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Class12 Physics Chapter1 Notes

This document covers the fundamentals of electrostatics, including the nature of electric charges, their properties, and methods of charging. It explains Coulomb's Law, electric fields, and the principle of superposition, along with the concepts of electric dipoles and Gauss's Law. Key equations and applications related to electric fields and forces are also presented.

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145 views3 pages

Class12 Physics Chapter1 Notes

This document covers the fundamentals of electrostatics, including the nature of electric charges, their properties, and methods of charging. It explains Coulomb's Law, electric fields, and the principle of superposition, along with the concepts of electric dipoles and Gauss's Law. Key equations and applications related to electric fields and forces are also presented.

Uploaded by

fusionmantraai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 12 Physics Chapter 1 - Electric Charges and Fields

1. Introduction

- Electrostatics deals with electric charges at rest.

2. Electric Charge

- Charge is a property of matter causing force in electric fields.

- Types: Positive and Negative

- Like charges repel, unlike charges attract.

Properties:

1. Quantization: q = ?ne

2. Conservation: Total charge remains constant.

3. Additivity: Charges are algebraically additive.

4. Invariant: Charge doesn?t change with speed.

3. Charging Methods

- Friction, Conduction, Induction

4. Coulomb?s Law

F = (1/4???) * (q?q? / r?)

5. Principle of Superposition

- Net force is vector sum of individual forces.

6. Electric Field (E)

E = F/q | Units: N/C or V/m


7. Electric Field Lines

- Represent electric field direction.

- Never intersect.

8. Field Due to Point Charge

E = (1/4???) * (q / r?)

9. Electric Dipole

Dipole moment: p = q ? 2a

Fields:

- Axial: E = (1/4???) * (2p / r?)

- Equatorial: E = (1/4???) * (p / r?)

10. Torque on a Dipole

? = pE sin?

11. Electric Flux

? = EA cos? | Units: Nm?/C

12. Gauss?s Law

? = q_inside / ??

13. Applications of Gauss?s Law

- Infinite wire: E = ? / 2???r

- Infinite sheet: E = ? / 2??


- Spherical shell:

Outside: E = (1/4???)(q / r?)

On surface: Same with r = R

Inside: E = 0

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