b'O{ zAb

sl/j !)#=&& ju{ ls=dL If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] o; a'6jn

pkxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ ;d[4 agfpgsf nflu ;Defljt >f]t / cfwf/x¿
k|z:t dfqfdf 5g\ . o; a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] s]Gb| j8f g+= $ df
/x]sf] 5 . ;fljssf] a'6jn gu/kflnsfsf] ;a} j8fx¿ -! b]lv @@_
;dfj]z u/L a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf u7g ul/Pkl5 of]
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] k|fylds tYofÍ cyf{t\ 3/w'/L ;+sng dfkm{t ;du|
j:t'l:ylt emNsg] kfZj{lrq tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
/fHosf] k'g{M;+/rgfsf] l;nl;nfdf :yflkt o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] oyfy{ ljBdfg cj:yf
emNsfpg] kfZj{lrq tof/Ln] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ljsf;sf] jt{dfg cj:yfnfO{ lrlqt u/]sf] 5 .
o; k|sf/sf] lrq0fn] cfufdL lbgdf xfdLn] th'{df ug'{kg]{ gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f
u/L xfdLnfO{ pknAw ;Lldt >f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd ;b'kof]u u/L pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;du|
ljsf;nfO{ ult k|bfg ug{{ cjZo klg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] cfzf tyf ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . o; cWoog
k|ltj]bgn] k|foM ;a} If]q tyf j:t'ut oyfy{nfO{ ;d]6\g k|of; u/]sf] eP tfklg ;Lldt >f]t
;fwgsf] ;Ldfleq ul/Psf] cWoog cfkm}df k"0f{ x'g ;Sb}g . o;nfO{ ;do ;Gbe{ cg';f/ kl/is[t /
kl/dflh{t ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf /xG5 .
of]hgfa4 ljsf;sf] cfwf/sf] ¿kdf /xg] of] kfZj{lrq ;dod} ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]
gu/sfo{kflnsfsf] ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/, pkk|d'v, k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t, j8f cWoIfHo"x¿,;Dk"0f{
lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx¿ tyf cGo j8f txdf dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug]{ sd{rf/L, 3/–3/df uO{
3/w'/L tYofª\s ;+sngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'x'g] ;a}u0fsx¿, tYofª\s pknAw u/fpg' x'g] ;Dk"0f{
pkdxfgu/kflnsfaf;L nufot tYofÍ pknAw u/fpg] ;Dk"0f{ ljifout zfvf, ljifout sfof{no,
;+3;+:yf tyf cGo ;a}df pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] tkm{af6 cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5' .o;} u/L of]
cWoog k|ltj]bg ;DkGg ug]{ >L kfgf]/fdf l/;r{ ;]G6/ k|f= ln= cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}FnfO{ xflb{s
wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' .
cGTodf pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ljsf;sf] cfwf/ lrq sf]g{ of] k|ltj]bg ;xof]uL agf]; / bL3{sfnLg
;f]rsf ;fy cufl8 a9\g ;xfosl;4 x'g]5 eGg] cfzf u/]sf] 5' .

lzj/fh ;'j]bL
k|d'v
 d]/f b'O{ zAb
lbuf] / of]hgfa4 ljsf;nfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]
;du| tYofª\s cfjZos kb{5 . o;} cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . h;df Android Apps
åf/f 3/kl/jf/ tYofª\s ;+sng u/L pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ljleGg ljifo
;dfj]z ul/Psf] >f]t gS;fx¿, ljifout sfof{nox¿af6 ;+sng ul/Psf
tYox¿df cfwfl/t eO{ pknAw eP;Dd s[lif, lzIff, :jf:Yo, oftfoft,
;~rf/, jg, l;RffO{, vfg]kfgL, ljB't cflbsf tYofÍ ;dfj]z u/L gu/
kfZj{lrq tof/L ul/Psf] 5 .
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cWoog ug{ rfxg] ljBfyL{, cg';Gwfgstf{, of]hgf lgdf{0fstf{ tyf
pkdxfgu/kflnsfaf;LnfO{ kfZj{lrqn] ;"rgf k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] 5 eGg] d}n] cfzf lnPsL 5' .
kfZj{lrqdf pNn]lvt ljj/0fdf a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] /fhg}lts tyf k|zf;lgs ljj/0f 5'l§g]
gS;f, e"–juL{s/0f tyf e"–pkof]u gS;fsf ;fy} 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;s+ng, @)&^ sf ljljw
hg;f+lVos kIfx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
cGTodf k|:t't kfZj{lrq tof/L ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ;"rgf ;+sng ug{ k|ToIf tyf k/f]If¿kdf ;xof]u
ug{ ;a}j8faf6 vl6g' ePsf u0fsx¿, 3/kl/jf/sf] tYofª\s pknAw u/fpg' x'g]
pkdxfgu/kflnsfaf;L, pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf k|d'vHo", ljleGg ljifout tYofª\s pknAw u/fpg'
x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ljifout zfvf tyf sfof{nosf k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t, j8fcWoIfHo"x¿, ljleGg
;+3÷;+:yf, j8f ;lrjx¿, gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf ;a} sd{rf/Lx¿ tyf z'¿b]lv tYofÍ ;+sng,
k|zf]wg u/L kfZj{lrqnfO{ of] ¿k lbg'x'g] k/fdz{bftf >L kfgf]/fdf l/;r{ ;]G6/ k|f= ln= cgfdgu/,
sf7df8f}+nfO{ ljz]if wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

u'dfb]jL cfrfo{
pkk|d'v
 d]/f] eGg'
;fljssf] a'6jn gu/kflnsfsf] @@ j6f j8fx¿;dfj]z u/L hDdf !(j8f
sfod u/L ldlt @)&!÷)*÷!^ df a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf u7g ul/Pkl5
df]afOn Pksf] k|of]u u/L 3/w'/L tYofª\s ;+sng u/L k|fylds tYofÍsf
cfwf/df klxnf] kfZj{lrq tof/L ug{ kfpFbf cToGt} v';L nfu]sf] 5 .
s'g} klg ljsf;sf] dfu{ tof/ ug{ of]hgfsf] ;xL 5gf]6, k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog, ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] k"0f{ ;Gt'li6 ;lxtsf] pkof]u / lg/Gt/
cg'udg Pjd\ d"Nofª\sg / lbuf]kgfsf] nflu ;xL / j:t'lgi6 lg0f{o lng tYofÍsf] cfjZostf
kb{5 . ljutaf6 l;s]/ jt{dfgsf] ef]ufO{sf cfwf/df eljiosf nflu of]hgf th'{df ug'{ jt{dfg
k'g;{+/lrt :yfgLo txsf] klxnf] cfjZostf xf] eGg]df b'O{dt x'g ;Sb}g .
j:t'lgi7tf / cfjZostfsf] s;Ldf of]hgfx¿ tyf sfo{of]hgfx¿ cufl8 a9fpg g;lsPdf
hgtfn] :yfgLo ;/sf/af6 /fv]sf ck]Iff k'/f x'g ;Sb}gg\ . o;}sf/0f jt{dfgsf] xfd|f] w/ftnLo,
;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, hg;fª\lvs tyf cfly{s cj:yfsf] klxrfg u/L eljiosf cfjZostf cfFsng
ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy of] cWoog k|ltj]bg -kfZj{lrq_ ;Lldt ;do tyf ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ;Ldfleq /xL
tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . kfZj{lrqnfO{ ;fdfGo ¿kdf cWoog ug]{ hf] sf]xLn] klg of]
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ax'cfofldstf ;lxtsf] jt{dfg cj:yf ;xh} cfFsng ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 . of]
kfZj{lrqnfO{ Psflt/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;Dk"0f{ lrgf/Lsf] ¿kdf x]g{ ;lsG5 eg] csf]{tkm{ o;
dfkm{t\ xfd|f ;Defjgf / r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ cjut ug{ ;lsG5 .
kfZj{lrq tof/Lsf] qmddf cfˆgf] dxTjk"0f{ ;do k|bfg ug]{ k|d'vHo", pkk|d'vHo", j8f cWoIfHo"x¿,
lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx¿, ljleGg ljifout sfof{nosf k|d'v nufot ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/L, j8f ;lrj
;fyLx¿, 3/w'/L tYofª\s ;+sng ug'{x'g] u0fsx¿ tyf tYofª\s ;+sngdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug'{x'g] ljleGg ;+3÷;+:yfsf k|d'v tyf cGo sd{rf/Lx¿ tyf kfZj{lrqnfO{ of] ¿k lbg ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg' x'g] k/fdz{bftf>Lkfgf]/fdf l/;r{ ;]G6/ k|f= ln= cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}+nfO{ xflb{s cfef/
JoQm ub{5' .
cGtdf, of] kfZj{lrq cfˆgf] p2]Zo k|flKtdf ;kmn x'g]5 eGg] cfzf u/]sf] 5' .

