CBSE Class 10 Mathematics

NCERT Exemplar Solutions

Chapter 9 CIRCLE

EXERCISE 9.1

Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions:

1. If the radii of two concentric circles are 4 cm and 5 cm, then the length of each chord
of one circle which is the tangent to the other circle is

(a) 3 cm

(b) 6 cm

(c) 9 cm

(d) 1 cm

Sol. (b): C1, C2 are concentric circles with their centre C.

Chord AB of circle C2 touches C1 at P

AB is tangent at P and PC is radius at P.

So, CP ⊥ AB.

⇒ ∠P = 90°, CP = 4 cm and CA = 5 cm (Given)

∴ In right angle ΔPAC,

AP2 = AC2 – PC2 = 52 – 44 = 25 – 16 = 9

⇒ AP = 3 cm

Perpendicular from centre to chord bisects the chord.

So, AB = 2AP = 2 × 3 = 6 cm. Hence, verifies option (b).

2. In the given figure, if ∠AOB = 125°, then ∠COD is equal to

(a) 62. 5°

(b) 45°

(c) 35°

(d) 55°

Sol. (d): We know that a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtends supplementary

angles at the centre of the circle.

∴ ∠AOB + ∠COD = 180°

125° + ∠COD = 180°

∠COD = 180° - 125° = 55°.

Hence, verifies option (d).

3. In the given figure, AB is a chord of the circle and AOC is its diameter, such
that ∠ACB = 50°. If AT is the tangent to the circle at the point A, then ∠BAT is equal to
(a) 65°

(b) 60°

(c) 50°

(d) 40°

Sol. (c): AC is diameter.

⇒ ∠B = 90° (∠ in a semi-circle)

∴ ∠BAC = 180° - ∠C - ∠B [Angle sum property of a triangle]

⇒ ∠BAC = 180° - 50° - 90° = 180° - 140° = 40°

Tangent AT at A and radius OA at A arc at 90°.

So, ∠OAT = 90°

∴ ∠OAB + ∠BAT = 90°

⇒ 40° + ∠BAT = 90°

⇒ ∠BAT = 90° - 40°

⇒ ∠BAT = 50°.

Hence, verifies option (c).

4. From a point P which is at a distance of 13 cm from the centre O of a circle of radius 5

cm, the pair of tangents PQ and PR to the circle are drawn. Then the area of the
quadrilateral PQOR is
(a) 60 cm2

(b) 65 cm2

(c) 30 cm2

(d) 32.5 cm2

Sol. (a): PQ is tangent and QO is radius at contact point Q.

∴ ∠PQO = 90°

∴ By Pythagoras theorem,

PQ2 = OP2 – OQ2

= 132 – 52 = 169 – 25 = 144

⇒ PQ = 12 cm

∴ ΔOPQ ≅ ΔOPR [By SSS criterion of congruence]

∴ Area of ΔOPQ = ar ΔOPR

Area of quadrilateral QORP = 2 ar (ΔOPR)

=2× base × altitude

= RP × OR = 12 × 5 = 60 cm2

Hence, verifies the option (a).

5. At one end A of diameter AB of a circle of radius 5 cm, tangent XAY is drawn to the
circle. The length of the chord CD parallel to XY and at a distance 8 cm from A is

(a) 4 cm

(b) 5 cm

(c) 6 cm

(d) 8 cm

Sol. (d): XAY is tangent and AO is radius at contact point A of circle.

AO = 5 cm

∴ ∠OAY = 90°

CD is another chord at distance (perpendicular) of 8 cm from A and CMD || XAY meets AB at

M.

Join OD.

OD = 5 cm

OM = 8 – 5 = 3 cm

∠OMD = ∠OAY = 90°

Now, in right angled ΔOMD

MD2 = OD2 – MO2 = 52 – 32 = 25 – 9 = 16

⇒ MD = 4 cm

Perpendicular from centre O of circle bisect the chord. So, CD = 2MD = 2 × 4 = 8 cm.
Hence, length of chord CD = 8 cm, which verifies option (d).

6. In the given figure, AT is a tangent to the circle with centre ‘O’ such that OT = 4 cm
and ∠OTA = 30°. Then AT is equal to

(a) 4 cm

(b) 2 cm

(c) cm

(d) cm

Sol. (c): Join OA. OA id radius and AT is tangent at contact point A.

So, ∠OAT = 90°, OT = 4 cm [Given]

Now, = cos 30°

⇒ AT = 4 × = cm.
Hence, verifies the option (c).

7. In the given figure, ‘O’ is the centre of circle, PQ is a chord and the tangent PR at P
makes an angle of 50° with PQ, then ∠POQ is equal to

(a) 100°

(b) 80°

(c) 90°

(d) 75°

Sol. (a): OP is radius and PR is tangent at P.

