A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
Circular Motion
1. Uniform Circular Motion
2. Non-uniform Circular Motion
by
A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
What is the radian?
Angular Position: θ [rad]
Angular Displacement: ∆θ = θ f − θ0 [rad]
∆θ
Angular Velocity: ω = [rad/s]
∆t
relationship between the angle θ and the arc length s ∆s = r∆θ
relationship between the angular velocity ω and linear speed υ υ = rω
A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
1. A gymnast on a high bar swings through two revolutions in a time of 1.90 s, as the figure suggests. Find
the average angular velocity (in rad/s) of the gymnast.
2. A centrifuge is spinning at 5400 rpm. Find the angular velocity (in rad/s), period (in s), and frequency (in
Hz) of the motion.
3. Kevin is riding his motorcycle at a speed of 13.0 m/s. If the diameter of the rear tire is 65.0 cm, what is the
angular speed of the rear wheel? Assume that it rolls without slipping.
4. A cylindrical steel drum is tipped over and rolled along the floor of a warehouse. If the drum has a radius of
0.40 m and makes one complete turn every 8.0 s, how long does it take to roll the drum 36 m?
𝜋𝜋
1. A model car moves in a circular path of radius 0.80 m at an angular speed of rad s–1.
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What is its displacement from point P 6.0 s after passing P?
A. zero
B. 0.4π m
C. 1.6 m
D. 1.6π m
2. A fairground roundabout makes 8 revolutions in 1 minute. The angular velocity of the roundabout is
A. 0.10 rad s–1
B. 0.42 rad s–1
C. 0.84 rad s–1
D. 0.94 rad s–1
A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
1.1 Uniform Circular Motion
the motion of an object moving at a constant speed on a circular path
*Although the speed is constant, the velocity is not constant because of changing direction.
Period T:
Frequency f:
Speed:
Centripetal Force Centripetal Acceleration
A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
Review Questions
Questions 1 - 4. A ball of mass 2 kilograms attached 6. A car travels forward with constant velocity. It goes
to a string is whirled around in a horizontal circle over a small stone, which gets stuck in the groove of a
having a radius of 2 meters. It makes four revolutions tire. The initial acceleration of the stone, as it leaves
the surface of the road, is
in 2 seconds.
(A) vertically upward
1. The period and the frequency of the ball are (B) horizontally forward
(C) horizontally backward
Period Frequency
(D) upward and forward, at approximately45° to the
(A) 0.5 s 0.5 Hz horizontal
(B) 0.5 s 1 Hz
(C) 0.5 s 2 Hz
(D) 2 s 0.5 Hz
2. The speed of the ball is
(A) π / 4 m s−1
(B) π/ 2 m s−1 7. A racing car is moving around the circular track of
(C) 2π m s−1 radius 300 m shown above. At the instant when the
(D) 8π m s−1 car's velocity is directed due east, its acceleration is
directed due south and has a magnitude of 3 m s−2.
When viewed from above, the car is moving
3. The centripetal acceleration of the ball is (A) clockwise at 30 m s−1
(B) clockwise at 10 m s−1
(A) π2 / 32 m s−2 (C) counterclockwise at 30 m s−1
(B) π2 / 8 m s−2 (D) counterclockwise at 10 m s−1
(C) 2π2 m s−2
(D) 32π2 m s−2
4. The centripetal force of the ball is
8. A racing car of mass 1200 kg travels at 0.63 rad s–
(A) π / 16 N
2 1 around a bend of radius 50 m. The force on the car
(B) π2 / 4 N necessary for this motion is
(C) 4π2 N
(D) 64π2 N A. 2.4 × 104 N away from the centre of the circle.
B. 2.4 × 104 N towards the centre of the circle.
C. 3.8 × 104 N away from the centre of the circle.
D. 3.8 × 104 N towards the centre of the circle.
5. The wheel of the London Eye has a diameter of 130
m and rotates at a steady speed, completing one
rotation every 30 minutes. What is the centripetal
acceleration of a person in a capsule at the rim of the
wheel?
