Commerce
PAPER-I
Unit I : Business Environment
Meaning and Elements of Business Environment; Economic Environment;
Economic Planning Competition Policy; Consumer Protection; Environment
Protection Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization; Industrial Policy;
Industrial Growth.
Unit II: Financial Accounting
Accounting and Financial Accounting, Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (GAAP); Accounting Standards; Accounting Equation and Financial
Transactions; Books of Accounts; Bank Reconciliation Statement (BRS); Trial Balance
& Errors;Financial Statements and their Analysis (Income Statement, Balance Sheet
and Cash Flow Statement); Annual Financial Reports of a Company; Consignment
and Joint Venture.
Unit III : Cost and Management Accounting
Cost ACcounting and Management Accounting; Cost Classification,
Analysis and Control; Statement of Costs; Methods of Costing (Job and Process
Costing); Marginal Costing, Break-even Analysis and C-V-P Analysis; Activity Based
Costing: Budgetary Control System and Variance Analysis; Responsibility
Accounting and Segment Performance Analysis; Human Resources Accounting.
Unit IV:Business Studies
Forms of Business;Channels of Distribution; Business Risks and Insurance;
Commercial Banks; Principles of Management, Scientific Management &
Management Functions; Recruitment &t Selection; Training & Development;
Marketing Mix; Financial Plarning; Fixed &Working Capital.
PAPER II
Unit I : Business Statistics
Data Sources &Tabulation and Analysis; Sampling, Need, Errors &Methods
of Sampling; Analysis & Interpretation of Data; Measures of Central Tendency;
Measures of Dispersion; Correlation & Regression; Hypothesis Testing; T-Test, F
Test, Z-Test & Chi-Square Test.
Unit II :Business Mathematics
Stock &Shares; Profit &Loss; Invoicing &Discounting of Bills of Exchange;
Logarithms; Annuities &Interest Rates; Simple & Compound Interest; Set Theory
and Functions; Matrices & Determinants; Differentiation & Integration; Permutation
and Combination.
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UnitIII : Business Management & Entrepreneurship
Planning - Objective, Strategies, Planning Process, Decision Making;
Organizing: Organizational Structure; Formal & Informal Organizations; Staffing
Motivation; Leadership; Communication;Controlling.
Types of Entrepreneurs; Ownership Structure; Selection of an Appropriate
Form of Ownership Structure; Factors affecting Entrepreneurial Growth;
Institutional Support to Entrepreneur; Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies;
Entrepreneurship Development Programmes; Venture Capital;
Unit Iv: Business Regulatory Framework & Financial Services
Indian Contract Act, 1872; Sales of Goods Act, 1930; Special Contract Act -
Indemnity & Guarantee, Bailment & Pledge, Contract of Agency; Partnership Act,
1932.
NABARD &
Importance of Banking in Business; Reserve Bank of India;
Rural Banking; E-banking; Development Banking; Financial System in India; Nature
Purchase; Credit
& Scope of Financial Services; Merchant Banking; Leasing & Hire
Rating; Credit & Debit Cards.
GeneralEnglish
The question paper in General English will be
designed to test the candidates
understanding of English and workmanlike use of words. The pattern of questions would be
as follows:
10 rmarks
Preciswriting of a passage of around 300 words
10 rmarks
2 Translation frorm Oriya to English
15 marks
Grarmmar, uses and Vocabulary
Short Essay within 400 words 15 marks
Total- 50 marks
to Higher Secondary
The standard of questions of General English may be equal
Level (+2 Level).
General Knowledge
events and
The paper in General Knowledge will include knowledge of current
as may be
matters as of everyday observation and experience in the scientific aspects of life
History of India
expected of an educated person. The paper will also include questions on
able to answer without
and Geography of such standard which the candidates should be
specialstudy. Total 50 marks.
Subject Paper- The examination in the concerned subject will
cover 400 marks consisting two papers i.e. PAPER-I &
PAPER-II having 200 marks each.
