NOIDA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY GREATER NOIDA

(NAAC ACCREDIATED)

Approved by AICTE and Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul

Kalam

Technical University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow

Course File
MBA DEPARTMENT
Spreadsheet Modeling(BMBA0351)

Name: Aradhya Kumari Submitted to :Ms.Priya mam

Roll No: 2301330700049
Sec: b
Semester: 3rd
INDEX
S.N EXPERIMENT Page No

1 Introduction of spreadsheet,history,difference between excel and

spreadsheet, excel shortcut key

2 Create a Worksheet to implement following Data Entry and

Formatting.

3 Create a Worksheet to implement following Excel Tables.

4 Create a Worksheet to implement following Worksheet

Management.

5 Create a Worksheet to implement following Autofill, Custom Lists,

and Flash Fill.

6 Create a Worksheet to implement following Getting Data from

External Sources.

7 Create a Worksheet to implement following freeze panes.

8 Create a Worksheet to implement following grouping of

worksheet.
9 Create a Worksheet to implement following protect sheet &
protect worksheet.

10 Create a Worksheet to implement following data Analysis.

11 Create a Worksheet to implement following Conditional

Formatting.

12 Create a Worksheet to implement following Logical formulas.

13 Create a Worksheet to implement following Statistical formulas.

14 Create a Worksheet to implement following Date &time formulas.

15 Create a Worksheet to implement following Lookup formulas.

16 Create a Worksheet to implement following Hlookup formulas.

17 Create a Worksheet to implement following Text formulas.

S.N EXPERIMENT PAGE.No

18 Create a Worksheet to implement following Lookup formulas

using if Function.

19 Create a Worksheet to implement following Lookup formulas

using Sum Function..

20 Create a Worksheet to implement following Math formulas.

21 Create a Worksheet to implement following Lookup formulas

using Row & Column function

22 Create a Worksheet to implement following Data Validation

function.

23 Create a Worksheet to implement following Data Validation using

List function.

24 Create a Worksheet to implement following Data Validation using

Conditional formatting

25 Create a Worksheet to implement following Sorting and Filtering.

26 Create a Worksheet to implement following Macro Function.

27 Create a Worksheet to implement following Pivot Table.

28 Create Pivot Table by using Data given below add prepare Pivot
Chart?

29 Create Pivot Table by using Data given below add prepare

Grouping by date?

30 Create a MS-Excel worksheet and find data by using INDEX?

31 Create a MS-Excel worksheet and find data by using CHOOSE?

 Introduction of spreadsheet
A spreadsheet is a digital tool for organizing, analyzing, and storing data in a grid of
rows and columns. It is used for various purposes, such as financial modeling, data
analysis, inventory management, and more. Each cell in a spreadsheet can hold data,
such as numbers, text, or formulas that perform calculations or data manipulation.
Modern spreadsheet software includes Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, and Apple
Numbers.

Brief History of Spreadsheets

1. 1960s-1970s: Precursor Tools

Before spreadsheets, data processing relied on manual or batch-oriented software like
punch cards and programming languages. Tools like LANPAR (Language for
Programming Arrays at Random) were among the earliest spreadsheet-like software,
mainly used in corporate budgeting.
2. 1979: Birth of the Modern Spreadsheet (VisiCalc)
o VisiCalc, short for "Visible Calculator," was created by Dan Bricklin and
Bob Frankston in 1979.
o It became the first widely-used spreadsheet application for personal
computers, particularly the Apple II, revolutionizing business accounting
and analysis.
3. 1983: Lotus 1-2-3
o Lotus 1-2-3 emerged as a powerful tool, adding charting, database
functionality, and enhanced speed.
o It dominated the market during the 1980s and was a critical driver of IBM
PC sales.
4. 1985: Microsoft Excel
o Microsoft introduced Excel for Macintosh in 1985 and for Windows in
1987.
o It became the industry standard due to its user-friendly interface,
advanced functions, and adaptability to Windows’ graphical environment.
5. 1990s-2000s: Web and Collaboration
o Software like Google Sheets brought spreadsheet capabilities to the
cloud, enabling real-time collaboration.
o Open-source alternatives like LibreOffice Calc gained popularity for cost-
effectiveness.
6. Present Day: Advanced Tools
o Modern spreadsheets integrate machine learning, AI, and advanced
analytics tools, broadening their applications to areas like big data,
automation, and visualization.
 Difference Between Spreadsheet and Excel