So, ∠OPR = 90°

⇒ ∠OPQ + 50° = 90°

⇒ ∠OPQ = 90° - 50°

⇒ ∠OPQ = 40°

In ΔOPQ,

OP = OQ [Radii of same circle]

∴ ∠Q = ∠OPQ = 40° [Angle opposite to equal sides are equal]

But, ∠POQ = 180° - ∠P - ∠Q

= 180° - 40° - 40° = 180° - 80° = 100°

⇒ ∠POQ = 100°.

Hence, verifies the option (a).

8. In the given figure, if PA and PB are tangents to the circle with centre O such
that ∠APB = 50°, then ∠OAB is equal to

(a) 25°

(b) 30°

(c) 40°

(d) 50°

Sol. (a): In ΔOAB, we have

OA = OB [Radii of same circle]

∴ ∠OAB = ∠OBA [Angle opposite to equal sides are equal]

As OA and PA are radius and tangent respectively at contact point A.

So, ∠OAP = 90°. Similarly,

∠OBP = 90°
Now, in quadrilateral PAOB,

∠P + ∠A + ∠O + ∠B = 360°

⇒ 50° + 90° + ∠O + 90° = 360°

⇒ ∠O = 360° - 90° - 90° - 50°

⇒ ∠O = 130°

Again, in ΔOAB,

∠O + ∠OAB + ∠OBA = 180°

⇒ 130° + ∠OAB + ∠OAB = 180° [∵ ∠OBA = ∠OAB]

⇒ 2∠OAB = 180° - 130° = 50°

⇒ ∠OAB = 25°

Hence, ∠OAB = 25° which verifies option (a).

9. If two tangents inclined at an angle 60° are drawn to a circle of radius 3 cm, then the
length of each tangent is equal to

(a) cm

(b) 6 cm

(c) 3 cm

(d) cm

Sol. (d): ∵ OA and PA are the radius and the tangent respectively at contact point A of a circle
of radius OA = 3 cm. So, ∠PAO = 90°
In right angled ΔPOA,

tan 30° = ⇒

⇒ PA = which verifies the option (d).

10. In the given figure, if PQR is the tangent to a circle at Q, whose centre is O, AB is a
chord parallel to PR and ∠BQR = 70°, then ∠AQB is equal to

(a) 20°

(b) 40°

(c) 35°

(d) 45°

Sol. (b): AB || PQR [Given]

∠B = ∠BQR = 70° [Alternate interior angles]

and ∠OQR = ∠AMQ [Alternate interior angles]

As PQR and OQ are tangent and radius at contact point Q

∴ ∠OQR = 90°

⇒ ∠1 + ∠70° = 90°

⇒ ∠1 = 90° - 70° = 20°

∴ ∠AMO = 90° and perpendicular from centre to chord bisect the chord

So, MA = MB

∠QMA = ∠QMB [Each 90°]

MQ = MQ [Common]

∴ ΔQMA ≅ ΔQMB [By SAS criterion of congruence]

⇒ ∠A = ∠B

⇒ ∠A = 70° [∵ ∠B = 70°]

∴ ∠A + ∠AMQ + ∠2 = 180° [Angle sum property of a triangle]

⇒ 70° + 90° + ∠2 = 180°

⇒ ∠2 = 180° - 160°

⇒ ∠2 = 20°

∴ ∠AQB = ∠1 + ∠2 = 20° + 20° = 40°

Hence, verifies option (b).

 EXERCISE 9.2

Write True or False and justify your answer in each of the following:

1. If a chord AB subtends an angle of 60° at the centre of a circle, then the angle between
the tangents at A and B is also 60°.

Sol. False: Chord AB subtends ∠60° at O.

∴ ∠OAP = 90°

Similarly, ∠OBP = 90°

In quadrilateral OAPB,

∠O + ∠P + ∠OAP + ∠OBP = 360°

⇒ 60° + ∠P + 90° + 90° = 360°

⇒ ∠P = 360° - 240°

⇒ ∠P = 120°

Hence, the given statement is false.

2. The length of tangent from an external point on a circle is always greater than radius
of the circle.

Sol. False: Consider any point P external to a circle away from O.

Now, draw tangent PA on the circle. Clearly,

PA > r [∵ P is external to circle and P is at sufficient distance]

Now, again consider any point P1 on the tangent AP very near to contact point A of tangent

PA, P1A < AO

So, it is clear that the length of the tangent PA and P1A are greater and smaller respectively

than radius OA.

Hence, the length of the tangent from an external point of a circle may or may not be greater
than the radius of the circle. Hence, the given statement is false.

3. The length of the tangent from an external point P on a circle with centre O is always
less than OP.

Sol. True:

PT and OT are the tangent and radius respectively at contact point T.

So, ∠OTP = 90°

⇒ ΔOPT is right angled triangle.

