIMUM OF
nnn2.

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0094X ERROR: (COL nnn1 *pnam) DATA VALUE IS BELOW THE ALLOWABLE MINIMUM OF
nnn2.

0101X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INVALID SURGE INPUT. BOTH SPEED AND FLOW IS
REQUIRED.

0102X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INVALID STONE INPUT. BOTH SPEED AND FLOW IS
REQUIRED.

0103X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INCONSISTANT NUMBER OF DATA ENTERED.

0104X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) BOTH SPEED AND FLOW MUST BE ENTERED ONCE.

0105X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) BOTH HEAD AND EFFAD MUST BE ENTERED.

0106X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) SAHE OR SACE OR DA ACTION DESIGNATION MUST BE
ENTERED.

0107X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) AVAILABLE.

0108X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) ALL HEAD DATA MUST BE ENTERED.

0109X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) ALL CRANK DATA MUST BE ENTERED.

0110X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) THREE VELOCITY COEFFS MUST BE ENTERED.

0111X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) AVAILABLE.

0112X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) CYLINDER DATA MUST BE ENTERED FOR DOUBLE ACTION.

0113X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) BOTH CYL & NUM MUST BE ENTERED FOR RECIP.

0114X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) AT LEASE ONE CYL & NUM MUST BE ENTERED FOR
RECIP.

0115X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INVALID TYPE WAS ENTERED.

0116X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INCONSISTANT COUNT OF HEAT RATE DATA WAS
ENTERED.

0117X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) HEAT RATE DATA WAS NOT ALL ENTERED.

0118X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INCONSISTANT COUNT OF MAX POWER DATA WAS
ENTERED.

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0119X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) MAX POWER DATA WAS NOT ALL ENTERED.

0120X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INVALID DATA FOR TURBINE TYPE WAS ENTERED.

0121X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) NOT ALL THE TURBINE DATA WAS ENTERED.

0122X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) NOT ALL THE DRIVER DATA WAS ENTERED.

0123X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INVALID EQUIPMENT PARAMETER LABEL.

0124X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) THIS ID WAS ALREADY ENTERED.

0125X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) THIS ID HAS NOT BEEN ENTERED YET.

0126X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam)

0127X FATAL ERROR: IN PARAGRAPH *pnam.

0128X ERROR: (NUM nnn *pnam) INVALID INITIAL MODE ENTERED.

0201X ERROR: nnn MINIMUM TIME STEP VALUE ENTERED IS NOT IN RANGE.

0202X ERROR: nnn MAXIMUM TIME STEP VALUE ENTERED IS NOT IN RANGE.

0203X ERROR: nnn ACCURACY TOLERANCE VALUE ENTERED IS NOT IN RANGE.

0204X ERROR: nnn DEVICE ID NOT FOUND IN CONFIGURATION.

0205X ERROR: nnn A DEVICE ID HAS NOT BEEN SPECIFIED.

0206X ERROR: nnn SETPOINT/CONSTRAINT TYPE NOT SPECIFIED.

0207X ERROR: nnn NO SETPOINT/CONSTRAINT VALUES HAVE BEEN SPECIFIED.

0208X ERROR: nnn NO TIME VALUES HAVE BEEN SPECIFIED.

0209X ERROR: nnn NUMBER OF VALUES AND NUMBER OF TIMES DON'T MATCH.

0210X ERROR: nnn VALUES/TIMES GIVEN CANT BE ENTERED INTO SCHEDULE.

0211X ERROR: nnn NO TIME KEYWORD HAS BEEN ENTERED.

89
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0212X ERROR: nnn NO VALUE KEYWORD HAS BEEN ENTERED.

0213X ERROR: nnn SETPOINT/CONSTRAINT NOT VALID FOR THIS DEVICE.

0214X ERROR: nnn DEVICE DOES NOT EXIST IN THE CONFIGURATION.

0215X ERROR: nnn1 THE PRINT TIME SPECIFIED nnn2 IS TOO SHORT. THE NUMBER OF
REPORT TIMES EXCEEDS THE REPORT ARRAY DIMENSIONS OF nnn3
TRY A LONGER PRINT INTERVAL.

0216X ERROR: nnn POWER CONSTRAINT CAN NOT BE ENTERED WITH A DRIVER.

0217X ERROR: nnn SPEED CONSTRANTS REQUIRE A PERFORMANCE TYPE BE ENTERED.

0218X ERROR: nnn CANNOT RAMP THIS CONSTRAINT WITHOUT TURNING ON BWRS AND
QUALITY TRACKING OPTIONS.

0219X ERROR: nnn THIS FORMAT IS AVAILABLE.

0220X ERROR: nnn THIS FORMAT IS AVAILABLE.

0221X ERROR: nnn THIS FORMAT IS AVAILABLE.

0401X ERROR: nnn INVENTORY SUBNETWORK xxx ALREADY EXISTS.

0402X ERROR: nnn MAX NUMBER OF INVENTORY SUBNETWORDS EXCEEDED.

0403X ERROR: nnn PIPE xxx SPECIFIED FOR SUBNETWORK DOES NOT EXIST.

0404X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO INSERT PIPE xxx IN SUBNETWORK.

0405X ERROR: nnn XREG xxx SPECIFIED FOR SUBNETWORK DOES NOT EXIST.

0406X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO INSERT XREG xxx IN SUBNETWORK.

0407X ERROR: nnn NO XREG SPECIFIED FOR SUBNETWORK xxx.

0408X ERROR: nnn PIPE NOT DEFINED xxx.

0409X ERROR: nnn INSTRUMENT TYPE ALREADY DEFINED xxx.

0410X ERROR: nnn ERROR ADDING INSTRUMENT TYPE xxx.

0411X ERROR: nnn PROFILE LINE xxx ALREADY EXISTS.

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0412X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO CREATE PROFILE LINE xxx.

0413X ERROR: nnn PIPE xxx DOES NOT EXIST.

0414X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO INSERT PIPE xxx INTO PROFILE LINE.

0415X ERROR: nnn PROFILE LINE xxx HAS NO LEGS.

0416X ERROR: nnn MASK xxx ALREADY EXISTS.

0417X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO INITIALIZE MASK xxx.

0418X ERROR: nnn SPECIFIED EQUIPMENT xxx DOES NOT EXIST.

0419X ERROR: nnn CHECK VALVE NOT ALLOWED FOR EQUIPMENT xxx.

0420X ERROR: nnn EXTERNAL REGULATOR xxx DOES NOT EXIST.

0421X ERROR: nnn CHECK VALVE NOT ALLOWED FOR XREG xxx.

0422X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO SET OR ADD INSTRUMENT xxx.

0423X ERROR: nnn OVERRIDE CANNOT BE DEFINED FOR INSTRUMENT xxx.

0424X ERROR: nnn INSTRUMENT TYPE xxx NOT DEFINED.

0429X ERROR: nnn MASK CANNOT BE SPECIFIED FOR INSTRUMENT xxx.

0430X ERROR: nnn MASK xxx IS NOT DEFINED.

0431X ERROR: nnn ILLEGAL CONTROL FOR XREG xxx SPECIFIED.

0432X ERROR: nnn ILLEGAL CONTROL FOR EQP xxx SPECIFIED.

0433X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO SET REAL TIME CONTROL MODE FOR xxx.

0434X ERROR: nnn NO EMPTY SLOTS TO ADD CONFIGURATION.

0435X ERROR: nnn USER QUALITIES CANNOT BE DEFINED FOR TLNET.

0436X ERROR: nnn FLUID TYPES CANNOT BE DEFINED FOR TLNET.

91
 PipelineStudio Manual Extras

0437X ERROR: nnn ILLEGAL API GRAVITY RANGE FOR LIQUID TYPE zzz.

0438X ERROR: nnn BULK MODULUS MUST BE ENTERED FOR LIQUID TYPE zzz.

0439X ERROR: nnn INCONSISTANT BULK MODULUS ENTRY FOR LIQUID TYPE zzz.

0440X ERROR: nnn TOO FEW GRID POINTS FOR INT. CORR. OF BULK MOD. TYPE: zzz.