rqmkf0fL zdf{
k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t
 ljifo;"rL
v08– !M e"ldsf 1
!=! k[i7e"ld 1
!=@ p2]Zo 1
!=# sfg"gL tyf gLltut cfwf/x¿ 2
!=$ tof/L k|lqmof (Methodology) 2
!=% j:t'l:ylt ljj/0fsf] ;Ldf 3
v08– @M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] lrgf/L -ef}lts tyf ;du| rl/q_ 4
@=! ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, l;dfgf tyf k|zf;lgs ljefhg 4
@=!=! ef}uf]lnscjl:ylt, ;Ldfgf 4
@=!=@ k|zf;lgs ljefhg 4
@=@ P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld tyf gfdfs/0f 5
@=# w/ftnLo cj:yf -e"–If]qsf] k|s[lt le/fnf]kg tyf prfO, df]x8f_ 7
@=$ e"–pkof]usf] ljj/0f 8
@=% df6f]sf] agfj6 10
@=^ e"–If]qsf] auL{s/0f 10
@=& hdLgsf] df]x8f (Aspect) 13
@=* d'Vo k|fs[lts ;Dkbf -gbL, vf]nf, tfn, lxdfn, vfgLvlgh, v]tLof]Uo hdLg
jgh+un, lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q, hnfwf/ l;d;f/_ 14
@=( ;fF:s[lts ljz]iftfx¿ 15
@=!) ljsf;sf d'Vo ;Defjgfx¿ 15
@=!! pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cGt/ gu/÷pkdxfgu/kflnsf ;DaGw 17
v08– #M hg;f+lVos ljj/0f 18
#=! hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 18
#=@ j8fut If]qkmn, hg;+Vof tyf 3/w'/L ljj/0f 19
#=# pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 22
#=$ !) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf JolQmx¿sf] a}jflxs l:yltsf] ljj/0f 27
#=% xfn pd]/;d"xsf cfwf/df !) jif{eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] j}jflxs l:yltsf] ljj/0f 30
#=^ hfthftLsf] cfwf/df j8fut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 31
#=& pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf af]lng] efiffsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 33
#=* wd{ cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] j8fut ljj/0f 35
#=( cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof 37
#=(=! pd]/ / lnËsf cfwf/df cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 38
#=(=@ lnËcg';f/ z}lIfs :t/sf] cfwf/df pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt
hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 41
#=(=# cg'kl:yt JolQmsf] cg'kl:yt x'g'sf] sf/0f;DaGwL ljj/0f 43
#=(=$ cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] :yfgsf] ljj/0f 45
 #=(=% cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] b]zsf] ljj/0f 47
#=(=^ cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] lhNnfsf] cfwf/df ljj/0f 48
#=!) JolQmut 36gf btf{ 49
#=!)=! kfFr jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfsf] hGdbtf{sf] cfwf/df j8fut ljj/0f 49
#=!)=@ tYofÍ ;+sngsf] kl5Nnf] !@ dlxgfdf kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] d[To';DaGwL ljj/0f50
#=!)=# lnÍ / pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ ljut !@ dlxgfdf d[To' ePsfsf] ljj/0f 52
#=!)=$ d[To'sf] sf/0f cg';f/ d[tssf] hg;+Vof 53
#=!)=% d[tssf] d[To'btf{;DaGwL ljj/0f 55
#=!! a;fOF;/fOsf] cj:yf 57
#=!!=! hGd :yfgsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vof ljj/0f 57
v08– $M cfly{s l:ylt tyf /f]huf/ 59
$=! d'Vo cfly{s lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ljj/0f -d'Vo k]zf_ 59
$=!=! cfˆgf] jflif{s cfDbfgLn] kl/jf/ wfGg k'Ug] ;do cjlwsf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf]
ljj/0f -;a} k|sf/sf] cfDbfgL_ 59
$=!=@ C0fsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 60
$=!=# C0f lng'sf] sf/0fsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_ 61
$=!=$ C0f lnPsf] >f]tsf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f 63
$=@ ljk|]if0faf6 cfPsf] /sd vr{ ug{] If]q;DaGwL ljj/0f 64
$=# kl/jf/sf] cf}ift cfDbfgLsf] ljj/0f 68
$=$ kl/jf/sf] cf}ift vr{sf] ljj/0f -vr{sf d'Vo zLif{sx¿_ 70
$=% ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f -b}lgs k|ltJolQm cfDbfgLsf
cfwf/df_ 71
$=^ vfBfGg ;'/Iff tyf cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf 71
$=& cfoft tyf lgof{tsf] cj:yf 71
$=* :yfgLo >f]tdf cfwfl/t sRrf kbfy{x¿ h:t} sf7, vf]6f], h8La'6L, nf]Stf,
cNnf], r'g9'Ëf, dfj{n :n]6, kmnkm"n, vfBfGg cflb_ 71
$=( ;'s'Daf;L hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 71
$=!) a];xf/f ;8s afnaflnsf tyf hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 72
$=!! s[lif tyf kz'k+IfL, df5fkfng tyf cGo 72
$=!!=! d'Vo s[lifhGo pTkfbgx¿sf] ljj/0f -jflif{s pTkfbg pknAw eP;Dd_ 72
$=!!=@ v]tLhf]Go hdLgsf] ljj/0f 73
$=!!=# v]tLof]Uo dWo l;+lrt / cl;+lrt hdLgsf] ljj/0f 73
$=!!=$ afFemf] hdLgsf] ljj/0f 73
$=!!=% vfBfGg afnLdf nfUg] /f]u tyf ls/f 74
$=!!=^ t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"ndf nfUg] /f]u tyf ls/f 74
$=!@ kz'kfng 75
$=!@=! 3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfL kfngsf] cfsf/sf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 75
$=!@=@ s[lif k|of]hgsf] nflu xfn kl/jf/df ePsf] kz'kG5L;DaGwL ljj/0f 76
$=!@=# kz'k+IfL hGo j:t'sf] pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 81
 $=!# kz' gZn 83
$=!#=! kz'k+IfLdf nfUg] /f]u tyf ls/f 83
$=!#=@ kz'k+IfL, vfBfGg, t/sf/L, kmnkm"n, df5f, df}/L, /]zd v]tL cflb;DaGwL
Joj;flos kmd{x¿sf] ljj/0f 84
$=!$ s[lif 84
$=!$=! s[lifsf nflu cfkm"n] rng u/]sf] jf c¿nfO{ rng ug{ lbPsf] hldgsf]
cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 84
$=!$=@ s[lif k]zf c+ufNg] kl/jf/, s[ifs kl/jf/ / pgLx¿n] ef]urng u/]sf] hdLgsf]
ljj/0f 86
$=!$=# v]tLkftLdf pkof]u ePsf] hUuf hdLgsf] cfsf/sf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf]
ljj/0f 87
$=!$=$ s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf] hUuf hdLg l;+rfO ;'ljwf;DaGwL ljj/0f 89
$=!$=% s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf] hUuf hdLg;DaGwL ljj/0f 90
$=!$=^ s[lif pTkfbgdf cfa4 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 92
$=!$=& s[lif afnL pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_ 94
$=!$=* s[lifhGo afnL laqmLsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_ 96
$=!% afnL kfqf] 98
$=!^ s[lif ahf/Ls/0f 98
$=!^=! s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f÷s[lif ;d"xsf] ljj/0f 98
$=!^=@ s[lif pkh ;+sng s]Gb| tyf 8]/Lx¿sf] ljj/0f 99
$=!^=# lr:ofg s]Gb|, e08f/0f s]Gb| tyf 8]/Lx¿sf] ljj/0f 100
$=!^=$ s[lif ks]6 If]qsf] ljj/0f 100
$=!^=% s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgfx¿sf] ljj/0f 101
$=!^=^ s[lif d]nf tyf k|b{zgLx¿sf] ljj/0f 101
$=!& ko{6g ljsf; 101
$=!&=! d'Vo ko{6sLo If]qx¿sf] ljj/0f -wfld{s, P]ltxfl;s, ;fF:s[lts, k|fs[lts_ 102
$=!&=@ ko{6lso k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljj/0f 106
$=!* pBf]u Jofkf/ tyf a}lͪ 107
$=!*=! xfn ;+rflnt ;du| pBf]ux¿sf] ljj/0f 107
$=!*=@ d'Vo Jofkf/sf] ljj/0f -ls/fgf yf]s, cfoft, lgof{t_ 109
$=!*=# vlgh tyf vfgL;DaGwL ljj/0f 109
$=!*=$ d'Vo ahf/ tyf Jofkfl/s s]Gb|x¿sf] ljj/0f 109
$=!*=% qmlds ljsf; eO/x]sf a:tLx¿sf] ljj/0f 110
$=!*=^ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f 111
$=!*=& a}Íx¿sf] ljj/0f 116
$=!*=* a}+s vftf ePsf 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 117
v08– %M ;fdflhs cj:yf 119
%=! lzIff tyf dfgj ;+zfwg 119
%=!=! ;Dk"0f{ ljBfnox¿sf] ljj/0f -db/zf, u'Daf ;d]t_ 120
%=!=@ z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f 120
 %=!=# kfFr jif{ dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] ;du| ;fIf/tf÷lg/If/tf ljj/0f -dlxnf÷k'¿if
b'a}_ 124
%=!=$ !% b]lv ^) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf hg;+Vofsf] ;fIf/tfsf] l:ylt 126
%=!=% % b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf xfn :s"n sn]h uP guPsf] ljj/0f 127
%=!=^ %–@$ jif{ pd]/;d"xsf xfn :s"n÷sn]h ghfg'sf] sf/0fsf cfwf/df ljj/0f129
%=!=& !) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofdf cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s tflnd;DaGwL j8fut
ljj/0f 130
%=!=* tflndsf] cjlwsf] cfwf/df ljj/0f 135
%=@ ckfËtf;DaGwL ljj/0f 135
%=# ljut !@ dlxgfdf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|fKt ug]{ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 137
%=$ :jf:Yo If]qsf] cj:yf 138
%=$=! ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf] cj:yfsf] ljj/0f 138
%=$=@ ljut !@ dlxgfdf ;'Ts]/L ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] ;'Ts]/L u/fPsf] :yfg;DaGwL
ljj/0f 139
%=$=# !% b]lv $( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnfn] xfn;Dd hLljt ;Gtfg lbP÷glbPsf]
ljj/0f 140
%=$=$ kl/jf/ lgof]hg 141
%=$=% vf]ksf] ljj/0f 142
%=$=^ % jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf k"0f{ vf]ko'Qm afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f 143
%=$=& afNosfndf x'g] /f]usf hf]lvd 144
%=$=* lzz' tyf % jif{ d'lgsf afn d[To'b/ 144
%=$=( afnkf]if0f ;DjGwL ljj/0f 145
%=$=!) hGdbfsf] avt lzz'sf] tf}n;DaGwL ljj/0f 145
%=$=!! !) jif{eGbf dflysf hg;+Vofsf] klxnf] ljjfx ubf{sf]] pd]/;DaGwL ljj/0f 148
%=$=!@ klxnf] aRrf hGdlb+bf dlxnfsf] pd]/sf] ljj/0f 149
%=$=!# d'Vo /f]ux¿sf] ljj/0f 150
%=$=!$ bL3{ /f]usf] k|sf/cg';f/ bL3{ /f]uLsf] ljj/0f 151
%=$=!% @)&%÷)&^ df pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf b]vf k/]sf !) k|d'v /f]ux¿sf] ljj/0f153
%=% dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f 153
%=%=! afn Snax¿sf] ljj/0f 153
%=^ v]ns'b tyf dgf]/~hg 155
%=^=! /+uzfnf, v]nd}bfg, Jofofdzfnf;DaGwL ljj/0f 155
%=^=@ kfs{ tyf lkslgs :yn;DaGwL ljj/0f 157
%=& zflGt ;'/Iffsf] ljj/0f 159
v08– ^M hnjfo', jg tyf jftfj/0f 160
^=! hnjfo' 160
^=!=! hnjfo'sf] ;du| ljj/0f 160
^=!=@ hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{gsf c;/x¿ 161
^=!=# hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{gsf c;/x¿ ;fdgf ug]{ sfo{qmdx¿ 161
^=@ jg If]qsf] cj:yf tyf h}ljs ljljwtf 161
 ^=@=!pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf kfO{g] k|d'v jg:klt / jGohGt'x¿sf] ljj/0f 161
^=@=@k|d'v jg:kltx¿sf] ljj/0f -sfi7 tyf u}x| sfi7_ h8La'6L 5'\6\ofP/ 161
^=@=#k|d'v jGohGt'x¿sf] ljj/0f 162
^=@=$k|d'v r/fr'¿ËLx¿sf] ljj/0f 162
^=@=%jgsf k|sf/x¿ juL{s/0f ;lxt ;a}sf] ljj/0f -;fd'bflos, /fli6«o, lghL,
wfld{s cflb_ 163
^=@=^ ;fd'bflos jg 164
^=@=& sj'lnolt jgsf] ljj/0f 166
^=@=* jg k}bfjf/;DaGwL ljj/0f -lgsf;L ePdf_ 166
^=@=( /fli6«o lgs'~h, dWojtL{ If]q, ;+/If0f If]q cflb 166
^=# hn>f]t tyf hnfwf/ If]q 167
^=#=! k|d'v gbL tyf vf]nfx¿ 167
^=$ e"–Ifo ;Defljt If]q 169
^=$=! pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf x'g ;Sg] ;+efljt k|sf]ksf] ljj/0f 169
v08– &M ef}lts ljsf; 171
&=! vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ 171
&=!=! vfg]kfgLsf] >f]tsf] cfwf/df -3/w'/L tYofÍ_ 173
&=!=@ vfg]kfgL z'4 agfpg] tl/sfsf] cfwf/df juL{s/0f 174
&=!=# vfg]kfgL z'4tfsf] cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 176
&=@ zf}rfno 177
&=@=! 3/w'/Lsf] zf}rfno k|of]usf] cj:yf -k|sf/sf] cfwf/df_ 178
&=@=@ kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL;DaGwL ljj/0f -d'Vo ahf/ If]q ;fy} ;j{q_ 179
&=@=# 9n lgsf;sf] cj:yf, Nof08lkmn ;fO6sf] cj:yf 181
&=@=$ ;8s gfnfx¿sf] cj:yf 181
&=# oftfoft k"jf{wf/ 181
&=#=!;8s ;+hfnsf] ljBdfg cj:yf 181
&=#=@;jf/Lsf k|sf/x¿ 191
&=#=#k|d'v ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ¿6x¿ -a; ;]jf tyf 9'jfgL ;]jf_ 191
&=#=$pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f s]Gb| b]lv pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] s]Gb| k'Ug nfUg] cg'dflgt
;do 192
&=#=% j8f s]Gb|af6 pkdxfgu/kflnsf s]Gb|;Dd k'Ug nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do 194
&=#=^ a;kfs{;DaGwL ljj/0f 194
&=#=& j}slNks oftfoft ;]jf 195
&=$ ljB't tyf phf{ 195
&=$=! vfgf ksfpg k|of]u x'g] OGwgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 196
&=$=@ ljB'lts/0fsf] cj:yf 197
&=$=# aQL afNg k|of]u x'g] OGwgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 197
&=$=$ a}slNks phf{sf >f]tx¿sf] ljj/0f 199
&=% /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, kqklqsf, OG6/g]6, 6]lnkmf]g, df]afOn, x'nfs tyf s'l/o/
;]jf;DaGwL tYofÍ ljj/0f 199
 &=%=! kl/jf/df ePsf] ;fwg tyf ;'ljwfsf] ljj/0f 201
&=^ cfjf; tyf ;fj{hlgs ejgx¿ 203
&=^=! kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] 3/sf] :jfldTjsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 203
&=^=@ kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] 3/ ePsf] hUufsf] :jfldTj ljj/0f 205
&=^=# sRrL, kSsL, cw{kSsL 3/sf] k|sf/sf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f 206
&=^=$ kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] sf]7fsf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 208
&=^=% 3/ tyf hdLgdf dlxnfsf] :jfldTj;DaGwL ljj/0f 209
&=^=^ sf]7f jf km\Nof6 ef8fdf lbPsf 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] j8fut ljj/0f 211
&=^=& ;fd'bflos ejgx¿ tyf ;efxn;DaGwL ljj/0f 212
&=^=* pkdxfgu/kflnsf tyf cGo ;/sf/L ejgx¿sf] ljj/0f 215
&=^=( kf6L, kf}jf, wd{zfnf rf}tf/f tyf lj>fd:ynx¿sf] ljj/0f 216
&=^=!) kz'awzfnfx¿sf] ljj/0f 217
&=^=!! zjbfx:yn, lrxfg:ynx¿ tyf sa|:yfgx¿sf] ljj/0f 217
cg';"rLx¿ 219
cg';"rL !M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] ljj/0f 219
cg';"rL @M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f 220
cg';"rL #M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] tYofÍ ;+snsx¿sf] gfdfjnL 222
cg";"rL $M a'6n pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no tyf j8f sfof{nox¿ 225
 tflnsf ;"rL
tflnsf g+= 1M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f ljefhg 4
tflnsf g+= 2M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] e"–pkof]u;DaGwL ljj/0f 9
tflnsf g+= 3M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] le/fnf]kgsf] ljj/0f 13
tflnsf g+= 4M hdLgsf] df]x8fsf] ljj/0f 13
tflnsf g+= 5M hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 18
tflnsf g+= 6M j8fut c'gkl:yt ;lxtsf] hg;+Vof tyf 3/w'/L ljj/0f 19
tflnsf g+= 7M j8fut If]qkmn, hg;+Vof tyf 3/w'/L ljj/0f 19
tflnsf g+= 8M pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ j8fut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 22
tflnsf g+= 9M pd]/ / lnËcg';f/ j8fut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 24
tflnsf g+= 10M !) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] JolQmx¿sf]] j}jflxs l:yltsf] ljj/0f 28
tflnsf g+= 11M xfn pd]/ ;d"xsf cfwf/df !) jif{eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] j}jflxs l:yltsf]
ljj/0f 30
tflnsf g+= 12M hfthftLsf] cfwf/df j8fut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 32
tflnsf g+= 13M dft[efiff cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 33
tflnsf g+= 14M wd{ cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] j8fut ljj/0f 36
tflnsf g+= 15M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 37
tflnsf g+= 16M pd]/ / lnËsf cfwf/df cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 38
tflnsf g+= 17M lnËcg';f/ z}lIfs :t/sf] cfwf/df pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf]
ljj/0f 41
tflnsf g+= 18M cg'kl:yt JolQmsf] cg'kl:yt x'g'sf] sf/0f;DaGwL ljj/0f 43
tflnsf g+= 19M cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] :yfgsf] ljj/0f 45
tflnsf g+= 20M cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] :yfgsf] ljj/0f 46
tflnsf g+= 21M cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] b]zsf] ljj/0f 47
tflnsf g+= 22M cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] lhNnfsf] ljj/0f 48
tflnsf g+= 23M kfFr jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfsf] hGdbtf{sf] cfwf/df j8fut ljj/0f 49
tflnsf g+= 24M kl5Nnf] !@ dlxgfdf kl/jf/sf] ;b:o d[To';DaGwL ljj/0f 50
tflnsf g+= 25M lnÍ / pd]/ cg';f/ ljut !@ dlxgfdf d[To' ePsfsf] ljj/0f 52
tflnsf g+= 26M d[To'sf] sf/0f cg';f/ d[tssf] hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 53
tflnsf g+= 27M d[To' btf{ u/fpg] 3/kl/jf/ 55
tflnsf g+= 28M hGd :yfgsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vof ljj/0f 57
tflnsf g+= 29M cfˆgf] jflif{s cfDbfgLn] kl/jf/ wfGg k'Ug] ;do cjlwsf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf]
ljj/0f 59
tflnsf g+= 30M C0f ePsf 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 60
tflnsf g+= 31M C0f lng'sf] sf/0fsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_ 61
tflnsf g+= 32M C0f lnPsf] >f]tsf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f 63
tflnsf g+= 33M ljk|]z0faf6 cfPsf] /sd vr{ x'g] :yfg;DaGwL ljj/0f 65
tflnsf g+= 34M jflif{s cfDbfgLsf] ljj/0f 69
tflnsf g+= 35M jflif{s cf}ift vr{sf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 70
tflnsf g+= 36M k|d'v s[lif afnL;DaGwL ljj/0f 73
tflnsf g+= 37M vfBfGg afnLdf nfUg] /f]u ljj/0f 74
tflnsf g+= 38M t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"ndf nfUg] /f]u tyf ls/f 74
tflnsf g+= 39M 3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfLkfngsf] cfsf/sf cfwf/df 3/ kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 75
tflnsf g+= 40M ljleGg kz'k+IfL kfNg] s[ifsx¿sf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 76
tflnsf g+= 41M s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu xfn kl/jf/df ePsf] kz'k+IfL;DaGwL ljj/0f 78
tflnsf g+= 42M kz'k+IfL hGo j:t'sf] pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 81
tflnsf g+= 43M pk–dxgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf df}/Lkfng pBdLsf] ljj/0f 84
tflnsf g+= 44M s[lif of]Uo hdLgsf] :jfldTjsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 84
tflnsf g+= 45M s[lif k]zf c+ufNg] kl/jf/, s[ifs kl/jf/ / pgLx¿n] ef]urng u/]sf] hdLgsf]
ljj/0f 86
tflnsf g+= 46M v]tLkftLdf pkof]u ePsf] hUuf hdLgsf] cfsf/sf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
87
tflnsf g+= 47M s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf] hUuf hdLg l;+rfO ;'ljwf;DaGwL ljj/0f 89
tflnsf g+= 48M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf l;+rfO{ cfof]hgfsf] ljj/0f 90
tflnsf g+= 49M s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf] hUuf hdLg;DaGwL ljj/0f 90
tflnsf g+= 50M s[lif pTkfbgdf cfa4 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 92
tflnsf g+= 51M s[lif afnL pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_ 94
tflnsf g+= 52M s[lifhGo afnL ljqmLsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_ 96
tflnsf g+= 53M afnL kfqf] 98
tflnsf g+= 54M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s[lif ;xs/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f 99
tflnsf g+= 55M s[lif ks]6 If]qsf] ljj/0f 100
tflnsf g+= 56M ko{6sLo :ynx¿sf] ljj/0f -wfld{s÷P]ltxfl;s÷k'/ftflTjs_ 103
tflnsf g+= 57M xf]6]n, l/;f]6{, /]i6'/]06 / xf]d:6];DaGwL ljj/0f 106
tflnsf g+= 58M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf pBf]usf] ljj/0f 108
tflnsf g+= 59M j8fcg';f/ d'Vo Jofkfl/s tyf ahf/ s]Gb|sf] ljj/0f 110
tflnsf g+= 60M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf d'Vo j:tLsf] ljj/0f 111
tflnsf g+= 61M ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿ lj:t[t ljj/0f 112
tflnsf g+= 62M a}Fs tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd 116
tflnsf g+= 63M kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] a}+s vftf ePsf] cfwf/df 3/ kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 117
tflnsf g+= 64M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f 120
tflnsf g+= 65M z}lIfs ;q @)&% cg';f/ z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f 120
tflnsf g+= 66M % jif{ jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] pd]/ ;d"xsf hg;+Vofsf] j8fut ;fIf/tfsf] ljj/0f
124
tflnsf g+= 67M % jf ;f] eGbf dflysf ;fIf/ hg;+Vofn] pQL0f{ u/]sf] tx cg';f/ ljj/0f 125
tflnsf g+= 68M !% b]lv ^) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf hg;+Vofsf] ;fIf/tfsf] l:ylt 126
tflnsf g+= 69M % b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf xfn :s"n sn]h uP guPsf] ljj/0f 127
tflnsf g+= 70M %–@$ jif{ pd]/;d"xsf xfn :s"n÷sn]h ghfg'sf] sf/0fsf cfwf/df ljj/0f 129
tflnsf g+= 71M !) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofdf cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s tflnd;DaGwL j8fut
ljj/0f 130
tflnsf g+= 72M cf}krfl/s tflndsf] ljifosf] cfwf/df j8fut ljj/0f 133
tflnsf g+= 73M tflnd cjlwsf] cfwf/df ljj/0f 135
tflnsf g+= 74M ckfËtfsf] lsl;d cg';f/ hg;+Vof ljj/0f 136
tflnsf g+= 75M ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf] cj:yfsf] ljj/0f 138
tflnsf g+= 76M ;'Ts]/L ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] ;'Ts]/L u/fPsf] :yfg;DaGwL ljj/0f 139
tflnsf g+= 77M !% b]lv $( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnfn] xfn;Dd hLljt ;Gtfg lbP÷glbPsf]
ljj/0f 140
tflnsf g+= 78M kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ljjj/0f 141
tflnsf g+= 79M vf]k ;]jfsf] ljj/0f 142
tflnsf g+= 80M vf]k ;]jf 5f]8\g] afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f 142
tflnsf g+= 81M % jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf k"0f{ vf]ko'Qm afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f 143
tflnsf g+= 82M afnkf]if0f;DaGwL ljj/0f 145
tflnsf g+= 83M ljut !@ dlxgfdf hGd]sf lzz'x¿sf] hGdbfsf] tf}nsf cfwf/df j8fut ljj/0f
146
tflnsf g+= 84M !) jif{eGbf dflysf hg;+Vofsf] klxnf] ljjfx ubf{sf]] pd]/;DaGwL ljj/0f 148
tflnsf g+= 85M !%–$( pd]/;d"xsf ljjflxt dlxnfx¿sf] klxnf] aRrf hlGdbfsf] pd]/;DaGwL
ljj/0f 150
tflnsf g+= 86M bL3{/f]u /f]usf] k|sf/cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 151
tflnsf g+= 87M bL3{/f]u /f]usf] ePsf] cjlwsf] cfwf/ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f 152
tflnsf g+= 88M cf]lkl8 btf{sf] cfwf/df d'Vo !% /f]ux¿sf] ljj/0f 153
tflnsf g+= 89M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf o'jf Snjsf] ljj/0f 154
tflnsf g+= 90M /+uzfnf, v]n d}bfg, Jofofdzfnf, kf}8L kf]v/L;DaGwL ljj/0f 156
tflnsf g+= 91M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ePsf] kfs{, lkslgs :yn tyf dgf]/~hg :ynx¿sf]
ljj/0f 158
tflnsf g+= 92M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf zflGt ;'/Iffsf ljj/0f 159
tflnsf g+= 94M jGohGt' tyf kz'k+IfL 162
tflnsf g+= 95M ;fd'bflos jgx¿sf] ljj/0f 165
tflnsf g+= 96M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ePsf gbLgfnf, vf]nf, tfn, kf]v/L, l;d;f/ If]q,
em/gfx¿sf] ljj/0f 167
tflnsf g+= 97M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf x'g ;Sg] ;+efljt k|sf]ksf] ljj/0f 169
tflnsf g+= 98M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljj/0f 171
tflnsf g+= 99M vfg]kfgLsf] d'Vo >f]tsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 173
tflnsf g+= 100M vfg]kfgL z'4 agfpg] tl/sfsf] cfwf/df juL{s/0f 174
tflnsf g+= 101M vfg]kfgLsf] z'4tfsf] cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj0f 176
tflnsf g+= 102M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnosf] ljj/0f 177
tflnsf g+= 103M kl/jf/n] k|of]u ug]{ rkL{sf] k|sf/sf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 178
tflnsf g+= 104M kmf]x/ d}nf Joj:yfkg ug]{ :yfgsf] cfwf/ ljj/0f 179
tflnsf g+= 105M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf d'Vo ;8sx¿ 183
tflnsf g+= 106M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf k'nk'n];f;DaGwL ljj/0f 187
tflnsf g+= 107M ;8s ;'ljwf kx'rsf] k|sf/sf] cfwf/df j8fut 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 190
tflnsf g+= 108M oftfoft ¿6sf] ljj/0f 191
tflnsf g+= 109M 6f9fsf] j:tLaf6 ;DalGwt j8f s]Gb|;Dd nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do 193
tflnsf g+= 110M j8f s]Gb|jf6 pkdxfgu/kflnsf s]Gb|;Dd hfg nfUg] ;do 194
tflnsf g+= 111M vfgf ksfpg] OGwgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 196
tflnsf g+= 112M b}lgs aQL afNg k|of]u ul/g] OGwgsf] ljj/0f 197
tflnsf g+= 113M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ;~rf/sf] ljj/0f 199
tflnsf g+= 114M kl/jf/df ePsf] ;fwg tyf ;'ljwfsf] ljj/0f 201
tflnsf g+= 115M kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] 3/sf] :jfldTjsf] juL{s/0f 203
tflnsf g+= 116M kl/jf/ a;f]af; ul//x]sf] 3/ /x]sf] hUufsf] :jfldTjsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf]
ljj/0f 205
tflnsf g+= 117M 3/sf] lsl;dsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ ljj/0f 206
tflnsf g+= 118M kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] sf]7fsf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f 208
tflnsf g+= 119M 3/ tyf hdLgdf dlxnfsf] :jfldTj;DaGwL ljj/0f 209
tflnsf g+= 120M sf]7f jf km\Nof6 ef8fdf lbPsf 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] j8fut ljj/0f 211
tflnsf g+= 121M ;fd'bflos ejgx¿sf] ljj/0f 212
tflnsf g+= 122M ;fj{hlgs kf6Lkf}jf tyf rf}tf/fx¿sf] ljj/0f 216
tflnsf g+= 123M zjbfx:yn, lrxfg:ynx¿ tyf sa|:yfgx¿sf] ljj/0f 217
 v08– !M e"ldsf
!=! k[i7e"ld
g]kfnL hgtfsf] alnbfgk"0f{ nfdf] ;+3if{kl5 g]kfndf ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHo Joj:yf
sfod ePsf] 5 . ljZje/ ljleGg b]zx¿df ;kmn cEof;df cfPsf] of] Joj:yf g]kfndf gf}nf]
ePsfn] o;df cEo:t x'g s]xL ;do cem} cjZo nfUg] b]lvG5 . ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] ;an kIf
eg]sf] hgtf s]lGb|t zf;g xf] . g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL cGt{ut /fHosf] ;+/rgfnfO{ tLg txdf
ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . ;+3df ;+3Lo ;/sf/, k|b]z:t/df k|b]z ;/sf/ tyf :yfgLo txx¿df :yfgLo
;/sf/ /xg] ;+j}wflgs k|jwfg cg'¿k h/fwf/ txsf] zf;sLo cEof; :yfgLo ;/sf/ lgjf{x ug'{kg{]
x'G5 . o;sf nflu cg';"rLx¿df ljleGg clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL * sf]
qm=;+= ^ df :yfgLo tYofÍ / clen]v ;+sng;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ ePsf]
pNn]v 5 eg] :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf !! -@_ sf] r df dfly pNn]lvt
ljifonfO{ yk lj:tf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
;fy} g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$n] k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L
;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] tof/ kf/]sf] gu/÷ufpF j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/L
sfo{ljlw, @)&% cg'¿k:yfgLo :t/sf ljsf;sf] of]hgf lgdf{0f, gLlt lgdf{0f tyf :yfgLo ;"rgfsf]
k|d'v >f]tsf] ¿kdf /xg] of] j:t'ut ljj/0fn] gu/kflnsfsf] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] ;d'lrt lbzftkm{
pGd'v x'g ;xof]u ug]{ ljZjf;sf ;fy of] k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] 5 .
!=@ p2]Zo
kfZj{lrq lgdf{0fsf] k|d'v p2]Zo eg]s} gu/kflnsf÷ufpFkflnsfsf] ;du| j:t'ut cj:yfsf]
hfgsf/Lx¿nfO{ ;'–Jojl:yt 9Ën] clen]vLs/0f ug]{ / tL tYofÍ Pj+ ;"rgfx¿nfO{ cWofjlws ub}{
;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;"rgf pknJw u/fpg' xf] . o; afx]s kfZj{lrqsf cGo ljlzi6 p2]Zox¿
lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .
s_ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;du| ef}lts k"jf{wf/, cfly{s kIf, ;fdflhs kIf, k|fs[lts
;Dkbf tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ;Da4 kIfx¿sf] ;"rgf tyf tYofÍsf] clen]v tof/
kfg]{ .
v_ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]] ;]jf k|jfx tyf ;+:yfut ;+oGqx¿ af/]sf ;"rgf tyf
tYofÍx¿sf] clen]v tof/ ug]{ .
u_ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ;an kIfx¿, b'a{n kIfx¿, cj;/x¿r'gf}tL tyf ;+efjgfsf]
ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
3_ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]] ljleGg ljifout cfwf/ gS;f tof/ ug]{ .
ª_ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]] ;du| hg;f+lVos, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ef}lts, k|fs[lts,
P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts tYofÍx¿sf] JofVof / ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
r_ k|fKt ;"rgfx¿sf] juL{s/0f u/L ;'Jojl:yt / ;/n 9+un] ;j{;fwf/0fn] a'em\g ;Sg]
u/L ljleGg v08df ljefhg u/L k|:t't ug]{ .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 1