Again, in ΔOPT

∵ ∠T > ∠O

∴ OP > PT [Side opposite to greater angle is larger]

Hence, the given statement is true.

4. The angle between two tangents to a circle may be 0°.

Sol. True:

Consider the diameter POQ of a circle with centre O. The tangent at P and Q are drawn, as we
know the radius and tangent at contact point are perpendicular so ∠1 = ∠2 = 90°. These are
alternate angles so the tangent APB || CQD i.e., angle between two tangents to a circle may
be zero.

Hence, the given statement is true.

5. If the angle between two tangents drawn from a point P to a circle of radius ‘a’ and
centre O is 90°, then OP = .

Sol. True:

Consider a tangent PT from an external point P on a circle with radius ‘a’

OT and PT are radius and tangent respectively at contact point T.

∴ ∠T = 90°

As ΔOPT ≅ ΔOPR [By SSS criterion of congruence]

∴ ∠OPT = ∠OPR = = 45°

∴ In right angle ΔOPT,

sin 45° =

⇒ OP = .

Hence, the given statement is true.

6. If the angle between two tangents drawn from a point P to a circle of radius ‘a’ and
centre O is 60°, then OP = .

Sol. False: PT and OT are tangent and radius respectively at contact point T.

∴ ∠OTP = 90°

⇒ ΔOTP is right angle Δ at T

As ΔOPT ≅ ΔOPR [By SSS criterion of congruence]

⇒ ∠OPT = ∠OPR = × 60° = 30°

∴ In right angle ΔOPT,

sin 30° = ⇒

⇒ OP = 2a

Hence, the given statement is false.

7. The tangent to the circumcircle of an isosceles ΔABC at A, in which AB = AC, is
parallel to BC.

Sol. True.

A ΔABC, inscribed in a circle in which

AB = AC.

PAQ is tangent at A.

AB is chord.

∴ ∠PAB = ∠C …(i)

∵ Angle ∠PAB formed by chord (AB) with tangent is equal angle ∠C formed by chord AC in
alternate segment.

In ΔABC,

AB = AC [Given]

∴ ∠B = ∠C [∵ Angles opposite to equal sides are equal] …(ii)

From (i) and (ii), ∠B = ∠PAB

These are alternate interior angles.

So, PAQ || BC

Hence, the given statement is true.

8. If a number of circles touch a given line segment PQ at as point A, then their centre
lies on the perpendicular bisector of PQ.
Sol. False:

C1 A and PAQ are radius and tangent at contact point A.

∴ ∠C1AP = 90°

⇒ C1 A ⊥ PQ

Similarly, ∠C2AP = 90°

⇒ C2A ⊥ PQ

∠C3 AP = 90°

⇒ C3A ⊥ PQ

We know that perpendicular on any point of a segment PQ may be only one.

So, Point segments C1A, C2A, C3A, C4A, … will be on a line.

⇒ C1A, C2A, C3A, C4A will lie on a line, which is perpendicular on PQ at A.

As A is not mid point of PQ. So, the perpendicular AB will not be perpendicular bisector of
PQ.

Hence, the given statement is false.

9. If a number of circles pass through the end points P and Q of a line segment PQ, then
their centres lie on the perpendicular bisector of PQ.

Sol. True: Centre of any circle passing through the end points P and Q of a line segment are
equidistant from P and Q.
∴ A 1P = A 1Q

A 2P = A 2Q

A 3P = A 3Q

as we know that any point on perpendicular bisector of a segment is equidistant from the
end points of the segment. Hence, A1, A2, A3 points are the centres of circles passing through

the end points P and Q of a segment PQ or the centres of circles lie on the perpendicular
bisector of PQ.

10. AB is a diameter of a circle and AC is its chord such that ∠BAC = 30°. If the tangent at
C intersects AB extended at D, then BC = BD.

Sol. True:

CD is a tangent at contact point C.

AOB is diameter which meets tangent produced at D.

Chord AC makes ∠A = 30° with diameter AB.

To prove: BD = BC

Proof: In ΔOAC,
OA = OC = r [Radii of same circle]

∠1 = ∠A [∠s opp. to equal sides are equal]

⇒ ∠1 = 30° [∵ ∠A = 30°]

Exterior ∠BOC = ∠2 = ∠1 + ∠A = (30° + 30°) = 60°

Now, in ΔOCB,

OC = OB [Radii of same circle]

∴ ∠3 = ∠4 [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]

∠3 + ∠4 + ∠COB = 180°

⇒ ∠3 + ∠3 + 60° = 180° [Angle sum property of triangle]

⇒ 2 ∠3 = 180° - 60° = 120°

⇒ ∠3 = 60° = ∠4

∠6 + ∠4 = 180° [Linear pair axiom]

⇒ ∠6 = 180° - ∠4

= 180° - 60°

⇒ ∠6 = 120°

∵ Tangent CD and radius CO are at contact point C.

