MIL REVIEWER thinking and life-long learning skills to
socialize and become active citizens.
TERMINOLOGIES
KINDS OF MEDIA
LITERACY
● The ability to identify, understand, TRADITIONAL MEDIA
interpret, create, communicate and ● Kinds of media that were invented before
compute, using printed and written the invention of Internet. Includes all kinds
materials associated with varying of written or print media. ( ink & paper)
contexts. ● Broadcast Media – electronic media that
uses electricity and technology to deliver the
message or information. Airwave
MEDIA
transmission as medium.
● The physical objects used to ● Film or Cinema – pertains to movies, that
communicate with, or the mass carries audio visual messages and are
communication through physical objects usually projected onto huge screen.
such as radio, television, computers,
film, etc. NEW MEDIA
● Was a term coined refer to media that
MEDIA LITERACY developed when the use of computer
● The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, technology became ordinary and common
and create media in a variety of forms. in most parts of the world.
● Digital platform
● Mobile Technology – (smart phones and
INFORMATION
tablets) have similar capacity to create,
● A broad term that covers processed store and transmit information like traditional
data, knowledge derived from study, media
experience, instruction, signals or
symbols. SOCIAL MEDIA
● Internet-maintained computer programs that
INFORMATION LITERACY could be installed in personal computers
● ability to recognize when information is or portable devices.
needed, and to locate,evaluate, and ● Purpose – to connect with other people
effectively communicate information in using the same platform.
its various formats.
Print Media + New Media = Media Convergence
● How Traditional Media and New Media
TECHNOLOGY LITERACY co-exist.
● The ability of an individual, either
working independently or with others, to MEDIA OWNERSHIP
responsibly, appropriately, and ● Media is usually run as a business.
effectively use technological tools. ● Business structure is corporate in nature,
meaning a board with several members
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY shares the ownership of the business, not
● The essential skills and competencies just one person.
that allow individuals to engage with ● Has to be legitimate
● Registered with business sector of the city
media and other information providers
and the country it operates
effectively, as well as develop critical
● Pay taxes to government
● Media is there to sell something (Films/TV ● Usually pertains to the broadcast media
Shows) where certain governments run TV and
radio broadcast shows that feature the
BROADCAST INDUSTRY government’s work and efforts
● Garners enough rating for TV and Radio
shows BRIEF HISTORY OF MEDIA
● The higher the rating the higher the number ● Providers of information needed in the
of producers, commercials etc., study.
● Done orally or in writing
FILM INDUSTRY
● Dependent on ticket sales COMMUNICATION
● The more people who watch a particular ● One of the most essential and immediate
movie the more the profit the producers need that they had to learn, develop, and
earn. master
● Same goes with print industry e.g. books,
magazines, and comics. PRE-INDUSTRIAL AGE ( 1750 )
● Oral Traditions – basic ancestor of
MAINSTREAM MEDIA information and communication flow.
● Commercial-run type of media businesses ( Bards, Poet, Story Tellers are high valued )
characterized by the corporate structure of ● Language – essential to use for everyday
business. life, developed humans into having more
● Media disseminated via the largest complex thoughts
distribution channels, which therefore ● SPECIFIC ARTS – (poetry and epic poem)
representative of what the majority of media has roots in oral traditions
consumers are likely to encounter. ● ARCHEOLOGISTS- Found evidence on
early human beings communicating through
ALTERNATIVE MEDIA writing symbols and drawing crude pictures.
● The other choice aside from the existing EX: CHAUVET CAVE IN SOUTHERN
mainstream media. FRANCE
● Shows that humans have basic
INDEPENDENT MEDIA tendency to record what goes
● Artist is open to create their work around
independent of the top-down dictates of the ● Shows evidence of symbols etched
profit-oriented mainstream producer. onto walls of Southern France
30,000 years ago.
COMMUNITY MEDIA
● Any form of media that is created and ● Cuneiform - one of the oldest writing system
controlled by a community-either a developed by Sumerian people of
geographic Mesopotamia the Cradle of Western
community or a community of identity or Civilization
interest, separate from either private
(commercial FORMAL RECORDINGS OR LEGAL SYSTEM
media), state run media, or public broadcast Code of Hammurabi - Form of symbolic
media. impressions that make up ancient languages
● Dating back to 1772 BCE
STATE OWNED MEDIA ● Contains written laws and codes of the
● The government owns and controls specific Babylonian king name HAMMURABI (ruled
media outlets. during those ancient times.)
PAPYRUS (PLANT) – material prepared in ancient ● Started harnessing Electricity for daily use.
Egypt used in sheets throughout the ancient ● Technological inventions developed with
Mediterranean world for writing or painting on various electricity-related experimentations.
● Used for documentation in Egypt ● Characterized by social change, political
● Spread into other parts of the world, making motivated movements and rapid economic
the recording and documenting of human developments
life even more extensive and profound. ● World shifted from being predominantly
agricultural economy towards a more
PRE-INDUSTRIAL AGE industrialized economy.
● Printing press for mass production
● WRITTEN WORD considered as the (19th century)
greatest tool that human beings used to ● Newspaper- The London Gazette (1640)
communicate with each other. ● Typewriter (1800)
● Learning how to write words prompted ● Telephone (1876)
civilizations to discover newer devices that ● Motion picture photography/projection(1890)
helped develop our modern-day media. ● Commercial motion pictures (1913)
● Newer form of media – handwritten books ● Motion picture with sound (1926)
(developed and marketed into consumer ● Telegraph
items. ● Punch cards
● Replicating HANDWRITTEN BOOKS is a
laborious task and costly that the amount of Beginning of the Invention of photography
early volumes was inaccessible to those ● Frenchman Louise Daguerre – ushered
who cannot afford it. photography in 1839
● Modern-day Polaroid one-photo-per-shot
WOODBLOCK PRINTING system (went popular in 1970’s)
● developed around 200CE.
