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L3 - Per Unit System

The document explains the per unit system for transformers, where voltage, current, VA, and impedance are expressed as ratios of actual values to base values. It highlights that the rated value of the device is used as the base value, and that per unit values remain consistent on either side of the transformer. Additionally, it discusses the selection of base values in single-phase and three-phase systems, including the implications for large devices and systems.

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chansara08
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5 views2 pages

L3 - Per Unit System

The document explains the per unit system for transformers, where voltage, current, VA, and impedance are expressed as ratios of actual values to base values. It highlights that the rated value of the device is used as the base value, and that per unit values remain consistent on either side of the transformer. Additionally, it discusses the selection of base values in single-phase and three-phase systems, including the implications for large devices and systems.

Uploaded by

chansara08
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PER UNIT SYSTEM OF A TRANSFORMER

 It is usual to express voltage, current, VA and impedance in per unit of the base
or reference values of these quantities.
 The per unit (pu) value of any quantity is defined as the ratio of actual value to
base value.

Per unit value

 The rated value of the device is chosen as the base value.


 The per unit value is same on either side of the transformer.
 For a single phase system, the base volt ampere is

 Always, (VA)base and Vbase are first selected and their choice automatically fixes
the other base values as per Equations (1)-(3).
 It immediately follows from these equations that

 The large devices and systems it is more practical to express the bases in
kVA/MVA and kV. Then equation (4) is written as

 When (MVA)B and (kV)B are modified, the new pu impedance is given by

 In the 3-phase system, the bases are chosen as


(MVA)B = 3-Phase MVA

(kV)B = Line-to-line kV

 Assuming star connection (equivalent star can always be found),

 Assuming delta connection,

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