English Explanation

The image illustrates the three primary stages in the evolution of application deployment:
Traditional Deployment, Virtualized Deployment, and Container Deployment.

1. Traditional Deployment (Leftmost section):

• Analogy: Imagine a physical library where each book (application) has its own
dedicated shelf (server). It's isolated, but it takes up a lot of space and resources.
• Components:
o Hardware: The physical server machine (like the library building itself).
o Operating System (OS): The foundation software that manages the hardware
(like the library staff that organizes the building). Examples include Windows
Server, Linux (CentOS, Ubuntu), etc.
o Application (App): The software you want to run (like a book in the library).
o Bin/Libraries: The dependencies that the application needs to run (like the
knowledge and information within the book).
• How it works: Each application resides on its own dedicated server with its own OS
and necessary libraries. This leads to resource wastage and management overhead.

2. Virtualized Deployment (Middle section):

• Analogy: Now, imagine the library gets smarter and uses modular shelves. One large
shelf can be divided into sections, and each section can hold a different book
(application). This is more efficient in space utilization.
• Components:
o Hardware: The physical server machine (library building).
o Operating System (OS): The base OS on the hardware (library staff).
o Hypervisor: A software layer that allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to
run on the same hardware (like the shelf organizer that creates and manages
the sections). Examples include VMware vSphere, Microsoft Hyper-V, Oracle
VM.
 o Virtual Machine (VM): A self-contained software environment that emulates
a physical computer (a section on the shelf). Each VM has its own OS,
application, and libraries.
o App, Bin/Libraries: Same as in traditional deployment but now residing
within a VM.
• How it works: The hypervisor creates and manages VMs, each of which can run a
different operating system and application, sharing the same underlying hardware.
This improves resource utilization and management.

3. Container Deployment (Rightmost section):

• Analogy: Think of the library as using standardized containers to store books

(applications). These containers are lightweight and can be easily moved around.
They share the same underlying structure (library layout) but are organized
independently.
• Components:
o Hardware: The physical server machine (library building).
o Operating System (OS): The base OS on the hardware (library staff).
o Container Runtime: Software that allows containers to run (like the system
that manages and moves the containers within the library). Examples include
Docker, CRI-O, LXC.
o Container: A lightweight, portable package that contains the application and
its dependencies (like a standardized book container). It shares the host OS
kernel.
o App, Bin/Libraries: Same as before but now packaged within a container.
• How it works: The container runtime manages containers that share the host OS
kernel but are isolated from each other. This is even more efficient than VMs in terms
of resource usage and portability.

Hinglish Explanation (with the same analogies):

1. Traditional Deployment (Seedha tarika):

• Socho ek physical library jahan har book (application) ke liye ek alag shelf
(server) hai. Alag hai, lekin jagah aur resources bahut lagte hain.
• Components:
o Hardware: Physical server machine (library ki building).
o Operating System (OS): Foundation software jo hardware manage karta hai
(library staff jo building organize karta hai). Examples: Windows Server,
Linux (CentOS, Ubuntu).
o Application (App): Software jo aap chalana chahte ho (book).
o Bin/Libraries: Dependencies jo application ko chalne ke liye chahiye (book
ke andar ka gyan).
• Kaise chalta hai: Har application apne alag server par rehta hai, apne OS aur libraries
ke saath. Isse resources ki barbadi aur management ka tension badhta hai.

2. Virtualized Deployment (Thoda smart tarika):

 • Ab socho library smart ho gayi hai aur modular shelves use karti hai. Ek bada
shelf sections mein divide ho sakta hai, aur har section mein alag book
(application) aa sakta hai. Yeh jagah ke hisab se zyada efficient hai.
• Components:
o Hardware: Physical server machine (library building).
o Operating System (OS): Base OS hardware par (library staff).
o Hypervisor: Ek software layer jo multiple virtual machines (VMs) ko same
hardware par chalne deta hai (shelf organizer jo sections manage karta hai).
Examples: VMware vSphere, Microsoft Hyper-V, Oracle VM.
o Virtual Machine (VM): Ek self-contained software environment jo physical
computer ko emulate karta hai (shelf ka ek section). Har VM ka apna OS,
application aur libraries hote hain.
o App, Bin/Libraries: Same as traditional, but VM ke andar.
• Kaise chalta hai: Hypervisor VMs create aur manage karta hai, jismein se har ek alag
operating system aur application chala sakta hai, same hardware share karte hue. Isse
resource utilization aur management improve hota hai.

3. Container Deployment (Sabse modern tarika):

• Socho library standardized containers use karti hai books (applications) store
karne ke liye. Yeh containers lightweight hote hain aur easily move kiye ja sakte
hain. Woh same underlying structure (library layout) share karte hain, lekin
alag organized hote hain.
• Components:
o Hardware: Physical server machine (library building).
o Operating System (OS): Base OS hardware par (library staff).
o Container Runtime: Software jo containers ko chalne deta hai (system jo
containers manage karta hai). Examples: Docker, CRI-O, LXC.
o Container: Ek lightweight, portable package jismein application aur uski
dependencies hoti hain (standardized book container). Yeh host OS kernel
share karta hai.
o App, Bin/Libraries: Same as before, but container ke andar.
• Kaise chalta hai: Container runtime containers manage karta hai jo host OS kernel
share karte hain, lekin ek dusre se isolated hote hain. Yeh VMs se bhi zyada efficient
hai resource usage aur portability ke mamle mein.
This image illustrates the three primary cloud computing service models: Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS), 1 compared to
the traditional On-Premises model.

1. books.google.com

books.google.com

1. On-Premises (Leftmost section):

• Analogy: Imagine you're building a house from scratch. You're responsible for
everything – buying the land, laying the foundation, building the walls, installing
plumbing and electricity, furnishing it, and maintaining it.
• Components: You manage everything: Networking, Storage, Servers, Virtualization,
Operating System (OS), Middleware, Runtime, Data, and Applications.
• Characteristics: Total control, but also total responsibility and higher costs.

2. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) (Second from left):

• Analogy: Now, imagine you're leasing the land and the basic structure of the house.
The landlord (cloud provider) provides the foundation, walls, roof, basic plumbing,
and electricity. You're responsible for furnishing it, installing appliances, painting,
and decorating (installing OS, middleware, runtime, applications, and managing data).
• Components: The cloud provider manages Networking, Storage, Servers, and
Virtualization. You manage the OS, Middleware, Runtime, Data, and Applications.
• Characteristics: More control than PaaS or SaaS, cost-effective compared to On-
Premises, but still requires significant management. Examples: Amazon Web Services
(AWS) EC2, Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines.
3. Platform as a Service (PaaS) (Second from right):

• Analogy: Imagine you're moving into an apartment. The landlord provides everything
– the building structure, plumbing, electricity, basic appliances. You just bring your
furniture and personal belongings (your applications and data).
• Components: The cloud provider manages Networking, Storage, Servers,
Virtualization, OS, Middleware, and Runtime. You manage the Data and
Applications.
• Characteristics: Less management overhead than IaaS, focus on development and
deployment, faster time to market. Examples: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Google App
Engine.

4. Software as a Service (SaaS) (Rightmost section):

• Analogy: Imagine subscribing to a fully furnished apartment with all services

included. You just move in with your suitcase. The landlord takes care of everything –
cleaning, maintenance, repairs (the cloud provider manages everything from
infrastructure to applications).
• Components: The cloud provider manages everything: Networking, Storage, Servers,
Virtualization, OS, Middleware, Runtime, Data, and Applications. You are just a user
of the application.
• Characteristics: Least management overhead, access to ready-to-use software, pay-
as-you-go model. Examples: Salesforce, Gmail, Google Drive.

Hinglish Explanation (with the same analogies):

1. On-Premises (Khud ka sab kuch):

• Socho aap ek ghar bana rahe ho shuru se. Aap sab kuch ke liye responsible ho –
zameen khareedna, foundation banana, deewarein banana, plumbing aur
electricity lagana, furniture lagana, aur maintenance karna.
• Components: Aap sab kuch manage karte ho: Networking, Storage, Servers,
Virtualization, OS, Middleware, Runtime, Data, aur Applications.
• Characteristics: Total control, lekin total responsibility aur zyada kharcha bhi.

2. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) (Basic cheezein kiraye pe):

• Ab socho aap zameen aur ghar ka basic structure kiraye pe le rahe ho. Malik
(cloud provider) foundation, deewarein, chhat, basic plumbing aur electricity
deta hai. Aapko furniture lagana hai, appliances lagane hain, painting karni hai
(OS, middleware, runtime, applications install karna hai aur data manage karna
hai).
• Components: Cloud provider Networking, Storage, Servers, aur Virtualization
manage karta hai. Aap OS, Middleware, Runtime, Data, aur Applications manage
karte ho.
• Characteristics: PaaS ya SaaS se zyada control, On-Premises se kam kharchila, lekin
phir bhi management zyada hai. Examples: AWS EC2, Microsoft Azure Virtual
Machines.

3. Platform as a Service (PaaS) (Bana banaya flat):

 • Socho aap ek apartment mein ja rahe ho. Malik sab kuch deta hai – building
structure, plumbing, electricity, basic appliances. Aap sirf apna furniture aur
saman late ho (applications aur data).
• Components: Cloud provider Networking, Storage, Servers, Virtualization, OS,
Middleware, aur Runtime manage karta hai. Aap Data aur Applications manage karte
ho.
• Characteristics: IaaS se kam management, development aur deployment pe focus,
jaldi market mein pahunchna. Examples: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Google App
Engine.

4. Software as a Service (SaaS) (Sab kuch included):

• Socho aap ek fully furnished apartment subscribe kar rahe ho, sab services ke
saath. Aap sirf apna suitcase lekar jaate ho. Malik sab kuch dekhta hai –
cleaning, maintenance, repairs (cloud provider infrastructure se applications tak
sab kuch manage karta hai).
• Components: Cloud provider sab kuch manage karta hai: Networking, Storage,
Servers, Virtualization, OS, Middleware, Runtime, Data, aur Applications. Aap sirf
application use karte ho.
• Characteristics: Sabse kam management, ready-to-use software, pay-as-you-go
model. Examples: Salesforce, Gmail, Google Drive.

English Explanation

This image illustrates four primary cloud deployment models: Private Cloud, Public Cloud,
Hybrid Cloud, and Multi-Cloud.

1. Private Cloud (Orange section):

• Analogy: Imagine having your own private power plant for your house. You control
everything – the type of generator, its maintenance, and distribution of electricity.
 • Characteristics:
o Exclusive use: Dedicated infrastructure for a single organization.
o On-premises or hosted: Can be located in your own data center or a hosted
private cloud environment.
o Greater control and security: You manage everything, allowing for high
customization and security.
o Higher cost and maintenance: You're responsible for all expenses and
upkeep.

2. Public Cloud (Gray section):

• Analogy: Now, imagine getting electricity from the public grid. You use the power
you need and pay for what you consume. The power company manages the
infrastructure and distribution.
• Characteristics:
o Shared infrastructure: Resources are shared among multiple tenants
(customers).
o Managed by provider: The cloud provider manages everything from
hardware to infrastructure.
o Scalable and cost-effective: Pay-as-you-go model and easy scalability.
o Less control and security: You have less control over the underlying
infrastructure and rely on the provider's security measures.

3. Hybrid Cloud (Blue section):

• Analogy: Imagine having a combination of both – a solar panel on your roof (private
cloud) and also taking electricity from the public grid (public cloud). You use your
solar power when available and rely on the grid when needed.
• Characteristics:
o Combination of private and public clouds: Workloads can be moved
between the two environments.
o Flexibility and scalability: Utilize the benefits of both models – security and
control of private cloud with the scalability and cost-effectiveness of the
public cloud.
o Complexity: Requires careful planning and management to integrate the two
environments seamlessly.

4. Multi-Cloud (Yellow section):

• Analogy: Imagine getting electricity from multiple providers (different power

companies). You can choose the best provider for your needs at different times or use
different providers for different purposes.
• Characteristics:
o Use of multiple public clouds: Leveraging services from different cloud
providers (e.g., AWS, Azure, GCP).
o Avoid vendor lock-in: Prevents dependency on a single cloud provider.
o Best-of-breed services: Choose the best services from each provider.
o Increased complexity: Managing multiple environments can be challenging.

