SOLUTIONS 445

evel Objective Problems

vapour pressure of a given liquid will decrease if :
1. The liquid is decreased
(2) surface area of
the yolume of liquid in the container is decreased
to the volume of the vapour phase is increased
(d) the temperature is decreased
The normal boiling point of water is 373 K. Vapour pressure of water at temperature T is 19
mm Hg, If enthalpy of vaporisation is 40.67 kJ/mol, then temperature Twould be
(Use : log 2=0.3, R :8.3 JK- mol-1):
(a) 250K (b) 291.4 K (c) 230 K (d) 290 K
2 Asample of liquid H,O of mass 18.0g is injected into an evacuated 7.6 L flask maintained at
27.0°C. If vapour pressure of H,Oat 27°Cis 24.63 mm Hg. What weight percentage of the
Water will be vapourised when the system comes to equilibrium? Assume water vapours
behaves as an ideal gas. The volume occupied by the liquid water is negligible compared to the
volume of the container:
(b) 10% (c) 18% (d) 20%
(a) 1%
4. Raoult's law is obeyed by each constituent of abinary liquid solution when:
(a) the forces of attractions between like molecules are greater than those between unlike
molecules
(b) the forces of attractions between like molecules are smaller than those between unlike
molecules
(c) the forces of attractions between like molecules are identical with those between unlike
molecules
(d) the volume occupied by unlike molecules are different
5. For a binary ideal liquid solution, the total pressure of the solution is given as:
(a) P.total =PA +(PA -Pg) X (b) Protal =P; + (PÅ -P) XA
(C) Protal =Pg +(PB -Pa) XA (d) total
P. =PB + (P - På) X
6. For an ideal binary liquid solution with Pa> P, which relation between X, (mole fraction of
Ain liquid phase) and Y, (mole fraction of Ain vapour phase) is correct ?
YA, XA YA XA
(a) Y <YB (b) XA > XB (c) (d)
X Yg
7. fractions
An ideal solution is formed by mixing two volatile liquids Aand B. X and X, are the mole
of AandB respectively in the solution and YA and Ya are the mole fractions of A and
1 1
B respectively in the vapour phase. A plot of along y-axis against along x-axis gives a
YA XA
straight line. What is the slope of the straight line ?
(a) Pg (b) PA (c) P -PA (d) PA -P
PA PB
 8. For adilute solution, Raoult's law states that :
to the mole fraction of solute
(a) the lowering of vapour pressure is equal is equal to the mole fraction of solute
pressure
(b) the relative lowering of vapour proportional to the amount of solute in solution
vapour pressure is
(C) the relative lowering of solvent
vapour pressure of the solution is equal to the mole fraction of
(a) the 100 g of water at 25°C. If 2.0 g, 4.0 g and
specific non-volatile salt is 4 g in
9. The solubility of a 25°C, in system X, Y and Z. The vapour pressure
6.0g of the salt added of 100 g of water at
would be in the order:
(b) X>Y>Z
(a) X< Y <Z (d) X>Y=Z
(c) Z> X=Y are 80 C, 65°C, 184°C and
C6H6, CH3OH, C,HsNH, and CçH,NO2
10. The boiling point of pressure at room temperature :
212°C respectively. Which will show highest vapour (d) CoH_NO 2
(b) CHOH (c) CHNH,
(a) CeH dissolved in 9.9 moles of water. If thevapour
11. 6.0g of urea (molecular weight = 60) was
pressure of solution is:
pressure of pure water is P°, the vapour (d) 0.99 P°
(a) 0.10 po (b) 1.10 Po (c) 0.90P°
12. An ideal solution was found to have a
vapour pressure of 80 torr when the mole fraction of a
pressure of the pure solvent at the
non-volatile solute was 0.2. What would be the vapour
same temperature?
(b) 80 torr (c) 100torr (d) 400 torr
(a) 64 torr
sucrose at 373 Kis found to be 750 mm Hg. The
13. Thevapour pressure of an aqueous solution of
molality of the solution at the same temperature will be : (d) 0.039
(a) 0.26 (b) 0.73 (c) 0.74
1.0 M aqueous
14. Estimate the lowering of vapour pressure due to the solute glucose) in a
solution at 100°C:
(a) 10 torr (b) 18 torr (c) 13.45 torr (d) 24 torr
should be
15. Calculate the weight of non-volatile solute having molecular weight 40, which
dissolved in 57 gm octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%: (d) None of these
(a) 47.2 g (b) 5g (c) 106.2 g
16. Equal weight of a solute are dissolved in equal weight of two solvents A and B and formed ve
dilute solution. The relative lowering of vapour pressure for the solution B has twice ti
molecula
relative lowering of vapour pressure for the solution A. If M.A and MR are the
weights of solvents Aand B respectively, then:
(a) MA = Mg (b) M =2x M,A
(c) M = 4MB (d) MA =2Mg
andas
 containing
10 Two liquids A and B rom ideal solutions. At 300 K, the vapour pressure of solution
1mole of Aand3 mole of B is 550mm Hg. At the same temperature, if one more mole of B is
added to this solution, the vapour pressure of the solution increases by 10mm Hg. Determine
the vapour pressure of A and BBin their pure states (in mm Hg): (d) None of these
(a) 400, 600 (b) 500, 500 (c) 600, 400
certain temperature.
0. Two liquids Aand B have vapour pressure in the ratio P:P =1:3 at a
AssumeA and B form an ideal solution and the ratio of mole fractions ofA to B in the vapour
pbase is 4: 3. Then the mole fraction of Bin the solution at the same temperature is :
2 4 1
1 (d)
(a) (b) (c)
5 33 5 4
number of moles of A
21. TWo liquids Aand B have P and P, in the ratio of 1:3 and the ratio of
the
and Bin liquid phase are 1:3 then mole fraction of Ain vapour phase in equilibrium with
solution is equal to:
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.5 (d) 1.0
at
22. Calculate solubility (mol/m) of saturated solution of Ag PO 4, if its dilute aqueous solution
TK has avapour pressure of 730 mm Hg and vapour pressure of pure
H,0 is 740 mm Hg at
TK.
(b) 190.2 (c) 250.1 (d) 355.2
(a) 149.7
23. Which of the following plots correctly representing the variation in rate of evaporation and
rate of condensation with time? (for a liquid in a closed container)
Rate of vaporization Rate of vaporization