A. 1.2 × 10–4 m s–2
B. 2.5 × 10–4 m s–2
C. 3.9 × 10–4 m s–2
D. 7.9 × 10–4 m s–2
A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
Review Questions
9. One end of a string is fixed. An object attached
to the other end moves on a horizontal plane with
uniform circular motion of radius R and frequency
f. The tension in the string is FS. If both the radius
and frequency are doubled, the tension is
1 10. A compressed spring mounted on a disk can
(A) FS project a small ball. When the disk is not rotating,
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as shown in the top view above, the ball moves
1 radially outward. the disk then rotates in a
(B) FS
2 counterclockwise direction as seen from above,
disk is in the position shown above. Which of the
(C) 4FS following best shows the subsequent path of the
(D) 8FS ball relative to the ground?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
* Unbaked Curve
* Banked Curve
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
Review Questions
Questions 11-12 13. A small car with mass m and speed 2v and a
large car with mass 2m and speed v both travel the
same circular section of an unbanked road. If the
frictional force required to keep the small car on
the road without skidding is F, then the frictional
force required to keep the large car on the road
without skidding is
On a level horizontal table, a toy race car of mass (A) 4F
M moves with constant speed υ around a flat (B) 2F
circular racetrack of radius R. (C) F
(D) F/2
11. Which of the following best represents the
minimum coefficient of static friction required for
the race car to continue to follow the circular path
shown?
Rg
(A)
υ2
Mυ 2
(B)
R
υ2
(C)
g
υ2
(D)
gR
12. The car is now going around a banked curve, as
shown in the figure above. The banked curve is
higher toward the outside of the circular turn. The
car can now travel at a higher speed without sliding
because the banked curve
(A) increases the coefficient of friction between the
car and the truck.
(B) increases the momentum of the car.
(C) allows a component of the normal force to point
toward the center of the track.
(D) allows a component of the weight of the car to
point toward the center of the track.
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
* Satellite: Circular Orbit
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
Review Questions
3. A satellite moves in a stable circular orbit with
speed υ0 at a distance R from the center of a
planet. For this satellite to move in a stable
circular orbit a distance 2R from the center of the
planet, the speed of the satellite must be
υ0
(A)
1. Two identical stars, a fixed distance D apart, 2
revolve in a circle about their mutual center of υ
(B) 0
mass, as shown above. Each star has mass M and 2
speed υ. G is the universal gravitational constant. (C) υ 0
Which of the following is a correct relationship (D) 2υ 0
among these quantities?
GM
(A) υ 2 =
D
GM 4. A student is asked to determine the mass of
(B) υ =
2
2D Jupiter. Knowing which of the following about
GM Jupiter and one of its moons will allow the
(C) υ = 2
2
D determination to be made?
(D) υ = GMD
2
I. The time it takes for Jupiter to orbit the Sun
II. The time it takes for the moon to orbit Jupiter
III. The average distance between the moon and
Jupiter
(A) I and II
(B) I and III
(C) II and III
(D) I, II and III
5. Satellite X moves around Earth in a circular
2. Two artificial satellites, 1 and 2, orbit the Earth orbit of radius R. Satellite Y is also in a circular
in circular orbits having radii R1 and R2, orbit around Earth, and it completes one orbit for
respectively, as shown above. If R2 = 2R1, the every eight orbits completed by satellite X. What is
accelerations a2 and a1 of the two satellites are the orbital radius of satellite Y?
related by which of the following?
(A) R / 2
(A) a2 = 4 a1 (B) 2R
(B) a2 = 2 a1 (C) 4R
1 (D) 8R
(C) a2 = a1
2
1
(D) a2 = a1
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
Homework
1. A particle moving in a circular path completes 8.0
revolutions in 5.0 s.
Its angular velocity in rad s−1 is
A. 1.6
B. 10
C. 40
D. 250 view from above
5. The horizontal turntable shown above rotates at a
constant rate. As viewed from above, a coin on the
turntable moves counterclockwise in a circle as
2. The drum of a washing machine rotates with an shown. Which of the following vectors best
angular velocity of 8.5 rad s–1. represents the direction of the frictional force exerted
The time to complete 10 revolutions is on the coin by the turntable when the coin is in the
position shown?
A. 0.85 s
B. 1.3 s
C. 3.7 s (A) (B)
D. 7.4 s
(C) (D)
3. In which of the following situations would an
object be accelerated?
I. It moves in a straight line at constant speed.
II. It moves with uniform circular motion.
III. It travels as a projectile in a gravitational field
with negligible air resistance.
(A) I and II
(B) I and III
(C) II and III
(D) I, II, and III 6. A steel ball supported by a stick rotates in a circle
of radius r, as shown above. The direction of the net
force acting on the ball when it is in the position
shown is indicated by which of the following?
4. A child has a toy tied to the end of a string and
whirls the toy at constant speed in a horizontal
circular path of radius R. The toy completes each (A) (B)
revolution of its motion in a time period T. What is
the magnitude of the acceleration of the toy?