1. Definition:
A spreadsheet is a general term for software that organizes data in rows and columns,
allowing calculations and analysis. Excel is a specific spreadsheet software developed
by Microsoft.
2. Examples:
Examples of spreadsheets include Google Sheets, Apple Numbers, and LibreOffice
Calc, while Excel is exclusive to Microsoft's product suite.
3. Platform:
Spreadsheets can be cloud-based or desktop-based, depending on the software. Excel is
primarily desktop-based but also has a cloud version, Excel Online.
4. Cost:
Spreadsheets like Google Sheets are often free, while Excel requires a paid license or
subscription.
5. Features:
Excel offers advanced tools like macros, VBA, and Power Pivot, whereas other
spreadsheets may have limited features or focus more on collaboration.
6. File Formats:
Generic spreadsheets support various formats, including CSV and ODS. Excel uses its
proprietary format, XLSX, but also supports other common formats.
7. Integration:
Spreadsheets like Google Sheets integrate with Google Workspace, while Excel
integrates seamlessly with the Microsoft Office ecosystem.
8. Collaboration:
Cloud-based spreadsheets often allow real-time collaboration, whereas Excel requires
OneDrive or Excel Online for similar features.

General Program Shortcuts

First, let's take a look at some general keyboard shortcuts for manipulating workbooks, getting
help, and a few other interface-related actions.

 Ctrl+N: Create a new workbook

 Ctrl+O: Open an existing workbook
 Ctrl+S: Save a workbook
 F12: Open the Save As dialog box
 Ctrl+W: Close a workbook
 Ctrl+F4: Close Excel
 F4: Repeat the last command or action. For example, if the last thing you typed in a cell is
"hello," or if you change the font color, clicking another cell and pressing F4 repeats that action
in the new cell.
 Shift+F11: Insert a new worksheet
 Ctrl+Z: Undo an action
 Ctrl+Y: Redo an action
 Ctrl+F2: Switch to Print Preview
 F1: Open the Help pane
 Alt+Q: Go to the “Tell me what you want to do” box
 F7: Check spelling
 F9: Calculate all worksheets in all open workbooks
 Shift+F9: Calculate active worksheets
 Alt or F10: Turn key tips on or off
 Ctrl+F1: Show or hide the ribbon
 Ctrl+Shift+U: Expand or collapse the formula bar
 Ctrl+F9: Minimize the workbook window
 F11: Create a bar chart based on selected data (on a separate sheet)
 Alt+F1: Create an embedded bar chart based on select data (same sheet)
 Ctrl+F: Search in a spreadsheet, or use Find and Replace
 Alt+F: Open the File tab menu
 Alt+H: Go to the Home tab
 Alt+N: Open the Insert tab
 Alt+P: Go to the Page Layout tab
 Alt+M: Go to the Formulas tab
 Alt+A: Go to the Data tab
 Alt+R: Go to the Review tab
 Alt+W: Go to the View tab
 Alt+X: Go to the Add-ins tab
 Alt+Y: Go to the Help tab
 Ctrl+Tab: Switch between open workbooks
 Shift+F3: Insert a function
 Alt+F8: Create, run, edit, or delete a macro
 Alt+F11: Open the Microsoft Visual Basic For Applications Editor
 Moving Around in a Worksheet or Cell

You can use keyboard shortcuts to easily navigate throughout your worksheet, within a cell, or
throughout your entire workbook.

 Left/Right Arrow: Move one cell to the left or right

 Ctrl+Left/Right Arrow: Move to the farthest cell left or right in the row
 Up/Down Arrow: Move one cell up or down
 Ctrl+Up/Down Arrow: Move to the top or bottom cell in the column
 Tab: Go to the next cell
 Shift+Tab: Go to the previous cell
 Ctrl+End: Go to the most bottom right used cell
 F5: Go to any cell by pressing F5 and typing the cell coordinate or cell name.
 Home: Go to the leftmost cell in the current row (or go to the beginning of the cell if editing a
cell)
 Ctrl+Home: Move to the beginning of a worksheet
 Page Up/Down: Move one screen up or down in a worksheet
 Alt+Page Up/Down: Move one screen to the right or left in a worksheet
 Ctrl+Page Up/Down: Move to the previous or next worksheet
Selecting Cells

You may have noticed from the previous section you use the arrow keys to move between cells,
and the Ctrl key to modify that movement. Using the Shift key to modify the arrow keys lets
you extend your selected cells. There are also a few other combos for speeding up selection, as
well.

