Data Types and Variables
By Dhananjay Masal– CODEMIND Technology
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Data Types
● Why need data type in C#?
○ Used to store the data temporarily.
- Size of the memory location.
- Range of data that can be stored inside memory location
- legal operations that can be performed on that memory location
- What types of result come out from an expression when types
are used inside that expression. 2
C# Data Types
We have three types of Data types:
1. Value data type (Primitive)
2. Pointer data type
3. Reference data type (Non-Primitive)
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1. Value data type
● Stores value directly
● Derived from class System.ValueType
Types of Value data type:
1. Pre-defined - e.g. int, boolean, float etc.
2. User defined - e.g. structure, Enum
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2. Reference Data Type
● Used to store reference of variable
Types of Value data type:
1. Pre-defined - e.g. Object, string, dynamic.
2. User defined - e.g. classes, interface
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Built-in Data Types in C#
1. Boolean types - true/false.
2. Integral Types - sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, char
3. Floating Types - float, double
4. Decimal
5. String
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Why String type immutable:
● Strings are immutable, which means we are creating new memory every time instead of
working on existing memory. [System.String]
● Using same memory location & keep an appending/modifying the stuff to one instance [eg
String Builder]
● Why string immutable - for thread safety.
Questions:
1. Immutable vs Mutable?
2. Why string is immutable?
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Static & non-static members
1. Static members: does not require an instance for initialization or
execution are know as static members.
2. Non-Static members: the member which require an instance of class
for both initialization & execution are know as non-static members.
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Static & non-static members eg
Int p =100; // non-static variables
Static int q =50; // static variables
Static void Main(){
int r = 100; // static variables
}
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Static & non-static methods:
- If we declare method using the static modifier then it is
called static method else it is non-static.
- Cannot consume non-static members directly within
static
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Rules while working with static & non-static:
1. Non-static to static: Can be consumed only by using object of
class.
2. Static to static: Consumed directly or by using class name
3. Static to non-static: Consumed directly or by using class name.
4. Non-static to non-static: Consumed directly or by using “this”
keywords
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Static Class in C#
● Class which created by using static modifiers
● Only Static members in it.
● Static class cannot be instantiated, cannot use new
operator to create variable of class.
● Is Sealed by default
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Stack vs Heap
Stack :
1. It is an array of memory.
2. It is LIFO data structure.
3. Value of variable storing in stack.
4. Value type - int, long,double, bool etc
5. Static memory allocations
6. Memory deallocate when scope ends.
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Stack vs Heap
Heap:
1. It is an array of memory where chunks are allocated to store certain kinds of
data object.
2. Reference type store on heap..
3. Reference type - string, class, object etc
4. Dynamic memory allocations.
5. Heap clear when GC.Collects()/Garabage collector handle it.
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Heap Eg.
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Data type conversion
1. Implicit conversion: - It is done by compiler when
a. When there is no loss of information if conversion done.
b. If there is no possibility of throwing exceptions during the
conversion
Eg. Converting int to float
Int a =10;
Float b = a; //10.0
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Data type conversion
1. Explicit conversion: - It is done by manually when
a. If there is possibility of throwing overflow exceptions during the
conversion
b. Using cast() operator
Eg. Converting float to int
Float a =10.5;
Int b = (int)a;
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Methods
A method is a group of statements that together perform a task.
<Access Specifier> <Return Type> <Method Name>(Parameter List) {
Method Body
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Methods
1. Access Specifier − This determines the visibility of a variable or a method from another class.
2. Return type − A method may return a value. The return type is the data type of the value the
method returns. If the method is not returning any values, then the return type is void.
3. Method name − Method name is a unique identifier and it is case sensitive. It cannot be same as
any other identifier declared in the class.
4. Parameter list − Enclosed between parentheses, the parameters are used to pass and receive data
from a method. The parameter list refers to the type, order, and number of the parameters of a
method. Parameters are optional; that is, a method may contain no parameters.
5. Method body − This contains the set of instructions needed to complete the required activity.
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