(C) (D)
4π R 2
(A) Zero (B)
T2
πR
(C) (D) g
T2
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
7. An object attached to one end of a string moves in 10. A small mass is placed at P on a horizontal disc
a circle at constant speed. Which of the following which has its centre at O. The disc rotates anti-
is correct? clockwise about a vertical axis through O with
constant angular speed.
(A) The object is accelerating as it moves.
(B) The object’s velocity is the same as its speed.
(C) The object does not require a force to keep its
state of circular motion.
(D) If the string breaks, the object will move radially
away from the center of the circle.
Which one of the following describes the force which
keeps the mass at rest relative to the disc when in the
position shown?
8. A student is sitting on the right-hand side in a bus, A. the weight of the mass
facing the direction of travel. The bus goes round a B. a frictional force from P to Q
bend to the left. The student remains in the same C. a frictional force directed away from O
position within the bus. D. a frictional force directed towards O
The student experiences
A. a force to the left and a force to the right.
B. a resultant force to the left.
C. a resultant force to the right.
D. no resultant force.
9. A particle, mass 0.020 kg, is moving with an angular 11. A bus is initially traveling north at a constant
velocity of 3π rad s–1 around a circle of radius 0.50 m. speed, as shown in the figure above. As the bus starts
The force, in N, responsible for this motion is to make a left turn without changing speed, a
passenger notices that a box on the floor starts sliding
A. 0.03π towards the centre of the circle. toward the right side of the bus. Which of the
B. 0.03π away the centre of the circle. following top views of the box, when correctly
C. 0.09π2 towards the centre of the circle. labeled, would best represent all of the horizontal
forces exerted on the box as it starts sliding?
D. 0.09π2 away from the centre of the circle.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
12. The photograph shows cars driving around a 14. What is the magnitude of the net force on the
roundabout at a constant speed. ball?
(A) mυ 2/r (B) mg (C) T2 (D) T2 + mυ 2r
15. What is the tension T1 in the upper string?
(A) mgcosθ (B) mgsinθ
(C) mg/cosθ (D) mg/sinθ
The resultant force F on a car causes it to follow a
circular path.
16. A string passes through a smooth thin tube. Masses
Which of the following statements about F is
m and M are attached to the ends of the string. The
incorrect?
tube is moved so that the mass m travels in a horizontal
circle of constant radius r and at constant speed v.
A. F is equal to the product of the mass and angular
velocity of the car.
B. F is equal to the product of the momentum and
angular velocity of the car.
C. F is in the same direction as the acceleration of the
car.
D. F is perpendicular to the momentum of the car.
13. A small body of mass m rests on a horizontal
turntable at a distance r from the centre. If the Which of the following expressions is equal to M?
maximum frictional force between the body and the
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
turntable is , what is the angular speed at which the 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 𝑔𝑔
2 A. B. mv2rg C. D.
body starts to slip? 2𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔 1 𝑔𝑔
A. � B. C. � D. � 𝑟𝑟
2 𝑟𝑟 2𝑟𝑟 2
17. A ball attached to a string is whirled around in a
horizontal circle having a radius R. If the radius of
the circle is changed to 4R and the same centripetal
force is applied by the string, the new speed of the
ball is which of the following?
Questions 14-15
(A) One-quarter the original speed
(B) One-half the original speed
(C) Twice the original speed
(D) Four times the original speed
18. A car with speed υ and an identical car with
speed 2υ both travel the same circular section of an
A ball of mass m is attached to a vertical rod by two unbanked road. If the frictional force required to
massless strings. The rod is rotated about its axis so keep the faster car on the road without skidding is F,
then the frictional force required to keep the slower
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that both strings are taut, with tensions T1 and T2,
respectively. The strings and rod form the right car on the road without skidding is
triangle shown in the figure above. The ball rotates in
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a horizontal circle of radius r with speed υ. (A) 4F (B) 2F (C) F/2 (D) F/4
A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
19. Two satellites are in circular orbits around Earth.
Satellite A has speed vA. Satellite B has an orbital
radius nine times that of satellite A. What is the speed
of satellite B?
(A) vA /9 (B) vA /3 (C) 3vA (D) 9vA
20. A spacecraft is placed in a circular orbit around a
planet with mass 6.4 × 1023 kg. The spacecraft orbits
at a height of 4.5 × 107 m above the planet’s surface.
What additional information is needed to calculated
the speed of the spacecraft in the orbit?
(A) No additional information
(B) The planet’s radius only
(C) The spacecraft’s mass only
(D) Both the planet’s radius and the spacecraft’s mass
21. A satellite X is in a circular orbit of radius r about the centre of a spherical planet of mass M.
Which line, A to D, in the table gives correct expressions for the centripetal acceleration a and the speed v of the
satellite?