0441X ERROR: nnn TOO FEW GRID POINTS FOR EXT. CORR. OF BULK MOD. TYPE: zzz.

0442X ERROR: nnn TOO MANY GRID POINTS FOR INT. CORR. OF BULK MOD. TYPE: zzz.

0443X ERROR: nnn TOO MANY GRID POINTS FOR EXT. CORR. OF BULK MOD. TYPE: zzz.

0444X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO CURVEFIT BULK MODULUS DATA FOR LIQUID TYPE zzz.

0445X ERROR: nnn THERMAL EXPANSION MUST BE ENTERED FOR LIQUID TYPE zzz.

0446X ERROR: nnn INCONSISTANT THERMAL EXPANSION ENTRY FOR LIQUID TYPE zzz.

0447X ERROR: nnn TOO FEW GRID POINTS FOR INT. CORR. OF T. EXP. TYPE: zzz.

0448X ERROR: nnn TOO FEW GRID POINTS FOR EXT. CORR. OF T. EXP. TYPE: zzz.

0449X ERROR: nnn TOO MANY GRID POINTS FOR INT. CORR. OF T. EXP. TYPE: zzz.

0450X ERROR: nnn TOO MANY GRID POINTS FOR EXT. CORR. OF T. EXP. TYPE: zzz.

0451X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO CURVE FIT THERMAL EXPANSION DATA FOR TYPE zzz.

0452X ERROR: nnn HEAT CAPACITY MUST BE ENTERED FOR LIQUID TYPE zzz.

0453X ERROR: nnn INCONSISTANT HEAT CAPACITY ENTRY FOR LIQUID TYPE zzz.

0454X ERROR: nnn TOO FEW GRID POINTS FOR INT. CORR. OF HCAP FOR TYPE: zzz.

0455X ERROR: nnn TOO FEW GRID POINTS FOR EXT. CORR. OF HCAP FOR TYPE: zzz.

0456X ERROR: nnn TOO MANY GRID POINTS FOR INT. CORR. OF HCAP FOR TYPE: zzz.

0457X ERROR: nnn TOO MANY GRID POINTS FOR EXT. CORR. OF HCAP FOR TYPE: zzz.

0458X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO CURVEFIT HEAT CAPACITY DATA FOR LIQUID TYPE zzz.

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0459X ERROR: nnn INCONSISTANT VISCOSITY ENTRY FOR LIQUID TYPE zzz.

0460X ERROR: nnn TO FEW GRID POINTS FOR CORRELATION OF VISC. FOR TYPE: zzz.

0461X ERROR: nnn TOO MANY GRID POINT FOR CORRELATION OF VISC. FOR TYPE: zzz.

0462X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO CURVEFIT VISCOSITY DATA FOR LIQUID TYPE zzz.

0463X ERROR: nnn LIQUID TYPE zzz ALREADY EXISTS.

0464X ERROR: nnn ERROR: ADDING LIQUID TYPE zzz.

0465X ERROR: nnn INVALID DEFAULT BATCH LIQUID TYPE ID.

0466X ERROR: nnn INVALID DEFAULT BATCH API.

0467X ERROR: nnn DEFAULT BATCH EXTERNAL REGULATOR DOES NOT EXIST.

0468X ERROR: nnn ILLEGAL LIQUID TYPE ENTERED FOR BATCH xxx.

0469X ERROR: nnn EXTERNAL REGULATOR DOES NOT EXIST FOR BATCH xxx.

0470X ERROR: nnn USER LINE OR SUBLINE xxx DOES NOT EXIST.

0471X ERROR: nnn BATCH FILL SEQUENCE ALREADY EXISTS FOR USER LINE xxx.

0472X ERROR: nnn MAX NUMBER OF BATCH FILL SEQUENCES EXCEEDED.

0473X ERROR: nnn ILLEGAL API FOR LIQUID TYPE FOR BATCH xxx.

0474X ERROR: nnn "BATCH" NOT FOLLOWED BY RELATED KEYWORD.

0475X ERROR: nnn COMPONENT xxx DOES NOT EXIST.

0476X ERROR: nnn COMPONENT xxx ALREADY IN ANOTHER USER LINE .

0477X ERROR: nnn UNABLE TO ADD COMPONENT xxx TO USER LINE .

0478X ERROR: nnn INCONSISTANT ELEVATION ENTRY FOR USER LINE xxx.

0479X ERROR: nnn1 MAX NUMBER OF ELEVATION ENTRIES nnn2 EXCEEDED.

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Appendix C: Properties

PLS Gas Input Properties

Bank compressor input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Upstrea Pressure
m Press
Min (init)
Compres None
sion
Ratio
(init)
Mode None
(init)
Lock None
Mode
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Max (init)
Group None
Name
Type None
Compres None
sors
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm

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Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

95
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Block valve input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
CV None
% open Percent
Size Diameter
Mode None
(init)
None
Alarming
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC

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Alarm

Flow Flow Rate

HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Centrifugal bank compressor input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
Downstre Pressure
am pres
max (init)
Upstrea Pressure
m pres
min (init)
Compres None
sion ratio
(init)
Ambient Temperature
temperat
ure
Mode None
(init)
None
Lock

97
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

(init)

Downstre Temperature
am temp
max (init)
Group None
Type None
Compres None
sors
None
Alarming
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate

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 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Alarm

Flow LO Flow Rate

Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Centrifugal compressor input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
Performa None
nce
Curve
Fuel None
Xreg
Driver None
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Upstrea Pressure
m Press
Min (init)
Compres None
sion
Ratio
(init)
Maximu Power
m Power
(init)
Maximu Rotation Rate

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m Speed
(init)
Minimum Rotation Rate
Speed
(init)
Flow Flow Rate
Maximu
m (init)
Mode None
(init)
Lock None
Mode
(init)
Initial None
Status
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Max (init)
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Min (init)
Mechanic Percent
al
Efficiency
Auxiliary Power
Load
Ambient Temperature
Temperat
ure
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm

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Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Centrifugal performance (CPID) input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Head Head
Head Rotation Rate

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Speed

Head Flow Rate (Actual

Flow vol)
Adiabatic Percent
Efficiency
Effad Rotation Rate
Speed
Effad Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Surge Rotation Rate
Speed
Surge Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Stonewal Rotation Rate
l Speed
Stonewal Flow Rate (Actual
l Flow vol)
Text1 None

Check valve input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
CV None
Size Diameter
Mode None
(init)
Lock None
Mode
(init)
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure

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m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

103
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Compositional fluid input properties (Gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Methane Percent
(C1)
Ethane Percent
(C2)
Propane Percent
(C3)
Isobutan Percent
e (IC4)
N-butane Percent
(NC4)
Isopenta Percent
ne (IC5)
N- Percent
pentane
(NC5)
Hexane Percent
(C6)
Heptane Percent
+ (C7+)
Carbon Percent
Dioxide
(CO2)
Nitrogen Percent
(N2)
Hydroge Percent
n Sulfide
(H2S)
Hydroge Percent
n (H2)
Water Percent
(H2O)
Heptane Percent
(C7)
Octane Percent
(C8)
Nonane Percent
(C9)
Decane Percent
(C10)
Undecan Percent
e (C11)
Dodecan Percent
e (C12)
Tridecan Percent
e (C13)

104
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Tetradec Percent
ane
(C14)
Pentadec Percent
ane
(C15)
Hexadec Percent
ane
(C16)
Heptadec Percent
ane
(C17)
Octadeca Percent
ne (C18)
Nonadec Percent
ane
(C19)
Eicosane Percent
(C20)
Heavy1 Percent
(HVY1)
Heavy2 Percent
(HVY2)
Helium Percent
(He)
Oxygen Percent
(O2)
Benzene Percent
(C6H6)
Toluene Percent
(C7H8)
Ethylene Percent
(C2H4)
Propylen Percent
e (C3H6)
Argon Percent
(AR)
Carbon Percent
Monoxid
e (CO)
NeoPent Percent
ane(NeC
5)
CycloHex Percent
ane
(C6H12)
Text1 None

Cooler input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category
Name None

