Mathematics Department
Dr. Hasan Ibrahim
Dr. Mohamed Salman
Dr. Rami Younes
Spring 2022
Math 203
Worksheet 8
Matrix Algebra
1. Suppose that A, B, C, D, and E are matrices with the following sizes:
A B C D E
(4 ⇥ 5) (4 ⇥ 5) (5 ⇥ 2) (4 ⇥ 2) (5 ⇥ 4)
In each of the following cases determine whether the given matrix expression is defined.
For those defined, give the size of the resulting matrix.
(a) BA (c) AE + B (e) E(A + B) (g) E T A
(b) AC + D (d) AB + B (f) E(AC) (h) AT + E D
2. Consider the matrices
2 3 3 2 2 3
3 0 1 5 2 6 1 3
4 1 1 4 2
A = 4 1 25, B = , C= , D = 4 1 0 15 , E = 4 1 1 25
0 2 3 1 5
1 1 3 2 4 4 1 3
Compute each of the following expressions. You may wish to simplify some expressions
before computing them.
(a) 3(D + 2E) (d) AB (g) DT E T (ED)T
(b) (2D E)T (e) (CD)E (h) ( AC)T + 5DT
(c) (2E T + 3DT )T (f) C(BA) (i) (BAT 2C)T
2 1 1 2
3. Find A and B if 3A 2B = and 4A + B = .
1 1 4 3
4. A square matrix M is said to be skew symmetric if M T = M . For any squre matrix A:
(a) Show that A + AT is symmetric and A AT is skew symmetric.
(b) Show that A can be written as the sum of symmetric and skew symmetric matrices.
5. In each of the following cases, find a 4 ⇥ 4 matrix [aij ] that satisfies the stated condition.
1
(a) aij = i + j (c) aij = 0 if i > j
(b) aij = 0 if i 6= j (d) aij = 0 if |i j| < 1
6. (a) Find nonzero matrices A and B such that AB = 0.
(b) Find nonzero matrices A, B and C such that AC = BC and A 6= B.
(c) Under what condition would the matrix equation AC = BC necessarily imply that
A = B.
(d) Is (A + B)2 = A2 + 2AB + B 2 a valid identity for all square matrices of equal size?
If not, explain when it is necessarily true?
7. Let
" 1 1
#
2 2
A= 1 1
.
2 2
Compute A2 and A3 . What will An turn out to be?
8. Let
2 1 1 1 1
3
2 2 2 2
6 7
6 1 1 1 17
6 2 2 2 27
A=6 7.
6 1 1 1 17
4 2 2 2 25
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
Compute A2 and A3 . What will A2n and A2n+1 turn out to be?
9. Let A, B, and C be n ⇥ n matrices.
(a) Show that tr(ABC) = tr(BCA) = tr(CAB).
(b) Find tr(BAB 1 ), if tr(A) = 2 and B nonsingular.
10. Let A and S be two n ⇥ n matrices with S symmetric and A skew symmetric. Show that
tr(SA) = 0.
T
11. Show that if A is a nonsingular matrix then AT is also nonsingular and (AT ) 1
= (A 1 ) .
12. (a) Assuming that all matrices are n ⇥ n and invertible, simplify
1
(AB) 1 (AC 1
) (D 1 C 1
) D 1
(b) Assuming that all matrices are n ⇥ n and invertible, solve for D where
C T B 1 A2 C 1
DA 2 C 2
= In
2 3
1 0 2
13. Let A = 40 1 15. Calculate A3 A then deduce that A is invertible and determine
1 2 0
1
A .
2
Determinants
a b c
14. Given that d e f = 6 find
g h i
d e f 3a 3b 3c a+g b+h c+i
(a) g h i (b) d e f (c) 4g 4h 4i
a b c 4g 4h 4i 2d 2e 2f
15. Evaluate each of the following determinants.
a b c 0 4 1 5 4 7 0 0
(a) c a b 4 0 3 2 2 8 0 0
(b) (c)
b a c 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 5
5 2 1 0 0 0 2 2
1 x x2
16. Solve the following equation, 1 1 1 = 0.
1 3 9
17. Show that for all n ⇥ n matrix, det(kA) = k n det(A).
18. Show that if a square matrix A is nonsingular then det(A) 6= 0 and
1
det(A 1 ) = .
det(A)
8
>
<ax + by 3z = 3
19. How should the coefficients a, b and c be chosen: 2x by + cz = 1.
>
:
ax + 3y cz = 3
if the system were to have the solution x = 1, y = 1, and z = 2?
20. Use Cramer’s rule to solve the following systems
8 8 8 p
>
< x y + z = 0 >
< x y+z =0 >
< xy 2 y + 3yz = 8
p
(a) x + 3y + z = 5 (b) x + 3y + z = 5 (c) 2xy 3 y + 2yz = 7
>
: >
: >
: p
x+y+z =2 3x y z = 2 xy + y + 2yz = 4