Centripetal acceleration a Speed v
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
A. �
2𝑟𝑟 2𝑟𝑟
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
B. �
2𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
C. �
𝑟𝑟 2 2𝑟𝑟
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
D. �
𝑟𝑟 2 𝑟𝑟
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
1.2 Nonuniform Circular Motion
Bottom: Top:
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
Review Questions
3. A 100 kg cart goes around the inside of a vertical
loop of a roller coaster. The radius of the loop is 3
m and the cart moves at a speed of 6 m s−1 at the
top. The force exerted by the track on the cart at
the top of the loop is
(A) 200 N
1. A rock attached to a string swings in a vertical
(B) 800 N
circle, as shown above, with negligible air
(C) 1000 N
resistance. Which of the following diagrams could
(D) 1200 N
correctly show all the forces on the rock when the
string is in the position above?
(A)
(B) 4. An object weighing 4 newtons swings on the end
of a string as a simple pendulum. At the bottom
of the swing, the tension in the string is 6
newtons. What is the magnitude of the centripetal
acceleration of the object at the bottom of the
(C)
swing?
(A) 0
(B) g/2
(D) (C) g
(D) 3g/2
5. A body of mass 0.50 kg, fixed to one end of a string,
is rotated in a vertical circle of radius 1.5 m at an
angular speed of 5.0 rad s–1. What is the maximum
2. The toy car shown in the figure below enters the
tension in the string?
vertical circular loop with an initial velocity and
moves completely around the loop without
A. 5.0 N
friction. If the car has no means of self-
B. 9.0 N
propulsion, which of the following is true of the
C. 14 N
car’s acceleration at the instant it is at point P?
D. 24 N
(A) It is vertically upward.
(B) It is directly toward the center of the circle.
(C) It has components both downward and toward
the center of the circle.
(D) It has components both downward and away
from the center of the circle.
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
Homework
4. A pendulum consists of a bob of mass m and a string
of length x.
The diagram shows the pendulum swinging through
the arc of a circle. At the bottom of its swing the
tension in the string is T and the velocity of the bob is
v.
1. A ball attached to a light string swings in a
counterclockwise vertical circle, as shown above.
Which of the following arrows represent one of the
forces exerted on the ball at the moment it passes
through point P? Select two answers.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Which of the following is correct for the bob at the
bottom of the swing?
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
A. 𝑇𝑇 = − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Questions 2-3 𝑥𝑥
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
B. 𝑇𝑇 = + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑥
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
C. 𝑇𝑇 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 −
𝑥𝑥
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
D. 𝑇𝑇 =
𝑥𝑥
A block released from rest a position A slides with 5. A 0.20 kg mass is whirled round in a vertical circle
negligible friction down an inclined track, around a on the end of a light string of length 0.90 m.
vertical loop, and then along a horizontal portion of
the track, as shown above. The block never leaves
the track.
2. After the block is released, in which of the
following sequences of positions is the speed of the
block ordered from fastest to slowest?
At the top point of the circle the speed of the mass is
(A) B C D E
8.2 m s–1. What is the tension in the string at this point?
(B) B E C D
(C) D C E B
A. 10 N
(D) E B C D
B. 13 N
C. 17 N
D. 20 N
3. Which of the following is true of the net force on
the block when it is at position C?
(A) It is directed vertically downward only.
(B) It is directed to the left only.
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(C) It is directed to the right only.
(D) It has components both to the left and vertically
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downward.
A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
6. A small block slides without friction along a track
toward a circular loop. The block has more than
enough speed to remain firmly in contact with the
track as it goes around the loop. The magnitude of
the block’s acceleration at the top of the loop is
(A) zero 8. An amusement park ride consists of a large vertical
(B) greater than zero but less than g wheel of radius R that rotates counterclockwise on a
(C) equal to g horizontal axis through its center, as shown above.
(D) greater than g The cars on the wheel move at a constant speed v.
Points A and D represent the position of a car at the
highest and lowest point of the ride, respectively. A
person of weight Fg sits upright on a seat in one of the
cars. As the seat passes point A, the seat exerts a
7. A car, mass m, drives over a circular hump-back normal force with magnitude 0.8Fg on the person.
bridge of radius r with a constant speed v. What is the normal force exerted on the rider when
passing point D?
(A) 0.2Fg
(B) 0.8Fg
(C) 1.0Fg
(D) 2.8Fg
When it is at the top of the bridge, the force on the car
from the bridge is given by
A. mg
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
B. + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑟𝑟
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
C. − 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑟𝑟
𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
D. 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 −
𝑟𝑟
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A Level Physics Circular Motion Date:
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