(a) Rate (b) Rate

Rate of condensation
Rate of condensation
Time>
Time
^Rate of vaporization
Rate of vaporization

(c) Rate (d) Rate

Rate of condensation
Rate of condensation
Time
Time >
diocrom statements regarding the homogenous
 50. When 1 mole of a solute is dissolved in 1 kg of H,0, boiling point of solution was found to be
100.5°C. K, for H,0 is:
(a) 0.5 (b) 100 (c) 100.5 (d) 95.5
51. Chloroform, CHCl3, boils at 61.7°C. If the K, for chloroform is 3.63°C/molal, what is the
boiling point of a solution of 15.0 kg of CHCl, and 0.616 kg of acenaphthalene, CH,?
(a) 61.9 (b) 62.0 (c) 52.2 (d) 62.67
52. A
compound has the empirical formula C10H Fe. Asolution of 0.26 g of the compound in 11.2
g of benzene (CH6) boils at 80.26°C. The boiling point of benzene is 80.10°C; the K, is
2.53°C/molal. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
(a) GzoH24 Fe , (b) G1oHgFe (c) CH4Fe (d) CzoHj6Fe
53. Asolution of 0.640 g of azulene in 100.0 g of benzene boils at 80.23°C. The boiling point of
benzene is 80.10°C; the K, is 2.53°C/molal. What is the molecular weight of azulene?
(a) 108 (b) 99 (c) 125 (d) 134
54. One molal solution ofa carboxylic acid n benzene shows the elevation of boiling point of
1.518 K. The degree of association for dimerization of the acid in benzene is (K, for benzene
-2.53 K kg mol-):
(a) 60% (b) 70% (c) 75% (d) 80%
55. The boiling point elevation constant for toluene is 3.32 K kg mol-.The normal boiling point
of toluene is 110.7°C. The enthalpy of vaporisation of toluenewould be nearly:
(a) 17.0 kJ mol-1 (b) 34.0 kJ mol-1 (c) 51.0 kJ mol1 (d) 68.0kJ mol
56. Which one of the following aqueous solutions will exhibit highest boiling point:
(a) 0.015 M urea (b) 0.01 M KNO3
(c) 0.10 M Na,SO4 (d) 0.015 M glucose
57. Caleulate the percentage degree of dissociation of an electrolyte XY, (Normal 'molar mass
=164) in water if the observed molar mass by measuring elevation in boiling point is 65.6:
(a) 75% (b) 259% (c) 659% (d) None of these
58. If the elevation in boiling point of a solution of non-volatile, non-electrolytic and
non-associating solute in solvent (K; =xK.kg. mol)is yK, then the depression in freezing
point of solution of same concentration would be:
(K, of the solvent =z K.kg. mol-)
XZ
(a) 2xz (b) yz (c) (d)
2x
y
S9. When a solution containing non-volatile solute freezes, which equilibrium would exist?
(a) solid solvent liquid solvent (b) solid solute liquid solution
(c) solid solute liquid solvent (d) solid solvent liquid solution
A solution of
O0. Bromoform has a normal freezing point of 7.734°C/m and it's K, =14,4°C/m.
molecular weight
2.60 g of an unknown in 100g of bromoform freezes at 5.43°C. What is the
of the unknown?
(b) 162.5 (c) 100 (d) none of these
(a) 16.25
Ol, CH, freezes at 5:5C. At what temperature will a solutionof 10.44 g
of C4H1o in 200 g of
CçH, freeze? K, (C7H)=5.12°C/m
(b) 0.892°C (c) 5.5C (d) none of these
(a) 4.608°C
1. The relative lowering of the vapour pressure is egual to the ratio between the number ot:
[AIPMT 1991]
(a) solute molecules and solvent molecules
(b) solute molecules and the total molecules in the solution
(c) solvent molecules and the total molecules in the solution
(d) solvent molecules and the total number of ions of the solute