2
COMMERCE SYLLABUS
UNITI
ACCOUNTING:
Financial Accounting: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), Preparation of Final Accounts (Sole
trading concern and Partnership) with adjustments.
Corporate Accounting: Accounting for issue and redemption of shares and debentures; Preparation of Final
accounts (statement of Profit and Loss, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow statement); Amalgamation, Absorption
and Reconstruction; Analysis of Financial Statements
Cost and Management Accounting: Ascertainment of Cost; Methods of costing, Job costing, Process costing
(Except Equivalent production), contract costing; cost control techniques, Standard costing and analysis of
variance; Marginal Costing-, Cost-volume-profit analysis, Break-even analysis and decision making; Budgetary
Control.
UNIT II
BUSINESS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK:
Law of Contract: Essentials of a valid contract, Void agreements, Discharge of a contract, Contract of Indemnity
and Guarantee, Contract of Bailment.
Sale of Goods Act:Contract of Sale, Conditions and warranties, Transfer of ownership in goods including sale
bya non-owner, Performance of contract of sale, Unpaid seller- meaning, rights of an unpaid seller against the
goods and the buyer.
Partnership Act: Nature and characteristics of Partnership, Registration of partnership, Rights and duties of
partners, Types of partners, Limited liability of partnership (LLP) Act, 2008- Salient features of LLP, difference
between LLP and partnership, LLP and Company, LLP agreement, Incorporation document, Incorporation by
Registration.
Corporate Law (As per Companies Act 2013): Administration of Company Law, National Company Law Appellate
Tribunal, Types of companies, Formation of company and registration of a company, Documents of a company
Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, Prospectus, GDR; Transmission of shares, Buy back of
shares; Appointment of Directors, Their powers and duties, Removal of directors; Types of meeting,
Remuneration committee, Audit committee.
Depository Act 1996:- Depository process, De-mat, NSDL,SHCIL, Need for investor education.
UNIT II
STATISTICS AND QUANITATIVE TECHNIQUES STATISTICS_- Measures of Central Ten dency, Measures of
Dispersion, Skewness, Kurtosis, Correlation and Regression analysis, Theory of probability, Index number.
Quantitative Techniques: Linear Programming- Meaning and types of LP,Linear Programming Problems (LPP):
Network Analysis- Meaning, Network diagram, Techniques of network analysis, CPM, PERT; Inventory Control
techniques- Meaning, Inventory control models: ABC analysis, EOQ,.
UNIT IV
TAXATION &AUDITING:
Income Tax:- Concepts of Assessees, Assessment Year, Previous Year, Persons, Total Income and Agricultural
income; Residential status of Assessees; Exempted income; Income from Salary, Income from House Property,
Income from Business and Profession, Income from capital gain and In come from other sources;Computation of
Total Income of individualassessees and Deduction U/S 80 relating to individual assessees.
Goods & Services Tax (GST):- Constitutional framework of indirect tax before GST, Major defects in the
structures of Indirect tax prior to GST, GST Council, GST Network, State compensation mechanism, Registration;
Levy and collection of GST:- Taxable event- Supply of goods and services, Place of supply: within state,
interstate, Import and Export, Time of supply, Valuation for GST, Valuation rules, Taxability of re-imbursement of
expenses, Exemption from GST
Auditing:- Meaning, Objects and Types of Audit; Internal check and Internal control; Vouching of Cash
transactions, Trading transactions and Impersonal ledger: Verification and Valuation of Assets and Liabilities,
Audito's duty in respect of divisible profits and dividends.
UNIT V
MANAGEMENT:
Principles of Management:- Evolution of management thoughts, Management functions- Planning, Organizing,
Staffing, Directing, Motivation, Leadership, Communication and Controlling.