Hinglish Explanation (with the same analogies):

1. Private Cloud (Khud ka power plant):

• Socho aapke paas apne ghar ke liye khud ka private power plant hai. Aap sab
kuch control karte ho – kis type ka generator, uska maintenance, aur electricity
ka distribution.
• Characteristics:
o Sirf aapke liye: Dedicated infrastructure sirf ek organization ke liye.
o Aapke premises mein ya hosted: Aapke data center mein ya hosted private
cloud environment mein ho sakta hai.
o Zyada control aur security: Aap sab kuch manage karte ho, jisse high
customization aur security milti hai.
o Zyada kharcha aur maintenance: Saara kharcha aur dekhbhal aapko karna
hota hai.

2. Public Cloud (Public grid se bijli):

• Ab socho aap public grid se electricity le rahe ho. Aap jitni bijli use karte ho,
utna hi pay karte ho. Power company infrastructure aur distribution manage
karti hai.
• Characteristics:
o Shared infrastructure: Resources multiple tenants (customers) ke beech
share hote hain.
o Provider dwara manage: Cloud provider hardware se infrastructure tak sab
kuch manage karta hai.
o Scalable aur cost-effective: Pay-as-you-go model aur easy scalability.
o Kam control aur security: Aapka underlying infrastructure pe kam control
hota hai aur provider ke security measures pe bharosa karna hota hai.

3. Hybrid Cloud (Combination):

• Socho aapke paas dono ka combination hai – aapke chhat pe solar panel (private
cloud) aur public grid se bhi bijli (public cloud). Aap apni solar power use karte
ho jab available hoti hai aur grid pe depend karte ho jab zarurat hoti hai.
• Characteristics:
o Private aur public cloud ka combination: Workloads dono environments ke
beech move kiye ja sakte hain.
o Flexibility aur scalability: Dono models ke benefits use karo – private cloud
ki security aur control aur public cloud ki scalability aur cost-effectiveness.
o Complexity: Dono environments ko seamlessly integrate karne ke liye careful
planning aur management chahiye.

4. Multi-Cloud (Multiple providers se bijli):

• Socho aap multiple providers se electricity le rahe ho (alag alag power

companies). Aap apni zarurat ke hisab se best provider choose kar sakte ho ya
alag alag purposes ke liye alag providers use kar sakte ho.
• Characteristics:
o Multiple public clouds ka use: Alag alag cloud providers (jaise AWS, Azure,
GCP) ki services use karna.
o Vendor lock-in se bachna: Kisi ek cloud provider pe depend nahi rehna.
 o Best-of-breed services: Har provider ki best services choose karna.
o Badhti complexity: Multiple environments manage karna challenging ho
sakta hai.

This image shows a side-by-side comparison of traditional IT infrastructure components and

their corresponding Amazon Web Services (AWS) equivalents.

1. Security:

• Traditional: Physical security measures, software firewalls (like Cisco IOS ACLs),
directory services (Active Directory, LDAP).
• AWS:
o Security Groups: Virtual firewalls that control inbound and outbound traffic
for EC2 instances (like software firewalls).
o Network ACLs (NACLs): Firewalls for subnets (like a broader network
firewall).
o Identity and Access Management (IAM): Controls user access to AWS
resources (like Active Directory/LDAP in the cloud).

2. Networking:

• Traditional: Physical network devices like switches, pipes (network

cables/connections), and routers.
• AWS:
o Amazon EC2: Virtual servers in the cloud (like physical servers).
o Elastic Load Balancing (ELB): Distributes traffic across multiple EC2
instances (like a load balancer).
o Virtual Private Cloud (VPC): Your own isolated network in the AWS cloud
(like having your own private network).

3. Servers:
 • Traditional: Physical servers.
• AWS:
o Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud): Virtual servers in the cloud.
o Amazon Machine Image (AMI): A template used to create EC2 instances
(like an OS installation file).
o EC2 Instances: The actual running virtual servers.

4. Storage & Database:

• Traditional: Storage systems like Direct Attached Storage (DAS), Storage Area
Network (SAN), Network Attached Storage (NAS), and Relational Database
Management Systems (RDBMS).
• AWS:
o Amazon Glacier: Low-cost archive storage (for data you don't need
immediately).
o Elastic Block Storage (EBS): Block storage for EC2 instances (like DAS or
SAN).
o Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service): Object storage for any type of data
(like NAS, but more scalable).
o Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS): Managed relational databases
(like your on-premises RDBMS).

What is EC2? (Elastic Compute Cloud)

Imagine EC2 as a virtual computer in the cloud. It's like renting a powerful computer from
Amazon, accessible over the internet. You get to choose the operating system (Windows,
Linux, etc.), the amount of processing power (CPU), memory (RAM), and storage. You have
complete control over this virtual machine, just like you would with a physical computer.

• Analogy: Think of it like renting a customizable office space. You decide how big
you want it, what kind of furniture you need (operating system, software), and how
many desks (CPU, RAM) you require. You pay for the space you use.
Key Features of EC2:

• Scalability: You can easily increase or decrease the size and number of your virtual
machines (instances) based on your needs. Need more power during peak hours? Spin
up more instances. Business slows down? Shut some down and save money.
• Flexibility: You have a wide choice of operating systems, instance types (optimized
for different workloads), and software.
• Control: You have root access (administrator privileges) to your instances, giving
you complete control over the software and configurations.
• Cost-effective: You pay only for the resources you use, and there are various pricing
models available (on-demand, reserved, spot instances) to optimize costs.

Example: Vehicle Showroom

Let's say you're opening a vehicle showroom. You need computers to manage inventory,
customer information, sales records, etc.

• Without EC2: You'd have to buy physical computers, install operating systems, and
manage everything yourself. If your business suddenly booms, you'd need to buy
more computers quickly.
• With EC2: You can rent virtual servers (EC2 instances) from AWS. You can choose
the appropriate instance types based on the workload (e.g., a powerful instance for the
database, smaller instances for sales terminals). If demand increases, you can easily
spin up more instances to handle the load.