2. Which solution will show the maximum vapour pressure at 300 K ? [DPMT 1991]
(a) 1M C12H22011 (b) 1M CHCOOH (c) 1M CaCl, (d) 1M NaCl
3. Which of the following modes of expressing concentration is independent of temperature ?
LAIPMT 1992, 95; CPMT 1999: AIIMS 1997, 2001]
(a) Molarity (b) Molality (c) Formality (d) Normality
4. Which of the following is a colligative property?
[AFMC 1992; AIPMT1992: AIIMS 1999; MPPMT 2003,06]
(a) Osmotic pressure (b) Boiling point
(c) Vapour pressure (d) Freezing point
5. If 5.85 g of NaCl are dissolved in 90g of water,
the mole fraction of NaCI is:
[MPPMT 1994; AFMC1998]
(c) 0.3 (d) 0 .01
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2
(e) 0.0196
25° C, the highest osmotic pressure is exhibited by 0 .1M solution of:
6. At [AIPMT 1994;AIIMS 2000]
(c) glucose (d) urea
(b) KCI [Fe(CN)]?
(a) CaCl,
the following salt has the same value of van't Hoff factor (i) as that ofK,
7. Which of [AIPMT 1994; AIIMS 1998]
(c) Na,SO4 (d) Al(NO,)3
(a) Al,(S04)3 (b) NaCl of non-volatile
the relative lowering of vapour pressure of asolution[AIPMT 1995]
8. According toRaoult's law,
substance is equal to: (b) mole fraction of the solute
the solvent
(a) mole fraction of (d) mass percentage of a
solvent
of a solute [AFMC 1995; MPPMT 2002]
(C) masS percentage
same:
9. Isotonic solution have the (b) molar concentration
(a) density (d) none of these
(c) normality 273 K when 10g glucose (P, ),10g
urea(P,)and
osmotic pressure at [AIPMT 1996]
10. The relationship between water is:
250 mL of
sucrose (P,)are dissolved in (c) P, > P, > P, (a) P, > P, > P
10g P, > P2
(b) Pz > solution will have the lowest freezing
point?
(a) P, > Pz > P3 0.10 m aqueous [AIPMT 1997]
11. Which of the following
(c) KI
(d) CypHg2O11
(b) CçHjoOs
(a) Al,(S04)s
Solution and Coligative Property

EXERCISES

ELEMENTARY pure benzene and

The vapour pressure of
Concentration terms (Revision of mole) Q.8
contact with equimolar
toluene
160and 60 torr respectívely. The mole fraction of ta
Q.1
N
enein vapour phase in
with 63 gm of oxalic acid hovw many litres of 10 of benzene and
toluene is :
(2)0.6
solution can be prepared ()0.50
(4)0.73
(1) 100itre (2) 10 lite (3)0.27
(3) 1 litre (4)1000 litre
Non-ideal Solutions
that which
An ideal solution is
Ho many grams of NaOH will be requircd to Q.9 Raoult's law
Q.2
()Shows positive deviation from Raoult's la.
from
neutralize 12.2 grams ofbenzoic acid
(2) Shows negative deviation
with Raoult's law
(1) 40 gms (2)4 gms (3)Has no connection
(3)16gms (4) 12.2 gms (4) Obeys Raoult's 1aw
has Whentwo liquid Aand Bare mixed Ithen their boilig
Q.3 An x molal solution of a compound in benzene Q.10 points becomes greater than both of them. What is the
of x is
mole fraction ofsolute equal to 0.2. The value
nature of this solution
() 14 (2)3.2 (1)Ideal solution
(4)2 ideal solution
3)4 (2) Positive deviation with non
solution
(3) Negative deviation with non ideal
General Introduction & types of solution (4) Normal solution
was pYoved
Q.4 For a solution of two liquids A and B. it
that P =X,AA B +
(P.°-P,9) P. The solution is : Q.11 Asolution that obeys Raoult's law is
(2) Non ideal (1) Normal (2) Molar
(1) Ideal (4)Saturated
(3) Semiideal (4) None of these (3) Ideal