Human Resources Management:- Concept and Functions, Role, HR policies; Evolution of HRM; Emerging
challenges of HRM;Work-Force Diversity, Empowerment, Downsizing; VRS, HR Information System; Acquisition;
Training &Development and PerformanceAppraisal.
Marketing Management:- Evolution of Marketing Concept; Marketing mix: Product- Product Classification,
product- mix, Branding, Packaging, Labeling; Product Life Cycle; Pricing- Pricing Policies and Strategies; Place
Channels Of Distribution, physical Distribution System; Online-Marketing. Promotion: Advertising and Publicity,
PersonalSelling, Public Relations, and Sales Promotion.
FinancialManagement:- Time value of money; Cost of Capital, Capital Structure, and Capital Budgeting.
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION
NET BUREAU
NET SYLLABUS
Code No. :08
Subject: Commerce
Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business
Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing
Unit 3: Business Economics
Unit 4: Business Finance
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management
Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions
Unit 8: Marketing Management
Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business
Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning
Unit 1: Business Environment and InternationalBusiness
Concepts and elements of business environment: Economic environment- Economic
systems, Economic policies(Monetary and fiscal policies); Political environment
Role of government in business; Legal environment- Consumer Protection Act,
FEMA; Socio-cultural factors and their influence on business; Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR)
Scope and importance of international business; Globalization and its drivers; Modes
of entry into international business
Theories of international trade; Government intervention in international trade; Tariff
and non-tariff barriers; India's foreign trade policy
1
Foreiga diret investment (FDI) and Foreign portfolio investment (FPI); Types of
FDL Costs and benefits of FDI to home and host countries; Trends in FDI, India's
FDI poicy
Balance of paynents (BOP): Importance and components of BOP
Regional Economic Integration: Levels of Regional Economic Integration; Trade
cTeanon and diversion effects: Regional Trade Agreements: Europcan Union (EU),
ASEAN, SAARC, NAFTA
International Economic institutions: IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD
World Trade Organisation (WTO): Functions and objectives of WTO; Agriculture
Agreement; GATS: TRIPS; TRIMS
Cnit 2: Accounting and Auditing
Basicaccounting principles; concepts and postulates
Partnership Accounts: Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Insolvency of
partmership firms
Corporate Accounting: Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; Liquidation of
companies; Acquisition, merger, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies
Holding company accounts
Cost and Management Accounting: Marginal costing and Break-even analysis;
Standard costing: Budgetary control; Process costing; Activity Based Costing (ABC);
Costing for decision-making; Life cycle costing, Target costing, Kaizen costing and
JIT
Financial Statements Analysis: Ratio analysis; Funds flow Analysis; Cash flow
analysis
Human Resources Accounting; Inflation Accounting; Environmental Accounting
Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS
Auditing: Independent financial audit; Vouching; Verification ad valuation of assets
and liabilities; Audit of financial statements and audit report; Cost audit
Recent Trends in Auditing: Management audit; Energy audit; Environment audit;
Systerns audit; Safety audit
Unit 3: Business Economics
Meaning and scope of business economics
Objectives of business firms
Demand analysis: Law of demand; Elasticity of demand and its measurement;
Relationship between AR and MR
Consumer behavior: Utility analysis; Indifference curve analysis
Law of Variable Proportions: Law of Returns to Scale
Theory of cost: Short-run and long-run cost curves
Price deternination under different market forms: Perfect competition, Monopolistic
competition, Oligopoly- Price leadership model; Monopoly; Price discrimination
Pricing stralegies: Price skimming:; Price penetration, Peak load pricing
Unlt 4: Business Finance
Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing
Cost of capital and time value of money
" Capital structure
Capital budgeting decisions: Conventional and scientific techniques of capital
budgeting analysis
Working capital management; Dividend decision: Theories and policies
Risk and return analysis; Asset securitization
International monetary system
Foreign exchange market; Exchange rate risk and hedging techniques
International financial markets and instruments: Euro currency; GDRs; ADRs
International arbitrage; Multinational capital budgeting
Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods
Measures of central tendency
Measures of dispersion
Measures of skewness
Correlation and regression of two variables
Probability: Approaches to probability; Bayes' theorem
Probability distributions: Binomial, poisson and normal distributions