What is EBS? (Elastic Block Storage)

EBS provides block storage volumes that you can attach to your EC2 instances. Think of it
like a hard drive for your virtual computer. It's where you store your operating system,
applications, and data.

• Analogy: Going back to the office space analogy, EBS is like the filing cabinets and
shelves in your office. They hold all your important documents (data).

Key Features of EBS:

• Persistent Storage: Data on EBS volumes persists even if you stop or terminate your
EC2 instance. This is crucial – you don't want to lose your data if your virtual
computer crashes!
• Variety of Volume Types: EBS offers different types of volumes optimized for
various performance needs (e.g., fast SSDs for databases, cheaper hard drives for
backups).
• Snapshots: You can create snapshots (point-in-time copies) of your EBS volumes,
which can be used for backups or to create new volumes. It's like taking a photocopy
of your filing cabinet.
• Encryption: You can encrypt your EBS volumes to protect your data at rest.

Example: Vehicle Showroom (continued)

In our vehicle showroom example:

 • EBS Usage: You would store your showroom's software (inventory management,
CRM) and data (customer records, sales transactions) on EBS volumes attached to
your EC2 instances.
• Snapshots: You could take regular snapshots of your EBS volumes to back up your
data, ensuring that you don't lose critical information.

The Relationship between EC2 and EBS

EC2 and EBS work hand-in-hand. EC2 provides the virtual computer, and EBS provides the
storage for that computer. Without EBS, your EC2 instance wouldn't have a place to store its
operating system, applications, or data.

In Simple Terms:

• EC2: The computer (virtual server)

• EBS: The hard drive for that computer (virtual storage)

The image shows a simplified representation of how an Elastic Load Balancer (ELB)
distributes incoming application traffic across multiple Amazon EC2 instances (virtual
servers).

What is an Elastic Load Balancer (ELB)?

Imagine you have a popular restaurant. During peak hours, a single waiter might be
overwhelmed. An ELB is like having a maitre d' or a hostess who directs incoming customers
(traffic) to different available waiters (EC2 instances) to ensure everyone is served efficiently
and no single waiter is overloaded.

Key Functions of an ELB:

 • Distributes Traffic: It spreads incoming requests across multiple EC2 instances,
preventing any single instance from being overwhelmed.
• High Availability: If one EC2 instance fails, the ELB automatically stops sending
traffic to it and redirects it to the healthy instances. This ensures your application
remains available even if some servers go down.
• Scalability: As your application's traffic grows, you can easily add more EC2
instances, and the ELB will automatically distribute the traffic across the new
instances.
• Health Checks: The ELB continuously monitors the health of your EC2 instances. If
an instance becomes unhealthy, it's removed from the pool of servers receiving traffic.

Analogy: The Restaurant Hostess

• Customers (Users): People trying to access your application.

• Waiters (EC2 Instances): The servers that host your application.
• Maitre D'/Hostess (ELB): The component that directs customers to available
waiters.

Example Scenarios:

1. Website Traffic: Imagine a website experiencing a surge in traffic during a sale. The
ELB distributes the incoming requests across multiple EC2 instances hosting the
website, ensuring that the website remains responsive and doesn't crash.
2. Application Availability: If one of the EC2 instances hosting the website fails, the
ELB automatically redirects traffic to the remaining healthy instances, ensuring that
users can still access the website.
3. Scaling: As the website's popularity grows, the business can add more EC2 instances,
and the ELB automatically starts distributing traffic to the new instances, ensuring
that the website can handle the increased load.
Image 1: Basic VPC Concept

English Explanation:

This image describes the fundamental concept of a VPC. It's your own private and isolated
section within the vast AWS cloud. Think of it as your personal data center in the cloud.

• Key takeaway: A VPC allows you to launch AWS resources (like EC2 instances)
into a virtual network that you define. You have complete control over this virtual
networking environment.

Hinglish Explanation:
Yeh image VPC ke basic concept ko describe karta hai. Yeh AWS cloud ke andar aapka apna
private aur isolated section hai. Socho jaise cloud mein aapka apna personal data center.

• Key takeaway: Ek VPC aapko AWS resources (jaise EC2 instances) launch karne ki
permission deta hai ek virtual network mein jo aap define karte ho. Aapke paas is
virtual networking environment pe pura control hota hai.

Image 2: Common Terms Related to VPC

English Explanation:

This image outlines some essential components and concepts associated with a VPC. Let's
break each one down:

• Subnet: A subdivision of your VPC. Think of it like separate rooms within your data
center, each with a specific purpose (e.g., web servers, databases).
• Route Tables: These act like traffic directors within your VPC. They determine
where network traffic should be routed (e.g., to the internet, to another subnet).
• Internet Gateway: A gateway that connects your VPC to the public internet. It's like
the front door of your data center, allowing communication with the outside world.
• NAT Gateway: Allows instances in a private subnet (without direct internet access)
to connect to the internet for outbound traffic (e.g., software updates) while remaining
protected from inbound connections.
• Elastic IP: A static public IP address that you can associate with your EC2 instance.
It's useful for ensuring your instance has a consistent and predictable IP address, even
if it's restarted.
• Peering: Connecting two VPCs together, either within the same AWS account or
across different accounts. It's like building a direct link between two data centers.
• Endpoints: Allow your VPC to access AWS services (like S3 or DynamoDB)
without traversing the internet. It's like having a private, express lane to other AWS
services.

Hinglish Explanation:

Yeh image VPC se related kuch essential components aur concepts batata hai. Chaliye, har ek
ko break down karte hain:

• Subnet: Aapke VPC ka ek subdivision. Socho jaise aapke data center mein alag alag
rooms, har ek ka ek specific purpose (jaise web servers, databases).
• Route Tables: Yeh aapke VPC mein traffic directors ki tarah kaam karte hain. Yeh
decide karte hain ki network traffic kahan route hona chahiye (jaise internet pe, kisi
aur subnet pe).
• Internet Gateway: Ek gateway jo aapke VPC ko public internet se connect karta hai.
Yeh aapke data center ke front door ki tarah hai, jo bahari duniya se communication
allow karta hai.
• NAT Gateway: Private subnet mein instances ko (direct internet access ke bina)
internet se connect hone deta hai outbound traffic ke liye (jaise software updates)
jabki inbound connections se protected rehte hain.
 • Elastic IP: Ek static public IP address jo aap apne EC2 instance se associate kar sakte
hain. Yeh useful hai kyunki isse aapke instance ka consistent aur predictable IP
address rehta hai, bhale hi woh restart ho jaye.
• Peering: Do VPCs ko ek saath connect karna, ya toh same AWS account mein ya
alag alag accounts mein. Yeh do data centers ke beech direct link banane jaisa hai.
• Endpoints: Aapke VPC ko AWS services (jaise S3 ya DynamoDB) ko internet
traverse kiye bina access karne deta hai. Yeh other AWS services ke liye ek private,
express lane jaisa hai.

