9.

4 Graphs of
trigonometric functions
Additional Mathematics
Friday, April 25, 2025
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Vocabulary: Formula/s:

Discussion: Key point/s:

❑
❑

Reflection / Journal:
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Drill/Recall:

1. What are the primary trigonometric ratios?

2. What are the values of sin 0 , sin 30 , sin 45 ,

sin 60 , and sin 90 ?

3. What are the domain and range of a sine function?

 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Objective/s: Anchor Task:

❑ Identify the
shape and key
characteristics
of the sine,
cosine, and
tangent
graphs.

❑ Describe how
amplitude,
period, phase
shift, and
vertical shift
affect the
graph.

❑ Sketch and
interpret
transformation
s of
▪ Describe the graph of sin(𝑥).
trigonometric
graphs.
Vocabulary:
Trigonometric function graphs, Amplitude, Phase shift, Vertical shift
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Objective/s: Discussion:
❑ Identify the
shape and key Amplitude
characteristics
of the sine, The amplitude of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 or 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 is half
cosine, and
tangent the distance between the maximum and minimum values of the
graphs.
function. y
❑ Describe how
amplitude, 4
period, phase
shift, and
y = 2 sin x 
vertical shift
affect the
3
graph. 2  2 2 x
❑ Sketch and 1
interpret y= sin x
transformation 2
s of y = – 4 sin x y = sin x
trigonometric
graphs. reflection of y = 4 sin x y = 4 sin x
−4
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Objective/s: Discussion:
❑ Identify the
shape and key Period
characteristics
of the sine, The period of a function is the 𝑥 interval needed for the function
cosine, and
tangent to complete one cycle.
graphs. y
Describe how
y = sin 2 period: 2
period: 
❑
amplitude, y = sin x x
period, phase
shift, and
vertical shift −  2
affect the
graph.

❑ Sketch and y y = cos x

1
interpret
transformation
y = cos x period: 2
s of
2 −  2 3 4 x
trigonometric period: 4
graphs.
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Objective/s: Discussion:
❑ Identify the
shape and key Properties of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
characteristics
of the sine, Characteristics:
cosine, and
tangent
graphs.
▪ Amplitude: 𝟏
❑ Describe how
amplitude,
▪ Period: 𝟐𝝅
period, phase
shift, and
vertical shift
▪ Domain: ℝ
affect the
graph. ▪ Range: [−𝟏, 𝟏]
❑ Sketch and
interpret 𝝅
transformation ▪ Key points: 𝟎, 𝟎 , ,𝟏 , 𝝅, 𝟎 , etc.
s of 𝟐
trigonometric
graphs.
Vocabulary:
Trigonometric function graphs, Amplitude, Phase shift, Vertical shift
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Objective/s: Discussion:
❑ Identify the
shape and key Transformation: 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄
characteristics
of the sine, Characteristics:
cosine, and
tangent
graphs.
▪ Amplitude: 𝒂 y

y = A sin Bx
Amplitude: | A|
❑ Describe how 𝟐𝝅
amplitude, ▪ Period: x
period, phase 𝒃
shift, and Starting point: x = C
vertical shift
affect the ▪ Vertical Shift: 𝒄 Period: 2/B
graph.

❑ Sketch and
interpret
transformation
s of
trigonometric
graphs.
Vocabulary:
Trigonometric function graphs, Amplitude, Phase shift, Vertical shift
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Example:

Solve the equation graphically and algebraically.

𝑥−1 = 𝑥+3
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Worked Example 1:

Determine the amplitude, period, and vertical shift of

1
𝑦 = sin 3𝑥 + 4
2
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Objective/s: Discussion:
❑ Identify the
shape and key Properties of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
characteristics
of the sine, Characteristics:
cosine, and
tangent
graphs.
▪ Amplitude: 𝟏
❑ Describe how
amplitude,
▪ Period: 𝟐𝝅
period, phase
shift, and
vertical shift
▪ Domain: ℝ
affect the
graph. ▪ Range: [−𝟏, 𝟏]
❑ Sketch and
interpret 𝝅
transformation ▪ Key points: 𝟎, 𝟏 , ,𝟎 , 𝝅, −𝟏 , etc.
s of 𝟐
trigonometric
graphs.
Vocabulary:
Trigonometric function graphs, Amplitude, Phase shift, Vertical shift
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Objective/s: Discussion:
❑ Identify the
shape and key Transformation: 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄
characteristics
of the sine, Characteristics: Starting point: x = C
cosine, and
tangent
graphs.
▪ Amplitude: 𝒂 y

y = A cos Bx
Amplitude: | A|
❑ Describe how 𝟐𝝅
amplitude, ▪ Period: x
period, phase 𝒃
shift, and
vertical shift
affect the ▪ Vertical Shift: 𝒄 Period: 2/B
graph.

❑ Sketch and
interpret
transformation
s of
trigonometric
graphs.
Vocabulary:
Trigonometric function graphs, Amplitude, Phase shift, Vertical shift
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Worked Example 2:

Determine the amplitude, period, and vertical shift of

1
𝑦 = 2 cos 𝑥 − 1
3
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Objective/s: Discussion:
❑ Identify the
shape and key Properties of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
characteristics
of the sine, Characteristics:
cosine, and
tangent
graphs.
▪ Amplitude: 𝑵𝒐𝒏𝒆
❑ Describe how
amplitude,
▪ Period: 𝝅
period, phase
shift, and
vertical shift
▪ Range: −𝟏, 𝟏
affect the
graph. ▪ Domain:
❑ Sketch and
interpret 𝝅
transformation ℝ, 𝒙 ≠ + 𝝅𝒏, where 𝑛 is any integer.
s of 𝟐
trigonometric
graphs.
Vocabulary:
Trigonometric function graphs, Amplitude, Phase shift, Vertical shift
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Objective/s: Discussion:
❑ Identify the
shape and key Transformation: 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄
characteristics
of the sine, Characteristics:
cosine, and
tangent
graphs.
▪ Amplitude: 𝑵𝒐𝒏𝒆
Describe how 𝝅
▪ Period:
❑
amplitude,
period, phase 𝒃
shift, and
vertical shift
affect the
▪ Vertical Shift: 𝒄
graph.

❑ Sketch and
interpret
transformation
s of
trigonometric
graphs.
Vocabulary:
Trigonometric function graphs, Amplitude, Phase shift, Vertical shift
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Summary:
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Summary:
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Summary:
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Worked Example 3:

Sketch the graph of

𝑦 = 3 cos 𝑥
on the interval −𝜋, 4𝜋 .
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Worked Example 3:

Write an equation for a positive sine curve

with an amplitude of 3, period of 90°
and vertical shift of 2 units up.
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Worked Example 4:

Write an equation for a positive cosine curve

1 𝜋
with an amplitude of , period of
2 4
and vertical shift of 3 units down.
 Additional Friday, April
Mathematics 9.4 Graphs of trigonometric functions 25, 2025

Reflection / Journal:

1. Which transformation do you find easiest to

visualize and why?
2. What’s something new you understood about
trigonometric graphs today?