Synopsis: Complex Numbers

Three Important terms: Conjugate / Modulus / Argument

Conjugate: If z = a + ib then its conjugate complex is obtained by changing the sign of its
imaginary part and denoted by 𝑧 i.e. 𝑧 = 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏
Note that: (a) 𝑧 + 𝑧 = 2Re z (b) 𝑧 − 𝑧 = 2i Im z (c) 𝑧. 𝑧= a2 + b2 (d) If z lies in 1st
quadrant then 𝑧 lies in 4th quadrant and – 𝑧 in the 2nd Quad. (e) If x + iy = f (a + ib)
then x – iy = f (a – ib) (f) Also if 𝑧 + 𝑧 = 0  z is purely imaginary. If 𝑧−𝑧
= 0  z is purely real.

Modulus: If P denotes a complex number z = x + iy

then OP = | z | = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
note that | z | > 0. ; | i | = 1
All complex number having the same modulus lie on a circle with
centre as origin and r = | z |.

Argument: If OP makes an angle  with real axis, then  is called one of the argument of z.
General values of argument of z are given by 2n + , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍. Note that any two argument
differ by 2.
Note that by specifying the modulus and argument, a complex number is completely defined.
However for the complex number 0 + 0i the argument is not defined and this is the only
complex number which is completely defined by talking in terms of its modulus.

Amplitude (Principal value of argument) :

The unique value of  such that –  <  <  is called principal value of argument. Unless
otherwise stated, amp z refers to the principal value of argument.
Note: 𝑎 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 only if atleast one of either a or b is non negative.

Representation of a complex in different form :

(i) Cartesian form / Algebric form:
z = x + iy ; Here | z | = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ;  = tan–1 (y/x)
Eg. Find the set of points on the complex plane for which z2 + z + 1 is real and positive.

(ii) Trigonometric form / Polar form:

z = x + iy = r (cos  + i sin) = r CiS 
where | z | = r ; amp z =    

Note that (CiS ) (CiS ) = CiS( + )
(CiS ) (CiS (–) = CiS( – )
1/ CiS  = (CiS )–1 = CiS(– )
(iii) Exponential form: Since eix = cosx + i sinx hence z = rei is the exponential representation.
 𝑒 𝑖𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑖𝑥 𝑒 𝑖𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑖𝑥
Note that (a) cosx = and sinx =
2 2𝑖
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
(b) cos ix = = cos hx is always positive real and is > 1 and sin ix =
2 2
i= sin hx is always purely imaginary.

Important Properties Of Conjugate / Modulus / Amplitude :

If z , z1 , z2  C then ;
(a) z + 𝑧 = 2 Re (z) ; z  𝑧 = 2 i Im (z) ; 𝑧 =z ; 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 = 𝑧1 +𝑧2 ;
𝑧1 𝑧1
𝑧1 − 𝑧2 = 𝑧1 -𝑧2 ; 𝑧1 𝑧2 = 𝑧1 𝑧2 ; = ; z2  0
𝑧2 𝑧2
1
(b) | z |  0 ; | z |  Re (z) ; | z |  Im (z) ; | z | =𝑧|=| – z | ; z 𝑧=|𝑧|2 ; if |z|=1 then z=
𝑧
𝑧1 𝑧1 n n
z1 z2 = z1.z2 ; = , z2  0, z  = z ;
𝑧2 𝑧2
 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧1 − 𝑧2 = 2 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 2 
2 2 2

z1 z2  z1 + z2  z1+ z2 [TRIANGLE INEQUALITY]

(c) (i) amp (z1 . z2) = amp z1 + amp z2 + 2k. k  I
𝑧
(ii) amp( 1 ) = amp z1  amp z2 + 2 k k  I
𝑧2

(iii) amp(zn) = n amp(z) + 2k where proper value of k

must be chosen so that RHS lies in (, ].
Note: For any complex number amp z + amp of (-𝑧) =  or
amp z + amp (–1) + amp (𝑧) = 

Vector Representation Of A Complex

Every complex number can be considered as the position vector of a point. If the point P
represents the complex number z then, 𝑂𝑃 = z & 𝑂𝑃  = z