Vapour Pressure Q.12 Identify the mixture that shows positive deviation fon
mixed with Raoult's law
Q.5 1mole ofheptane (VP. =92 mm ofHg) was
4 moles of octane (V.P. =31 mm of Hg) The vapour (1) CHCI, +(CH),CO
pressure of resulting ideal solution is :
(2) (CH), CO +CH, NH,
(!)46.2 mmofHg (2) 40.0 mmofHg (3) CHCI, +CH,
(4) 38.4 mm ofHg (4) (CH,), CO+ CS,
(3)43.2 mm ofHg
Q.13 Which of the following is true when componens
4 Solutions of Solid and Gases in Liquids forming an ideal solution are mixed
Q.6 The statement "If0.003 moles ofa gas are dissolved in (1) AH = AV, =0 (2) AH, > AV
900 g ofwater under a pressure of l atmosphere, 0.006
moles will be dissolved under a pressure of 2
(3) AH, <AV, (4) AH, = AV,, =l
atmospheres", illustrates
Q.14 An azeotropic solution of two liquids has boiling po
(1) Dalton's law of partialpressure lower than either when it
(2) Graham's law
(1) Shows anegative deviation from Raoult's law
(3) Raoult's law (2) Shows no deviation from Raoult's law
(4) Henry's law (3) Shows positive deviation from Raoult's law
(4) Ts
 Solution and Coligative Property
prepare 100 cm of 0.250
Q.31 Which of the following will have the highest boiling Q0 In order to
amount of Bac
point at latm pressure chloride solution the
required will be
(1) 0.1 M NaCl (2) 0.1M SUcrose (A)0.250 moles
(3)0.1M BaCl, (4) 0.1M glucose (B) 0.0025 moles
(C) 2.5 moles
Q.32 Which of the following aqueous solutions containing BaCl,.2H,0
(D) 6.1 gram of
10gm of solute in cach case has highest B.P.
(1) NaCI solution (2) KCI solution 25 mL of3 MHCI wereadded to 75 mL of0.05 MH
(3)Sugar solution (4)GlucOse solution Q.7 HCI in the resulting
The molarity of
approximately
solution
Q.33 The freezing points of cquimolar solutions of glucOsc, (A)0.055 M (B)0.35 M
KNO, and AICI, are in the order of (D) 3.05 M
(C)0.787M
0.2 mole of HCland 0.1 mole oof CaCl, were dissolwe
(1)AlCI, <KNO, <Glucose Q.8 in water to have 500 ml of solution, the molarity of
(2) Glucose < KNO, < AICI,
ions is
(3) Glucose < AICI, < KNO, (B)0.8 M
(A) 0.04 M
(4) AICI, <Glucose < KNO, (D)0.08 M
(C)0.4 M

dissolved in watertol.
JEE-MAN
0.9 When 5.0 gram of BaCl, is
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS of sob
106gram of solution. The concentration
is
Concentration terms (Revision of mole) (B) 5ppm
of 36 g of
Q.1 Mole fraction of C,H(OH), in a solution (A) 2.5 ppm (D) 5gmL-l
water and 46 g of glycerine is : (C) SM
(A)0.46 (B) 0.36
D) 0.40 solution
(C)0.20 General Introduction &types of
?
is separated by a 0.10 Which of the following will form an ideal solution
If 'A contains 2% NaCl and
Q.2
membranefrom B' which contains 10%
semipernmeable (A)C,H,OH and water
(B) HNO, and water
NaCl, which event will occur?
(A)NaCl will flow from 'A' to B (C)CHCI, and CH,COCH,
(B)NaCl will flow from 'B'to 'A' (D) CH, and CH,CH,
(C) Water willflow from 'A' to B'
(D) Water will flow from 'Bto A' 0.11 Which of the following shows negative deviation froa
urea in Raoult's law?
Q.3 An aqueous solution of urea containing 18g
1500 cm² of solution has a density of 1.052 g/cm. If (A)CHCl, and acetone
the molecular weight of urea is 60,then the molality of (B)CHCI, and C,H,OH
solution is (C) C,H,CH, and CH,
(A) 0.2 (B)0.192.
(D)CH, and CCl,
(C)0.064 (D) 1.2
was prov
If18 gram of glucose(CgH,,0) is present in 1000 0.12 For a solution of two liguids A and B. it
Q.4
gram of an aqueous solution Íf glucose it is said to that P= X,(P.°- P.9 + P.°. The solution is :
B

