ASPHALT MIXTURE WITH GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL (POMACEA

CANALICULATA) SHELLS AS BIOFILLER

KENNETH JHON C. TENIZO

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

JUNE 2025
 ASPHALT MIXTURE WITH GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL (POMACEA
CANALICULATA) SHELLS AS BIOFILLER

KENNETH JHON C. TENIZO

Thesis Manuscript Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering,

College of Engineering and Information Technology, University
of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial
Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

JUNE 2025
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Conceptual Framework 5

2 Collecting of GAS 20

3 Extracting the flesh of GAS 21

20

4 Drying of GAS 21

5 Burning of GAS 21

6 Pulverizing of GAS 21

7 Sieving of GAS 21

8 Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) Determination 22

9 Heating of Aggregates and Bitumen 22

10 Sieving of Aggregates 23

11 Weighing of Aggregates 23

12 Batch Weighing of Aggregates 24

13 Batch-weighed Aggregates for Asphalt Mix Design 24

14 Preheating of Bitumen 25

15 Samples for OBC Determination 27

16 Specimen Mold Assembly (ASTM D 1559-76) 28

17 Compacted Test Specimen (ASTM 1559-76) 29

18 Compaction of Asphalt Mixture using 30

Compaction Hammer

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19 Extraction of Sample Using Asphalt 30
Sample Extruder

20 Measuring the Height of Samples 31

21 Specific Gravity Testing of Sample Aggregates 32

22 Determining the Asphalt Sample’s Dry Weight 33

23 Determining the Asphalt Sample’s 33

Submerged Weight

24 Determining the Asphalt Sample’s 33

Saturated Surface Dry (SSD) Weight

25 Marshall Testing of Samples 34

26 GAS Asphalt Mixture Samples 34

27 Graph of the Marshall Stability of the 37

Different Treatment

28 Graph of the Marshall Flow of the 40

Different Treatment

29 Graph of the Air Void Content of the 42

Different Treatment

xiii
R Summary of Grading/Sieve Analysis 69
S Aggregates Blend Mix Design 70
T Specific Gravity and Absorption Test on Coarse 71
Aggregates (3/4" Passing)
U Specific Gravity and Absorption Test on Coarse 72
Aggregates (3/8" Passing)
V Specific Gravity and Absorption Test on Fine 73
Aggregates
W Specific Gravity and Absorption Test on Filler 74
X Specific Gravity and Absorption Test on GAS 75
Shells
Y Marshall Stability Test Result for Determination 76
of Optimum Asphalt Content at 5.0% to 5.5%
Asphalt Content
Z Marshall Stability Test Result for Determination 77
of Optimum Asphalt Content at 6.0% to 6.5%
Asphalt Content
AA Marshall Stability Test Result for Determination 78
of Optimum Asphalt Content at 7.0% Asphalt
Content
AB Marshall Stability Test Summary for the 79
Determination of Optimum Bitumen Content
(OBC)
AC Test Property Curve Summary for Determination 80
of Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC)
AD Laboratory Trial Mixes with Additives 81
AE Marshall Test Results of Control Specimen 82
(0% GAS Shells)
AF Marshall Test Results of Treatment 1 83
(10% GAS Shells)

xv
AG Marshall Test Results of Treatment 2 84
(20% GAS Shells)
AH Marshall Test Results of Treatment 3 85
(50% GAS Shells)
AI Marshall Test Results of Treatment 4 86
(100% GAS Shells)
AJ Analysis of Variance for the Results of Marshall 87
Stability
AK Analysis of Variance for the Results of Marshall 88
Flow
AL Analysis of Variance for the Results of Air Void 89
Content
AM ASTM D6927- Standard Test Method for 90
Marshall Stability and Flow of Asphalt Mixtures
AN ASTM D3203 – Standard Test Method for 95
Percent Air Voids in compacted Dense and
Open Bituminous Paving Mixtures.

xvi
 This finding has important implications for material selection in asphalt

production, indicating fillers like GAS shell do not necessarily enhance the

mechanical properties or air void characteristics of asphalt mixtures under the

conditions tested. Thus, this study recommends that the asphalt producers

continue to prioritize traditional fillers for optimal mechanical properties and air

void characteristics in their mixtures. Additionally, future studies should focus on

alternative performance metrics such as long-term performance and resistance

to aging, as well as exploring the effects of aggregate compositions and the

impact of compaction effort. This multifaceted approach will provide valuable

insights and help determine the viability of GAS shells as a sustainable

alternative to traditional fillers.

Keywords: Asphalt Filler, Asphalt Mixture, Golden Apple Snail Shells,

Limestone, Optimum Bitumen Content

xviii
 36

Research Design

The study used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) as

experimental research design. The Table 1 showed the mix proportions used in

the study, with five (5) treatments representing each method and three (3)

replications similarly for each method.

Table 1. Mix Proportions

Aggregates Component
(% of Total Aggregates)
Total Bitumen
Method Coarse Aggregates Content
(Wt) (%)
Fine Filler GAS Shells
3/4” 3/8”

Control 34.0 46.0 12.0 8.0 0.0 1200g 5.90

Treatment 1 34.0 46.0 12.0 7.20 10.0 1200g 5.90

Treatment 2 34.0 46.0 12.0 6.40 20.0 1200g 5.90

Treatment 3 34.0 46.0 12.0 4.0 50.0 1200g 5.90

Treatment 4 34.0 46.0 12.0 0.0 100.0 1200g 5.90

Statistical Analysis

The data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to

determine if there was a significant difference among the means of the methods.

Subsequently, the significance of means was examined using Tukey’s Test.

 57

Appendix F. Gradation Ranges – Hot Plant Mix Bituminous Pavements

(Mass Percent Passing Square Sieve, AASHTO T11 and T27)

Table 1. Table of Gradation Ranges – Hot Plant Mix (Courtesy to Provincial

Engineering Office of Isulan, Sultan Kudarat)
Sieve GRADING
Designation A B C D E F G
(mm)
37.5 (1-1/2
100 - - - - - -
inch)
25 (1 inch) 95-100 100 100 - - - -

19 (3/4 inch) 75-95 95-100 95-100 100 - 100 -

12.5 (1/2
- 68-86 68-86 95-100 100 - 100
inch)
9.5 (3/8 inch) 54-75 56-78 56-78 74-92 95-100 - 95-100

4.75 (No. 4) 36-58 38-60 38—60 48-70 75-90 45-65 30-50

1.18 (No. 16) - 18-37 18-37 22-40 38-58 - -

0.600
11-28 11-28 13-28 15-30 22-42 - -
(No.30)
0.300
- 6-20 9-20 10-20 11-28 10-20 -
(No.50)
0.075 (No. 0-8 0-8 4-8 4-9 2-10 3-8 2-5
200)