Geometrical meaning of ei

(i) If 𝑂𝑃 = z = r ei  then 𝑂𝑄 = z1 = r ei ( + ) = z . e i .
If 𝑂𝑃 and 𝑂𝑄 are of unequal magnitude then 𝑂𝑄 = 𝑂𝑃 𝑒 𝑖𝜑
Eg. If z = 𝑂𝐴 = 1 + i then z1 = 𝑂𝐵 = i (1 + i) = – 1 + i
(ii) Using the vector concept and section formula complex numbers
corresponding to centroid , incentre for a triangle whose vertices are z1
, z2 , z3 can be deduced.
(iii) If z1, z2, z3 are collinear z1 | z2– z3 | – z2 | z3 – z1 | + z3 | z1 – z2 | = 0.
𝑧 +𝑧 +𝑧
(iv) Centroid ' G ' = 1 2 3
3
𝑎𝑧1 +𝑏𝑧2 +𝑐𝑧3
(v) Incentre ' I ' =
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
IMP
1. If z1 , z2 , z3 are the vertices of an isosceles triangle right angled at z2 then
 prove that 𝑧12 +2 𝑧22 + 𝑧32 = 2 z2 (z1 + z3)
2. If z1 , z2 , z3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle then prove
that 𝑧12 + 𝑧22 + 𝑧32 = z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 and if z0 is its circum-
centre then 𝑧12 + 𝑧22 + 𝑧32 =3𝑧0 2

Following loci on z can easily be interpreted based on vectorial concept

(1) | z – (1 + 2i) | = 3 denotes a circle with centre (1, 2) and radius 3.

(2) | z – 1 | = | z – i | denotes the equation of the perpendicular
bisector of join of (1, 0) and (0, 1) on the Argand plane.
(3) | z – 4i | + | z + 4i | = 10 denotes an ellipse with foci at (0, 4) and (0,
– 4); major axis 10; minor axis 6 with e = 4/5.
36 64 4 𝑥2 𝑦2
e2 = 1 – =  e = + =1
100 100 5 25 9
(4) | z – 1 | + | z + 1 | = 1 denotes no locus
(5) | z – 1 | < 1 denotes area inside a circle with centre (0, 1) and radius 1.
(6) 1  | z – 1 | < 3 denotes region between the concentric circles of
radii 3 and 1. Centred at (1, 0) including the inner boundary.
𝜋
(7) 0  Arg Z  (z  0)
4
wedge defined by positive real axis and the part of the line x = y in
the first quadrant. It includes the boundary but not the origin.
(8) Re (z2) > 0 denotes the area between the lines x = y and x = – y which
includes the x-axis

Demoivre’s Theorem cos n  + i sin n  = (cos + i sin )n n  Q

Cube Root of Unity

−1+𝑖 3 −1−𝑖 3
(i) The cube roots of unity are 1 , , 2 .(Note that 1 − 𝑖 3 = −2𝑤 and 1 + 𝑖 3 = −2𝑤 2 )
2
(ii) If w is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 1 + w + w² = 0 . In general 1 +
wr + w2r = 0 ; where r  I but is not the multiple of 3.
2𝜋 2𝜋 4𝜋 4𝜋
(iii) In polar form the cube roots of unity are: cos 0 + i sin 0 ; cos 3 + i sin 3 , cos 3 + i sin 3
(iv) The three cube roots of unity when plotted on the argand plane constitute the verties of an
equilateral triangle.
(v) (a, b, c  R &  is the cube root of unity)
a3  b3 = (a  b) (a  b) (a  ²b) ; x2 + x + 1 = (x  ) (x  2);
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a + b) (a + 2b) ;
a3 + b3 + c3  3abc = (a + b + c) (a + b + ²c) (a + ²b + c)

nth ROOTS OF UNITY :

If 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 ..... n  1 are the n , nth root of unity then:
2𝜋 2𝜋
(i) They are in G.P. with common ratio e i (2/n) = cos + i sin
𝑛 𝑛
 (ii) 1p + (1)p + (2)p + ..... + (n – 1)p = 0 if p is not an integral multiple of n
1p + (1)p + (2)p + ..... + (n – 1)p = n if p is an integral multiple of n
(iii) (1  1) (1  2) ...... (1  n  1) = n
(iv) (1 + 1) (1 + 2) ....... (1 + n  1) = 0 if n is even and 1 if n is odd.
(v) 1 . 1 . 2 . 3 ......... n  1 = 1 or 1 according as n is odd or even.
0 𝑛 = 3𝑘
(vi) (w – 1) (w – 2) ..... (w – n–1) = 1 𝑛 = 3𝑘 + 1
1+𝑤 𝑛 = 3𝑘 + 2
Note that sum of all the n, nth roots always vanishes.

