Java : Core Concepts
Concepts and
Applications
Explore the fundamentals of Java programming and discover its
versatility across diverse applications. This presentation provides a
simplified guide to Java's core concepts, empowering you to grasp its
essence.
by Bhavani Nayak
Introduction to Java
1 Platform Independence 2 Object-Oriented
Programming
Java's "write once, run
anywhere" philosophy Java adheres to OOP
enables code to execute on principles, emphasizing data
any platform with a Java abstraction, encapsulation,
Virtual Machine (JVM). inheritance, and
polymorphism.
3 Robust and Secure 4 Extensive Ecosystem
Java's strong typing, memory A rich library of classes and
management, and security APIs, along with a thriving
features contribute to its community, provides vast
reliability and stability. support and resources for
developers.
Code Structure
import java.util.Scanner;
// 1. Class Declaration
public class HelloWorld {
// 2. Main Method (entry point)
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 3. Variable Declaration
String message = "Hello, World!";
// 4. Output Statement
System.out.println(message);
// 5. Method Call
greetUser();
}
// 6. Method Definition
public static void greetUser() {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java Programming!");
}
}
Java's History and Evolution
1 Origins
Java was initially developed at Sun Microsystems in 1991, originally named
"Oak."
2 Evolution
Over the years, Java has undergone significant upgrades, including the
introduction of generics, annotations, and lambda expressions.
3 Open Sourcing
In 2006, Java was open-sourced under the GNU General Public License
(GPL), promoting collaboration and community contributions.
4 Present Day
Java remains a widely used and popular programming language, with
continuous updates and innovations by Oracle.
Java's Architecture and Runtime Environment
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Bytecode Runtime Environment
The JVM acts as an intermediary Java source code is compiled into The Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
between the Java program and the bytecode, which is then interpreted provides the necessary libraries and
underlying operating system, by the JVM to execute on any components for running Java
enabling platform independence. platform. applications.
Fundamental Data Types and Variables
Variables
Data Type Description
byte 8-bit signed integer
short 16-bit signed integer
int 32-bit signed integer
long 64-bit signed integer
float 32-bit single-precision floating-point
number
double 64-bit double-precision floating-point
number
char 16-bit Unicode character
boolean Represents true or false values
Control Flow Statements
Conditional Statements (if-else)
Execute different blocks of code based on a condition,
allowing for branching logic.
Loops (for, while)
Repeat a block of code multiple times based on a
condition or counter, enabling iteration.
Switch-Case
Efficiently evaluate multiple possible values of an
expression and execute the corresponding code block.
Object-Oriented Programming in
in Java
Abstraction Encapsulation
Hides complex implementation Protects data by restricting
details and exposes only direct access, allowing
essential functionalities through controlled manipulation through
interfaces. methods.
Inheritance Polymorphism
Allows classes to inherit Enables objects of different
properties and methods from classes to respond to the same
parent classes, promoting code method call in different ways.
reuse.
Exception Handling
Try Block Catch Block Finally Block
Encloses code that might throw Handles specific types of exceptions, Executes regardless of whether an
exceptions. providing error recovery or handling. exception is thrown or caught, often
for cleanup tasks.
Java Collections Framework
List Set Map
Ordered collections allowing Unordered collections, disallowing Stores key-value pairs, allowing
duplicates, accessed by index. duplicates, used for membership efficient access by keys.
testing.
Java Standard Libraries and APIs
APIs
Java's extensive set of standard libraries and APIs provide a wide range
of functionalities for tasks like input/output operations, networking,
threading, and more.