 5_ dfly pNn]lvt ;Dk"0f{ ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt Psd'i6 tYofÍLo cfwf/ tof/ kfg]{ .
!=# sfg"gL tyf gLltut cfwf/x¿
k[i7e"lddf pNn]v ePh:t} pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/Lsf lgDg cfwf/x¿ /x]sf
5g\ .
-s_ j}wflgs cfwf/
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL * nfO{ JofVof ug{ ag]sf] :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g @)&$ n]
:yfgLo tYofÍx¿sf] clen]v tof/ u/L cWofjlws ug]{ clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo txnfO{ g}
k|bfg u/]sf]n] gu/kflnsfnfO{ kfZj{lrq tof/ kfg]{ cfwf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
-v_ gLltut cfwf/x¿
gLltut cfwf/x¿ cGt{ut g]kfn ;/sf/n] tof/ kf/]sf] cfjlws of]hgfx¿, gLltx¿, k|fb]lzs
gLltx¿ / oL gLltx¿sf cfwf/df tof/ ePsf :yfgLo txsf gLltx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{]
k"j{zt{sf¿kdf cfjZos tYofÍx¿sf] clgjfo{tf x'g] ePsfn] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;du| ;"rgfx¿
tof/ kfg'kg]{ gLltut cfjZostf /x]sf] / ;"rgf Joj:yfkgsf] gLltut Joj:yf ;d]t /x]sfn]
;f]sf nflu of] j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] .
-u_ :yfgLo cfjZostf
:yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng ug{ tyf :yfgLo cfZostfx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ j:t'ut ;"rgfx¿sf]
cfjZostf kb{5 . :yfgLo cfjZostfx¿sf] klxrfg kZrft ljsf; lgdf{0f gLlt, of]hgf tyf
sfo{qmdx¿ to ug{ ;lsG5 . t;y{ ;du| ljsf; k|lqmofnfO{ cuf8L a9fpFb} :yfgLo ;/sf/
;~rfng ug{ cfjZos ;"rgf tyf tYofÍx¿sf] ;Fufnf]sf] 6\8sf/f] cfjZostf /xg] x'Fbf of] g}
j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/Lsf] csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ xf] .
-3_ cGo cfwf/x¿
oL afx]s g]kfnn] kIf /fi6« eO{ x:tfIf/ u/]sf cGt/fli6«o ;lGw tyf ;Demf}tfx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{
;d]t j:t'ut ;"rgfx¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . lbuf] ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf
c;/x¿ Go"gLs/0f ug{, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf ug{, kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng sfod u/L lbuf]
ljsf; ug{ tYok/s ;"rgfx¿sf] cfjZostf kg]{ ePsfn] oL cfjZostfsf cfwf/df of] ljj/0f
tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] .
!=$ tof/L k|lqmof (Methodology)
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrqsf] tof/L ubf{ k|of]u ul/Psf ljlwx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ —
 ljlzi6Ls[t k|ZgfjnL lgdf{0f u/L Android Apps åf/f k|To]s 3/kl/jf/sf] hg;f+lVos,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ef}lts kIfx¿sf] ljj/0f k|fKt ug{ u0fsx¿ kl/rfng u/L
cfjZos tYofÍ ;+sng ul/Psf] .
 o;df pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ljleGg ljifout zfvf, ljifout sfof{no tyf ljleGg
;+3;+:yfx¿af6 pknAw tYofÍx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 2