be (A) Ideal (B) Non ideal

(A) 39.2 gram (B) 1.1molal (C) Semiideal (D)None ofthese
(C)0.5 molal (D)0.l molal
Q.13 Which of the following form ideal solution?
Q.5 What is the molarity of H,SO, solution that has a (A)C,H,OH-CH2
density of 1.84 gm/cc at 35°C and contains 98% by (B)CH,-CH,CH,
weight (C) water+ alcohol
(A)4.18 M (B) 8.14 M (D) Ethanol +Cyclohexane
(C) 18.4 M (D) 18 M
 Property
Sotution and Coligative

Vapour Pressure :Raoult's law

0.14 At agiven Completely miscibleliquids pressuresofasolventand its
temperature, total vapour pressure in Tort
of a mixture of Q.20 IfP, andP are the
vapour mole
N, and N, are thesolute
volatile components A and B is given solution respectively and
by P=12075 Xp solvent and
non-volatile
fractions of the
hence, vapour pressurc of pure Aand B respectívely, then correct
relation is :
(in Torr) are - respectively (B) P=P,N,
(A) 120, 75 (A) P-PN, (D)P-P,N,/N)
(B)120, 195 (C)P,-PN,
(C) 120,45
(D) 75,45
solution with P > P. which
Q.15 The vapour pressure of water Q.21 For an idcal binaryliquid
(A)Surface area of contaimer depcnds upon : ofA in liquid phase)
relation between X, (molefraction
(B)Volume of container vapour phase) is correct?
and Y,(mole fraction ofA in
(C) Temperature (B) X, >X,
(D)All (A)Y,<Y,
YA
Q.16 Amöng the following substances, the lowest vapour (C) Y (D) Ye
pressure is exerted by
(A)Water above the solution in
(B)Mercury Q.22 Mole fraction of A vapours
(C) Kerosene (D) Rectified spirit mixture ofAand B(X, =0.4) ill be

A vessel has nitrogen gas and water vapours in [Given: P = 100 mm Hgand P =200 mm Hg]
Q.17
equilibrium with liquid water at a total pressure of 1 (A) 0.4 (B)0.8
()0.25 (D) None of these
atm. The partial pressure of water vapours is 0.3 atm.
The volumeof this vessel is reduced to one third of the
original volume, at the same temperature, then total 0.23 Amixture contains l mole ofvolatile liquid A(P =100
pressure of the system is :(Neglect volume occupied
mm Hg) and 3moles ofvolatile liquid B( P= 80 mmHg).
by liquid water)
(A) 3.0 atm If solution behaves ideally, the total vapour preSsure
(B) 1atm
of the distillate is
(C)3.33 atrm (D) 2.4 atm
(A)85 mm Hg (B) 85.88 mmHg
(C) 90 mm Hg (D)92 mm Hg
Solutions of Solid and Gases in Liquids
Q.18 A sample of air is saturated with benzene (vapor At a given temperature, total vapour pressure in Torr
Q.24
pressure= 100mm Hg at 298 K) at 298K, 750mm Hg ofa mixture of volatile components A and B is given by
pressure. If it is isothermally compressed to one third P,=
Total 120 75 X, hence, vapour pressure of pure A
of its initial volumne, the final pressure of the system is and Brespectively (in Tor) are
(A) 2250 torr (B) 2150 torr (A) 120,75 (B) 120, 195
(C) 2050 torr (D) 1950 torr (C) 120,45 (D) 75,45

solute, the
Q.19 For a solution containing non-volatile Q.25 Which of the following plots represents an ideal
relative lowering of vapour pressure 0.2. If the binary mixture?
solution contains 5 moles in all, which of the following (A) Plot ofP, v/s 1/X, is linear (X, =mole fraction of
are true ?
'B' in liquid phase)
I. Mole fraction of solute in the solution
is 0.2 (B) Plot ofP, V/s Y,is linear (Y= mole fraction of 'A'
in vapour phase)
II. No. of moles of solute in the solution is 0.2
4
III, No, of moles of solvent in the solution is 1
(C)Plot of v/s Y, is linear
IV.Mole fraction of solvent is 0.2 Ptotal

(A)I, IV (B)II, III

(D) I, IV 1
(C)I, II
(D) Plot of v/s Y is non linear
Potal 87