Image 1: IAM Overview

English Explanation:
This image presents a high-level overview of IAM. It emphasizes the core function of IAM:
applying fine-grained permissions to AWS services and resources. Essentially, IAM lets you
control who (users, groups, roles) can access what (resources, services) and how
(permissions).

Hinglish Explanation:

Yeh image IAM ka ek high-level overview deta hai. Yeh IAM ke core function pe zor deta
hai: AWS services aur resources pe fine-grained permissions apply karna. Basically, IAM
aapko control karne deta hai ki kaun (users, groups, roles) kya (resources, services) access kar
sakta hai aur kaise (permissions).

Image 2: Common Terms Related to IAM

English Explanation:

This image lists the key components and concepts within IAM:

• User: An individual identity with access to AWS. Think of it as an employee with

their own login credentials.
• Group: A collection of users. Groups make it easier to manage permissions for
multiple users at once (e.g., a "Developers" group, a "Marketing" group).
• Role: An identity that you can assume. Roles are typically used by applications or
AWS services, not individual users. They are granted specific permissions.
• Policy: A document that defines permissions. Policies are attached to users, groups,
or roles to grant them access to specific resources and actions.

Hinglish Explanation:

Yeh image IAM ke andar key components aur concepts list karta hai:

• User: Ek individual identity jiske paas AWS access hota hai. Socho jaise ek employee
jiske apne login credentials hain.
• Group: Users ka ek collection. Groups se ek saath multiple users ke liye permissions
manage karna easy ho jata hai (jaise ek "Developers" group, ek "Marketing" group).
• Role: Ek identity jo aap assume kar sakte hain. Roles typically applications ya AWS
services dwara use kiye jaate hain, individual users dwara nahi. Unhe specific
permissions diye jaate hain.
• Policy: Ek document jo permissions define karta hai. Policies users, groups, ya roles
se attach kiye jaate hain taki unhe specific resources aur actions access karne ki
permission mil sake.

Analogy: A Company and its Employees

• AWS Account: The company itself.

• IAM: The HR department that manages employee access and permissions.
• User: An individual employee with a name and employee ID (login credentials).
• Group: Departments within the company (e.g., Sales, Engineering). Permissions are
often granted at the department level.
• Role: A temporary assignment or task. For example, an employee might take on the
"Project Manager" role, which grants them specific permissions for that project.
• Policy: The company's rulebook that defines who can do what. For example, a policy
might state that only members of the "Sales" department can access customer data.
Image 1: Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)

English Explanation:

This image focuses on Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service), a highly scalable and durable
object storage service. It lists several key features:

• Bucket Policy: Controls access to your S3 buckets (like setting permissions on a

folder).
• Bucket Versioning: Keeps track of different versions of your files, allowing you to
revert to previous versions if needed.
• Transfer Acceleration: Speeds up data transfers to and from S3, especially over long
distances.
• Static Website Hosting: Allows you to host a static website directly from S3, without
needing a web server.
• Lifecycle Rules: Automates the management of your data lifecycle, like moving older
files to cheaper storage or deleting them after a certain period.

Hinglish Explanation:

Yeh image Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) pe focus karta hai, jo ek highly scalable aur
durable object storage service hai. Ismein kuch key features list kiye gaye hain:

• Bucket Policy: Aapke S3 buckets ka access control karta hai (jaise ek folder pe
permissions set karna).
• Bucket Versioning: Aapke files ke alag alag versions track karta hai, jisse agar
zarurat pade toh aap previous versions pe revert kar sakte hain.
• Transfer Acceleration: S3 se data transfers speed up karta hai, especially long
distances pe.
• Static Website Hosting: Aapko bina web server ke ek static website directly S3 se
host karne deta hai.
 • Lifecycle Rules: Aapke data lifecycle ka management automate karta hai, jaise older
files ko cheaper storage mein move karna ya unhe ek certain period ke baad delete
karna.

Image 2: Amazon Route 53 - Basic Concept

English Explanation:

This image illustrates the basic function of Amazon Route 53, a DNS (Domain Name
System) web service. It shows how users access a website (www.abc.com) through Route 53.

• Users: When a user types a website address (like www.abc.com) into their browser,
the request goes to a DNS resolver.
• DNS Resolver: This resolver asks Route 53, "Where is www.abc.com?"
• Route 53: Route 53 responds with the IP address of the server hosting the website
(192.0.3.2 in this example).
• The user's browser then connects directly to the server using the IP address.

Hinglish Explanation:

Yeh image Amazon Route 53 ke basic function ko illustrate karta hai, jo ek DNS (Domain
Name System) web service hai. Yeh dikhata hai ki kaise users Route 53 ke through ek
website (www.abc.com) access karte hain.

• Users: Jab ek user browser mein ek website address (jaise www.abc.com) type karta
hai, request ek DNS resolver ke paas jaati hai.
• DNS Resolver: Yeh resolver Route 53 se poochta hai, "www.abc.com kahan hai?"
• Route 53: Route 53 server ka IP address respond karta hai jo website host kar raha
hai (is example mein 192.0.3.2).
• User ka browser phir IP address use karke server se directly connect hota hai.

Image 3: How to Use Amazon Route 53

English Explanation:

This image outlines the steps involved in using Amazon Route 53:

• If you don't have a domain name:

1. Register a domain name through Route 53.
2. Route 53 automatically creates hosted zones for your domain.
• If you already have a domain name:
1. Create a hosted zone in Route 53 for your domain.
2. Transfer your domain name to Route 53 or update your domain's DNS servers
to point to Route 53.