  ;a}j8fsf cWoIf tyf cGo kbflwsf/L;Fu k|ToIf cGt/jftf{ ljlw k|of]u u/L tYofª\s
;+sng ul/Psf] .
 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng@)&^, / cGo ljleGg ;j]{If0f cflbsf gLlthfx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
5.
 o; cWoog k|ltj]bgdf tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0fsf j|mddf ljleGg tflnsfx¿, lrqx¿ tyf
gS;fsf] k|of]u u/L j0f{gfTds tyf t'ngfTds ¿kdf ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
kfZj{lrq tof/ ug]{ sfo{ k|fylds (Primary)tyf låQLo (Secondary);|f]taf6 ;"rgf ;+sng k4tL
pkof]u ul/Psf] 5 . e"–pkof]u, ;8sx¿ / ;f] sf] u'0f:t/ tyf jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofx¿;Fu
;DalGwt k|fylds tYofÍx¿, l8lh6n tYofÍ (GIS Data), :yn:j¿k gS;f, xjfO{ gS;f, gfkL
gS;f, :ynut lg/LIf0f tyf cGt/jftf{ h:tf ;|f]t Pj+ ljlwx¿sf] oyf;Dej pkof]u ul/Psf]
5 .o;sf ;fy} pkdxfgu/kflnsfl:yt ljleGg ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L lgsfox¿sf kbflwsf/Lx¿,
j'l4hLljx¿, pknAw k|ltli7t\ JolQmTjx¿;Fu 5nkmn Pj+ cGtjf{tf{ u/L pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf k|d'v
;d:of Pj+ ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿ dfly hfgsf/L lnOPsf] 5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ;du|
tYofÍx¿ h:t} ef}lts, jftfj/0fLo, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ljQLo Pj+ ;+:yfut tYofÍx¿ gu/kflnsf
sfof{no nufot gu/kflnsfl:yt ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L sfof{nox¿sf] /]s8{af6 / s]xL tYofÍx¿
ljefu tyf cGo lgsfox¿af6 k|sflzt k|ltj]bg Pj+ k':tsx¿ cWoogaf6 ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 .
!=% j:t'l:ylt ljj/0fsf] ;Ldf
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd
pkdxfgu/kflnsf kfZj{lrq tof/ ubf{ k|of]u ul/Psf tYof+sx¿sf] ;|f]t / cfwf/ jif{ v'nfOPsf]
5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L sfof{no, cGo ;+3;+:yfn] pknAw
u/fPsf tYofÍ, s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu, ljleGg dGqfno, ljefux¿, ;DalGwt pkdxfgu/kflnsf
cflb ;|f]tx¿af6 pknAw tYofÍsf] cfwf/df of] j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . kfZj{lrqsf]
cjwf/0ffcg';f/ o;n]a'6an pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;Dk"0f{ kIfsf] oyfy{ hfgsf/L ;/n Pj+ :ki6
¿kdf k|:t't ub{5 . cWoognfO{ oyfzSo j:t'ut agfpg] k|of; :j¿k k|fKt tYofÍx¿nfO{
oyf;Dej ¿kdf k/LIf0f ul/Psf] 5 . tyflk ;|f]t, ;fwg tyf ;"rgf Joj:yfkgsf ;Lldttfsf
sf/0f ck]lIft ;Dk"0f{ ;"rgfx¿ k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 3

v08– @M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] lrgf/L -ef}lts tyf ;du| rl/q_
@=! ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, l;dfgf tyf k|zf;lgs ljefhg
@=!=! ef}uf]lnscjl:ylt, ;Ldfgf
g]kfnsf] kl5Nnf] k|zf;lgs ljefhg cg';f/ a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf n'lDjgL k|b]z
cGtu{t¿kGb]xL lhNnfsf !^ :yfgLo txx¿ dWo] Ps kb{5 .a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf ef}uf]lns
lx;fan] *#°@!’#(=@Æ b]lv *#°#)’@=%$Æ k"jL{ b]zfGt/;Dd /@&°#^’%%=&Æ b]lv @&°$$’%%=!)Æ
pQ/L cIff+z;Dd km}lnP/ k|fs[lts dgf]/d ;+/rgf ;lxt xf]rf] e"–efub]lv kxf8L If]qdf cjl:yt 5
. of] pkdxfgu/kflnsf ;d'b|L ;txjf6 !!% ld6/ b]lv !)%* ld6/sf] prfO{df /x]sf] 5 .
!)#=&&ju{=ls=dL= If]qkmn /x]sf] o; a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] k"j{df b]jbx gu/kflnsf,
klZrddf ;}gfd}gf gu/kflnsf, pQ/df kfNkf lhNnfsf] ltgfp ufFpkflnsf tyf blIf0fdf ltnf]]Qdf
gu/kflnsf / ;'4f]wg ufFpkflnsf kb{5g\ . g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf kg{] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] s]xL
efudf v]tLof]Uo pj{/ hdLgn] cf]u6]sf] eP klg clwsf+z efu cfjf; If]qn] cf]u6]sf] 5 . hn,
h+un, hdLg, hgfj/ / h8La'6Lsf] sld gePsf] o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ;fgf7"nf u/L w]/} vf]nf
/ vf]N;fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
@=!=@ k|zf;lgs ljefhg
tTsfnLg ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoåf/f lj=;+= @)&! d+l;/ !^ ut] a'6jn
gu/kflnsfjf6 a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf :t/f]GgLlt ePsf] o; If]qdf b]xfo adf]lhd ;fljssf]
a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] @@ j6f j8fx¿ ;d]6]/ !( j6f j8fx¿ sfod ul/Psf] 5 . xfn
a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;+/rgf o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 1 M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f ljefhg
xfn sfod ul/Psf ;dfj]z ePsf gu/kflnsfsf
;dfj]z ePsf gu/kflnsfx¿ If]qkmn
j8f g+= j8fx¿
1 a'6jn 1-3 3.54