105
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Up None
Down None
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Resistan Resistance (gas)
ce
Coefficie
nt (init)
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Max (init)
Delta Temperature
Temp Difference
Max (init)
Max Duty None
(init)
Mode None
(init)
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am

106
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Cylinder input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Cylinder None
Action
Cylinder Diameter
Diameter
Stroke Diameter
Length
Coefficie None
nt C1
Coefficie None
nt C2
Coefficie None

107
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

nt XL

Head Diameter
Rod
Diameter
Head Recip Volume
Max
Clearanc
e Volume
Head Min Recip Volume
Clearanc
e Volume
Crank Diameter
Rod
Diameter
Crank Recip Volume
Max
Clearanc
e Volume
Crank Recip Volume
Min
Clearanc
e Volume
Text1 None

Delivery input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
At None
Up None
Down None
Flow Flow Rate
Maximu
m (init)
Pressure Pressure
Maximu
m (init)
Pressure Pressure
Minimum
(init)
Check None
Mode None
(init)
Lock None
Mode
(init)
Alarming None
Pressure Pressure
HIHI

108
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Alarm

Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference Per unit
Alarm Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Driver input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Performa None
nce
Curve
Ambient None
Rating
Factor
Rated Temperature
Temperat

109
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

ure

Rated Percent
Fuel
Efficiency
Rated Power
Power
Text1 None

Driver performance (DPID) input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Coefficie None
nt A
Coefficie None
nt B
Coefficie None
nt C
Text1 None

Energy delivery input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
At None
Up None
Down None
Energy Energy Flow
Flow
Maximu
m (init)
Mode None
(init)
None
Alarming
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure

110
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference Per unit
Alarm Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Fixed Volume Storage Input Properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
At None
Up None
Down None
Fluid None
Initial Pressure
Reservoir
Pressure
Initial Temperature
Reservoir
Temperat
ure
Initial Inventory
Inventory

111
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Minimum Pressure
Pressure
Maximu Pressure
m
Pressure
Vessel Inventory
Volume
Vessel Area
surface
area
Ambient Temperature
Temperat
ure
Overall Heat transfer
heat
transfer
coefficien
t
Mode None
(init)
Initial None
Status
Alarming None
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference Per unit
Alarm Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Inventory Inventory
HiHi
Alarm
Inventory Inventory
Hi Alarm
Inventory Inventory
Lo Alarm

112
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Inventory Inventory
LoLo
Alarm
Inventory Inventory per time
ROC unit
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None

Fuel delivery input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
At None
Up None
Down None
Mode None
(init)
None
Alarming
Flow Flow Rate
Maximu
m
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference Per unit
Alarm Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO

113
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Alarm

Flow Flow Rate Per unit

ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Generic bank compressor input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
Fuel None
Xreg
Driver None
Maximu Power
m Power
(init)
Mode None
(init)
Initial None
Status
Adiabatic Percent
Efficiency
Mechanic Percent
al
Efficiency
Auxiliary Power
Load
Priority None
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI

114
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Alarm

Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time

115
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Generic compressor input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
Fuel None
Xreg
Driver None
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Upstrea Pressure
m Press
Min (init)
Compres None
sion
Ratio
(init)
Maximu Power
m Power
(init)
Flow Flow Rate
Maximu
m (init)
Mode None
(init)
Lock None
Mode
(init)
Initial None
Status
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Max (init)
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Min (init)

116
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Adiabatic Percent
Efficiency
Mechanic Percent
al
Efficiency
Auxiliary Power
Load
Ambient Temperature
Temperat
ure
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm

117
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Flow HI Flow Rate

Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Heater input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category
Name None
Up None
Down None
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Coefficie Resistance (gas)
nt (init)
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Max (init)
Delta Temperature
Temp Difference
Max (init)
Mode None
(init)
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure

118
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None

119
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Leak delivery input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
At None
Up None
Down None
Diameter Diameter
(init)
Ambient Pressure
Pressure (absolute)
Coefficie None
nt
Mode None
(init)
None
Alarming
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference Per unit
Alarm Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit

120
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Node input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Elevation Elevation
Temperat Temperature
ure Set
Point
Pressure Pressure
Set Point
X None
Y None
Text1 None

Pipe input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Length Length
Diameter Diameter
Up None
Down None
Roughne Roughness
ss

121
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Efficiency None
Gas None
Equation
Ambient Temperature
Temp
Heat Heat Transfer
Transfer Coeff.
Coeff.
Wall Wall Thickness
Thicknes
s
Drag None
Factor
Knot Length
Spacing
Number None
of Walls
Walls None
DoDetail None
edWT
Inner Heat Transfer
Film HTC Coeff.
Outer Heat Transfer
Film HTC Coeff.
Inner None
HTC
Correlati
on
Outer None
HTC
Correlati
on
User None
HTC Mult
(a)
User None
HTC RN
Exp (b)
User None
HTC PN
Exp (c)
User None
HTC Add
(d)
Ground Thermal
Conducti Conductivity
vity
Buried Elevation
Depth
Ambient Viscosity
Medium
viscosity
Ambient Density
Medium
Density

122
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Ambient None
Medium
Conducti
vity
Ambient Heat Capacity
Medium
Heat
Capacity
Ambient Velocity
Medium
Velocity
Use None
Monthly
Velocity
table
Use None
Monthly
Temperat
ure table
Monthly None
tab
None
Alarming
Velocity Velocity
HiHi
alarm
Velocity Velocity
Hi alarm
Velocity Velocity
Lo alarm
Velocity Velocity
LoLo
alarm
Velocity Velocity per time
ROC unit
alarm
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Reciprocating bank compressor input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None

123
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Performa None
nce
Curve
Fuel None
Xreg
Driver None
Maximu Power
m Power
(init)
Maximu Rotation Rate
m Speed
(init)
Minimum Rotation Rate
Speed
(init)
Mode None
(init)
Initial None
Status
Adiabatic Percent
Efficiency
Mechanic Percent
al
Efficiency
Auxiliary Power
Load
Valve Head
Loss
Temperature
Ambient
temperat
ure
Priority None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am

124
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Reciprocating compressor input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

125
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Name None
Up None
Down None
Performa None
nce
Curve
Fuel None
Xreg
Driver None
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Upstrea Pressure
m Press
Min (init)
Compres None
sion
Ratio
(init)
Maximu Power
m Power
(init)
Maximu Rotation Rate
m Speed
(init)
Minimum Rotation Rate
Speed
(init)
Flow Flow Rate
Maximu
m (init)
Mode None
(init)
Lock None
Mode
(init)
Initial None
Status
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Max (init)
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Min (init)
Adiabatic Percent
Efficiency
Mechanic Percent
al
Efficiency
Auxiliary Power
Load
Ambient Temperature
Temperat
ure
Loss Head

126
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm

127
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Reciprocating performance (CPID) input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Cylinder None
name
None
# of this
type
Text1 None

Reservoir Storage input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
At None
Up None
Down None
Fluid None
Initial Pressure
Reservoir
Pressure
Initial Temperature
Reservoir
Temperat
ure
Initial Inventory
Inventory
Minimum Inventory

128
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Inventory

Maximu Inventory
m
Inventory
Pore Inventory
Volume
Equation None
Exponent
Equation None
Multiplier
Mode None
(init)
Initial None
Status
Alarming None
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference Per unit
Alarm Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Inventory Inventory
HiHi
Alarm
Inventory Inventory
Hi Alarm
Inventory Inventory
Lo Alarm
Inventory Inventory
LoLo
Alarm
Inventory Inventory per time
ROC unit
Alarm
Accumul Time

129
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None

Resistance input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
Coeff Resistance (gas)
Mode None
(init)
None
Alarming
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm

130
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Simplified fluid input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Carbon Percent
Dioxide
(CO2)
User None

131
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Qualities

Text1 None

Station input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category
Name None
Upstrea None
m node
None
Downstre
am node
1
Downstre None
am node
2
Bank #1 None
Bank #2 None
Text1 None