Essentially, this image describes the two main scenarios: registering a new domain or using
an existing one with Route 53. In both cases, you'll end up with hosted zones in Route 53,
which allow you to manage the DNS records for your domain. These records tell the internet
where to find your website or other online services associated with your domain.
English Explanation

This image highlights Amazon CloudFront, a Content Delivery Network (CDN) service from
AWS. Think of it as a super-efficient delivery system for your website's content.

Key Functions and Benefits:

• Content Distribution: CloudFront stores copies of your website's content (images,

videos, files) in multiple locations around the world, called "edge locations." When a
user tries to access your website, they get the content from the nearest edge location,
resulting in faster loading times.
• Low Latency: Because users get content from a nearby server, the delay (latency) is
minimized, making for a smoother user experience.
• High Data Transfer Speeds: CloudFront is optimized for fast delivery of data,
ensuring quick loading times even for large files.
• Cost-Effective: You only pay for the data transferred through CloudFront, making it
a cost-effective solution, especially for websites with high traffic.
• Security: CloudFront integrates with other AWS security services to protect your
website from attacks.
• Scalability: CloudFront can handle massive amounts of traffic without any issues,
making it ideal for websites with rapid growth.

Analogy: The Global Delivery Service

Imagine you have a popular online store.

• Your Website's Content: The products you sell in your store.

• CloudFront: A global delivery service with warehouses (edge locations) all over the
world.
• Users: Customers who want to buy your products.
When a customer orders a product, the delivery service ships it from the nearest warehouse,
ensuring faster delivery and lower shipping costs.

Example Scenarios:

1. Image-Heavy Website: A photography website with lots of high-resolution images.

CloudFront stores copies of these images at edge locations, so users in different parts
of the world can load the images quickly.
2. Video Streaming: A video streaming service. CloudFront delivers the video content
from edge locations, ensuring smooth playback for users around the globe.
3. Software Downloads: A company that distributes software updates. CloudFront
makes these updates available from edge locations, allowing users to download them
quickly and efficiently.

Hinglish Explanation

Yeh image Amazon CloudFront ke baare mein hai, jo ek Content Delivery Network (CDN)
service hai AWS se. Socho yeh aapke website ke content ke liye ek super-efficient delivery
system hai.

Key Functions aur Benefits:

• Content Distribution: CloudFront aapke website ke content ki copies (images,

videos, files) world wide multiple locations pe store karta hai, jinhe "edge locations"
kehte hain. Jab ek user aapke website ko access karne ki koshish karta hai, toh woh
content nearest edge location se leta hai, jisse loading time fast hota hai.
• Low Latency: Kyunki users content nearby server se lete hain, delay (latency) kam
hota hai, jisse user experience smooth hota hai.
• High Data Transfer Speeds: CloudFront data ki fast delivery ke liye optimized hai,
jisse large files ke liye bhi loading time quick hota hai.
• Cost-Effective: Aap sirf transferred data ke liye pay karte hain CloudFront ke
through, jisse yeh ek cost-effective solution hai, especially high traffic wale websites
ke liye.
• Security: CloudFront dusre AWS security services ke saath integrate karta hai taki
aapke website ko attacks se protect kiya ja sake.
• Scalability: CloudFront massive amounts of traffic handle kar sakta hai bina kisi
problem ke, jisse yeh rapid growth wale websites ke liye ideal hai.

Analogy: Global Delivery Service

Socho aapka ek popular online store hai.

• Aapke Website ka Content: Woh products jo aap apne store mein bechte hain.
• CloudFront: Ek global delivery service jiske warehouses (edge locations) pure world
mein hain.
• Users: Customers jo aapke products khareedna chahte hain.

Jab ek customer product order karta hai, delivery service use nearest warehouse se ship karta
hai, jisse delivery fast hoti hai aur shipping cost kam hota hai.
Example Scenarios:

1. Image-Heavy Website: Ek photography website jismein high-resolution images hain.

CloudFront in images ki copies edge locations pe store karta hai, taki different parts
of the world mein users images quickly load kar sakein.
2. Video Streaming: Ek video streaming service. CloudFront video content edge
locations se deliver karta hai, jisse users ke liye smooth playback ensure hota hai
globally.
3. Software Downloads: Ek company jo software updates distribute karti hai.
CloudFront in updates ko edge locations se available karata hai, jisse users unhe
quickly aur efficiently download kar sakein.

English Explanation

This image describes Amazon CloudWatch, a monitoring and observability service for AWS
resources and applications. It provides a unified view of your AWS environment's health and
performance.

Key Functions and Benefits:

• Collect: CloudWatch gathers metrics and logs from your AWS resources (EC2
instances, databases, etc.), applications, and services. It can also collect data from on-
premises servers.
• Monitor: You can visualize your applications and infrastructure using CloudWatch
dashboards. It allows you to correlate logs and metrics side by side to troubleshoot
issues.
• Act: CloudWatch allows you to set alarms that trigger actions when certain thresholds
are breached (e.g., high CPU usage). You can automate responses to operational
changes using CloudWatch Events and Auto Scaling.
• Analyze: You can analyze up to 15 months of historical metrics data. CloudWatch
also offers real-time analytics with CloudWatch Metrics Math.
 • Unified Operational View: CloudWatch provides a complete view of your cloud
resources and applications, enabling you to monitor their health, identify bottlenecks,
and optimize performance.

Analogy: The Hospital's Monitoring System

Imagine a hospital with a central monitoring system.

• AWS Resources/Applications: Patients in the hospital.

• CloudWatch: The central monitoring system that tracks vital signs (metrics) and
doctor's notes (logs).
• Metrics: Heart rate, blood pressure, temperature (CPU usage, memory usage,
network traffic).
• Logs: Doctor's notes, lab results (application logs, system logs).
• Alarms: Emergency alerts triggered when a patient's vital signs are abnormal (high
CPU usage alert).
• Actions: Nurses taking action based on alerts (auto-scaling more EC2 instances).

Example Scenarios:

1. Website Performance: You can use CloudWatch to monitor your website's loading
times, error rates, and traffic patterns. If you notice high latency, you can investigate
the logs and metrics to identify the cause.