2 a'6jn 4 2.95

3 a'6jn 5 2.96

4 a'6jn 6 3.92

5 a'6jn 7 2.34

6 a'6jn 8 6.00

7 a'6jn 9 0.96

8 a'6jn 10 0.62

9 a'6jn 11 4.26

10 a'6jn 12 5.17

11 a'6jn 13 27.43

12 a'6jn 14 10.37

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 4

 xfn sfod ul/Psf ;dfj]z ePsf gu/kflnsfsf
;dfj]z ePsf gu/kflnsfx¿ If]qkmn
j8f g+= j8fx¿
13 a'6jn 15 4.85

14 a'6jn 16 5.01

15 a'6jn 17 5.37

16 a'6jn 18 5.55

17 a'6jn 19 6.72

18 a'6jn 20 0.23

19 a'6jn 21,22 5.52

;|f]t M a'6jnpkdxfgu/kflnsf,@)&^

gS;f g+= 1 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] k|zf;lgsljefhg

@=@ P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld tyf gfdfs/0f

a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf gfdfs/0f oxfFsf] P]ltxfl;s tyf Jofkfl/s s]Gb| a'6jn ahf/sf] gfdaf6
ul/Psf] xf] . xfnsf] a'6jn ahf/nfO{ klxn] …a6f}nLÚ elgGYof] . a6f}nL k|frLgsfnb]lv g} kfNkf
nufotsf kxf8sf pTkfbg tyf t/fO{sf] pTkfbg vl/b laqmL ul/g] dxTjk"0f{ ahf/ lyof] .
Oltxf;sf kfgf cem} kN6fpb} hfFbf O=k" %*!–$^! df slkna:t'df /fhf z'4f]wgn] /fHo uy{] .
pgs} ;'k'q l;4fy{ uf}td kl5 af}4 wd{sf k|jt{s ag] . plta]n} xfnsf] a'6jn zfSo u0ftGqsf]
slknj:t' /fHosf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ lx:;fsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . zfSo j+zkl5 ef/tdf

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 5

d'unn] cfqmd0f u/]kl5 efu]sf g'yf /fo;]gn] ;]g /fHo :yfkgf u/L kfNkf /fHosf] dxTjk"0f{ c+zsf]
¿kdf a6f}nL ahf/sf] ljsf; u/]sf] lyP .
g]kfn PsLs/0fsf] cleofgsf qmddf lj=;+= !*^! h]7 @) ut] uf]vf{nL ;]gfn] >Lgu/sf /fhf
k[YjLkfn ;]gsf] b/af/ sAhf u/]kl5 xfnsf] a\'6jn kfNkf /fHo cGtu{t kb{} cfPsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn
/fHodf ufleg k'Uof] . PsLs/0f kZrft ef/tdf zf;g ul//x]sf] c+u|]h zf;sn] lst{] sfuh tyf
a+ufnsf gjfjn] s/ ltg{] zt{df ;]g /fhfx¿nfO{ ef]u ug{ lbPsf] hdLg eg]/ s'ts{ u/L a'6jndf
Ps yfgfrf}sL /fv]/ k|zf;g rnfP . t/ tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL led;]g yfkfnfO{ of] s'/f ;}Xo x'g]
s'/} ePg . aneb| s'Fj/ nufotsf ef/bf/x¿n] /f}tx6sf @@ ufpF c+u|]hnfO{ ;'lDkP/ a'6jn
arfpg c+u|]h;Fu ;lGw ug{] ;Nnfx lbP klg led;]g yfkfn] dfg]gg\ . pgsf] ts{df c+u|]hx¿ l;of]
agL l5g{] / d';n agL kmls{g] x'gfn] g]kfnsf] cl:tTj g} ;+s6df kg{] ts{ ub{} c+u|]h;Fu o'4sf nflu
tof/ eP . o;} lg0f{o adf]lhd dlg/fh kmf}hbf/sf] g]t[Tjdf kfNkfjf6 ;}Go kmf}h cfO{ a'6jn /
l;p/fhsf yfgfaf6 c+u|]hnfO{ wkfO{ g]kfnL k|zf;g rnfP . tTsfn} c+u|]h ueg{/ n8{ x]l:68\;n]
PstkmL{ o'4sf] 3f]if0ff u/] . g]kfnsf tkm{af6 kfNkfsf k|d'v k|zf;s s0f{]n plh/l;+x yfkfn] a6f}nL
lsNnf -lhtu9L lsNNff_ agfO{ a;] . hg/n ;'lndfg p8sf] g]t[Tjdf cfPsf] sl/a rf/xhf/ kmf}h
ltgfp gbL lt/}lt/ cfO{ lhtu9Ltkm{ cufl8 a9\bf g]kfnL kmf}hn] rnfPsf] uf]nL nfu]/ d]h/ x\of6 /
OlGhlgo/ n]lˆ6g]G6 df]l/;g 3fOt] ePkl5 c+u|]h kmf}h lkmtf{ eof] . k'g M !*&@ a}zfvsf] klxnf]
xKtf c+u|]h kmf}hn] v:of}nLtkm{af6 lhtu9Ldf cfqmd0f ug{] qmddf g]kfnL kmf}hn] cGwfw'Gb uf]nL
rnfpFbf lgs} c+u|]hL kmf}hsf] xtfxtL eof] / c+u|]h ;]gf efu] . o;/L a6f}nLu9L lhtu9Ldf kl/0ft
eof] . ;+;f/df st} klg k/flht gePsf] ;fd|fHojfbL c+u|]h ;]gfnfO{ x/fP/ jL/tfsf] uf}/j ufyf
n]v]sf] of] lhtu9L lsNnfn] g]kfnLsf] /0fsf}zn, ;fx;, kf}/v, lj/tf tyf b]zelQmsf] Oltxf;
af]s]sf] 5 . xfn lhtu9L a'6jnsf] dxTjk"0f{ P]ltxfl;s w/f]x/sf] ¿kdf o;} pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
/x]sf] 5 .
a6f}nL ahf/sf] gfdfs/0f s;/L /xg uof] eGg] ;DaGwdf ;a} ljåfgsf] dtP]Sotf 5}g . s;}n]
lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{ tyf ;Ldf kfl/sf k/fO{ ;d]t a6'lnFbf a6'lnb} …a6f}nLÚ ePsf] ts{ u5{g\ eg]
csf{y/L dt cg';f/ uf}td a'4sL cfdf dfofb]jLsf] dfOtL xfnsf] a'6jnaf6 k"j{tkm{sf] l;dfgf
/x]sf] b]jbxdf lyof] . ctM a'4sf] dfjnL glhssf] :yfgdf kg{] x'Fbf a'4sf] gfdaf6 a'4aNnL elgb}
sfnfGt/df cke|;+ eO{…a6f}nLÚ ePsf] elgPsf] 5 .km]l/ k|frLgsfnb]lv g} lxdfn / kxf8sf
dflg;x¿ t/fO{lt/ emg{] tyf t/fO{sf dflg;x¿ kxf8 / lxdfnlt/ ljljw k|of]hgsf nflu
cfjthfjt uy{] . pgLx¿nfO{ …a6'jfÚ elgG5 . …a6'jfÚ a:g] ufpFnfO{ …a6'jf jfnÚ jf …a6'jf jnLÚ
elgG5 . …a6'jf jfnÚ jf …a6'jf jnLÚ hd36 eO/xFbf hglha|f]n] sfnfGt/df …a6f}nLÚ agfPsf] x'g
;S5 . st}st} Jofkfl/s s]Gb| ePsf] / ;/;fdu|L a6'Ng] 7fpF ePsf]n] klg a6f}nL /xg uPsf]
ljZjf; kfOG5 .
a6f}nL ahf/ ltgfp gbLsf] klZrdL lsgf/fdf ;fF3'l/Psf] cj:yfdf lyof] . ltgfp k"j{sf] ahf/nfO{
eg] v:of}nL elgGYof] . xfnsf] a'6jnn] ltgfp gbLsf] k"j{ / klZrdsf] b'j} If]qnfO{ ;d]6]/ ljzfn
If]qnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 .k|fKt hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/df a'6jnsf] Oltxf; dfgj;Eotfsf] pb\ud cj:yfb]lv
g} /lxcfPsf] 5 . lj=;+= @)#& lt/ cd]l/sf tyf g]kfnsf] ;+o'St 6f]nLn] u/]sf] cg';Gwfgdf
l;4afaf dlGb/ If]q l:yt ltgfp gbL lsgf/df cfheGbf sl/j Ps s/f]8 bz nfv jif{eGbf k'/fgf]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 6

dfgj hflt /fdflky]s;sf] bfFt e]l6of] . of] kx/fdf 6fFl;Psf] cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf] bfFt ljZjsf
cfh;Dd km]nf k/]sf] s]Gof / kfls:tfg kl5sf] t];|f] k'/fgf] cflbd dfgj cjz]if xf] . o;af6 klg
:ki6 x'G5 a'6jn dfgj pb\ej sfnb]lv g} cl:yTjdf /lxcfPsf] 5 . oxfF ;+rflnt lqmofsnfkx¿n]
a'6jn g]kfns} gd"gf ;x/sf] ¿kdf lgdf{0f x'g uO/x]sf] efg x'G5 .
@=# w/ftnLo cj:yf -e"–If]qsf] k|s[lt le/fnf]kg tyf prfO, df]x8f_
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ef}lts cj:yfsf] ljj/0f tof/ kfbf{ oxfFsf] w/ftnLo cj:yfsf af/]df pNn]v
ug'{ clgjfo{ x'G5 . If]qkmnsf lx;fan] ;fgf] eP tfklg g]kfn w/ftnLo ljljwtfsf lx;fan] ljZjd}
;DkGg dflgG5 . ljz]iftM ef}ule{s k|lqmofsf bf}/fg kl5Nnf] ;dodf lgdf{0f ePsf] lxdfno kj{t
lxd>[ª\vnf lgdf{0f x'Fbf ltAatLog e"–v08 / ef/tLo pkxflåksf] Ps cfk;df 6s/fj x'Fbf oL b'O{
e"–v08sf aLrdf /x]sf] 6]ly; ;fu/sf] cl:tTj ;dfKt eO{ pRr lxdfno kj{t, dWod dxfef/t
kj{t >[ª\vnf tyf xf]rf r'/] kj{t >[ª\vnf / ;a}eGbf blIf0f e]udf km}lnPsf] ljzfn u+ufsf]
d}bfgsf] c+zsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] t/fO{ e"–efu ldn]/ ;du| b]zsf] e"–;tx lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . of]
cfwf/e"t e"–w/ftnsf] j:t'ut rl/qx¿ dWo] Ps jf csf]{ k|sf/sf] e"–w/ftnsf] k|wfgtf xfd|f
pkdxfgu/kflnsf, ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] kfO{G5 .
e"–w/ftnLo :j¿kn] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf cxd\ e"ldsf v]Nb5 . e"–w/ftnsf] ljj/0f cGtu{t ljz]ift M
le/fnf]kg, df]x8f, prfO{, e"–cfj/0f, df6f]sf] agfj6h:tf cfwf/e"t kIfx¿ kb{5g\ .
a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf xfnsf] gofF ;+/rgf cg';f/ n'lDjgL k|b]z cGtu{t /x]sf]t/fO{ lhNnf
¿kGb]xLdf kb{5 . k|foh;f] blIf0f dxf]8f kms{]sf] ePklg k"j{, klZrd, pQ/ / blIf0f ;a}lt/
kmls{Psf] e"jgf]6 kfOG5 . of] dxfef/t >[+vnfsf] Ps v08 ePsf]n] pRr efux¿ tyf 9'+uf tyf
anf}6] df6f] 5 . a]zLlt/ embf{ kfFuf] df6f] kfOG5 . of] df6f] cGg pTkfbgsf] nflu lgs} /fd|f] df6f]
xf] .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 7

 gS;f g+= 2 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] prfO{sf] gS;f

@=$ e"–pkof]usf] ljj/0f

dfgj hfltsf] ;[li6 / hghLjg e"–w/ftndf pknAw k|fs[lts >f]tx¿sf] pkof]usf cfwf/df c8]sf]
5 . dfgjLo cl:tTj leqsf ;du| dfgjLo ultljlwx¿ p;n] pkof]u ug]{ hdLg tyf hdLgdf pknAw
>f]tx¿df k"0f{tM lge{/ ub{5 . t;y{ e"–cfj/0f cGtu{t dflg;n] pkof]udf Nofpg] jg If]q, v]tLof]Uo
hdLg, hn, afn'jf, lxdfn, kxf8 cflbsf] tYofÍnfO{ e"–pkof]u cGtu{t pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .a'6jn
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] e"–pkof]u;DaGwL ljj/0f lgDg cg';f/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 8

 gS;f g+= 3 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] e"–pkof]usf] gS;f
tflnsf g+= 2 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] e"–pkof]u;DaGwL ljj/0f
hdLgsf] lsl;d If]qkmn -ju{ ls=dL=df_ k|ltzt
afFemf] hdLg 0.19 0.19

cfjf; If]q 20.31 19.57

emf8L, a'6\ofg 1.22 1.18

le/ 0.003 0.002

v]ltof]Uo hdLg 24.54 23.65

jg h+un 50.38 48.55

au}Frf 0.02 0.02

afn'jf 5.70 5.49

hn If]q 1.40 1.35

hDdf 103.77 100.00

o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] jt{dfg e"–pkof]unfO{ x]bf{ $*=%%k|ltzt cyf{t ;a}eGbf w]/} jg