 Shift+Left/Right Arrow: Extend the cell selection to the left or right

 Shift+Space: Select the entire row
 Ctrl+Space: Select the entire column
 Ctrl+Shift+Space: Select the entire worksheet
Editing Cells

Excel also provides some keyboard shortcuts for editing cells.

 F2: Edit a cell

 Shift+F2: Add or edit a cell comment
 Ctrl+X: Cut contents of a cell, selected data, or selected cell range
 Ctrl+C or Ctrl+Insert: Copy contents of a cell, selected data, or selected cell range
 Ctrl+V or Shift+Insert: Paste contents of a cell, selected data, or selected cell range
 Ctrl+Alt+V: Open the Paste Special dialog box
 Delete: Remove the contents of a cell, selected data, or selected cell range
 Alt+Enter: Insert a hard return within a cell (while editing a cell)
 F3: Paste a cell name (if cells are named in the worksheet)
 Alt+H+D+C: Delete column
 Esc: Cancel an entry in a cell or the formula bar
 Enter: Complete an entry in a cell or the formula bar
Formatting Cells

Ready to format some cells? These keyboard shortcuts make it easier!

 Ctrl+B: Add or remove bold to the contents of a cell, selected data, or selected cell range
 Ctrl+I: Add or remove italics to the contents of a cell, selected data, or selected cell range
 Ctrl+U: Add or remove underline to the contents of a cell, selected data, or selected cell range
 Alt+H+H: Select a fill color
 Alt+H+B: Add a border
 Ctrl+Shift+&: Apply outline border
 Ctrl+Shift+_ (Underline): Remove outline border
 Ctrl+9: Hide the selected rows
 Ctrl+0: Hide the selected columns
 Ctrl+1: Open the Format Cells dialog box
 Ctrl+5: Apply or remove strikethrough
 Ctrl+Shift+$: Apply currency format
 Ctrl+Shift+%: Apply percent format
Experiment 1
Create a Worksheet to implement following Data Entry and Formatting

Solution:
Data Entry

1. Accuracy First: Double-check the information being entered.

2. Standardized Formatting: Use uniform formats for dates, numbers, and text (e.g.,
YYYY-MM-DD for dates).
3. Shortcuts: Use software shortcuts (e.g., Ctrl+C/V for copy-pasting).
4. Validation Rules: Implement drop-down menus, pre-filled templates, or conditional
formatting to reduce errors.
5. Focus Mode: Avoid distractions to ensure concentration and minimize typos.

Data Formatting

1. Microsoft Excel / Google Sheets:

o Use Conditional Formatting to highlight errors or important values.
o Employ Data Validation for drop-downs and restricted inputs.
o Use Text to Columns or Flash Fill for splitting or combining data.
2. Word Processing Tools (MS Word, Google Docs):
o Use headings, bullet points, and numbering for clarity.
o Apply consistent fonts and alignment.
o Leverage Find and Replace for bulk edits.
3. Database Systems:
o Structure data into well-defined tables with clear naming conventions.
o Normalize data to avoid redundancy.
o Test queries to confirm accurate retrieval.
Experiment 2
Create a Worksheet to implement following Excel Tables.

Solutions:

1. Plan the Tables

Decide on the data structure and include headers like Name, Age, Marks, Department,
etc.
2. Prepare Your Worksheet
o Header Row: Add column names in the first row.
o Data Rows: Input sample or real data into the subsequent rows.
3. Convert Data into Tables
o Select the range of data.
o Navigate to Insert > Table (or press Ctrl+T).
o Tick the box for "My table has headers" and click OK.
4. Format Tables
o Use the Table Design Tab to apply a style (color, borders, etc.).
o Enable options like Filter, Total Row, etc.
5. Add Features
o Conditional formatting (e.g., highlight cells with specific values).
o Create drop-downs for columns like Department using Data Validation.
 Experiment 3
Create a Worksheet to implement following Worksheet Management.