Supply input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
At None
Up None
Down None
Fluid None
Fluid Temperature
Temperat
ure
setpoint
(init)
Flow Flow Rate
Maximu
m (init)
Pressure Pressure
Maximu
m (init)
Pressure Pressure
Minimum
(init)
Check None
Mode None

132
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

(init)

Lock None
Mode
(init)
Alarming None
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference Per unit
Alarm Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

System data input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Title None

133
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Referenc Pressure
e
Pressure
Referenc Temperature
e
Temperat
ure
Viscosity Viscosity (dynamic)
Echo None
Input
Pressure None
Units
Time None
Units
Temp None
Units
Start None
Time
Viscosity None
Method
PVT None
Calculati
ons
Heat Pressure
Capacity Difference
Pressure
Toleranc
e
Heat Temperature
Capacity Difference
Temperat
ure
Toleranc
e
Z-Factor Pressure
Pressure Difference
Toleranc
e
Z-Factor Temperature
Temperat Difference
ure
Toleranc
e
Composit Percent
ional
Toleranc
e
Leak None
Calculati
on
Method
Mode None
Swappin
g
Use None
Detailed
Compres
sors

134
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Alarming None
Volume None
Accumul
ation
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference Per unit
Alarm Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Initial None
Time
Step
Composit None
ional
Time
Step
DPMX None
Adjustme
nt Factor
Minimum None
Step Size
Maximu Pressure
m
Pressure
Minimum Pressure
Pressure
Maximu Temperature
m
Temperat

135
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

ure

Minimum Temperature
Temperat
ure
Maximu Velocity
m
Velocity
Joule- None
Thompso
n Effect
Allow None
Bank
Mode
Changes
Allow None
Mode
Rejection
Trend None
Type
Trend Time
Frequenc
y
Minimum Time
Time
Step
Maximu Time
m Time
Step
Relative None
Accuracy
Quality None
Tracking
Temperat None
ure
Tracking
Wall None
Temperat
ure
Tracking
Algebraic None
SS
Heating None
Value
Type
System- Temperature
wide
temperat
ure
Equation None
of State
Run None
Type
Initial Pressure
Pressure
Initial Flow Rate
Flow

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Initial Temperature
Temperat
ure
Maximu Pressure
m Difference
Pressure
Change
Minimum None
Converg
ence
Toleranc
e
Maximu None
m
Converg
ence
Toleranc
e
Maximu None
m
Hydraulic
Iterations
Hydraulic None
Iteration
Toleranc
e
Release
Maximu None
m
Hydraulic
Iterations
before
Mode
Changes
Maximu None
m
Hydraulic
Iterations
between
Mode
Changes
Maximu None
m
Hydraulic
Iterations
before
Bank
Iterations
Maximu None
m
Hydraulic
Iterations
between
Bank
Iterations
Maximu None
m
Hydraulic
Iterations
before
Quality
Iterations

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Maximu None
m
Hydraulic
Iterations
between
Quality
Iterations
Maximu None
m Quality
Iterations
Quality None
Toleranc
e
Maximu None
m
Hydraulic
Iterations
before
Temperat
ure
Iterations
Maximu None
m
Hydraulic
Iterations
between
Temperat
ure
Iterations
Maximu None
m
Temperat
ure
Iterations
Temperat None
ure
Toleranc
e
Mass None
Balance
Report
Mass Flow Rate
Balance
Error
Toleranc
e
Leg None
Hydraulic
Report
Leg None
Quality
Report
Leg Wall None
Temperat
ure
Report
Selected None
Legs
Equipme None
nt
Hydraulic

138
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Report

Equipme None
nt Quality
Report
Resistan None
ce
Hydraulic
Report
Resistan None
ce
Quality
Report
Selected None
Resistan
ces
Regulato None
r
Hydraulic
Report
Regulato None
r Quality
Report
Compres None
sor
Hydraulic
Report
Compres None
sor
Quality
Report
Block None
Valve
Hydraulic
Report
Block None
Valve
Quality
Report
Check None
Valve
Hydraulic
Report
Check None
Valve
Quality
Report
Selected None
Check
Valves
Heater None
Hydraulic
Report
Heater None
Quality
Report
Selected None
Heaters
Cooler None
Hydraulic

139
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Report

Cooler None
Quality
Report
Selected None
Coolers
External None
Regulato
r
Hydraulic
Report
External None
Regulato
r Quality
Report
Selected None
External
Regulato
rs
Supply None
Hydraulic
Report
Supply None
Quality
Report
Delivery None
Hydraulic
Report
Delivery None
Quality
Report
Energy None
Hydraulic
Report
Energy None
Quality
Report
Selected None
Energies
Fuel None
Hydraulic
Report
Fuel None
Quality
Report
Leak None
Hydraulic
Report
Leak None
Quality
Report
Station None
Hydraulic
Report
Station None
Quality
Report

140
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Sort None
Elements
Page None
Width
Left None
Justify
SS None
Progress
Report
SS None
Iteration
State
Report
SS Print None
Converg
ence
Report
Iterations
SS Print None
Mode
Change
Report
Iterations
Report None
Time
Option
Dynamic None
Report
Times
List
Dynamic Time
Report
Interval
Time
Configur None
ation
report
Flow None
units
None
Heating
value
calculatio
n rule
Interactiv Time
e
Maximu
m time
step
Interactiv Time
e
minimum
time step
Interactiv None
e relative
accuracy
Interactiv None
e time
step
multiplier

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Inventory Inventory
HiHi
Alarm
Inventory Inventory
Hi Alarm
Inventory Inventory
Lo Alarm
Inventory Inventory
LoLo
Alarm
Inventory Inventory per time
ROC unit
Alarm
Storage None
Hydraulic
Report
Storage None
Quality
Report
Selected None
Storages
Update None
Iterations
Update None
Wallclock
Use None
Initial
Values
Velocity Velocity
HiHi
Alarm
Velocity Velocity
Hi Alarm
Velocity Velocity
Lo Alarm
Velocity Velocity
LoLo
Alarm
Velocity Velocity per time
ROC unit
Alarm

Turbine input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Performa None
nce
Curve

142
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Rated Rated Heat Rate

Heat
Rate
Rated Rotation Rate
Speed
Rated Power
Power
Rated Temperature
Temperat
ure
Text1 None

Turbine performance curve input properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Name None
HRC Percent
Percent
Heat
Rate
HRC Percent
Percent
Speed
HRC Percent
Percent
Power
MPC Percent
Percent
Speed
MPC Percent
Percent
Power
Rated Percent
Efficiency
Text1 None

PLS Gas Output Properties

Bank compressor output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None

143
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Compres None
sion ratio
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe
Index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Converg None
ence
error

Block valve output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
% open Percent
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure

144
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe
index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Converg None
ence
error

145
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Centrifugal bank compressor output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Compres None
sion ratio
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe
Index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Converg None
ence
error

Centrifugal compressor output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

146
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Compres None
sion ratio
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe
index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio

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Head Head
Speed Rotation Rate
Current Percent
Adiabatic
Efficiency
Power Power
Required
Hydraulic Power
Power
Power Power
Available
Fuel Flow Rate
Usage
Rate
Total Line Pack
Fuel
Used
Compres Temperature
sed Fluid
Temperat
ure
Compres Density
sed Fluid
Density
Compres None
sed Fluid
Z-Factor
Converg None
ence
error

Check valve output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat

148
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

ure

Actual Flow Rate (Actual

Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe
Index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Converg None
ence
error

Cooler output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure

149
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
wobbe
index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Duty None
Converg None
ence
error

150
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Delivery output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Lock None
Pressure Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Temperat Temperature
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Wobbe None
Index
Density Density
Z-Factor None
Specific None
Heat
Ratio
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Total Line Pack
Flow
None
Current
fluid None

Converg
ence
error

Energy delivery output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Pressure Pressure
Energy Energy Flow
Flow
Flow Flow Rate
Temperat Temperature
ure

151
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Actual Flow Rate (Actual

Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Wobbe None
Index
Density Density
Z-Factor None
Specific None
Heat
Ratio
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Total Line Pack
Flow
Current None
fluid
None
Converg
ence
error