∴ ∠OCD = 90°

⇒ ∠3 + ∠5 = 90°

⇒ 60° + ∠ = 90°

⇒ ∠5 = 30°

Now, in ΔBCD, we have

∠D + ∠5 + ∠6 = 180° [Angle sum property of a triangle]

⇒ ∠D = 180° - ∠5 - ∠6

= 180° - 30° - 120° = 180° - 150°

⇒ ∠D = 30°

∴ ∠D = ∠5 = 30°

⇒ BC = BD [Sides opposite to equal ∠s of a triangle are equal]

Hence, verifies the given statement true.

 EXERCISE 9.3

1. Out of the two concentric circles, the radius of the outer circle is 5 cm and the chord
AC of length 8 cm is a tangent to the inner circle. Find the radius of the inner circles.

Sol. Given: Two concentric circles C1 and C2 with centre O.

Chord AC of circle C2 is tangent of circle C1 at B.

We know that tangent AC and radius BO at point B are perpendicular.

∴ Perpendicular from centre to chord bisects the chord.

∴ AB = CB = = 4 cm

In right ΔABO,

OB2 = OA2 – AB2 [By Pythagoras theorem]

= 52 – 42 = 25 – 16 = 9

⇒ OB = 3 cm

Hence, radius of circle C1 is 3 cm.

2. Two tangents PQ and PR are drawn from an external point to a circle with centre O.
Prove that QORP is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Sol. Given: Tangents PR and PQ from an external point P to a circle with centre O.

To prove: Quadrilateral QORP is cyclic.

Proof: RO and RP are the radius and tangent respectively at contact point R.

∴ ∠PRO = 90°

Similarly ∠PQO = 90°

In quadrilateral QOPR, we have

∠P + ∠R + ∠O + ∠Q = 360°

⇒ ∠P + ∠90° + ∠O + ∠90° = 360°

⇒ ∠P + ∠O = 360° - 180° = 180°

These are opposite angles of quadrilateral QORP and are supplementary.

∴ Quadrilateral QORP is cyclic. hence, proved.

3. If from an external point B of a circle with centre ‘O’., two tangents BC, BD are drawn
such that ∠DBC = 120°, prove that

BC + BD = BO, i.e., BO = 2BC

Sol. Given: A circle with centre O.

Tangents BC and BD are drawn from an external point B such that ∠DBC = 120°

To prove: BC + BD = BO, i.e., BO = 2BC

Construction: Join OB, OC and OD.

Proof: In ΔOBC and ΔOBD, we have

OB = OB [Common]

OC = OD [Raddi of same circle]

BC = BD [Tangents from an external point are equal in length] …(i)

∴ ΔOBC ≅ ΔOBD [By SSS criterion of congruence]

⇒ ∠OBC = ∠OBD (CPCT)

∴ ∠OBC = ∠DBC = × 120° [∵ ∠CBD = 120° given]

⇒ ∠OBC = 60°

OC and BC are radius and tangent respectively at contact point C.

So, ∠OCB = 90°

Now, in right angle ΔOCB, ∠OBC = 60°

∴ cos 60° =

⇒ OB = 2BC
Hence, proved (ii) part,

⇒ OB = BC + BC

⇒ OB = BC + BD [∵ BC = BD from (i)]

Hence, proved.

4. Prove that the centre of a circle touching two intersecting lines lies on the angle
bisector of the lines.

Sol. Given: Two intersecting lines AT and BT intersect at T.

A circle with centre O touches the above lines at A and B.

To prove: OT bisects the ∠ATB.

Construction: Join OA and OB.

Proof: OA is radius and AT is tangent at A.

∴ ∠OAT = 90°

Similarly, ∠OBT = 90°

In ΔOTA and ΔOTB, we have

∠OAT = ∠OBT = 90°

OT = OT [Common]

OA = OB [Radii of same circle]

∴ ΔOTA ≅ ΔOTB [By RHS criterion of congruence]

⇒ ∠OTA = ∠OTB [CPCT]

⇒ Centre of circle ‘O’ lies on the angle bisector of ∠ATB.

Hence, proved.

5. In the given figure, AB and CD are common tangents to two circles of unequal radii.
Prove that AB = CD.

Sol. Given: Circles C1 and C2 of radii r1 and r2 respectively and r1 < r2.

AB and CD are two common tangents.

To prove: AB = CD

Construction: Produce AB and CD upto P where both tangents meet.

Proof: Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal.

For circle C1, PB = PD …(i)

and the circle C2, PA = PC …(ii)

Subtracting (i) from (ii), we have

PA – PB = PC – PD
⇒ AB = CD.

Hence, proved.

6. In Question 5 above, if radii of the two circles are equal, prove that AB = CD.

Sol. Given: Two circles of equal radii, two common tangents, AB and CD on circles C1 and C2.