Insert a New Excel Worksheet

 Step 1 – To begin, open the Excel workbook where you’d like to insert a new worksheet.

This could either be a fresh workbook or one you’ve been working on; upon opening, you’ll
notice a default worksheet named “Sheet1”.

 Step 2 – Now, to insert a new worksheet in the workbook, simply click the “+” icon found to
the right of the last worksheet tab at the bottom of the Excel window.

 Step 3 – This will insert a new blank worksheet into the workbook. By default, it will be
named as “Sheet2”. You have the option to rename it. Once the worksheet is inserted, you

can start inputting data into this new blank sheet as required.
 Rename an Excel Worksheet

 Step1 – Right-click on the worksheet you want to rename.

 Step 2 – This action will bring up a context menu where you’ll locate the “rename” option.

Using this option, you can easily change the name of your worksheet.

Alternative way – You can also rename a worksheet by double-clicking on the tab of
the worksheet you wish to rename. This action will highlight the current name,
allowing you to edit it.

Delete an Excel Worksheet

 Step 1 – Choose the worksheet you want to delete by clicking on its tab located at the bottom
of the Excel workbook. This action will select the sheet you wish to remove.

 Step 2 – After selecting the worksheet tab, simply right-click on it, and from the menu that
appears, select “Delete”. Following these steps will result in the deletion of the selected
worksheet along with all the data inside it.
Experiment 4
Create a Worksheet to implement following Autofill, Custom Lists, and Flash Fill.

AutoFill
Microsoft Excel has a special feature call Fill Handle which files the data
automatically with a specific pattern. Basically, The Fill Handle tool completes the
incomplete entries of data by recognizing the pattern. It is an inbuilt excel feature
that is enabled by default settings. You can extend a series of dates, times, numbers,
and text combinations to the desired number of cells by just writing the first two
entries.
Flash Fill

Flash Fill in Excel is a smart tool that identifies patterns in your data and fills in the rest of the
column automatically. To use it, first, ensure your data is in one column (e.g., full names in
Column A). In the adjacent column, type the desired result based on a pattern (e.g., extracting
first names). After entering the first example, press Ctrl + E (or go to the Data tab and select
Flash Fill) to let Excel detect and complete the rest of the column. This works well for tasks
like splitting, combining, or formatting data, saving time and effort.
Step 1

Step 2
Ctrl+E
Coustm list

Access Custom List Settings:

 Go to the File tab, select Options, and then choose Advanced.

 Scroll down to the General section and click Edit Custom Lists (near the "Create Lists
for Use in Sorts and Fill Sequences" option).

Add a New Custom List:

 In the Custom Lists dialog box, click inside the List Entries box.

 Alternatively, if your list is already in a worksheet, click Import, select the range, and
import the list.
Save the Custom List:

 Click Add and then OK to save the list.

Use the Custom List:

 Type the first item of your list in a cell, then drag the fill handle (bottom-right corner of
the cell) to autofill the rest of the list.
 You can also sort data using this list in Sort & Filter (under the Data tab).
Experiment 5
Create a Worksheet to implement following Getting Data from External Sources.

Open a new workbook and go to Data tab > Get & Transform Data group > Get
Data > From File > From Text/CSV

Solution:
Experiment 6
Create a Worksheet to implement following freeze panes.

Solution:

Method 1
Method 2
Method 3
Experiment 7
Create a Worksheet to implement following grouping of worksheet.

Solution:

1. Right-click on any of the worksheet tabs

2. Click on ‘Select all Sheets’ option

Experiment 8
Create a Worksheet to implement following protect sheet & protect worksheet.

Solution:

Protecting Workbooks
Step 1: Select File > Info.
Step 2: Select the Protect Workbook box and choose Encrypt with Password.

Step 3: Enter a password in the Password box, and then select OK.
Step 4: Confirm the password in the Re-enter Password box and then select OK.

Protecting a worksheet
Step 1: Open the worksheet you want to protect.
Step 2: Head on to Review tab > Protect sheet.
Step 3: This opens a project sheet dialog and prompts you to enter a password for the sheet.
You can check the boxes you want the user to be able to edit after protection and uncheck the
rest.