Fixed Volume Storage Output Properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Mode None
Status None
Flow Flow
Pressure Pressure
Vessel Pressure
pressure
Flowing Temperature
Temperat
ure
Vessel Temperature
temperat
ure
Inventory Inventory
Mass Inventory
inventory
Percent None
full
Actual Flow rate
Flow
Minimum Inventory
Inventory

152
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Maximu Inventory
m
Inventory
Flowing None
specific
gravity
Vessel None
specific
gravity
Flowing Heating value
heating
value
Vessel Heating value
heating
value
Flowing None
Wobbe
index
Vessel None
Wobbe
Index
Flowing Density
Density
Vessel Density
Density
Vessel Density at
reference reference
density conditions
Flowing None
Z factor
Vessel Z None
factor
Flowing None
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Vessel None
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Accumul Inventory
ated
Volume
Total Flow
Flow
Current None
fluid
Converg None
ence
error

Fuel delivery output properties (gas)

153
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Name Unit Category

Mode None
Status None
Pressure Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Temperat Temperature
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Wobbe None
Index
Density Density
Z-Factor None
Specific None
Heat
Ratio
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Total Line Pack
Flow
Current None
fluid
None
Converg
ence
error

Generic bank compressor output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure

154
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Actual None
Compres
sion ratio
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe
Index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Head Head
Current Percent
Adiabatic
Efficiency
Power Power
Required
Hydraulic Power
Power
Power Power
Available
Fuel Flow Rate
Usage

155
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Rate

Total Line Pack

Fuel
Used
Compres Temperature
sed Fluid
Temperat
ure
Compres Density
sed Fluid
Density
Compres None
sed Fluid
Z-Factor
Converg None
ence
error

Generic compressor output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Compres None
sion ratio
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
index
Downstre None

156
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

am
Wobbe
index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Head Head
Current Percent
Adiabatic
Efficiency
Power Power
Required
Hydraulic None
Power
Power Power
Available
Fuel Flow Rate
Usage
Rate
Total Line Pack
Fuel
Used
Compres Temperature
sed Fluid
Temperat
ure
Compres Density
sed Fluid
Density
Compres None
sed Fluid
Z-Factor
Converg None
ence
error

157
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Heater output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe
Index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio

158
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Duty None
Converg None
ence
Error

Leak delivery output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Diameter Diameter
Mode None
Pressure Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Temperat Temperature
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Orifice Pressure
pressure
Temperature
Orifice
temperat
ure
Orifice Velocity
Velocity
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Wobbe None
index
Density Density
Z-Factor None
Specific None
Heat
Ratio
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Total Line Pack
Flow
None
Current
fluid None

159
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Converg
ence
error

Node output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Pressure Pressure
Flux Flow Rate
Temperat Temperature
ure
Density Density
Converg None
ence
error
Mass None
balance
converge
nce error
Quality None
converge
nce error
Thermal None
converge
nce error

Pipe output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Pressure Pressure
(Head)
Pressure Pressure
(Tail)
Flow Flow Rate
(Head)
Flow Flow Rate
(Tail)
Temperat Temperature
ure
(Head)
Temperat Temperature
ure (Tail)

160
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Density Density
(Head)
Density Density
(Tail)
Compres None
sible Z
factor
(Head)
Compres None
sible Z
factor
(Tail)
Velocity Velocity
(Head)
Velocity Velocity
(Tail)
Viscosity Viscosity (dynamic)
(Head)
Viscosity Viscosity (dynamic)
(Tail)
Reynolds None
number
(Head)
Reynolds None
number
(Tail)
Friction None
factor
(Head)
Friction None
factor
(Tail)
Specific None
Gravity
(Head)
Specific None
Gravity
(Tail)
Heating Heating Value
Value
(Head)
Heating Heating Value
Value
(Tail)
Wobbe None
Index
(Head)
Wobbe None
Index
(Tail)
Inventory Line Pack
Packing None
Rate
Current Temperature
Ambient
Temperat

161
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

ure

Current Velocity
ambient
velocity
Derived Wall Thickness
WT
Heat Transfer
Derived
HTC None

Converg
ence
error

Reciprocating bank compressor output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual None
compres
sion ratio
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe
Index
Accumul Line Pack
ated

162
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Volume

Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Head Head
Speed Rotation Rate
Current Percent
Adiabatic
Efficiency
Power Power
Required
Power
Hydraulic
Power
Power Power
Available
Fuel Flow Rate
Usage
Rate
Total Line Pack
Fuel
Used
Compres Temperature
sed Fluid
Temperat
ure
Compres Density
sed Fluid
Density
Compres None
sed Fluid
Z-Factor
Clearanc Recip Volume
e Volume
Converg None
ence
error

163
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Reciprocating compressor output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Compres None
sion ratio
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe
Index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None

164
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Head Head
Speed Rotation Rate
Current Percent
Adiabatic
Efficiency
Power Power
Required
Power
Hydraulic
Power
Power Power
Available
Fuel Flow Rate
Usage
Rate
Total Line Pack
Fuel
Used
Compres Temperature
sed Fluid
Temperat
ure
Compres Density
sed Fluid
Density
Compres None
sed Fluid
Z-Factor
Clearanc Recip Volume
e Volume
Converg None
ence
error

Regulator valve output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure

165
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe
Index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Converg None
ence
error

Reservoir Storage Output properties (gas)

166
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Name Unit Category

Mode None
Status None
Flow Flow
Pressure Pressure
Reservoir Pressure
pressure
Flowing Temperature
Temperat
ure
Reservoir Temperature
temperat
ure
Inventory Inventory
Mass Inventory
inventory
Percent None
full
Actual Flow rate
Flow
Minimum Pressure
Pressure
Maximu Pressure
m
Pressure
Flowing None
specific
gravity
Reservoir None
specific
gravity
Flowing Heating value
heating
value
Reservoir Heating value
heating
value
Flowing None
Wobbe
index
Reservoir None
Wobbe
Index
Flowing Density
Density
Reservoir Density
Density
Reservoir Density at
reference reference
density conditions
Flowing None
Z factor
Reservoir None

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PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Z factor

Flowing None
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Reservoir None
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Accumul Inventory
ated
Volume
Total Flow
Flow
Current None
fluid
Converg None
ence
error

Resistance output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe

168
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Index

Accumul Line Pack

ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Converg None
ence
error

Supply output properties (gas)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Pressure Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Temperat Temperature
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
None
Wobbe
Index
Density Density
Z-Factor None

169
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Specific None
Heat
Ratio
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Total Line Pack
Flow
None
Current
fluid None

Converg
ence
error

PLS Liquid Input Properties

Aesop coefficients input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Liquid None
Type
Coefficie None
nt A
Coefficie None
nt B
Coefficie None
nt C
Degradat None
ion
Coefficie
nt
Text1 None

Block valve input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
CV None
% open Percent
(Init)
None
CV

170
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Curve

Size Diameter
Is None
Routing
Normal None
Routing
Mode
Routing Percent
% Open
Routing Time
Rate of
Ramp
Route None
Queue
None
Mode
(Init) None

Alarming
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference
Pressure
ROC Per unit Time
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm

171
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Downstre Pressure
am Difference
Pressure
ROC Per unit Time
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
ROC (Standard vol) Per
Alarm unit Time
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

Centrifugal Performance curve (CPID) input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Head Head
Head Rotation Rate
Speed
Head Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Adiabatic Percent
Efficiency
Effad Rotation Rate
Speed
Effad Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Text1 None

172
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Centrifugal pump input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
Upstrea None
m
Setpoint
Node
Downstre None
am
Setpoint
Node
Performa None
nce
Curve
Contract None
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Upstrea Pressure
m Press
Min (init)
Compres None
sion
Ratio
(init)
Maximu Power
m Power
(init)
Maximu Rotation Rate
m Speed
(init)
Minimum Rotation Rate
Speed
(init)
Flow Flow Rate
Maximu (Standard vol)
m (init)
Check None
Free None
Flow
Mode None
(init)
Initial None
Status
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Max
Mechanic Percent
al
Efficiency

173
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Auxiliary Power
Load
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm

174
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Flow Flow Rate

ROC (Standard vol) Per
Alarm unit Time
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

Check valve input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
CV None
Size Diameter
Mode None
(init)
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference
Pressure
ROC Per unit Time
Alarm

175
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
ROC (Standard vol) Per
Alarm unit Time
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

Compositional fluid input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

176
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Name None
Method None
Methane Percent
(C1)
Ethane Percent
(C2)
Propane Percent
(C3)
Isobutan Percent
e (IC4)
N-butane Percent
(NC4)
Isopenta Percent
ne (IC5)
N- Percent
pentane
(NC5)
Hexane Percent
(C6)
Heptane Percent
(C7)
Octane Percent
(C8)
Nonane Percent
(C9)
Carbon Percent
Dioxide
(CO2)
Nitrogen Percent
(N2)
Hydroge Percent
n Sulfide
(H2S)
Hydroge Percent
n (H2)
Water Percent
(H2O)
Text1 None

Conoco coefficients input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Liquid None
Type
Coefficie None
nt A
Coefficie None

177
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

nt B

Text1 None

Contract input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Base None
Power
Minimum None
Cost
Peak None
Cost
Offpeak None
Cost
Peak None
Start
Time
(Hours)
Peak None
End Time
(Hours)
Prior None
Power
Consume
d
Text1 None

Cooler input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category
Name None
Up None
Down None
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Resistan Resistance (gas)
ce
Coefficie
nt (init)
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Max (init)

178
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Delta Temperature
Temp Difference
Max (init)
Max Duty None
(init)
Mode None
(init)
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm

179
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Flow LO Flow Rate

Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Cylinder input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Action None
Cylinder Diameter
Diameter
Head Diameter
Rod
Diameter
Crank Diameter
Rod
Diameter
Stroke Diameter
Length
Text1 None

Delivery input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None

180
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

At None
Up None
Down None
Flow Flow Rate
Maximu (Standard vol)
m (init)
Pressure Pressure
Maximu
m (init)
Pressure Pressure
Minimum
(init)
Check None
Mode None
(init)
Is None
Routing
Normal None
Routing
mode
Routing Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Maximu
m
Routing Time
Rate of
Ramp
Route None
Queue
Alarming None
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference Per unit
Alarm Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate

181
 PipelineStudio Manual Extras

ROC (Standard vol) Per

Alarm unit Time
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

DRA type input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Degradat None
ion
Burger None
Constant
K1
Burger None
Constant
K2
Conoco None
Coefficie
nts
Aesop None
Coefficie
nts
Text1 None

Fill batch input properties

Name Unit Category

Name None
Liquid None
Type
Originatin None
g Xreg
Volume Line Pack (vol)
Density Reference Density
or Density at

182
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

reference
conditions
Text1 None

Node input properties

Name Unit Category

Name None
X None
Y None
DRA None
Type
DRA None
ppm
Text1 None

Generic pump input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
Upstrea None
m
Setpoint
Node
Downstre None
am
Setpoint
Node
Contract None
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Upstrea Pressure
m Press
Min (init)
Compres None
sion
Ratio
(init)
Maximu Power
m Power
(init)
Flow Flow Rate
Maximu (Standard vol)
m (init)
Check None
Free None
Flow

183
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Mode None
(init)
Initial None
Status
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Max (init)
Adiabatic Percent
Efficiency
Mechanic Percent
al
Efficiency
Auxiliary Power
Load
Maximu Rotation Rate
m Speed
(init)
Minimum Rotation Rate
Speed
(init)
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference
Pressure
ROC Per unit Time
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure

184
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
ROC (Standard vol) Per
Alarm unit Time
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

Heater input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category
Name None
Up None
Down None
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Coefficie Resistance (gas)
nt (init)
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Max (init)
Delta Temperature
Temp Difference
Max (init)
Mode None

185
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

(init)

Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate Per unit

186
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None
Level Length

Leak delivery input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
At None
Up None
Down None
Diameter Diameter
(init)
Ambient Pressure
Pressure
Coefficie None
nt
Mode None
(init)
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference
Alarm
Per unit Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm

187
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Flow HI Flow Rate

Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
ROC (Standard vol) Per
Alarm unit Time
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

Nozzle input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
At None
Up None
Down None
Tank None
Referenc Elevation
e
Elevation
Mode None
(init)
Alarming None
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure

188
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

ROC Difference
Alarm
Per unit Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
ROC (Standard vol) Per
Alarm unit Time
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

Pipe input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Length Length
Diameter Diameter
Up None
Down None
Wall Wall Thickness
Thicknes
s
Roughne Roughness
ss
Ambient Temperature
Temp
Youngs None
Module
Thermal None
Expansio
n
Heat Heat Transfer
Transfer Coeff.

189
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Coeff.

Knot Length
Spacing
Number None
of Walls
Walls None
DoDetail None
edWT
Inner Heat Transfer
Film HTC Coeff.
Outer Heat Transfer
Film HTC Coeff.
Inner None
HTC
Correlati
on
Outer None
HTC
Correlati
on
User None
HTC Mult
(a)
User None
HTC RN
Exp (b)
User None
HTC PN
Exp (c)
User None
HTC Add
(d)
Ground Thermal
Conducti Conductivity
vity
Buried Elevation
Depth
Ambient Viscosity
Medium
viscosity
Ambient Density
Medium
Density
Ambient None
Medium
Conducti
vity
Ambient Heat Capacity
Medium
Heat
Capacity
Ambient Velocity
Medium
Velocity
MAOP None
type

190
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Plastic Pressure
Yield
Stress
Steel Pressure
Yield
Stress
Maximu Pressure
m
Allowed
Operatin
g
Pressure
(given)
Yield None
Safety
Factor
Alarming None
Velocity None
HiHi
Velocity
Velocity
Hi Velocity

Velocity Velocity
Lo Velocity
Velocity
LoLo
Velocity
ROC
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

Queue batch input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Fluid None
Type
Volume Line Pack (vol)
Density Reference Density
or Density at
reference
conditions
Text1 None

191
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Reciprocating Performance curve (CPID) input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Cylinders None
Displace Recip Volume
ment
Volume
Text1 None

Reciprocating pump input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
Upstrea None
m
Setpoint
Node
Downstre None
am
Setpoint
Node
Performa None
nce
Curve
Contract None
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Upstrea Pressure
m Press
Min (init)
Compres None
sion
Ratio
(init)
Maximu Power
m Power
(init)
Maximu Rotation Rate
m Speed
(init)
Minimum Rotation Rate
Speed
(init)

192
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Flow Flow Rate

Maximu (Standard vol)
m (init)
Check None
Free None
Flow
Mode None
(init)
Initial None
Status
Downstre Temperature
am Temp
Max (init)
Adiabatic Percent
Efficiency
Mechanic Percent
al
Efficiency
Auxiliary Power
Load
Valve Head
Loss
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure

193
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

LO Alarm

Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
ROC (Standard vol) Per
Alarm unit Time
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

Regulator valve input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
Upstrea None
m
Setpoint
Node
Downstre None
am
Setpoint
Node

194
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

CV None
Size Diameter
Downstre Pressure
am Press
Max (init)
Upstrea Pressure
m Press
Min (init)
Flow Flow Rate
Maximu (Standard vol)
m (init)
Check None
Free None
Flow
Mode None
(init)
Is None
Routing
Normal None
Routing
Mode
Routing Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Maximu
m
Routing Time
Rate of
Ramp
Route None
Queue
Alarming None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure

195
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
ROC (Standard vol) Per
Alarm unit Time
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

Resistance input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Up None
Down None
Coeff Resistance (liquid)

196
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Riser None
Friction
Factor
Riser Length
Length
Riser None
Efficiency
Riser Diameter
Diameter
Riser Elevation
Height
Differenti
al
Mode None
(init)
None
Alarming
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
HI Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LO Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Upstrea Pressure
m Difference Per unit
Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
HI Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LO Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Downstre Pressure
am Difference Per unit

197
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Pressure Time
ROC
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
ROC (Standard vol) Per
Alarm unit Time
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