To prove: AB = CD

Construction: Join O1A, O1C and O2B and O2D. Also join O1O2.

proof: Since tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius to the point of
contact.

∴ ∠O1AB = ∠O2BA = 90°

As O1A = O2B, so O1ABO2 is a rectangle

Since opposite sides of a rectangle are equal,

∴ AB = O1​O2 …(i)

Similarly, we can prove that O1CDO2 is a rectangle.

∴ O1O2 = CD …(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get

AB = CD.

Hence, proved.

7. In the given figure, common tangent AB and CD to two circles intersect at E. Prove
that AB = CD.

Sol. Given: Two non-intersecting circles are shown in the figure. Two intersecting tangents
AB and CD intersect at E. E point is between the circles and outside also.

To prove: AB = CD

Proof: We know that tangents drawn from an external point (E) to a circle are equal. Point E
is outside of both the circles.

So, EA = EC …(i)

EB = ED …(ii)

⇒ EA + EB = EC + ED [Adding (i) and (ii)]

⇒ AB = CD

Hence, proved.

8. A chord PQ of a circle is parallel to the tangent drawn at a point R of the circle. Prove
that R bisects the arc PRQ.

Sol. Given: In a circle a chord PQ and a tangent MRN at R such that QP || MRN
To prove: R bisects the arc PRQ.

Construction: Join RP and RQ.

Proof: Chord RP subtends ∠1 with tangent MN and ∠2 in alternates segment of circle so ∠1

= ∠2.

MRN || PQ

∴ ∠1 = ∠3 [Alternate interior angles]

⇒ ∠2 = ∠3

⇒ PR = RQ [Sides opp. to equal ∠s in ΔRPQ]

∵ Equal chords subtend equal arcs in a circle so

arc PR = arc RQ

or R bisect the arc PRQ. Hence, proved.

9. Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a chord of a circle make equal angles
with the chord.

Sol. Given: A chord AB of a circle, tangents AP and BP of A and B respectively are drawn.

To prove: ∠PAB = ∠PBA

Proof: We know that tangents drawn from an external point P to a circle are equal so PA =
PB.

⇒ ∠2 = ∠1 [Angle opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal]

Hence, tangents PA and PB make equal angles with chord AB.

Hence, proved.

10. Prove that a diameter AB of a circle bisects all those chords which are parallel to the
tangent at the point A.

Sol. Given: A circle with centre O and AOB is diameter.

CAD is a tangent at A. Chord EF || tangent CAD

To prove: AB bisects any chord EF || CAD.

Proof: OA radius is perpendicular to tangent CAD.

∴ ∠1 = 90°

CAD || EF [Given]

∴ ∠1 = ∠2 = 90° [alternate interior angles]

Point M is on diameter which passes through centre O.

∵ Perpendicular drawn from centre to chord bisect the chord.

Hence, AB bisect any chord EF || CAD.

 EXERCISE 9.4

1. If a hexagon ABCDEF circumscribe a circle, then prove that

AB + CD + EF = BC + DE + FA

Sol. Given: A circle inscribed in a hexagon ABCDEF.

Sides, AB, BC, CD, DE and DF touches the circle at P, Q, R, S, T and U respectively.

To prove: AB + CD + EF = BC + DE + FA

Proof: We know that tangents from an external F point to a circle are equal.

Here, vertices of hexagon are outside the circle so

AP = AU

BP = BQ

CQ = CR

DR = DS

ES = ET

FT = FU

LHS = AB + CD + EF = (AP + BP) + (DR + CR) + (ET + TF)

By using above results, we have

1 / 18
LHS = AB + CD + EF = AU + BQ + DS + CQ + ES + FU

= AU + FU + BQ + CQ + DS + ES

= AF + BC + DE.

Hence, proved.

2. Let s denotes the semi-perimeter of ΔABC in which BC = a, CA = b, AB = c. If a circle

touches the sides BC, CA, AB at D, E, F respectively, prove that BD = s – b.

Sol. Given: A circle inscribed in ΔABC touches the sides BC, CA and AB at D, E, F respectively.

To prove: BD = s – b

Proof: Tangents drawn from an external point to the circle are equal. Vertices of ΔABC are in
the exterior of circle. So,

AF = AE = x

BF = BD = y

CD = CE = z

Now, AB + BC + CA = c +a + b

⇒ AF + BF + BD + DC + AE + CE = a + b + c

⇒x+y+y+z+x+z=a+b+c

⇒ 2x + 2y + 2y = a + b + c

⇒ 2(x + y + z) = a + b + c

2 / 18
⇒x+y+z=

⇒ x + y + z = s [Given]

⇒ y = s – (x + z)

⇒y=s–x–z

⇒ y = s – (AE + EC)

⇒ = s – AC

⇒ BD = s – b

Hence, proved.