Summation of series using complex numbers

𝑛𝜃
sin 𝑛+1
(i) cos  + cos 2  + cos 3  + ..... + cos n  = 2
𝜃 cos ( )
sin 2
2
𝑛𝜃
sin 𝑛+1
(ii) sin  + sin 2  + sin 3  + ..... + sin n  = 2
𝜃 sin ( )
sin 2
2
Straight lines & circles on complex plane
(1) Equation of a line passing through z1 & z2 on argand plane can be expressed as:
𝑎𝑧 +𝑎𝑧 + r = 0 where  =  i (z1  z2) and 𝑎 = i (𝑧1  𝑧2) and r = i (z1𝑧2-𝑧1 z2)
note that z1𝑧2 & 𝑧1 z2 are conjugate of each other
 z1𝑧2-𝑧1 z2 = purely imaginary

The above equation can also be deduced as:

If 𝑃𝐴 & 𝑃𝐵 are always collinear i.e.
Arg (z  z1)  Arg (z  z2) = 0 or 
z− z z− z
or Arg ( 1) = 0 or  (3) i.e. 1 is purely real
z−z 2 z−z 2
z− z z− z
i.e. 1 = 1
z−z 2 z −z 2

Note that : The equation , Arg (z ) =  denotes a ray emanating from the point A () moving
away from ' A '

Equation of a Circle :
z  z0 =  or |𝑧 − 𝑧0|2 = 2 where  is the radius of the circle and z0 is the centre
or (z  z0)(z − z0) = 2
z𝑧- zz0  z0 z + z0z0 2 = 0
if  z0 =  then −z0= 𝛼 & 𝛼=z0z0
z𝑧 + 𝛼 z +𝛼 z + 𝛼 2 = 0
or z𝑧 + 𝛼 z +𝛼 z + 𝑟 = 0
2
where 𝛼  = r or  𝛼 𝛼 − 𝑟
Equation of a circle described on the line joining z1 & z2 as diameter
For the point P in the upper half of the circle
𝜋
arg 𝐵𝑃  arg 𝐴𝑃 =
2
𝑧−𝑧2 𝜋
or arg =  (1)
𝑧−𝑧1 2
If P moves in the lower half ,
𝜋
arg 𝐴𝑃  arg 𝐵𝑃 =
2
𝑧−𝑧1 𝜋
or arg =  (2)
𝑧−𝑧2 2
From (1) & (2) equation of the complete circle is
𝑧−𝑧1 𝜋
arg = ±  (3)
𝑧−𝑧2 2
𝑧−𝑧1 𝑧−𝑧1 𝑧−𝑧1
Hence is purely imaginary + = 0 ....(4)
𝑧−𝑧2 𝑧−𝑧2 𝑧−𝑧2
or (z  z1) 𝑧 − 𝑧2 + (z  z2) 𝑧 − 𝑧1 = 0  (5)
alt. simplify |z – z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = |z1 – z2|2 circle on the join of z1 & z2 as diameter.

Conditions for 4 points to be concyclic:

