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SOT

This document discusses the properties and solutions of triangles, including the Sine Rule, Cosine Formulae, and various area calculations. It explains the concepts of circumcircle, incircle, and exscribed circles, along with their respective radii and centers. Additionally, it covers the orthocenter of a triangle and related geometric properties.

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85 views4 pages

SOT

This document discusses the properties and solutions of triangles, including the Sine Rule, Cosine Formulae, and various area calculations. It explains the concepts of circumcircle, incircle, and exscribed circles, along with their respective radii and centers. Additionally, it covers the orthocenter of a triangle and related geometric properties.

Uploaded by

jhasahaj370
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© © All Rights Reserved
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PROPERTIES AND SOLUTION OF TRIANGLE INTRODUCTION In any triangle ABC, the side BC, opposite to the angle A is denoted by a ; the side CA and AB, opposite to the angles B and C respectively are denoted by b and ¢ respectively. Semiperimeter of the triangle is denoted by s and its area by 4 or S. In this chapter, we shall discuss various relations between the sides a ,b, ¢ and the angles ABC of 4 ABC. SINE RULE The sides of a triangle ( any type of triangle) are proportional to the sines of the angle opposite to them in triangle ab o¢ ABC. Sin” sin” sin note (1) The abv can ie writen ae 20208. se COSINE FORMULAE bree? Cat —bt at sb? Inany 4 ABC, €0s A= "3 =* cos B= TE, cos C = SE PROJECTION FORMULAE Inany 4 ABC, a=b cos C + € cos B, b= c eos A+ a cos C, =a cos B+ b cos A. TRIGONOMETRICAL RATIOS OF HALF OF THE ANGLES OF A TRIANGLE In any 4 ABC , we have b)(s-c) B_ |(s-e)(s-a) be ey ac . con. PEA) fe A_ffe-bys-o) | B_ [(s-ojle-al cor a AREA OF A TRIANGLE If A be the area of a triangle ABC, then @ a=2be sinA=1ca sinB=absinc 2 2 2 4 a?sinB sinC _1 bisinC sind _ sin(B+C) ) «i Gi) A=JS(S=a)(S=B)(S—e) (Hero's formula) Form above results, we obtain following values of sin A, sin B, sin C (yy sin 2a_2 BAZ e-ayle-B=4) 2 oy sn 28..2 o(sray(eBye=6) 2a_2 wo 28.2 Sele-ayisbye-6) Further with the help of (iv) ,(¥) (vi) we obtain CIRCUMCIRCLE OF A TRIANGLE A circle passing through the vertices of a triangle is called the circumeircle of the triangle, The centre of the circumeircle is called the circum-centre of the triangle and itis the point of intersection of the perpendicular biscctors of the sides of the triangle, ‘The radius of the circumeircle is called the circum radius of the triangle and is usually denoted by R and is given by the following formulae 2sinA ~ 2sinB Zein 4a arb+e 2 Where A is area of triangle and s = INCIRCLE OF A TRIANGLE ‘The circle which can be inscribed within the triangle so as to touch all the three sides is called the incirele of the triangle. The centre of the incircle is called the in centre of the triangle and it is the point of intersection of the internal bisectors of the angles of the triangle. The radius of the incircle is called the inradius of the triangle and is usually denoted by r and is given by the following formula In— Radius : The radius r of the inscribed circle of a triangle ABC is given by A @ re & @ (i) r= —a)tan[Z) , r= (—b) tan [5] and r= (S—e) tan Hi con(s)e(3) (3) of) o(5) jw) 2 sn(S) sn (2) an(8) ESCRIBED CIRCLES OF A TRIANGLE ‘The circle which touches the sides BC and two sides AB and AC produced of a triangle ABC is called the escirbed circle opposite to the angle A. Its radius is denoted by r, . Similarly r, and r, denote the radii of the eseribed circles opposite to the angles B and C respectively. The centres of the escribed circles are called the ex-centres. The centre of the escribed circle opposite to the angle A is the point of intersection of the external bisector of angles B and C. The internal bisector also passes through the same point. This centre is generally denoted by I,. FORMULAE FOR +, =ARsinXcos® cos© , 1, = 4Reos S sin Beos © , r, = 4R cos cos sinS (iv) r= ARsincost cosS , r, 4 Roos Hsin cos , t = 4Rcos4cose sin S ORTHOCENTRE OF A TRIANGLE The point of intersection of perpendiculars drawn from the vertices on the opposite sides of a triangle is called its orthocentre. Let the perpendicular AD, BE and CF from the vertices A, B and C on the opposite sides BC, CA and AB of ABC, respectively, mest at O. Then O is the orthocentre of the 4 ABC. ‘The triangle DEF is called the pedal triangle of the A ABC, The distances of the orthocentre from the vertices and the sides - If O is the orthocentre and DEF the pedal triangle of the DABC, where AD, BE, CF are the perpendiculars drawn from A, B.C on the opposite sides BC, CA, AB respectively, then (i) OA= 2R cos A, OB = 2R cos B and OC = 2R cos C (i) OD = 2 cos B cos C, OF = 2R cos C cos Aand OF = 2R cos A cos B (i) Te creunai oft ul vngle= © (iv) The arca of pedal triangle = 2,4 cosA cos B cos C. be ei a ols bie

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