3. From an external point P, two tangents PA and PB are drawn to a circle with centre O.
At one point E on the circle tangent is drawn which intersects PA and PB at C and D
respectively. If PA = 10 cm, find the perimeter of ΔPCD.

Sol. Given: A circle with centre O. PA, PB are tangents from an external point P. A tangent CD
at E intersect AP and PB at C and D respectively.

To find: Perimeter of ΔPCD.

Method: Tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

∴ PA = PB = 10 cm [Given]

CA = CE

DE = DB

3 / 18
Perimeter of ΔPCD = PC + PD + CD

= PC + PD + CE + DE

= PC + CE + PD + DE

= PC + CA + PD + DB

= PA + PB

= 10 + 10 = 20 cm

∴ Perimeter of ΔPCD = 20 cm.

4. If AB is a chord of a circle with centre O. AOC is a diameter and AT is the tangent at A

as shown in figure. Prove that ∠BAT = ∠ACB.

Sol. Given: Chord AB, diameter AOC and tangents at A of a circle with centre O.

To prove: ∠BAT = ∠ACB

Proof: Radius OA and tangent AT at A are perpendicular.

∴ ∠OAT = 90° (radius at the point of contact of tangent is perpendicular)

⇒ ∠BAT = 90° - ∠BAC...(i)

AOC is diameter.

∴ ∠B = 90°

⇒ ∠C + ∠BAC = 90°

⇒ ∠C = 90° - ∠BAC …(ii)

4 / 18
From (i) and (ii), we get

∠BAT = ∠ACB. Hence, proved.

5. Two circle with centres O and O’ of radii 3 cm and 4 cm, respectively intersect at two
points P and Q, such that OP and O’P are tangents to the circles. Find the length of
common chord PQ.

Sol. PO’ is tangent on circle C1 at P. OP is tangent on circle C2 at P. As radius OP and tangent

PO’ are at a point of contact P

∴ ∠P = 90°

So, by Pythagoras theorem in right angled ΔOPO’

OO’2 = OP2 + PO’2 = 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25 cm

⇒ OO’ = 5 cm

ΔOO’P ≅ ΔOO’Q [By SSS criterion of congruence]

⇒ ∠1 = ∠2

ΔO’NP ≅ ΔO’NQ [By SAS criterion of congruence]

⇒ ∠3 = ∠O’NQ [CPCT]

⇒ ∠3 = ∠O’NQ = 90° [Linear Pair axiom]

Let ON = y, then NO’ = (5 – y)

Let PN = x

By Pythagoras theorem in ΔPNO and ΔPNO’, we have

5 / 18
⇒ y = 1.8

But, x2 + y2 = 32 [From (i)]

⇒ x2 + (1.8)2 = 32

⇒ x2 = 9 – 3.24

⇒ x2 = 5.76

⇒ x = 2.4

∴ The perpendicular drawn from the centre bisects the chord.

∴ PQ = 2PN = 2x

= 2 × 2.4

⇒ PQ = 4.8 cm

6. In a right triangle ABC in which ∠B = 90°, a circle is drawn with AB as diameter

intersecting the hypotenuse AC at P. Prove that the tangent to the circle at P bisects BC.

Sol. Given: ΔABC in which ∠B = 90°

Circle with diameter AB intersect the hypotenuse AC at P.

A tangent SPQ at P is drawn to meet BC at Q.

6 / 18
To prove: Q is mid point of BC.

Construction: Join PB.

Proof: SPQ is tangent and AP is chord at contact point P.

∴ ∠2 = ∠3 [Angles in alternate segment of circle]

∠2 = ∠1 [Vertically opposite angles]

∠3 = ∠1 …(i) [From above two relations]

∠ABC = 90° [Given]

OB is radius so, BC will be tangent at B.

∴ ∠3 = 90° - ∠4 …(ii)

∠APB = 90° [∠ in a semi circle]

⇒ ∠C = 90° - ∠4....(iii)

From (ii) and (iii), ∠C = ∠3

Using (i), ∠C = ∠1

⇒ CQ = QP …(iv) [Sides opp. to = ∠s in ΔQPC]

∠4 = 90° - ∠3 [From fig.]

∠5 = 90° - ∠1

∠3 = ∠1

∴ ∠4 = ∠5

⇒ PQ = BQ …(v) [Sides opp. to equal angles in ΔQPB]

From (iv) and (v),

BQ = CQ

7 / 18
Therefore, Q is mid-point of BC. Hence, proved.

7. In the given figure, tangents PQ and PR are drawn to a circle such that ∠RPQ = 30°. A
chord RS is drawn parallel to tangent PQ. Find the ∠RQS.

Hint: Draw a line through Q and perpendicular to QP.]

Sol. In ΔPRQ, PQ and PR are tangents from an external point P to circle.