Route batch input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Batch None
Action None
Volume Line Pack (vol)
Percent Percent
of Flow
Pass By Line Pack (vol)
Volume
Text1 None

Supply input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None

198
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

At None
Up None
Down None
Fluid Temperature
Temperat
ure (init)
Flow Flow Rate
Maximu (Standard vol)
m (Init)
Pressure Pressure
Maximu
m (init)
Pressure Pressure
Minimum
(init)
Check None
Mode None
(init)
Batch None
Queue
Is None
Routing
Normal None
Routing
Mode
Routing Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Maximu
m
Routing Time
Rate of
Ramp
Route None
Queue
Alarming None
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference Per unit
Alarm Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate

199
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Alarm (Standard vol)

Flow Flow Rate

LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
ROC (Standard vol) Per
Alarm unit Time
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Text1 None
Region None
Zone None
Layer None

System data input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Title None
Referenc Pressure
e
Pressure
Referenc Temperature
e
Temperat
ure
Echo None
Input
Pressure None
Units
Time None
Units
Temp None
Units
Start None
Time
Alarming None
Volume None
Accumul
ation
Pressure Pressure
HIHI
Alarm

200
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Pressure Pressure
HI Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LO Alarm
Pressure Pressure
LOLO
Alarm
Pressure Pressure
ROC Difference
Alarm
Per unit Time
Flow Flow Rate
HIHI (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow HI Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow LO Flow Rate
Alarm (Standard vol)
Flow Flow Rate
LOLO (Standard vol)
Alarm
Flow Flow Rate
ROC (Standard vol) Per
Alarm unit Time
Height Elevation
HIHI
Alarm
Height HI Elevation
Alarm
Height Elevation
LO Alarm
Height Elevation
LOLO
Alarm
Height Elevation Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Accumul Time
ator
Period
Accumul Time
ator
Offset
Trend None
Type
Trend Time
Frequenc
y
Minimum Time
Time
Step
Maximu Time
m Time
Step
Relative None
Accuracy

201
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Density Reference Density

Change or Density at
Toleranc reference
e conditions
Liquid Percent
Change
Toleranc
e
Viscosity None
Power
Constant
Default None
Batch
Name
Default None
Batch
Fluid
Type
Default Reference Density
Batch or Density at
Referenc reference
e Density conditions
Default None
Batch
Originatin
g Xreg
Temperat None
ure
Tracking
Timestep None
ping
Batch None
Tracking
Path None
Optimizat
ion
Density None
Type
DRA None
Tracking
System- Temperature
wide
temperat
ure
Run None
Type
Transient None
Run
Type
Pump None
Check
Initial Pressure
Pressure
Initial Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Initial Rotation Rate
Rotation

202
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Rate

Maximu None
m
Iterations
Initial None
Time
Step
Maximu None
m
Pressure
Change
Maximu Pressure
m
Pressure
Minimum Pressure
Pressure
Maximu Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Minimum Temperature
Temperat
ure
Maximu Velocity
m
Velocity
Maximu None
m
Iterations
with No
Mode
Change
Minimum None
Converg
ence
Toleranc
e
Maximu None
m
Converg
ence
Toleranc
e
Mass None
Balance
Report
Mass Flow Rate
Balance (Standard vol)
Error
Toleranc
e
Leg None
Hydraulic
Report
Leg None
Compon
ent
Report
Selected None

203
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Legs

Resistan None
ce
Hydraulic
Report
Resistan None
ce
Compon
ent
Report
Regulato None
r
Hydraulic
Report
Regulato None
r
Compon
ent
Report
Selected None
Regulato
rs
Pump None
Hydraulic
Report
Pump None
Compon
ent
Report
Block None
Valve
Hydraulic
Report
Block None
Valve
Compon
ent
Report
Check None
Valve
Hydraulic
Report
Check None
Valve
Compon
ent
Report
Selected None
Check
Valves
External None
Regulato
r
Hydraulic
Report
External None
Regulato
r
Compon
ent

204
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Report

Tank None
Hydraulic
Report
Tank None
Compon
ent
Report
Selected None
Tanks
Batch None
Report
Sort None
Elements
SS None
Progress
Report
SS None
Iteration
State
Report
SS Print None
Converg
ence
Report
Iterations
SS Print None
Mode
Change
Report
Iterations
Report None
Time
Option
Dynamic None
Report
Times
List
Dynamic Time
Report
Interval
Time
Configur None
ation
Report
Fixed Time
time step
Interactiv Time
e
maximu
m time
step
Interactiv Time
e
minimum
time step
Interactiv None
e
Relative

205
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accuracy

Interactiv None
e time
step
multiplier
Phase None
Update None
iterations
Update None
wallclock
Use None
absolute
time
Velocity Velocity
HiHi
Alarm
Velocity Velocity
Hi Alarm
Velocity Velocity
Lo Alarm
Velocity Velocity
LoLo
Alarm
Velocity Velocity
ROC
Alarm

Tank input properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Name None
Referenc Elevation
e
Elevation
Maximu Elevation
m Height
Maximu Line Pack (vol)
m
Volume
Gas Pad Line Pack (vol)
Volume
Gas Pad Pressure
Pressure (absolute)
Ambient Pressure
Pressure
Fluid Elevation
Level
Fluid Line Pack (vol)
Volume

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Fluid Temperature
Temperat
ure
Batch None
Name
Fluid None
Type
Density Reference Density
or Density at
reference
conditions
Height Elevation
HIHI
Alarm
Height HI Elevation
Alarm
Height Elevation
LO Alarm
Height Elevation
LOLO
Alarm
Height Elevation Per unit
ROC Time
Alarm
Text1 None

PLS Liquid Output Properties

Block valve output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Status None
% open Percent
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure

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Actual Flow Rate

Flow (Standard vol)
Accumul Line Pack (vol)
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Current None
CV
None
Current
batch None

Converg
ence
error

Centrifugal pump output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Accumul Line Pack (vol)
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density

208
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Head Head
Speed Rotation Rate
Current Percent
Adiabatic
Efficiency
Power Power
Required
Hydraulic Power
Power
Power Power
Available
Current None
batch
None
Converg
ence
error

Check valve output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Accumul Line Pack (vol)
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density

209
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Current None
batch
None
Converg
ence
error

Cooler output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category
Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
wobbe
index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None

210
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Duty None
Converg None
ence
error

Delivery output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Pressure Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Temperat Temperature
ure
Actual Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Density Density
Accumul Line Pack (vol)
ated
Volume
Total Line Pack (vol)
Flow
None
Current
batch None

Current None
fluid None
Delivery
queue
Converg
ence
error

211
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Generic pump output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Accumul Line Pack (vol)
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Head Head
Current Percent
Adiabatic
Efficiency
Power Power
Required
Hydraulic Power
Power
Power Power
Available
Current None
batch
None
Converg
ence
error

Heater output properties (liquid)

212
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate (Actual
Flow vol)
Specific None
Gravity
Heating Heating Value
Value
Upstrea None
m Wobbe
Index
Downstre None
am
Wobbe
Index
Accumul Line Pack
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Upstrea None
m Z-
Factor
Downstre None
am Z-
Factor
Upstrea None
m
Specific
Heat
Ratio
Downstre None
am
Specific
Heat
Ratio

213
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Duty None
Converg None
ence
Error

Leak delivery output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Diameter Diameter
Mode None
Pressure Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Temperat Temperature
ure
Actual Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Density Density
Accumul Line Pack (vol)
ated
Volume
Total Line Pack (vol)
Flow
None
Current
batch None

Current None
fluid None
Delivery
queue
Converg
ence
error

Node output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Pressure Pressure
Flux Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Temperat Temperature

214
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

ure

Density Density
Referenc Reference Density
e Density or Density at
reference
conditions

Nozzle output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Pressure Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Temperat Temperature
ure
Actual Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Density Density
Accumul Line Pack (vol)
ated
Volume
Total Line Pack (vol)
Flow
None
Current
batch None

Current None
fluid None
Delivery
queue
Converg
ence
error

Pipe output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Pressure Pressure
(Head)