When z3 & z4 are on either side of the line joining z1 & z2
𝑧 −𝑧
we have , arg 1 3 =   (1)
𝑧2 −𝑧3
𝑧4 −𝑧2
and arg =   (2)
𝑧4 −𝑧1
Adding (1) & (2)
𝑧 −𝑧 𝑧 −𝑧
arg 1 3 . 4 2 = 
𝑧2 −𝑧3 𝑧4 −𝑧1
𝑧1 −𝑧3 𝑧4 −𝑧2
Hence . is negative real  (3)
𝑧2 −𝑧3 𝑧4 −𝑧1
Again if z4 & z3 lies on the same side of z1 & z2, then we have for the complex no. z4
𝑧 −𝑧
arg 1 4 =   (4)
𝑧2 −𝑧4
𝑧1 −𝑧3 𝑧1 −𝑧4
From (1) & (4) arg = arg
𝑧2 −𝑧3 𝑧2 −𝑧4
𝑧1 −𝑧3 𝑧1 −𝑧4 𝑧 −𝑧 𝑧 −𝑧
or arg - arg =0 or Arg 1 3 . 2 4 =0
𝑧2 −𝑧3 𝑧2 −𝑧4 𝑧2 −𝑧3 𝑧1 −𝑧4
𝑧1 −𝑧3 𝑧2 −𝑧4
Hence . is positive real  (5)
𝑧2 −𝑧3 𝑧1 −𝑧4
𝑧1 −𝑧3 𝑧4 −𝑧2
From (3) & (5) we have . is real, which is the required condition for z1, z2, z3
𝑧2 −𝑧3 𝑧4 −𝑧1
& z4 to be concyclic.
Hence the equation of a circle through 3 non zero collinear points can be written replacing z4
𝑧 −𝑧 𝑧−𝑧 𝑧 −𝑧 𝑧−𝑧 𝑧 −𝑧 𝑧 −𝑧
by z as , 1 3 . 2 is real Or 1 3 . 2 = 1 3 . 2  (6)
𝑧2 −𝑧3 𝑧−𝑧1 𝑧2 −𝑧3 𝑧−𝑧1 𝑧2 −𝑧3 𝑧 −𝑧1

General locii on complex plane :

(a) | z – z1 | + | z – z2 | = constant (constant > | z1 – z2 | ) is an ellipse with its two foci at z1 and z2
(b) | z – z1 | – | z – z2 | = constant (constant < | z1 – z2 | ) is a hyperbola with its two foci at z1 and z2.
(c) | z – z1 |2 + | z – z2 |2 = | z1 – z2 |2 represent locus of a circle with z1 and z2 as its diameter
(d) (z – 𝑧)2 + 8 a (z +𝑧 ) = 0 represent a standard equation of parabola
 Assignment: Complex Numbers

Single Choice

1. A particle P starts from the point 𝑧0 = 1 + 2𝑖, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖 = −1 It moves first horizontally away from origin by
5 units and then vertically away from origin by 3 units to reach a point z1. From z1 the particie moves 2
𝜋
units in the direction of the vector 𝑖 + 𝑗 and then it moves through an angle 2 in anticlockwise direction on a
circle with centre at origin, to reach a point 𝑧2. The point z2 is given by
a. 6 + 7𝑖 b. −7 + 6𝑖 c. 7 + 6𝑖 d. −6 + 7𝑖
2. Let 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 be a complex number where 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 are integers. Then the area of the rectangle whose
vertices are the roots of the equation 𝑧𝑧 3 + 𝑧𝑧 3 = 350 is
a. 48 b. 32 c. 40 d. 80
3. Let 𝑧 be a complex number such that the imaginary part of 𝑧 is nonzero and 𝑎 = 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 + 1 is real. Then 𝑎
cannot take the value
1 1 3
a. −1 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4
4. Let 𝑍1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍2 be two complex numbers satisfying 𝑧1 = 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍2 − 3 − 4𝑖 = 4. Then the minimum
value of 𝑍1 − 𝑍2 is
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 2
2
5. If 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 be the roots of the equation 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 = 0, then the least value of 𝑛 for which
𝛼 𝑛
𝛽
= 1 is :
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
2
6. If 𝛼, 𝛽 are the roots of 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 then
𝑦+1 𝛽 𝛼
𝛽 𝑦+𝛼 1 =
𝛼 1 𝑦+𝛽
a. 𝑦 2 − 1 b. 𝑦 𝑦 2 − 1 c. 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 d. 𝑦 3
𝜋
7. If z and w are two complex numbers such that 𝑧𝑤 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 arg 𝑧 − arg 𝑤 = 2 , then
1−𝑖 −1+𝑖
a. 𝑧𝑤 = 𝑖 b. 𝑧𝑤 = −𝑖 c. 𝑧𝑤 = 2
d. 𝑧𝑤 = 2
8. The equation 𝑧 − 𝑖 = 𝑧 − 1 , 𝑖 = −1, represents :
a. A circle of radius 1
1
b. A circle of radius 2
c. The line through the origin with slope −1
d. The line through the origin with slope 1.
1
9. If 𝑧 is a complex number such that 𝑧 ≥ 2, then the minimum value of 𝑧 + 2
a. Is equal to 5/2
b. Lies in the interval (1, 2)
c. Is strictly greater than 5/2
d. Is strictly greater than 3/2 but less than 5/2
10. The sequence S = i + 2i2 + 3i3 + ⋯ upto 100 terms simplifies to where 𝑖 = −1

a. 50 1 − 𝑖 b. 25𝑖 c. 25 1 + 𝑖 d. 100 1 − 𝑖
Assertion & Reason

These questions contains, Statement I (assertion) and Statement II (reason).

A. Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is correct explanation for Statement-I.

B. Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I.

C. Statement-I is true, Statement-II is false.

D. Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true.

11. Statement-I : If 𝑧 = 𝑖 + 2𝑖 2 + 3𝑖 3 + ⋯ + 32 𝑖 32 , then 𝑧, 𝑧, −𝑧&−𝑧 forms the vertices of square on argand

plane.

Because

Statement-II : 𝑧, 𝑧, −𝑧, −𝑧 are situated at the same distance from the origin on argand plane.

a. A b. B c. C d. D

12. Let = −1 . The product of the real part of the roots of 𝑧 2 − 𝑧 = 5 − 5𝑖 is -

a. −25 b. −6 c. −5 d. 25

13. In the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑝 + 𝑖𝑞 𝑥 + 3𝑖 = 0, 𝑝 & 𝑞 are real. If the sum of the squares of the roots is 8

then :

a. 𝑝 = 3, 𝑞 = −1 b. 𝑝 = −3, 𝑞 = −1

c. 𝑝 = 3, 𝑞 = 1 or 𝑝 = −3, 𝑞 = −1 d. 𝑝 = −3, 𝑞 = 1

14. If 𝑧1 = 1, 𝑧2 = 2, 𝑧3 = 3 and 9𝑧1 𝑧2 + 4𝑧1 𝑧3 + 𝑧2 𝑧3 = 12 then the value of 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧3 is equal to -

a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 6

15. Let z and ⍵ are two non-zero complex numbers such that 𝑧 = ⍵ and arg 𝑧 + arg ⍵ = 𝜋, then z equal

to –

a. ⍵ b. −⍵ c. ⍵ d. −⍵

16. If z and ⍵ are two non-zero complex numbers such that 𝑧⍵ = 1, and Arg z − Arg ⍵ = 𝜋/2, then 𝑧 ⍵

is equal to –

a. 1 b. −1 c. 𝑖 d. −𝑖

17. If 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 satisfies amp z − 1 = amp z + 3 then the value of 𝑥 − 1 ∶ 𝑦 is equal to

a. 2 ∶ 1 b. 1 ∶ 3 c. −1 ∶ 3 d. does not exist

18. The number of solutions of the equation in 𝑧, 𝑧 𝑧 − 3 + 𝑖 𝑧 − 3 − 𝑖 𝑧 − 6 = 0 is :

a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. infinite
𝑖𝜃
19. Real part of 𝑒 𝑒 is –

a. 𝑒 cos 𝜃 cos sin 𝜃 b. 𝑒 cos 𝜃 cos cos 𝜃

c. 𝑒 sin 𝜃 sin cos 𝜃 d. 𝑒 sin 𝜃 sin sin 𝜃

20. If 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 then the equation of a straight line 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0 where A, B, C ∈ R, can be written on the

complex plane in the form 𝑎𝑧 + 𝑎 𝑧 + 2𝐶 = 0 where ‘a’ is equal to :

𝐴+𝑖𝐵 𝐴−𝑖𝐵
a. b.
2 2

c. 𝐴 + 𝑖𝐵 d. none

21. The curve represented by 𝑅𝑒 𝑧 2 = 4 is :

a. a parabola b. an ellipse

c. a circle d. a rectangular hyperbola

π
22. The set of points on an Argand diagram which satisfy both 𝑧 ≤ 4&Arg z = 3
are lying on –

a. a circle & a line b. a radius of a circle

c. a sector of a circle d. an infinite part line

23. If ⍵ is an imaginary cube root of unity, then 1 + ⍵ − ⍵2 7

equals

a. 128⍵ b. −128⍵

c. 128 ⍵2 d. −128 ⍵2

334 365
1 𝑖 3 1 𝑖 3
24. If 𝑖 = −1 , then 4 + 5 − 2 + 2
+3 −2 + 2
is equal to :