● CHINESE AND KOREAN PEOPLE USE Handheld camera (kodak camera)
THIS ● Developed by George Eastman
● Wrote letters on textile or paper using letters ● Improve the rolled and perforated celluloid
carved onto wood blocks. film to go with his camera.
● YEAR 1040 – the movable type was ● Accessible to the masses in 1888.
invented, removing the system of
woodblock in certain areas in region. Samuel Morse
● invented telegraph in 1844
Johann Gutenberg ● allowed the rapid transfer of messages via
● German Goldsmith who invented the wires and cables, as the sender encoded
revolutionizing printing press. the information and the receiver decoded it
● Also improved this by developing a movable at the other end.
printing press in 1453
● First form of mass media production
revolutionized the way Europe and western ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
civilization develop. ● Invention of telephone 1876
INDUSTRIAL AGE Thomas Edison
● Experimented with recording sound and
● Civilization started embracing more music
technological advances (Gutenberg’s ● Phonograph was invented in 1877
Printing Press) world was ushered into ● Also tinkered with another media, FILM, as
industrial age. his invention of the incandescent light bulb.
● Industrial age and electronic age happened
Emile Berliner when human beings realized the importance
● The one who successfully developed a and relevance of information as a
sound and music recording system. commodity.
● Created gramophone system which played ● Electronic age is also characterized by the
back music recorded on flat discs or way humans consumed information in a
Records. rapidly developing pace, leading us towards
what they call “information society”
Elridge Johnson ● Development of Fax Machine and cell
● The manually operated turntable was phone also resulted in a faster way of
improved upon by the invention of a motor transmitting messages, causing telegraph to
system by him. eventually die.
● Making hand-cranking operations a thing of ● Cable and Satellite technologies also paved
the past. way for faster transmittal of media content,
● This was how turntables got mechanized whether information or entertainment
systems ● Delivery of goods before is from one point to
another encompassed the use of physical
James clerk Maxwell transportation.
● Experimented with electromagnetic waves ● Electronic Signal or waves and wired or
in 1873 even wireless technology soon discarded
this need for physical transport.
Heinrich hertz ● With the development and expansion of the
● German Physicist demonstrated the first broadcast industry (radio and television)
transmission of these radio waves in 1887 reach the term “mass media” took its full
effect as it changed the habits of various
Edouard Branly and Oliver lodge cultures especially in 1950’s and 1960’s
● Respectively worked on improving radio
wave frequency transmissions of both the FILM
transmitter and receiver technologies. ● This is treated as a social-event, the
broadcast media’s impact on our daily life
Guglielmo Marconi influenced the way we perceive and receive
● All of these innovations were taken up and media messages.
improved upon in America in 1894. ● Different formats of FILM: VHS, VCD’s, and
● who was the first person to recognize the now DVD’s
commercial viability of the radio system?
● First used in the maritime industry at the MUSIC
onset of the 1900’s (world war I and II) ● Development of personal electronic gadgets
● The term “broadcast” began its usage from and recorders paved the way for more
radio to signify this one-way type of sending access to mass media.
messages or information to wider audience
Philo Farnsworth ● Earlier phonograph discs into vinyl records,
● Holds the credit of making the first television to magnetic tape and later converted to
transmittal picture in 1927. data and sorted into compact discs or CD’s.
● In 1930 he made a public demonstration of (The Sony Walkman and Sony discman)
the early prototype of the television.
Print Media - media consisting of paper and ink,
ELECTRONIC AGE reproduced in a printing process that is
● Invention of such gadgetry and devices. Traditionally mechanical.
Broadcast Media - media such as radio and ● INDIGENOUS - native; local; originating or
television that reach target audiences using produced naturally in a particular region.
airwaves as the transmission medium. ● INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE - knowledge
that is unique to a specific culture or society;
New Media - content organized and distributed on most often it is not written down.
digital platforms. ● INDIGENOUS COMMUNICATION -
transmission of information through local
MEDIA CONVERGENCE channels or forms. It is a means by which
● Unlock the term Media Convergence using culture is preserved, handed down, and
the following definitions: adapted.
● The co-existence of traditional and new ● INDIGENOUS MEDIA AND INFORMATION
media. - original information created by a local
● The co-existence of print media, broadcast group of people.
media (radio and television), the Internet,
mobile INTERNET
● Phones, as well as others, allowing media ● a global computer network providing a
content to flow across various platforms. variety of information and communication
● The ability to transform different kinds of facilities, consisting of interconnected
media into digital code, which is then networks using standardized
accessible by a range of devices (ex. from communication protocols.
the personal computer to the mobile phone),
thus creating a digital EVALUATING INFORMATION FOUND ON THE
communication environment. INTERNET:
● Authorship
SOURCES OF INFORMATION /MEDIA SOURCES ● Publishing body
● LIBRARIES ● Accuracy and Verifiability
● INDIGENOUS MEDIA ● Currency
● INTERNET
THINGS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING
LIBRARIES INFORMATION:
● A place in which literary, musical, artistic, or ● Reliability
reference materials (such as books, ● Accuracy
manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept ● Value
for use but not for sale ● Authority
● Timeliness
4 MAJOR TYPES OF LIBRARIES:
1. ACADEMIC LIBRARY - serves colleges
and universities PUBLIC LIBRARY - serves
cities and towns of all types
2. PUBLIC LIBRARY - serves cities and towns
of all types
3. SCHOOL LIBRARY - serves students from
Kindergarten to Grade 12
4. SPECIAL LIBRARY - are in specialized
environments, such as hospitals,
corporations, museums, the military, private
business, and the government.
INDIGENOUS MEDIA