Step 4: Hit OK and confirm password (don’t lose this password).

Your sheet is now protected, try typing into the sheet and see what excel prompts!
As a developer if you want to make changes to your sheet you can hit the unprotect
sheet under the review tab>enter the password> make the changes.
Experiment 9
Create a Worksheet to implement following data Analysis.
Methods of Data Analysis
Charts
Step 1: Select a table. After that go to the Insert tab on the top of the ribbon then in
the charts group select any chart. Here we are going to select a 3-D column
chart.

Step 2: As you can see, the excel table has been converted to a 3-D column
chart.
Sorting

Filter
Step 1: Select any column from the table. Here we are going to select a Sales
column. After that go to the data tab on the top of the ribbon and then in the sort
and filters group select filter.
Step 2: The values in the sales column are then shown in a drop-down box.
Here we are going to select a number of filters and then greater than.
Step 3: Then a custom auto filler dialog box appears. Here we are going to apply
sales greater than 70 and then click OK.
Experiment 10
Create a Worksheet to implement following Conditional Formatting.

Solution:
Method 2
Method 3
Experiment 11
Create a Worksheet to implement following Logical formulas.

1.IF

=IF(D2>=20000,"Sales","Hr")

2. TRUE and FALSE

=IF(F13>150,"TRUE","FALSE")

=IF(F13>150,"Pass","Fail")
3. OR

=OR (C2="Sales", D2>25000)

=OR(B2="Male", C2="Sales",D2>25000)

4. AND

=AND (B2="Male", C2="Sales”, D2>=20000)

=AND (B2="Male", C2="Sales”, D2>=10000)

5 IF and OR

=IF (OR (B2="Male”, C2="Sales”, D2>=20000), D2*20%,"No Bonus")

=IF(OR(B2="Male",C2="Account",D2>=20000),D2*20%,"No Bonus")

6. NOT

=NOT(D2<=20000)

7. Nested IF

=IF(D2>=20000,D2*30%,IF(D2>=10000,D2*20%,IF(D2<=10000,D2*10%)))
8. XOR

=IF(XOR(D2<=2000,C2="Sales"),"No Bonus","Bonus")
Experiment 12
Create a Worksheet to implement following Statistical formulas.

1.

COUNT()

=COUNT(D2:D10)

2. COUNTBLANK()

=COUNTBLANK(D2:D10)
3. AVERGAE()

=AVERAGE(E2:E10)

4. AVERAGEIF()

=AVERAGEIF(A2:A12,"Biology",E2:E12)
5. MEDIAN()

=MEDIAN(B2:B10)

6. MODE()

=MODE(C2:C10)
7. STANDARD DEVIATION

=STDEV.P(E2:E10)
8. VARIANCE

=VAR(E2:E10)

9. QUARTILES

Q1=QUARTILE(F2:F10,1)
Q2==QUARTILE(F2:F10,2)

Q3=QUARTILE(F2:F10,3)
10.RANK

=RANK(B16,$B$16:$B$24)
Experiment 13
Create a Worksheet to implement following Date &time formulas.

1.NOW() and Today()

2 Date ,month ,year Function

=DATE(A19,B19,C19)

3. Workday()

=WORKDAY(B32,C32)

4. workday.intl()
5. Weekday,year,month,…..etc function

6. EDATE()

=EDATE(A40,3)
Experiment 14
Create a Worksheet to implement following Lookup formulas.

=VLOOKUP(A2,$E$4:$G$7,3,FALSE)
Experiment 15
Create a Worksheet to implement following Hlookup formulas.

=HLOOKUP(A16,$E$16:$I$18,3,FALSE)
Experiment 16
Create a Worksheet to implement following Text formulas
Experiment 17
Create a Worksheet to implement following Lookup formulas using if
Function

Solution:
=IF(ISTEXT(E64),VLOOKUP(E64,$A$62:$C$70,3,0),VLOOKUP(E64,$B$62:$C$70,2,0))
Experiment 18
Create a Worksheet to implement following Lookup formulas using Sum
Function.

Solution:
Experiment 19
Create a Worksheet to implement following Math formulas.