a. 1 − 𝑖 3 b. −1 + 𝑖 3

c. 𝑖 3 d. −𝑖 3

6 6 5 5
−1+𝑖 3 −1−𝑖 3 −1+𝑖 3 −1−𝑖 3
25. 2
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2
is equal to –

a. 1 b. −1 c. 2 d. none of these
 𝑥+1 𝜔 𝜔2
26. If ω is an imaginary cube root of unity, then a root of equation 𝜔 𝑥 + 𝜔2 1 = 0, can be
𝜔2 1 𝑥+2

a. 𝑥 = 1 b. 𝑥 = 𝜔 c. 𝑥 = 𝜔2 d. 𝑥 = 0

27. The inequality 𝑧 − 4 < 𝑧 − 2 represents the following region –

a. Re z > 0 b. Re z < 0

c. Re z > 2 d. none of these

28. A point ‘z’ moves on the curve 𝑧 − 4 − 3𝑖 = 2 in an argand plane. The maximum and minimum values of |z|

are –

a. 2, 1 b. 6, 5 c. 4, 3 d. 7, 3
π
29. If Arg z − 2 − 3i = 4 , then the locus of z is :

a. b.

c. d.

Assertion & Reason

These questions contains, Statement I (assertion) and Statement II (reason)

a. Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is correct explanation for statement-I.

b. Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I.

c. Statement-I is true, Statement-II is false.

d. Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true.

 𝑧−𝑧1 𝜋
30. Statement-I : If 𝑧1 = 9 + 5𝑖 and 𝑧2 = 3 + 5𝑖 and if arg 𝑧−𝑧2
= 4
then 𝑧 − 6 − 8𝑖 = 3 2

Because

𝑧−𝑧1 𝜋
Statement-II : If z lies on circle having 𝑧1 & 𝑧2 as diameter then arg 𝑧−𝑧2
= 4

b. A b. B c. C d. D

31. Statement-I : There are exactly two complex numbers which satisfy the complex equations 𝑧 − 4 − 5𝑖 = 4
π
and Arg z − 3 − 4i = 4
simultaneously.

Because

Statement-II : A line cuts the circle in atmost two point.

a. A b. B c. C d. D
𝜋
32. The set of points on an Argand diagram which satisfy both 𝑧 ≤ 4 & Arg z = 3 is :

a. a circle & a line b. a radius of a circle

c. a sector of a circle d. an infinite part line

33. The origin and the roots of the equation 𝑧 2 + 𝑝𝑧 + 𝑞 = 0 form an equilateral triangle if –

a. 𝑝2 = 2𝑞 b. 𝑝2 = 𝑞

c. 𝑝2 = 3𝑞 d. 𝑞 2 = 3𝑝

15
34. Let 𝑧 = cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃. Then the value of 𝑚 =1 𝐼𝑚 𝑧 2𝑚−1 𝑎𝑡 𝜃 = 2° is
1 1 1 1
a. sin 2°
b. 3 sin 2° c. 2 sin 2° d. 4 sin 2°

More than one

35. If the vertices of an equilateral triangle are situated at 𝑧 = 0, 𝑧 = 𝑧1 , 𝑧 = 𝑧2 , then which of the following is/are

true -

a. 𝑧1 = 𝑧2 b. 𝑧1 − 𝑧2 = 𝑧1

c. 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 = 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 d. arg 𝑧1 − arg 𝑧2 = 𝜋/3

𝛼−𝛽
36. If α, β be any two complex numbers such that 1−𝛼 𝛽
= 1, then which of the following may be true -

a. 𝛼 =1 b. 𝛽 =1

c. 𝛼 = 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 , 𝜃 ∈ 𝑅 d. 𝛽 = 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 , 𝜃 ∈ 𝑅
 3
37. The curve represented by 𝑧 = , 𝜃 ∈ 0, 2𝜋
2+cos 𝜃+𝑖 sin 𝜃

a. never meets the imaginary axis

b. meets the real axis in exactly two points

c. has maximum value of 𝑧 as 3

d. has minimum value of 𝑧 as 1

38. If amp z1 𝑧2 = 0 and 𝑧1 = 𝑧2 = 1, then :

a. 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 = 0 b. 𝑧1 𝑧2 = 1

c. 𝑧1 = 𝑧2 d. none of these

𝜋
39. If 𝑥𝑟 = 𝐶𝑖𝑆 2𝑟
for 1 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 𝑛 ; 𝑟, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 then –