Hinglish Explanation

Yeh image Amazon CloudWatch ke bare mein hai, jo AWS resources aur applications ke liye
ek monitoring aur observability service hai. Yeh aapke AWS environment ke health aur
performance ka ek unified view provide karta hai.

Key Functions aur Benefits:

• Collect: CloudWatch aapke AWS resources (EC2 instances, databases, etc.),

applications, aur services se metrics aur logs collect karta hai. Yeh on-premises
servers se bhi data collect kar sakta hai.
• Monitor: Aap CloudWatch dashboards use karke apne applications aur infrastructure
visualize kar sakte hain. Yeh aapko issues troubleshoot karne ke liye logs aur metrics
side by side correlate karne deta hai.
• Act: CloudWatch aapko alarms set karne deta hai jo certain thresholds breach hone
par actions trigger karte hain (jaise high CPU usage). Aap CloudWatch Events aur
Auto Scaling use karke operational changes pe responses automate kar sakte hain.
• Analyze: Aap 15 months tak ka historical metrics data analyze kar sakte hain.
CloudWatch CloudWatch Metrics Math ke saath real-time analytics bhi offer karta
hai.
• Unified Operational View: CloudWatch aapko aapke cloud resources aur
applications ka complete view provide karta hai, jisse aap unke health monitor kar
sakte hain, bottlenecks identify kar sakte hain, aur performance optimize kar sakte
hain.

Analogy: Hospital ka Monitoring System

Socho ek hospital mein ek central monitoring system hai.

• AWS Resources/Applications: Hospital mein patients.

• CloudWatch: Central monitoring system jo vital signs (metrics) aur doctor's notes
(logs) track karta hai.
• Metrics: Heart rate, blood pressure, temperature (CPU usage, memory usage,
network traffic).
• Logs: Doctor's notes, lab results (application logs, system logs).
• Alarms: Emergency alerts jab patient ke vital signs abnormal hote hain (high CPU
usage alert).
• Actions: Nurses alerts ke basis pe action lete hain (aur EC2 instances auto-scale
karna).

Example Scenarios:

1. Website Performance: Aap CloudWatch use karke apne website ke loading times,
error rates, aur traffic patterns monitor kar sakte hain. Agar aapko high latency dikhti
hai, toh aap logs aur metrics investigate karke cause identify kar sakte hain.

Yeh image Amazon CloudWatch ke baare mein hai, specifically iske "Monitoring" section ke
baare mein. Ismein aapko kuch important metrics dikhaye gaye hain jo aapke AWS
resources, jaise ki EC2 instances, ke performance aur health ko track karne mein madad karte
hain.

Seedhe aur simple shabdon mein: Yeh image aapko ek dashboard dikha raha hai jahan aap
apne AWS resources ki "tabiyat" check kar sakte hain.

Ab, thoda aur detail mein:

Is image mein aapko alag-alag graphs aur metrics dikh rahe hain, jaise ki:
 • CPU Utilization (Percent): Yeh batata hai ki aapke EC2 instance ka processor kitna
busy hai. Agar yeh zyada hai, toh aapka instance slow ho sakta hai. Socho jaise aapke
computer ka दिमाग kitna kaam kar raha hai.
• Disk Reads/Writes (Bytes/Second & Operations/Second): Yeh batata hai ki aapka
instance hard drive se kitna data read aur write kar raha hai. Agar yeh zyada hai, toh
aapka instance storage ke maamle mein busy hai. Socho jaise aapke computer ki hard
drive kitni mehnat kar rahi hai.
• Network In/Out (Bytes/Second & Packets/Second): Yeh batata hai ki aapke
instance se kitna data network mein aa raha hai aur ja raha hai. Agar yeh zyada hai,
toh aapka instance network ke maamle mein busy hai. Socho jaise aapke computer se
kitna data internet pe ja raha hai aur aa raha hai.

Aur bhi kuch important cheezein:

• "CloudWatch metrics: Basic monitoring - Enable Detailed Monitoring": Yeh

batata hai ki aap abhi basic monitoring dekh rahe hain. Detailed monitoring se aapko
aur bhi zyada data aur aur bhi zyada frequency pe mil sakta hai. Socho jaise basic
checkup aur full body checkup mein farak hota hai.
• "No alarms configured": Yeh batata hai ki aapne abhi tak koi alarm set nahi kiya
hai. Alarms se aapko pata chal sakta hai agar koi metric ek specific value se zyada ya
kam ho jaye. Socho jaise agar aapke computer ka CPU zyada garam ho jaye toh aapko
warning mil jaye.
• "All times are shown in UTC": Yeh batata hai ki time UTC mein hai, jo ki ek
standard time zone hai.

Overall, yeh image aapko ek quick view deta hai aapke AWS resources ke performance
ka. Isse aap identify kar sakte hain ki koi resource zyada stressed toh nahi hai ya koi
problem toh nahi hai.

English Explanation
This diagram depicts a typical three-tier web application architecture deployed on AWS,
focusing on high availability and security. Let's go layer by layer:

1. Top Layer: Users and Load Balancing

• Users: The internet users accessing the application.

• Route 53: AWS's DNS service, routing user requests to the appropriate Elastic Load
Balancer (ELB).
• Elastic Load Balancer (ELB): Distributes incoming traffic across multiple EC2
instances for high availability and fault tolerance. If one server fails, the ELB directs
traffic to the others.

2. Middle Layer: Application Servers (EC2)

• EC2 Instances: Virtual servers that host the application. They are in an Auto Scaling
group, meaning AWS can automatically adjust the number of instances based on
traffic demand.
• Availability Zones: The EC2 instances are spread across multiple Availability Zones
(AZs). AZs are distinct physical locations within an AWS region, providing
redundancy. If one AZ goes down, the application continues to run in the other AZs.
• Application Load Balancer: (Mentioned in the diagram, but seemingly not visually
represented as separate from the ELB) A type of load balancer specifically for
HTTP/HTTPS traffic, offering more advanced routing features for web applications.

3. Bottom Layer: Database

• RDS (Relational Database Service): A managed database service. In this case, it

shows MySQL, but RDS supports other database engines as well.
• Multi-AZ RDS: The database is configured for Multi-AZ, meaning there's a standby
copy in another AZ. If the primary database fails, the standby takes over
automatically.