If]qn]cf]u6]sf] 5 eg] bf];|f]df @#=^%k|ltztdf v]tLof]Uo hdLg /x]sf] 5 . s'g}klg :yfgsf] ;du| e"–
cfj/0f dWo] $) k|ltzt eGbf a9L jg If]q x'g' jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ngsf lx;fan] ;'vb ljifo xf] .
oBkL ;f] jgsf] k"0f{ ;b'kof]u / j}1flgs Joj:yfkg x'g' eg] clgjfo{ 5 . pknAw hdLg dWo]
v]tLof]Uo hdLgsf] c+z ;d]t /fd|f] /x]sf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ v]tLof]Uo hdLgdf j}1flgs s[lif k|0ffnL
canDag ug{ ;s] pTkfbgsf] ;d]t /fd|f] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] e"–pkof]usf]
csf]{ pNn]vgLo kIf eg]sf] oxfFsf] emf8L, a'6\ofg tyf v]/ u}/x]sf] hdLgn] cf]u6]sf] e"–efusf] c+z xf]
a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 9
cyf{t ;f] e"–efun] s'n e"–efusf] !=!* k|ltzt cf]u6]sf] 5 . cfjf; If]qn] cf]u6]sf] e"–efu!(=%&
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . afn'jf / ju/ If]q %=$(k|ltzt ;fy} hnIf]qn] cf]u6]sf] e"–efu lgs} sd cyf{t
!=#%k|ltzt dfq b]lvG5 .
e"–pkof]u ;DaGwL ljj/0f

0.02%

48.55%
5.49%

1.35%

0.18%
19.57%

23.65%

1.18%

0.00%

afFemf] hldg cfjf; If]q emf8L, a'6\ofg le/ v]ltof]Uo hldg jg h+un au}Frf afn'jf hn If]q

@=% df6f]sf] agfj6

a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ef}ule{s ;+/rgf lxdfno kj{t lxd>[ª\vnf -lqmi6nfOg_ lgdf{0f x'Fbfsf]
avt ePsf] xf] . oBlk w/ftnLo Profile x]bf{ df6f] / r§fgx¿df ljljwtf /x]sf] kfOG5 . o;sf]
sf/0f e"–w/ftndf lg/Gt/ eO{/xg] k|fs[lts k|lqmofx¿ -Natural Phenomena_ h:t} df};d tyf
Ct' kl/jt{g, e"–Ifo, jfo'd08nLo rfksf] k|efj, jiff{, zLt, lxdkft, e'sDk, hnjfo' kl/jt{g,
;fdfGo xfjfx'/L, klx/f] cflb x'g\ . gu/sf] pQ/L If]qdf r'/] kj{t >[ªvnf / To;cGtu{tsf] efj/
k|b]z /x]sf] 5 eg] To;eGbf blIf0fL efudf ;dy/ t/fO If]q /x]sf] 5 . e"cfs[ltdf ePsf] o; km/s
cg';f/ o; tLg If]qdf kfOg] df6f]sf] agf]6df klg km/s kfOG5 . pQ/L r'/] If]qdf kfOg]
r6\6fgx¿df 9'Ëf, anf}6], r§fg, afn'jf, v;|f] afn'jf, l;N6 / ;]n nufot Sand Stone /
Conglomerates sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] 5 eg] dWo efj/ If]qdf u|fe]n, afn'jf, km';|f], /ftf] xNsf bf]d6
tyf cln lrD6fOnf] lsl;dsf] df6f] kfOG5 . o;} u/L gu/sf] blIf0fL e"efudf cjl:yt o; If]qdf
lrD6fOnf], anf}6] / bf]d6 df6f] kfOG5 .
@=^ e"–If]qsf] auL{s/0f

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 10

 gS;f g+= 4 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] le/fnf]kgfsf] gS;f
a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] e"ldnfO{ e"–agf}6, k|0ffnL, tyf e"–:vngh:tf k|j[lQsf cfwf/df
cWoog ubf{ e"ldsf] juL{s/0fnfO{ To;sf] pkof]usf] ;DefJotf / ;3gtf 36\b} hfg] (Degrading)
qmddf /flvPsf] 5 . csf]{ zAbdf, e"–:vng jf e"–IfoLs/0fsf] k|j[lQ e"–agf]6cg';f/ km/s kb}{
hfG5 . To;} qmdn] e"ldsf] :yfloTjnfO{ dha't agfpg]] pkfosf] ef}lts nIf0f (Physical
characteristics)sf cfwf/df df6f]sf] cj:yf / le/fnf]kg ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . e"–agf}6,
kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL, tyf e"–:vngh:tf tTjsf cfwf/df e"ldsf] juL{s/0fnfO{ x]bf{
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] hdLgdfGo"gtd )l8u||L b]lv clwstd^)l8u|L;Ddsf] le/fnf]kg b]lvG5 .
h;nfO{ gS;fdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
s_ le/fnf]kg (Slope 1°-5°)df6f]sf] ulx/fO{ kof{Kt ePsf], kfgLsf] lgsf; /fd|f]u/L x'g]
sfGnf agfO{ v]tL ug{ ;lsg]
o:tf] hdLgdf df6f]sf] ulx/fO{ kof{Kt x'G5 / kfgLsf] pknAwtf ;tx tyf cw{e"ldut cj:yfdf
;d]t ;lhn} x'G5 . dg;'gL v]tL ug{sf nflu o:tf] e"lddf u/fx¿ agfpg' kb{5 . ;txut hnk|jfx
Pj+ cw{e"ldut kfgLsf] lgsf;nfO{ e"–Ifo x'g gkfcf]; egL lgoGq0fsf pkfox¿ ckgfpg' kb{5 .
df6f]sf ef}lts u'0fx¿ tyf hdLgsf] le/fnf]kgsf sf/0f jiff{sf] kfgLaf6 gofF vf]N;Lx¿ aGg] / tL
vf]N;Lx¿ k|sf/fGt/df rf}8f x'Fb} uP/ e"–Ifosf] k|j[lQ a9\g] x'gfn] o; ju{sf] hdLgsf] ;+/If0f ug{
ljz]if Wofg lbg' kb{5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 11

o; ju{sf] hdLgdf k/Dk/fut, dWod jf cfw'lgs ljlwaf6 v]tL ug{ ;lsG5 . dg;'gsf] ;dodf
x'g] jiff{sf sf/0f r/g tyf jg:kltnfO{ klg dgUu] kmfObf k'Ub5 . o:tf] hdLgdf wfg v]tL ug{
;lsG5 . l;+rfO ;'ljwf pknAw ePsf] 5 eg] df]6f] bfgfbf/ ePsf] cj:yfdf ;d]t wfgafnL nufpg
;lsG5 . l;+rfOsf]pknAwtf cg'¿k lxpFb] Pj+ jif]{ afnL klg nufpg ;lsG5 .
v_ le/fnf]kg (Slope 5º-30º)df6f]sf] ulx/fO{ %)–!)) ;]=dL= ePsf], kfgLsf] lgsf; /fd|f] x'g],
sfGnf agfP/ dfq v]tL ug{ ;lsg]
%)–#)) :nf]k /x]sf], kfgLsf] lgsf; /fd|f] x'g] u/]sf] tyf df6f]sf] kqsf] ulx/fO{ %) ;]=dL= b]lv
!)) ;]=ld=;Dd /x]sf] hUuf o; ju{df kb{5 . o; ju{sf] hdLgdf klx/f] hfg], hdLg efl;g] h:tf
e"–IfoLs/0fsf k|j[lQx¿ ;fdfGo ¿kdf b]vf kl//xG5g\ . To;}n] hdLgnfO{ ;fdfGo ¿kdf
Joj:yfkg gul/Pdf o:tf k|j[lQdf emg\ j[l4 x'g] x'G5 . jg, jg:kltsf nflu of] hdLg Tolt ;xh
x'Fb}g . ufO{a:t'sf] cfjt–hfjtaf6 e"–IfoLs/0fdf j[l4 x'g] x'gfn] r/g ljsf;nfO{ o; k|sf/sf]
hdLgdf k|>o lbg 7Ls x'Fb}g . t/, kfn}kfnf] lglZrt :yfgx¿df ufO{a:t' y'g]/ r/fpg] xf] eg]
To;n] hdLgsf] pTkfbsTjdf ;3fp klg k'¥ofpg ;Sb5 .
o; k|sf/sf] hdLgdf ljz]if u/L dg;'g v]tLsf nflu e"–Ifo /f]Sg u/fx¿ agfpg clgjfo{ x'G5 .
o;df v]tLsf k/Dk/fut / dWod:t/Lo k|ljlw g} ckgfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf] le/fnf]kg ePsf]
hdLgdf v]tL ubf{ df6f]sf] ef}lts u'0fx¿;Fu Joj:yfkg ;Lksf] ;lDd>0fn] d'Vo e"ldsf v]n]sf]
x'G5 . l;+rfOsf] k|of]u lgoldt ¿kdf klxn]b]lv g} eO/x]sf] v08df l;+rfO ubf{ e"–Ifosf] ;d:of
cfpb}g, t/ gofF l;+rfO k|0ffnL z'¿ ug]{ xf] eg] z'¿df ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' kb{5 . PSsf;L a9L
l;+rfO ePsf] v08df e"–IfoLs/0fsf] k|j[lQ t'¿Gt z'¿ x'g ;Sb5 .
u_ le/fnf]kg (Slope 30º–40º) df6f]sf] ulx/fO{ @) ;]=dL= dfq ePsf], kfgLsf] lgsf;;xh
ePsf] tyf hdLgsf] le/fnf]kg #)) -!=& ld6/df ! dL=_ eGbf a9L ePsf], sf7 bfp/f
pTkfbg ug{ pko'Qm .
df6f]sf] kq @) ;]=ld= dfq ulx/fO{ ePsf] kfgLsf] lgsf; ;xh ePsf] tyf hdLgsf] le/fnf]kg #))
-!=& ld6/df ! ld=_ eGbf a9L ePsf] hdLg o; ju{df kb{5 . o; k|sf/sf]] Hofbf le/fnf]kg ePsf]
hUufdf u/f agfP/ v]tL ug'{ kmfObfhgs b]lvFb}g . o; k|sf/sf] hdLgdf jiff{sf] kfgLaf6 l56f]
vf]N;Lx¿ aGg] jf af9Ln] Iflt k'¥ofpg] 7'nf] ;Defjgf /xG5 . o; k|sf/sf] hdLgdf jg:kltx¿
nufpg, pko'Qm b]lvG5 . oxfF sf7 / OGwgsf nflu jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbg j[l4 ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 .
klx/f] hfg] jf af9Laf6 Iflt x'g] k|j[lQo; k|sf/sf] hdLgsf ;fdfGo nIf0f x'g\ .
o:tf] If]qdf hËnsf] ljsf; u/L OGwg, kz' cfxf/ tyf sf7 pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . hËn km8fgL
ePsf] 5 eg] klg o:tf] If]qdf of t af]6lj¿jfnfO{ k'gM x'sf{pg ;lsG5 of t j[Iff/f]k0f ug{
;lsG5 . o; ju{df kg]{ hdLgx¿df ufO{j:t'nfO{ r/fpg] rng s8fOsf;fy lgoGq0f ug'{k5{ . olb
OGwg, kz', cfxf/ tyf r/gsf] nflu pkof]u ug]{ xf] eg] klg jflif{s pkof]un] eljiosf]
pTkfbsTjnfO{ hf]lvddf kfg]{ vfnsf] x'g'xF'b}g . o; k|sf/sf] If]qdf o:tf] jg k}bfjf/ pkof]u ug]{
tl/sf, :yfg / kx'Frsf] nflu ;8s lj:tf/sf / ;'/lIft of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 12