𝑛 𝑛
a. lim𝑛→∞ 𝑅𝑒 𝑟=1 𝑥𝑟 = −1 b. lim𝑛→∞ 𝑅𝑒 𝑟=1 𝑥𝑟 =0
n n
c. lim𝑛→∞ Im r=1 xr =1 d. limn→∞ Im r=1 xr =0

40. Which of the following, locii of z on the complex plane represents a pair of straight lines?

a. 𝑅𝑒 𝑧 2 = 0 b. 𝐼𝑚 𝑧 2 = 0

c. 𝑧 +𝑧 =0 d. 𝑧−1 = 𝑧=𝑖

41. If 𝑔 𝑥 and ℎ 𝑥 are two polynomials such that the polynomial 𝑃 𝑥 = 𝑔 𝑥 3 + 𝑥ℎ 𝑥 3 is divisible by

𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1, then -

c. 𝑔 1 = ℎ 1 = 0 b. 𝑔 1 = ℎ 1 ≠ 0

c. 𝑔 1 = −ℎ 1 d. 𝑔 1 + ℎ 1 = 0

1 3
42. Value(s) of – 𝑖 is/are –

3−𝑖 3+𝑖
a. 2
b. 2

− 3−𝑖 − 3+𝑖
c. 2
d. 2

43. ABCD is a square, vertices being taken in the anticlockwise sense. If A represents the complex number z and

the intersection of the diagonals is the origin then

a. B represents the complex number iz b. D represents the complex number iz

c. B represents the complex number iz d. D represents the complex number −iz

44. On the argand plane, let 𝛼 = −2 + 3𝑧, 𝛽 = −2 − 3𝑧 & 𝑧 = 1. Then the correct statement is -

a. α moves on the circle, centre at −2, 0 and radius 3

b. α & β describe the same locus

c. α & β move on different circles

d. α – β moves on a circle concentric with 𝑧 = 1

MISC

45. Solve the following for z : 𝑧 2 − 3 − 2𝑖 𝑧 = 5𝑖 − 5

𝑧1 −2𝑧2
46. Let 𝑧1 and 𝑧2 be two complex numbers such that 2−𝑧1 𝑧 2
= 1 and 𝑧2 ≠ 1, find 𝑧1 .

47. If 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 are the roots of the equation 𝑎𝑧 2 + 𝑏𝑧 + 𝑐 = 0, with 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 > 0 ; 2𝑏 2 > 4𝑎𝑐 > 𝑏 2 ; 𝑧1 ∈ third

quadrant ; 𝑧2 ∈ second quadrant in the argand’s plane then, show that

1 2
𝑧1 𝑏2
arg = 2 cos−1
𝑧2 4𝑎𝑐

48. If w is an imaginary cube root of unity then prove that :

a. 1 − 𝑤 + 𝑤2 1 − 𝑤2 + 𝑤4 1 − 𝑤 4 + 𝑤 8 … … to 2𝑛 factors = 22𝑛 .

b. If w is a complex cube root of unity, find the value of 1 + 𝑤 1 + 𝑤2 1 + 𝑤4 1 + 𝑤 8 …. to 𝑛

factors.

𝑧+2𝑖
49. Interpret the following loci in z ∈ C. 𝑅𝑒 𝑖𝑧 +2
≤ 4 𝑧 ≠ 2𝑖

50. Let 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 be a complex number, where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are real numbers. Let A and B be the sets defined by

𝐴 = 𝑧 𝑧 ≤ 2} and 𝐵 = 𝑧 1 − 𝑖 𝑧 + 1 + 𝑖 𝑧 ≥ 4}. Find the area of the region 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵.