4. Other Components:

• VPC (Virtual Private Cloud): A logically isolated section of the AWS Cloud where
all the resources reside. It's your own private network in the cloud.
• Internet Gateway: Connects the VPC to the internet.
• NAT Gateway: Allows instances in private subnets to access the internet for
outbound traffic (like updates) without being directly exposed to inbound traffic.
• Security Groups: Act as virtual firewalls, controlling inbound and outbound traffic at
the instance level.
• Subnets: Divisions of the VPC. Public subnets have internet access, while private
subnets do not.
• IAM (Identity and Access Management): Controls access to AWS resources.
• CloudWatch: Monitors the application and infrastructure.
• CloudTrail: Logs API calls made within the AWS account for auditing.
• S3 (Simple Storage Service): Object storage used for various purposes, potentially
including application assets or backups.
• Glacier: Low-cost archive storage.
 • Lambda: Serverless compute service, potentially used for backend processing or
automation.
• API Gateway: Creates and manages APIs that applications can use to access backend
services.
• Organizations: Helps manage multiple AWS accounts.
• CloudFormation: Infrastructure-as-code service for defining and deploying AWS
resources.
• Systems Manager: Automates operational tasks across AWS resources.
• Secrets Manager: Stores sensitive data like database credentials.
• Workspaces: Virtual desktops in the cloud.
• Directory Service: Connects AWS resources to an existing directory service (like
Active Directory).
• Cognito: Provides user authentication and authorization.
• GuardDuty: Threat detection service.
• WAF (Web Application Firewall): Protects web applications from common web
exploits.
• Shield: Protects against DDoS attacks.
• Macie: Data security and privacy service.
• Inspector: Vulnerability management service.
• Trusted Advisor: Provides recommendations for optimizing your AWS environment.
• Third-Party Tools: The diagram also shows integration with third-party monitoring
and notification tools like UptimeRobot, New Relic, Twilio, and Sentry.

Hinglish Explanation

Yeh diagram ek typical three-tier web application architecture dikha raha hai jo AWS pe
deploy kiya gaya hai, high availability aur security pe focus karte hue. Chaliye, layer by layer
dekhte hain:

1. Top Layer: Users aur Load Balancing

• Users: Internet users jo application access kar rahe hain.

• Route 53: AWS ki DNS service, user requests ko appropriate Elastic Load Balancer
(ELB) pe route karti hai.
• Elastic Load Balancer (ELB): Incoming traffic ko multiple EC2 instances pe
distribute karta hai high availability aur fault tolerance ke liye. Agar ek server fail ho
jata hai, toh ELB traffic ko dusre servers pe direct karta hai.

2. Middle Layer: Application Servers (EC2)

• EC2 Instances: Virtual servers jo application host karte hain. Yeh ek Auto Scaling
group mein hain, matlab AWS automatically instances ki sankhya traffic demand ke
hisab se adjust kar sakta hai.
• Availability Zones: EC2 instances multiple Availability Zones (AZs) mein faile hue
hain. AZs ek AWS region ke andar distinct physical locations hain, jo redundancy
provide karte hain. Agar ek AZ down ho jata hai, toh application dusre AZs mein
chalta rehta hai.
• Application Load Balancer: (Diagram mein mentioned hai, lekin visually ELB se
alag nahi dikhaya gaya hai) Ek type ka load balancer specifically HTTP/HTTPS
 traffic ke liye, jo web applications ke liye zyada advanced routing features offer karta
hai.

3. Bottom Layer: Database

• RDS (Relational Database Service): Ek managed database service. Ismein MySQL

dikhaya gaya hai, lekin RDS aur bhi database engines support karta hai.
• Multi-AZ RDS: Database Multi-AZ ke liye configure kiya gaya hai, matlab ek
standby copy dusre AZ mein hai. Agar primary database fail ho jata hai, toh standby
automatically take over kar leta hai.

4. Other Components:

• VPC (Virtual Private Cloud): AWS Cloud ka ek logically isolated section jahan
saare resources rehte hain. Yeh cloud mein aapka apna private network hai.
• Internet Gateway: VPC ko internet se connect karta hai.
• NAT Gateway: Private subnets mein instances ko internet access karne deta hai
outbound traffic ke liye (jaise updates) bina inbound traffic ke liye directly exposed
hue.
• Security Groups: Virtual firewalls ki tarah kaam karte hain, instance level pe
inbound aur outbound traffic control karte hain.
• Subnets: VPC ke divisions. Public subnets mein internet access hota hai, jabki private
subnets mein nahi.
• IAM (Identity and Access Management): AWS resources ka access control karta
hai.
• CloudWatch: Application aur infrastructure monitor karta hai.
• CloudTrail: Auditing ke liye AWS account mein kiye gaye API calls log karta hai.
• S3 (Simple Storage Service): Object storage various purposes ke liye use hota hai,
potentially application assets ya backups ke liye.
• Glacier: Low-cost archive storage.
• Lambda: Serverless compute service, potentially backend processing ya automation
ke liye use hota hai.
• API Gateway: APIs create aur manage karta hai jo applications backend services
access karne ke liye use kar sakte hain.
• Organizations: Multiple AWS accounts manage karne mein help karta hai.
• CloudFormation: Infrastructure-as-code service AWS resources define aur deploy
karne ke liye.
• Systems Manager: AWS resources mein operational tasks automate karta hai.
• Secrets Manager: Database credentials jaise sensitive data store karta hai.
• Workspaces: Cloud mein virtual desktops.
• Directory Service: AWS resources ko existing directory service (jaise Active
Directory) se connect karta hai.
• Cognito: User authentication aur authorization provide karta hai.
• GuardDuty: Threat detection service.
• WAF (Web Application Firewall): Web applications ko common web exploits se
protect karta hai.
• Shield: DDoS attacks se protect karta hai.
• Macie: Data security aur privacy service.
• Inspector: Vulnerability management service.
• Trusted Advisor: Aapke AWS environment optimize karne ke liye recommendations
provide karta hai.
• Third-Party Tools: Diagram mein UptimeRobot, New Relic, Twilio, aur Sentry jaise
third-party monitoring aur notification tools ke saath integration bhi dikhaya gaya hai.