Research: Concept and types; Research designs
Data: Collection and classification of data
Sampling and estimation: Concepts; Methods of sampling - probability and non
probability methods; Sampling distribution; Central limit theorem; Standard eror;
Statistical estimation
Hypothesis testing: z-test; t-test; ANOVA; Chi-square test; Mann-Whitney test (U
test); Kruskal-Wallis test (H-test); Rank correlation test
Report writing
Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management
Principles and functions of management
3
organizations; Span of control
Organization structure: Formal and informal
and decentralization
Responsibility and authority: Delegation of authority
Motivation and leadership: Concept and theories
Corporate governance and business ethics Human resource
Concept, role and functions of HRM;
Human resource management: Succession planning
and development;
planning; Recruitment and selection; Training and fringe benefits
Incentives
Compensation management: Job evaluation;
performance appraisal
Performance appraisal including 360 degree
management
Collective bargaining and workers' participation in dynamics; Power and politics;
Group
Personality: Perception; Attitudes; Emotions;
Conflict and negotiation; Stress management
development and organizational change
Organizational Culture: Organizational
Institutions
Unit 7: Banking and Financial
Overview of Indian financial system
banks;
Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Foreign
Types of banks: Commercial banks;
Cooperative banks
policy management
Reserve Bank of India: Functions;Role and monetary NPA management
Risk management;
Banking sector reforms in India: Basel norms; securities market
market; Government
Financial markets:Money market; Capital (DFIs); Non-Banking
Institutions
Financial Institutions: Development Finance
Pension Funds
Financial Companies (NBFCs);Mutual Funds;
Financial Regulators in India
inclusion
Financial sector reforms including financial Internet banking: mobile
services:
Digitisation of banking and other financial
banking; Digital payments systems
insurance: Risk classification and
Insurance: Types of insurance- Life and Non-life Regulatory
Re-insurance;
management; Factors limiting the insurability of risk;
framework of insurance- IRDA and its role
Unit 8: Marketing Management
Marketing mix; Strategic
Marketing: Concept and approaches; Marketing channels;
marketing planning; Market segmentation, targeting and positioning
Product life cycle;
Product decisions: Concept; Product line; Product mix decisions;
New product development
policies and
Pricing decisions: Factors affecting price determination; Pricing
strategies
Promotion decisions: Role of promotion in marketing: Promotion methods
Advertising: Personal sclling: Publicity: Sales promotion tools and techniques;
Promotion mix
Distribution decisions: Channels of distribution; Channcl managcment
Consumer Bchaviour; Consumer buying process; factors influcncing consumer
buying decisions
Service marketing
Trends in marketing: Social marketing; Online marketing; Green marketing; Dircct
marketing. Rural marketing; CRM
Logistics management
Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business
Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract:; Capacity of parties; Free
against breach;
consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies
Quasi contracts;
contracts of bailment and
Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee:
pledge; Contracts of agency
Emptor;
Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat
Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer
Negotiation and
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments;
assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments
Company formation;
The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies;
Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company
LLP in India
Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of
The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions
The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber
crimes and penalties
The RTIAct, 2005: Objectives and main provisions
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRS) :Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging
issues in intellectual property
GST;
Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of
Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST
Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning
Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes:
Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions
from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes
International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer
pricing
5 L
of corporate tax planning:
Tax
Concepts and significance
Corporate Tax Planning: Techniques of corporate tax
planning; Tax
avoidance versus tax evasion: Own or lease an
specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; operations
considerations in continue
replacement of asset; Shut down or
asset; Retain; Renewal or tax; E-filing of
collection of tax at source: Advance payment of
Deduction and
income-tax returns