∴ PR = PQ

⇒ ∠PRQ = ∠PQR [∠s opp. to equal sides in ΔPRQ are equal]

∠PRQ + ∠PQR + ∠RPQ = 180° [Int. ∠s of Δ]

⇒ ∠PRQ + ∠PRQ + 30° = 180°

⇒ 2 ∠PRQ = 180° - 30°

⇒ ∠PRQ =

∴ ∠PRQ= ∠PQR = 75°

Tangent PQ || SR [Given]

∴ ∠PQR = ∠SRQ = 75° [Alternate segment of circle]

PQ is tangent at Q and QR is chord at Q.

∴ ∠RSQ = ∠PQR = 75° [∠RSQ in alternate segment of circle]

In ΔSRQ,

8 / 18
∠RSQ + ∠SRQ + ∠SQR = 180° [Angle sum property of a triangle]

⇒ 75° + 75° + ∠SQR = 180°

⇒ ∠SQR = 180° - 150°

⇒ ∠SQR = 30°

8. AB is a diameter and AC is chord of a circle with centre O such that ∠BAC = 30°. The
tangent at C intersects extended AB at a point D. Prove that BC = BD.

Sol. Given: A circle with centre O. A tangent CD at C.

Diameter AB is produced to D.

BC and AC chords are joined, ∠BAC = 30°

To prove: BC = BD

Proof: DC is tangent at C and, CB is chord at C.

∴ ∠DCB = ∠BAC [∠s in alternate segment of a circle]

⇒ ∠DCB = 30° …(i) [∵ ∠BAC = 30° (Given)]

AOB is diameter. [Given]

∴ ∠BCA = 90° [Angle in s semi circle]

∴ ∠ABC = 180° - 90° - 30° = 60°

In ΔBDC,

Exterior ∠B = ∠D + ∠BCD

⇒ 60° = ∠D + 30°

9 / 18
⇒ ∠D = 30° …(ii)

∴ ∠DCB = ∠D = 30° [From (i), (ii)]

⇒ BD = BC [∵ Sides opposite to equal angles are equal in a triangle]

Hence, proved.

9. Prove that the tangent drawn at the mid-point of an arc of a circle is parallel to the
chord joining the end points of the arc.

Sol. Given: arc BAC in which A is mid point of arc BAC.

PAQ is tangent at A.

|To prove: BC || PAQ

Proof: PAQ is tangent and CAB is an arc at contact point A.

∴ ∠CAQ = ∠B …(i) [Angle in alternate segment of a circle]

A is mid point of arc BAC.

∴ min. arc AB = min. arc AC

⇒ Chord AB = Chord AC [Equal arcs subtend equal chords]

⇒ ∠C = ∠B …(ii) [Angles opp. to equal sides in ΔABC are equal]

⇒ ∠C = ∠CAQ [From (i) and (ii)]

These are alternate interior angles and are equal.

∴ BC || PAQ.

10 / 18
Hence, proved.

10. In the given figure, the common tangents, AB and CD to two circles with centres O
and O’ intersects at E. Prove that the point O, E and O’ are collinear.

Sol. Given: Two circles (non intersecting) with their centres O and O’.

Two common tangents AB and CD intersect at E between the circles.

To prove: O, E, O’ points are collinear.

Construction: Join OA, OC O’D, O’B and EO and EO’

Proof: In ΔAEO and ΔCEO,

OE = OE [Common]

OA = OC [Radii of same circle]

EA = EC [Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal in length]

∴ ∠OEA ≅ ∠OEC [By SSS criterion of congruence]

⇒ ∠OEA = ∠OEC [CPCT]

∴ ∠1 = ∠2 [CPCT]

Similarly, ∠5 = ∠6

and ∠3 = ∠4 [Vertically opposite angles]

11 / 18
Since sum of angles at a point = 360°

∴ ∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 + ∠4 + ∠5 + ∠6 = 360°

⇒ 2(∠1 + ∠3 + ∠5) = 360°

⇒ ∠1 + ∠3 + ∠5 = 180°

⇒ ∠OEO’ = 180°

∴ OEO’ is a straight line.

Hence, O, E and O’ are collinear.

11. In the given figure, O is the centre of a circle of radius 5 cm. T is a point such that OT
= 13 cm and OT intersects the circle at E. If AB is the tangent to the circle at E, find the
length of AB.

Sol. OP = OQ = 5 cm

OT = 13 cm

OP and PT are radius and tangent respectively at contact point P.

∴ ∠OPT = 90°

So, by Pythagoras theorem, in right angled ΔOPT,

PT2 = OT2 – OP2 = 132 – 52 = 169 – 25 = 144

⇒ PT = 12 cm.

AP and AE are two tangents from an external point A to a circle.

∴ AP = AE

12 / 18
AEB is tangent and OE is radius at contact point E.