Solutions:
ABS()

=ABS(B2)

PRODUCT()

=PRODUCT(C2:C6)

SQRT()

=SQRT(B2)
EVEN()

=EVEN(A2)

ODD()

=ODD(A2)

FACT()

=FACT(A2)
FACTDBOUBLE()

=FACTDOUBLE(A2)

LCM

=LCM(2,4,5)

GCD(HCF)

=GCD(4,12,16,32)

=A2*PI()/180
‘

=Sin()

=SIN(A2*PI()/180)

COS()

=COS(A2*PI()/180)

TAN()

=TAN(A2*PI()/180)
COT()

=COT(A2*PI()/180)

COSEC()

=CSC(A2*PI()/180)

SEC()

=SEC(A2*PI()/180)
=QUOTIENT(B16,C16)

=MOD(B16,C16)

=DEGREES(A27)
=RADIANS(A27)
Experiment 20
Create a Worksheet to implement following Lookup formulas using Row &
Column function.

Solution:
ROW

=VLOOKUP($C$107,$A$94:$E$104,ROW(B2),0)

ROWS

=VLOOKUP($C$107,$A$94:$E$104,ROWS($G$107:$G$108),0)
Column

=VLOOKUP($A$109,$A$94:$E$104,COLUMN(B2),0)

Columns

=VLOOKUP($A$109,$A$94:$E$104,COLUMNS($D$106:$E$106),0)
Experiment 21
Create a Worksheet to implement following Data Validation function

Solutions:

Whole Number

Text Length

Date

Drop down

Coustom
Experiment 22
Create a Worksheet to implement following Data Validation using List
function

Solution
Experiment 23
Create a Worksheet to implement following Data Validation using
Conditional formatting

Solution
Bold
Italic

Underline
All Border

No Border
Fill Color

Font Color
Experiment 24
Create a Worksheet to implement following Sorting and Filtering.
Solution:
Filter
Sorting
Experiment 25
Create a Worksheet to implement following macro function.

Solution:
How to Create a Macro in Excel
Here are the steps from which you can come to know how to build a macro in Excel.
Step 1: Open MS Excel
Open Excel. Then go to File tab and select options bar.
Step 2: Select Customize Ribbon
Select customize ribbon option and make sure developer checkbox is selected.

Select Customize Ribbon

Step 3: Select “Ok”
Select Ok . Developer menu will appear in the ribbon.
Step 4: Select Developer Tab and Click “Record Macro”
Select Developer tab and click on record macro. It will start recording a macro. It will then
record the various steps. Click on stop recording to stop recording a macro

Step 5: Select Name of Macro and Assign a shortcut Key

A new dialog box will open. Select the name of the macro and assign a shortcut key for the Excel
macro. You can use current workbook, new workbook , or personal macro workbook to store
the macro. Click Ok to continue.

How to Record a Macro in Excel

To record a macro in Excel, follow these quick steps:
Step 1: Open MS Excel
Step 2: Go to the Developer Tab
From the top of the toolbar go to the Developer Tab search for the “Customize Ribbon”
button.
Step 3: Select Customize Ribbon
Select “Customize Ribbon” from the drop-down menu of Excel Option.

Step 4: Start Recording Macro

Click on the “Start macro” button to start recording the macro.

Step 5: Give Name to your Macro

Step 6: Stop Recording
Click on the small Stop Recording Icon to stop the recording.
How to Run a Macro in Excel
Follow the below steps to run a Excel macro:
Step 1: Open MS Excel and Select your Document
Step 2: Go to the Developers Tab and Select Macros Option
In both the views and developer tab from the ribbon, there is a option to run macros . Select the
Macros option from the tab.

Step 3: Run the Macro

From the open dialog box , select the macro and run it. You can also run the Excel
macro by using the shortcut key mentioned at the time of saving the macro.
Experiment 26
Create a Worksheet to implement following Pivot Table.

Solution:
Experiment 27
Create Pivot Table by using Data given below add prepare Pivot Chart?

Solution:
Experiment 28
Create Pivot Table by using Data given below add prepare Grouping by
date?

Solution:
Experiment 29
Create a MS-Excel worksheet and find data by using INDEX?

Solution:
INDEX =INDEX (A2:B8, H12, H13)
Experiment 30
Create a MS-Excel worksheet and find data by using CHOOSE?

Solution:
CHOOSE: - =CHOOSE(B2,"blue","yellow","Green","black")