3_ le/fnf]kg (Slope >40º) df6f]sf] ulx/fO{ @) ;]=dL= eGbf sd ePsf], e'–Ifo eO/xg]
k'g¿Tkfbgsf] ;+efjgf sd ePsf]
Hofb} le/fnf] ePsf], dWod le/fnf]kg eP klg df6f] kq -tx_ @) ;]=ld= eGbf sd ePsf] jf
h:tf];'s} le/fnf]kg eP klg jif]{ kfgLaf6 Iflt ePsf], w]/} vf]N;Lx¿ l;h{gf ePsf] hdLg o;
ju{df kb{{5 .o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] le/fnf]kg ^) l8u|L;Dd /x]sf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf] hdLg clt
g} sdhf]/, e"–IfoLs/0fsf] k|j[lQ ePsf] tyf k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{oLs/0fsf] ;Defjgf klg cToGt
sd ePsf] sf/0f cGg Pj+ jg:klt v]tLsf nflu sd pko'Qm dflgG5 .
o; k|sf/sf] hdLgnfO{ 3fF; jf af]6–lj¿jf nufP/ x/fe/f agfO/fVg' k5{, lsgeg] dfly pNn]v
ul/P emF} Psflt/ o:tf] hlgdf e"–IfoLs/0fsf] k|j[lQ tLa| /x]sf] x'G5 eg] csf{lt/ Ps k6s e"–
:vng eO;s]sf] If]qnfO{ k'gM clwu|x0f (reclaim)ug c;Dej g} x'G5 . pRr e"–efudf df6f]sf]
tfkqmd sd /xg] ePaf6 tyf le/fnf]kg ePaf6 df6f] ;lhn};Fu aUb5 .
tflnsf g+= 3 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] le/fnf]kgsf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= le/fnf]kg -l8u|Ldf_ hdLgsf] If]qkmn k|ltzt
1 ) b]lv % 64.02 61.69

2 % b]lv !@ 8.44 8.13

3 !@ b]lv @) 10.52 10.14

4 @) b]lv @& 10.42 10.04

5 @& b]lv #% 7.78 7.50

6 #% b]lv ^) 2.59 2.50

hDdf 103.77 100.00

;|f]tM gS;f, @)&^

@=& hdLgsf] df]x8f (Aspect)

;fdfGotof le/fnf]kgdf ljifdtf x'Fbf hdLgsf] df]x8fdf ;d]t ljifdtf x'G5 . df]x8fsf] lx;fan]k"jL{
df]x8f, blIf0f k'jL{ df]x8f, blIf0f df]x8f, blIf0f klZrd df]x8f, klZrdL df]x8f ePsf] If]q
&^=)&k|ltzt ePsf]n] pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf hnjfo'ut ljljwtf kfpg'sf ;fy} o; k|sf/sf]
kxf/Lnf] If]qsf]hdLg s[lif, pBf]u, a;f]af; tyf cGo ljsf;sf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug{
pko"St /x]sf] b]lvG5 .pQ/L df]x8f #=$%k|ltzt x'g'n] oxfFsf] pQ/tkm{sf] hdLg s[lif tyf
a;f]af;sf nflu j9L zLt k|wfg / cg'ko"St /x]sf] 5 . sl/a !=*(k|ltzt ;dy/ hdLg
v]tLkftLsf] nflu cAan 5 . yk tYofÍ tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 4 M hdLgsf] df]x8fsf] ljj/0f
qm=;= hdLgsf] df]x8f If]qkmn -ju{ ls=dL=_ k|ltzt
! ;dy/ df]x8f 1.96 1.89
@ pQ/ df]x8f 3.58 3.45
# pQ/ k"jL{ df]x8f 5.87 5.65
$ k"j{ df]x8f 12.82 12.35

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 13

 qm=;= hdLgsf] df]x8f If]qkmn -ju{ ls=dL=_ k|ltzt
% blIf0f k"jL{ df]x8f 15.92 15.34
^ blIf0f df]x8f 15.91 15.33
& blIf0f klZrd df]x8f 17.31 16.68
* klZrd df]x8f 16.99 16.37
( pQ/ klZrd df]x8f 10.84 10.44
!) pQ/ df]x8f 2.59 2.50
hDdf 103.77 100.00

;|f]t gS;f, @)&^

gS;f g+= 5 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] hdLgsf] df]x8fsf] gS;f

@=* d'Vo k|fs[lts ;Dkbf -gbL, vf]nf, tfn, lxdfn, vfgLvlgh, v]tLof]Uo hdLg
jgh+un, lgs'~h, cf/If, ;+/If0f If]q, hnfwf/ l;d;f/_
x/]s If]qsf] ljsf;sf] k|d'v cfwf/ g} ToxfF pknAw k|fs[lts >f]tx¿ x'g\ . k|fs[lts ;Dkbf cGtu{t
:yfgLo :t/df pknAw hdLg, jg, jg:klt, jGohGt', h8La'6L, vfgL tyf vlgh, gbL, vf]nf, tfn,
lxdfn, em/gf, hnfwf/ If]q, l;d;f/, lgs'~h, cf/If0f tyf ;+/lIft If]q cflb kb{5g\ . oL k|fs[lts
;Dkbfx¿sf] lbuf] / ljj]sk"0f{ ;b'kof]u u/]/ dfq xfdL ;d[4 aGg ;S5f}+ .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 14

@=( ;fF:s[lts ljz]iftfx¿
dfgjLo rfnrng, efiff, Jojxf/ tyf hghLjg lglZrt k/Dk/faf6 cd"t{ lx;fan] lgb]{lzt x'G5 .
b}lgs Jojxf/x¿ ;~rfng ug{ dflg;, kl/jf/ / ;dfhsf] :j¿kdf afFlwPsf] x'G5 . ljjfx,
k/Dk/fn] gftf ;DaGw, :yflkt ub{5 / o;n] kl/jf/sf] >[hgf x'G5 . hGd, d[To', ljjfx, vfgkfg,
e]ife'iff, rf8kj{, efiff, /xg;xg cflb ;a} ultljlwx¿ ;fF:s[lts ljz]iftfx¿ leq kb{5g\ . oL
;Eotf / ;+:s[ltsf cfofdx¿ dflg;sf] klxrfgsf k|d'v kIfx¿ x'g\ . ;fF:s[lts ultljlwx¿n]
dflg;nfO{ kl/is[t hLjglhpg d2t k'¥ofpF5g\ . o;n] ;dfhnfO{ ;+ul7t / ultzLn t'NofpF5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ($=*% k|ltzt lxGb" wjf{nDaLsf] a;f]af; ePsf] tyf #)=*) k|ltzt a|fDx0f
kxf8Lsf]] a;f]af; ePklg oxfF d'Vo dgfOg] kj{bz}F, ltxf/, Nxf];f/, a'4k"l0f{df, kmfu' k"l0f{df
dgfOG5 . ;fpg] ;+qmflGt, df3] ;+qmflGt, ljz]if dxTjsf;fy oxfFsf hgdfg;n] dgfpg] d'Vo kj{x¿
x'g\ . lxGb" wdf{jnDaLn] dgfpg] k|d'v ;+:sf/ s'n k'hf, uf]7 k'hf, a|tjGw, ljjfx, sfhlqmof, jflif{s
sfd, Gjf/g, ltly >f4, ;f]x|>f4, cf}FzL, k"l0f{df, ;qmflGt, d;fGt, ;Togf/fo0fsf] k'hf, Psfx,
xf]dxf]dfbL, o1, ;Ktfx, ¿b|Lkf7, dndf;, ;"o{ u|x0f, rGb| u|x0f, cflb /x]sf 5g\ . O:nfd
wdf{nDaLx¿n] dgfpg] Ob tyf O;fO wdf{nDaLx¿sf] lqm;d; klg nf]slk|o kj{x¿ x'g\ .
o; a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljleGg hflt, wd{ ;Dk|bfo / e]ife'iffsf dflg;x¿ a;f]af;
ub{5g\ . ;a} hfthftL / ;Dk|bfosf cf–cfˆg} vfn] wd{ ;+:s[lt / rfnrngx¿ 5g\ . oxfFsf]
k/Dk/fut e]ife"iffnfO{ x]bf{ dlxnfn]] ;f/L, rf]nf], s'tf{, ;'¿jfnnufpF5g\ . If]qL, afx'g, sfdL, bdfO{
cflb sldh–;'¿jfn, bf}/f–;'¿jfn nufpF5g\ eg]du/, g]jf/n] rf}aGbL rf]nf], n'ËL,sDd/df k6'sL
aFfWg] ub{5g\ . t/ cfw'lgs ;dodf ;a} hfthfltsf o'jf, o'jtLx¿ qmdzM kfOG6, z6{, l6;6{ ;f8L
Anfph, s'tf{–;njf/ g} nufpg ¿rfpF5g\ .
@=!) ljsf;sf d'Vo ;Defjgfx¿
x/]s :yfgsf] cfkm\g} ljz]iftf x'G5 . s'g} :yfgdf h+unsf] e"–efu cTolws x'G5 . s'g} :yfgdf
kof{Kt dfqfdf hn>f]tsf] pknAwtf x'G5 eg] s'g} :yfgdf ;'Vvf If]qsf] ¿kdf /x]sf x'G5g\ . t;y{
s[lifof]Uo If]qdf s[lifsf] Joj;foLs/0f u/]/ dfly p7\g ;lsG5 eg] j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg dfkm{t
jg If]q cTolws ePsf] :yfgLo txnfO{ ;Dj[4 agfpg ;lsG5 . ;du|df pknAw >f]t / ;fwgsf
cfwf/df pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;+efjgfx¿ phfu/ ug{ ;lsG5 .o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] jt{dfg
e"–pkof]u x]bf{ $*=%%k|ltzt jgIf]q ePsf]n] j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg dfkm{t oxfFsf] ;d[l4 xfl;n
ug{ ;lsG5 .
j}1flgs jg Joj:yfkg eGgfn] jgh+unnfO{ afnLgfnL ;/x x]/rfx / ;'wf/ ;+ef/ ug]{ eGg]
a'lemG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]qdf /x]sf ;DefJotf / cj;/ cGtu{t k/Dk/fut tyf cfw'lgs
s[lif, h8La'6L, ko{6g, kz'kfng tyf ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]ux¿sf] ljsf;sf ;DefJotfsf If]qx¿
/x]sf 5g\ . ;fy} pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ljleGg :yfgdf kfs{, pBfg tyf u'Daf Pj+ :t'kfsf] lgdf{0f
u/L ko{6sLo If]qsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ kof{Kt cj;/ /x]sf] 5 .
;du|df o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] gu/ If]qdf x]bf{ pBf]u, yf]s tyf v'b|f Jofkf/, xf]6n, ;]jfd'ns
Joj;fo, gf]s/L k]zf cFufNg] kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof pRr /x]sf] 5 . gu/sf] u|fdL0f If]qdf x]bf{ s[lif k]zf
c+ufNg] 3/ kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof pRr /x]sf] 5 .pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] v]tL of]Uo hdLgdf
vfBfGgsf] ;fy} cGo gub] afnL, t/sf/L afnL, kmnk"mn, d;nf tyf h8La'6L / kz'hGo pTkfbg