51. Let 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 , 𝑧3 , 𝑧4 be the vertices A, B, C, D respectively of a square on the Argand diagram taken in

anticlockwise direction then prove that :

i. 2𝑧2 = 1 + 𝑖 𝑧1 + 1 − 𝑖 𝑧3

ii. 2𝑧4 = 1 − 𝑖 𝑧1 + 1 + 𝑖 𝑧3

52. P is a point on the Argand plane. On the circle with OP as diameter two points Q & R are taken such that

∠POQ = ∠QOR = θ. If ‘O’ is the origin & P, Q & R are represented by the complex numbers 𝑍1 , 𝑍2 & 𝑍3

respectively, show that : 𝑍2 2 cos 2𝜃 = 𝑍1 . 𝑍3 cos 2 𝜃.

 53. Interpret the following locii in 𝑧 ∈ 𝐶. 1 < 𝑧 − 2𝑖 < 3

z−1−2i π
54. Find the radius and the centre of the circle which follows Arg 𝑧+3+𝑖
= 3.

55. Find the minimum value of 1 + 𝑧 + 1 − 𝑧 .

2
56. 𝑧 − 𝑧 = 1 then find the maximum and minimum value of 𝑧

57. If 𝑧1 = 6, 𝑧2 = 24 + 7𝑖 then find the maximum and minimum value of 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 and also find
the corresponding value of complex number.

58. 𝑧 − 4𝑖 + 𝑧 + 4𝑖 = 10, then find the locus of 𝑧

59. 𝑧 − 3 + 𝑖 − 𝑧 + 2 − 𝑖 = 1, then locus of 𝑧 is

𝜋
60. What is the locus of 𝑧, if amplitude of 𝑧 − 2 − 3𝑖 is 4
𝜋 2𝜋
61. Find the area bounded by the curve arg 𝑧 = 3 , arg 𝑧 = and arg 𝑧 − 2 − 2 3 𝑖 = 𝜋 on the
3

complex plane.
𝜋 𝜋
62. Find the point of intersection of arg 𝑧 − 𝑖 = − 2 and arg 𝑧 + 2 − 3𝑖 = 4

𝜋
63. If arg 𝑧 = 4 and 𝑧 + 3 − 𝑖 = 4, find 𝑧.

64. Sketch the region given by

i. arg 𝑧 − 1 − 𝑖 ≥ 𝜋/3 ii. arg 𝑧 − 𝑖 − 2 < 𝜋/4
iii. 𝑧 ≤ 5 & arg 𝑧 − 𝑖 − 1 ≥ 𝜋/3 iv. arg 𝑧 + 1 − 𝑖 ≤ 𝜋/6
𝑘𝜋 𝑘𝜋
65. For any integer 𝑘, let 𝛼𝑘 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 7
+ 𝑖 sin 7
, where 𝑖 = −1. The value of the expression
12
𝑘=1 𝛼 𝑘+1 −𝛼 𝑘
3 is
𝑘=1 𝛼 4𝑘−1 −𝛼 4𝑘−2

AnsKey

1. D 8. D
2. A 9. B
3. D 10. a
4. A
5. C 11. b
6. D
12. b
7. B
13. c 42. a,c

14. a 43. A,d

15. d 44. a, b, d

16. d 45. 𝑧 = 2 + 𝑖 or 1 − 3𝑖

17. D 46. 2

18. D 47. *

19. A 48. (b) one if n is even ; −𝑤 2 if n is odd

20. c 1
49. region outside or on the circle with centre + 2𝑖
2

21. d 1
and radius
2
22. c
50. 𝜋 − 2
23. d
51. *
24. c
52. *
25. a
53. The region between the concentric circles with
26. d
centre at (0, 2) & radii 1 & 3 units
27. d
2 1 3
54. −1 − +𝑖 +
28. d 3 2 2

29. A 55. __
56. 𝑟 ∈ 1, 2
30. C
57. __
31. D 4
58. Ellipse with 𝑒 =
5
32. B
59. Hyperbola
33. c
60. Locus of 𝑧 is a ray
34. D
61. 4 3
35. a, b, d 62. Since these rays does not intersect hence there is no
point of intersection.
36. a, b, c, d
63. Let 𝑧 = 𝜆 1 + 𝑖 , 𝜆 > 0
37. A,B,C,D
64. i. *
38. B.C ii. *
iii. *
39. A,D
iv. *
40. a, b
65. 4
41. a, c, d