So, AB ⊥ OT …(i)

So, by Pythagoras theorem, in right angled. ΔAET,

AE2 = AT2 – ET2

⇒ AE2 = (PT – PA)​2 – [TO – OE]2

= (12 – AE)2 – (13 – 5)2

⇒ AE2 = (12)2 + (AE)2 – 2(12) (AE) – (8)2

⇒ AE2 – AE2 + 24AE = 144 – 64

⇒ 24AE = 80

⇒ AE = cm

⇒ AE = cm

In ΔTPO and ΔTQO,

OT = OT [Common]

PT = QT [Tangents from T]

OP = OQ [Radii of same circle]

∴ ΔTPO ≅ ΔTQO [By SSS criterion of congruence]

⇒ ∠1 = ∠2 …(ii) [CPCT]

13 / 18
In ΔETA and ΔETB,

ET = ET [Common]

∠TEA = ∠TEB = 90°[From (i)]

∠1 = ∠2 [CPCT] [From (ii)]

∴ ΔETA ≅ ΔETB [By ASA criterion of congruence]

⇒ AE = BE [CPCT]

⇒ AB = 2AE = 2 ×

⇒ AB = cm.

Hence, the required length is cm.

12. The tangent at a point C of a circle and a diameter AB when extended intersect at P.
If ∠PCA = 110°, find ∠CBA.

[Hint: Join C with centre O].

Sol. OC and CP are radius and tangent respectively at contact point C.

So, ∠OCP = 90°

∠OCA = ∠ACP - ∠OCP

⇒ ∠OCA = 110° - 90°

14 / 18
⇒ ∠OCA = 20°

In ΔOAC,

OA = OC [Radii of same circle]

∴ ∠OCA = ∠A = 20° [∵ Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]

CP and CB are tangent and chord of a circle.

∴ ∠CBP = ∠A [Angles in alternate segments are equal]

In ΔCAP,

∠P + ∠A + ∠ACP = 180° [Angled sum property of a triangle]

⇒ ∠P + 20° + 110° = 180°

⇒ ∠P = 180° - 130°

⇒ ∠P = 50°

In ΔBPC,

Exterior angle ∠CBA = ∠P + ∠BCP

⇒ ∠CBP = 50° + 20°

⇒ ∠CBP = 70°

13. If an isosceles ΔABC in which AB = AC = 6 cm is inscribed in a circle of radius 9 cm,

find the area of the triangle.

Sol. In figure, ΔABC has AB = AC = 6 cm.

15 / 18
In ΔOAB and ΔOAC,

AB = AC [Given]

OA = OA [Common]

OB = OC [Radii of same circle]

∴ ΔOAB ≅ΔOAC [By sss criterion of congruence]

⇒ ∠1=∠2 [CPCT]

In ΔAMC and ΔAMB,

∠1=∠2 [Proved above]

AM=AM [Common]

∴ ΔAMB ≅ ΔAMC [By SAS criterion of congruence]

⇒ ∠AMB = ∠AMC = 90° [CPCT and Linear pair axiom]

Now, Area of ΔABC = BC × AM

Let BM = x and AM = y,

then MO = OA – AM

⇒ MO = OA – AM

⇒ MO = 9 – y

In right angled ΔBMA and ΔBMO,

x2 + y2 = 62 …(i) [By Pythagoras theorem]

x2 + (9 – y)2 = 92

16 / 18
Now, subtract (i) from (ii)

⇒y=

⇒ y = 2 cm

⇒ AM = 2 cm

But, x2 + y2 = 36 [From (i)]

⇒ x2 + (-2) = 36

⇒ x2 – 36 – 4 = 32

⇒x= cm

∴ BC = 2x = 2 × cm (∵ Perpendicular from centre to chord bisects the chord)

∴ Area of ΔABC = ×2×

⇒ Area of ΔABC = cm2

14. A is a point at a distance 13 cm from the centre ‘O’ of a circle of radius 5 cm. AP and
AQ are the tangents to circle at P and Q. If a tangent BC is drawn at point R lying on

17 / 18
minor arc PQ to intersect AP at B AQ at C. Find the perimeter of ΔABC.

Sol. OA = 13 cm

OP = OQ = 5 cm

OP and PA are radius and tangent respectively at contact point P.

∴ ∠OPA = 90°

In right angled ΔOPA by Pythagoras theorem

PA2 = OA2 – OP2 = 132 – 52 = 169 – 25 = 144

⇒ PA = 12 cm

Points A, B and C are exterior to the circle and tangents drawn from an external point to a
circle are equal so

PA = QA

BP = BR

CR = CQ

Perimeter of ΔABC = AB + BC + AC

= AB + BR + RC + AC [From figure]

= AB + BP + CQ + AC = AP + AQ

= AP + AP = 2AP = 2 × 12 = 24 cm

So, the perimeter of ΔABC = 24 cm.

18 / 18