215
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Pressure Pressure
(Tail)
Flow Flow Rate
(Head) (Standard vol)
Flow (Tail) Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Temperatu Temperature
re (Head)
Temperatu Temperature
re (Tail)
Density Density
(Head)
Density Density
(Tail)
Velocity Velocity
(Head)
Velocity Velocity
(Tail)
Viscosity Viscosity
(Head) (kinematic)
Viscosity Viscosity
(Tail) (kinematic)
Reynolds None
number
(Head)
Reynolds None
number
(Tail)
Friction None
factor
(Head)
Friction None
factor
(Tail)
Diameter Diameter
(Head)
Diameter Diameter
(Tail)
Drag None
reduction
(Head)
Drag None
reduction
(Tail)
Head Head
(Head)
Head Head
(Tail)
MAOP Pressure
Inventory Line Pack
Packing None
Rate
Derived Wall Thickness
WT

216
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Effective Wall Thickness

WT
Heat Transfer
Derived
HTC None

Converge
nce error

Reciprocating pump output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Accumul Line Pack (vol)
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Head Head
Speed Rotation Rate
Current Percent
Adiabatic
Efficiency
Power Power
Required
Power
Hydraulic
Power
Power Power

217
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Available

Current None
batch
None
Converg
ence
error

Regulator valve output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Accumul Line Pack (vol)
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Current None
batch
None
Converg
ence
error

Resistance output properties (liquid)

218
 PipelineStudio User's Guide

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Upstrea Pressure
m
Pressure
Downstre Pressure
am
Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Upstrea Temperature
m
Temperat
ure
Downstre Temperature
am
Temperat
ure
Actual Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)
Accumul Line Pack (vol)
ated
Volume
Upstrea Density
m
Density
Downstre Density
am
Density
Current None
batch
None
Converg
ence
error

Supply output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Status None
Mode None
Pressure Pressure
Flow Flow Rate
(Standard vol)
Temperat Temperature
ure
Actual Flow Rate
Flow (Standard vol)

219
PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Density Density
Accumul Line Pack (vol)
ated
Volume
Total Line Pack (vol)
Flow
None
Current
batch None

Current None
fluid None
Comp
Queue
Converg
ence
error

Tank output properties (liquid)

Name Unit Category

Current Line Pack (vol)
Fluid
Volume
Current Elevation
Fluid
Level
Current Temperature
Fluid
Temperat
ure
Current Pressure
Gas Pad (absolute)
Pressure
Current Pressure
Static
Surface
Pressure
Current Pressure
Total
Surface
Pressure

220
 Glossary

T
transient run type:

221
 Index
( Density 18, 45, 52, 54, 55, 56
(Shaft) Power (input to driver model) 32 Diameter 27, 36
A Discharge Temperature 37
Adiabatic Efficiency 32, 37, 53 Displaced Volume 35, 55
Adiabatic Head 31, 32, 52, 53 DOT 192.105 50
Aesop Correlation 51 DOT 192.121 50
Ambient Rating Factor 33 DRA 51
Ambient Temperature 33, 43 Drag Reduction Additive 51
Auxiliary Load 37, 43 Drag Reduction Additive (DRA) equations 51
Available Power 44 Driver Efficiency (energy output per unit energy input)33
Available Power for Compressor 44 Drivers 33, 34
B E
Bank compressor output properties 128 Efficiency 33, 34
Bank Compressors 128 Energy Balance Equation 3
Block valve output properties 129, 172 Energy delivery output properties 134
Block Valves 13, 129, 172 Equations 50
Brake Horsepower 55 F
Brake Power 32, 44, 53 Fixed Volume Storage 39
Brown 47 Fixed Volume Storage Input Properties 106
Bulk Modulus 45, 55 Fixed Volume Storage Output Properties 134
Burger Correlation 51 Flow 27, 37, 44, 54, 55, 56
C Flow equations 23
Capacity 36 Fluid 48
Centrifugal Bank Compressor 130 Friction Factor Calculations 4
Centrifugal bank compressor output properties 130 Fuel Consumed 34
Centrifugal Compressor 130 Fuel Consumption 44
Centrifugal compressor output properties 130 Fuel delivery output properties 135
Centrifugal pump output properties 173 G
Centrifugal Pumps 173 Generic and Centrifugal Pump Discharge
Temperature 53, 54
Check valve output properties 131, 174
Generic Bank Compressor 136
Check Valves 131, 174
Generic bank compressor output properties 136
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 46
Generic Compressor 137
Colebrook Equation 4
Generic compressor output properties 137
Compressibility 18, 37
Generic Pump 175
Compressibility Factor Z 15
Generic pump output properties 175
Compressor 34, 44
Glossary 57
Conoco Correlation 51
H
Cooler input properties liquid 152
Head 35, 55
Cooler output properties 132
Head End 35, 36
Cooler output properties liquid 174
Heat Capacities 1, 18
Crane Handbook 56
Heat Capacity 47, 53, 54, 56
Crank End 35, 36, 55
Heat Rate Curve 44
Cylinders 35, 36, 55
Heater and Cooler Duty 13
D
Heater input properties liquid 157
Definitions 57
Heater output properties 138
Delivery 133, 175
Heater output properties liquid 176
Delivery output properties 133, 175
Heating Value 34, 43

223
 PipelineStudio Manual Extras

Heating Value and Molecular Weight 11, 20, 22 Reciprocating Compressor 142
Holcomb 47 Reciprocating compressor output properties 142
I Reciprocating Pump Discharge Temperature 56
ISO6976 22 Regulator Valve 143, 180
L Regulator valve output properties 143, 180
Leak delivery output properties 139, 177 Reservoir Storage 42, 118
Leak External Regulator 34, 54 Reservoir Storage Output properties 144
Limiting Nusselt Number 27 Resistance 27, 145, 180
M Resistance Coefficient 37, 56
MAOP 50 Resistance Element 56
MAOP Equations 50 Resistance Elements 56
Mass Balance Equation 3 Resistance Equipment 37
Maximum Available Power 33 Resistance output properties 145, 180
Maximum Operating Pressure 50 Reynolds Number 4, 23, 27
Maximum Power Curve 43 Rod Load 36
Mechanical Efficiency 37, 53, 54, 55, 56 Rough Pipe Law 23
Modified Pseudo-Critical Temperature and Pressure 14 S
Molecular Weight 11, 20, 22 Smooth-Pipe Law 23
Momentum Balance Equation 3 Specific Fuel Consumption 34
Moody Friction Factor 3, 51 Specific Gravity 1, 14, 18, 45, 47
N Specific Heat 35, 37
Node 139, 177 Steel pipe 50
Node output properties 139, 177 Stroke Length 35, 55
Nozzle 178 Supply 146, 181
Nozzle output properties 178 Supply output properties 146, 181
Nusselt Number 27 T
O Tank 181
Overall heat transfer coefficient 3, 27 Tank output properties 181
P Temperature1, 14, 18, 27, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 53, 54, 56
Performance Curves 32, 43, 44, 53 Temperature Rise 33
Petroleum Measurement Standards 45 Temperature tracking 27
Pipe 27, 50, 140, 178 Terms 57
Pipe output properties 140, 178 TGNET error messages 60
Plastic pipe 50 Thermal Expansion 46
Power 33, 34, 37, 43, 44, 55, 56 TLNET error messages 71
Power setpoint 34 Turbine input properties 127
Prandtl Number 27 Turbines 43, 44
Pressure1, 14, 18, 35, 36, 37, 45, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55 V
Properties 50 Valve Loss 37, 55
Pseudo-Critical Temperature and Pressure 14 Viscosity 48, 51
Pump 55, 179 Viscosity Gas 23
R Volume 35, 45, 53, 54
Rated Heat Rate 44 Volumetric Efficiency 35
Rated Power 33 W
Rated Speed 43 Wall Temperature Calculation 27
Rated Temperature 33 Wall Thickness 50
Ratio 37 Weymouth 23
Reciprocating Bank Compressor 141 Wichert-Aziz 14
Reciprocating bank compressor output properties 141 Working with Drag Reduction Additives 51, 155

224
225