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 15

j[l4 ug{ ;lsg] k|z:t ;Defjgfx¿ /x]sf] 5 . cfw'lgs s[lif k|ljlw, dn tyf cf}hf/sf] cefj
x'gfsf] ;fy} ;f] sf] clwstd nfut d"Non] ubf{ ;f] sf] k|of]udf sdL x'g uO{ s[lif pTkfbgdf
cfjZostf cg';f/ j[l4 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . hgr]tgf, ;Lk tyf Jofj;foLs/0f, cfw'lgsLs/0fsf]
clej[l4, k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fsf] ;fy} cfjZos k|ljlw, dn, shf{ aLp lahgsf] pknAwtfdf ;/nLs/0f
u/]/ s[lif tyf kz'hGo pTkfbgdf j[l4 NofO{ cfly{s l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsg] k|z:t
;Defjgfx¿ /x]sf] 5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] cToGt pj{ e"lddf j:tL ljsf;, hnjfo'df kl/jt{g, e'd08nLo
tfkqmdsf] j[l4, cfw'lgs s[lif k|0ffnLsf] cefjn] ubf{ v]tLof]Uo e"ldsf] k"0f{ ;b'kof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g
eg] csf]{ tkm{ df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQm qmdzM IfL0f x'Fb} pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf x|f; cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
hyfefjL x'g] u/]sf] j:tL ljsf;nfO{ Jojl:yt ugf{sf] ;fy} k'/fgf k/Dk/fut s"nf]x¿sf] dd{t
;'wf/ u/L df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQm a9fO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] wf/0ff cg'¿k sfd ug{ ;s]df efjL k':tfsf]
nflu o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ a:g nfos 7fpFsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ug{ ;lsG5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] u|fdL0f If]qdf b'Uw pTkfbg tyf kz'kG5L pTkfbgsf] k|z:t ;Defjgf /x]sf]
x'Fbf of] Joj;fonfO{ lj:tf/ ug'{sf] ;fy} oftfoft ;]jfnfO{ ;j{;'ne tl/sfn] pgLx¿sf] kx'Fr;Dd
lj:tf/ ug{ ;s]sf] v08df w]/}j6f :yfgx¿df b'w lr:ofg s]Gb|, s[lif pTkfbgsf] ;+sng s]Gb|÷
sf]N8 :6f]/, df;'hGo pBf]u cflb ljsf; ug{ ;lsg]5 .h;af6 /f]huf/L>[hgf u/L ;du|
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cfodf j[l4 ug{ ;lsg] k|z:t ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ePsf k|fs[lts >f]t / ;fwgnfO{ Jojl:yt tyf jftfj/0fd}qL k|ljlw
ckgfP/ plrt k|of]u ug{ ;s]df ;f] If]qn] sltko u|fdL0f Onfsfx¿df :yfgLo :t/df cfjZos
/f]huf/L >[hgf ugf{sf] ;fy} :yfgLo >f]t kl/rfngdf ;d]t lbuf]kgf Nofpg ;lsg] b]lvG5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]qdf k|fs[lts gbL tyf vf]nfx¿ ePsf] / yk s]xL ;DefJo 7fpFx¿df kf]v/L
tyf s[lqd tfn lgdf{0f u/L o; If]qsf] xfjfkfgLdf x'g] hftsf df5fkfng Joj;fo u/]df ;lhn};Fu
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ a9\g] / pkdxfgu/kflnsfs} df5fn] ahf/ lng] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;d"x¿nfO{ ;+ul7t / ;+:yfut u/L jg If]qdf u}/
sfi7hGo pTkfbgx¿ h8La'6L v]tLsf] cnfjf dx pTkfbgnfO{ klg k|j4{g u/L ahf/Ls/0f ug{
;s]df ;f] If]qsf] cfly{s pGgLlt ug{ yk 6]jf k'Ug] b]lvG5 .
ljleGg P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts Pj+ k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf :ynx¿ /x]sf] of]
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf leq uxgfsf] ¿kdf lhtu9L lsNnf, dl0f d's'Gb;]g, km'njf/L, lxnkfs{sf] ;fy}
gu/df /x]sf ljleGg d7 dlGb/x¿cjl:yt 5g\ . oL :yfgx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;s]sf] v08df
lglZrt ¿kn] cfGtl/s tyf afXo ko{6sx¿ a9\g uO{ yk cfly{s cj;/x¿>[hgf ug{ ;lsg]
b]lvG5 .
a'6jndf /x]sf ljleGg hflt tyf hghfltx¿sf ;fF:s[lts / k/Dk/fut /xg;xg l/ltl/jfhn] klg
ko{6sLo dxTjnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . du/ / u'¿Ëx¿sf] 3f6' gfr, ;f]/7L gfr, g]jf/ hfltsf]
nfv]gfr, ufO{hfqf, tfdfË hfltsf] z]nf], u'¿Ë hfltsf] /f]bL3/ tyf If]qLafx'g hfltsf] afnggfr
tyf ;+lugL cflbsf] nflu klg a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf dxTjk"0f{ ynf]sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 16

b]zdf a]/f]huf/L a9\b} uO/x]sf] / ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qdf /f]huf/Lsf] k|z:t cj;/x¿
gePsf]n] a}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf cfsif{0f a9]sf] b]lvG5 . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf o'jfx¿nfO{
;Lkd"ns tflnd k|bfg u/L :yfgLo :t/d} /f]huf/L >[hgf ug{] Joj:yf ePdf pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]
cfly{s ljsf;df 7'nf] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] k|z:t ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
o;sf cltl/Qma'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg ;Defjgfd"ns pkfox¿nfO{
lgDgfg';f/ pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 .
 pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]qleq /x]sf kfgLsf] >f]t tyf vf]nfx¿af6 cfw'lgs s'nf] tyf gx/
dfkm{t\ kfgL l;+rfO{ u/L Joj;flos ¿kdf v]tL ug{ ;s] s[lif pTkfbgdf pNn]vgLo j[l4 ug{
;lsG5 .
 pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf kfgLsf] d'xfgaf6 d]uf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf dfkm{t …Ps 3/ Ps
wf/fÚ gLlt cg'¿k vfg]kfgL Nofpg ;s] xfn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf b]lvPsf] vfg]kfgLsf]
;d:ofdf Go"gLs/0f x'g'sf ;fy} l;+rfO{sf] klg ;'ljwf x'G5 .
 :yfgLo sRrL ;8ssf] :t/ j[l4 u/L sfnf]kq] ug{ ;s] :yfgLo jfl;Gbfn] e/k'/ ;'ljwf
lng'sf ;fy} hLjg:t/sf] :t/f]GgtL / ;du| pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;'Gb/tfdf j[l4 x'g ;S5 .
 o; pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]qdf yk cf}Bf]lus lj:tf/ ug{ ;s] :yfgLo :t/df /f]huf/L j[l4
ug{;Sg] k|z:t ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
 o; If]qdf ljleGg P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts :yfgx¿ /x]sfn] ko{6g ljsf; ug{ ;lsg]
k|z:t ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 .
 ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL ;+3;+:yfx¿ o; If]qdf lqmoflzn /x]sfn] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]
ljsf;df ;fem]bf/ x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 .
 pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]qdf pkef]Qmfx¿sf] j[l4 eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df pBf]u, Jofkf/ / jfl0fHosf]
ljsf; x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
@=!! pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cGt/ gu/÷pkdxfgu/kflnsf ;DaGw
:yfgLo tx -kflnsfx¿_ aLrdf s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf Ps cfk;df ;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 . ;DaGwsf]
k|s[lt / b'/L gu/x¿ aLr km/s–km/s x'g ;S5 . dfgj ljsf;sf] lgDtL ljleGg :yfgx¿df cfjt
hfjt ug'{ kg]{, pknAw ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] kl/rfng ug{] qmddfPs gu/n]] csf]{ gu/dflge{/ /xg' kg]{
x'G5 . tL cGt/lge{/tfsf d'Vo If]qx¿ oftfoft, a;fOF;/fO, s[lif tyf kz' ahf/, jg k}bfjf/,
ko{6g, /f]huf/L, k|fs[lts ;|f]t pkof]u Pj+ Joj:yfkg, lzIff, :jf:Yo cflb x'g\ .
;fy}, o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] l5d]sL gu/kflnsf÷ufpFkflnsf tyf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt h:tf
;/sf/L lgsfox¿;Fu /fd|f] ;DjGw /x]sf] 5 . kmntM o; If]qsf] ljsf;fTds s[ofsnfksf]
;~rfngdf ;dGjo ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . a'6jn dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;Ldfgfdf hf]l8Psf ;a}
ufpF÷gu/kflnsf ;Fu o;sf] ef}uf]lns, ;fF:s[lts Pj+ ;fdflhs cGt/;DaGw /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L
ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf;Fu ;d]t /fd|f] ;DaGw /x]sf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 17

 v08– #M hg;f+lVos ljj/0f
#=! hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
s'g}klg :yfgsf] hg;+Vof, ljsf;sf] ;fwg / ;fWo b'j}sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . ljsf;sf] nflu
cfjZos cGo cfly{s, ef}lts ;fwgx¿sf] kl/rfng dfgj >f]taf6 g} x'g] ePsfn] ljsf; of]hgf
th'{df ubf{ o;sf] agfj6sf] ljljw kIfx¿sf] cWoog / ljZn]if0f x'g' cfjZos x'G5 . g]kfndf
hg;+Vofsf] ljljw kIfsf] tYofÍ k|To]s !) jif{df x'g] /fli6«o hgu0fgfsf] ;fy}
pkdxfgu/kflnsf:t/df 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng dfkm{t ;d]t k|fKt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . oxfF
pkdxfgu/kflnsf 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng,@)&^ af6 k|fKt gLlthfsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf ljljw
kIfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 5 M hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
ljj/0f lj=;+= @)&^
cS;/ a;f]af; ug]{ hDdf hg;+Vof 156576

cS;/ a;f]af; ug]{ k'¿if 75752 (48.38%)

cS;/ a;f]af; ug]{ dlxnf 80820 -51=62Ü_

cS;/ a;f]af; ug]{ t];|f] lnª\uL 4 -0=003Ü_
cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof 14394
cg'kl:yt k'¿if hg;+Vof 10896
cg'kl:yt dlxnf hg;+Vof 3497
s'n cS;/ a;f]af; ug]{ / cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof 170970
n}+lus b/ -k|lt !)) hgf dlxnfdf k'¿ifsf] ;+Vof cg'kft_ 94
hDdf 3/w'/L 40876
cf}ift kl/jf/ cfsf/ 4
If]qkmn ju{ ls=ld 103=77
hg3gTj -k|ltju{ ls=ld=_ 1509
;fIf/tf b/ 89=4Ü
ckfª\utf b/ 1=01Ü -!%@( hgf_
;|f]t M pkdxfgu/kflnsf 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^
dflysf] tflnsfdf a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . 3/w'/L
tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^ cg';f/ a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cS;/ a;f]jf; ug{] hg;+Vof !,%^,%&^
/x]sf] 5 h; dWo] k'¿if $*=#* k|ltzt -&%,&%@ hgf_ / dlxnf %!=^@ k|ltzt -*),*@) hgf_ /
$ hgf cGo /x]sf 5g\ . ;f]xL cg';f/ n}+lus cg'kft -sex ratio_ cyf{t k|lt !)) dlxnfdf k'¿ifsf]
;+Vof ($ /x]sf] 5 . hg3gTj -k|lt ju{ lsnf]ld6/df /xsf] hg;+Vof_ !,%)( hgf k|lt ju{
lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] tYofÍ adf]lhd o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] s'n hg;+Vof dWo] !=)!
k|ltzt -!,%@( hgf_ ckfª\utf ePsfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . s'n $),*&^ 3/kl/jf/ /x]sf] o;
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf k|lt kl/jf/ cf}ift $ hgf ;b:o /x]sf] b]lvG5 .h'g lj=;+ @)^* sf] hgu0fgf
cg';f/ g]kfnsf] kl/jf/sf] cf}ift cfsf/ $=** eGbf sd /x]sf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 18

#=@ j8fut If]qkmn, hg;+Vof tyf 3/w'/L ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 6 M j8fut c'gkl:yt ;lxtsf] hg;+Vof tyf 3/w'/L ljj/0f
cS;/ a;f]af; ug{] hg;+Vof cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof cS;/ a;f]af; tyf cg'kl:ytsf] of]u
j8f 3/w'/L
k'¿if dlxnf cGo hDdf k'¿if dlxnf cGo hDdf k'¿if dlxnf cGo hDdf
1 613 1584 1493 0 3077 26 12 0 38 1610 1505 0 3115

2 1447 2930 3152 0 6082 270 70 0 340 3200 3222 0 6422

3 2958 4945 5129 0 10074 490 245 0 735 5435 5374 0 10809

4 1219 2198 2331 0 4529 373 176 0 549 2571 2507 0 5078

5 673 1554 1365 1 2920 44 15 0 59 1598 1380 1 2979

6 1273 2504 2611 1 5116 354 168 0 522 2858 2779 1 5638

7 2703 4870 5269 1 10140 674 307 1 982 5544 5576 2 11122

8 2462 4665 4896 1 9562 581 285 0 866 5246 5181 1 10428

9 1372 2523 2596 0 5119 279 95 0 374 2802 2691 0 5493

10 1430 2490 2667 0 5157 370 144 0 514 2860 2811 0 5671

11 11837 21333 22365 0 43698 2662 736 0 3398 23995 23101 0 47096

12 3074 5661 6250 0 11911 1302 405 0 1707 6963 6655 0 13618

13 3561 6406 7113 0 13519 1220 305 0 1525 7626 7418 0 15044

14 1141 2144 2417 0 4561 424 93 0 517 2568 2510 0 5078

15 1051 1975 2318 0 4293 476 112 0 588 2451 2430 0 4881

16 713 1526 1668 0 3194 320 115 0 435 1846 1783 0 3629

17 1699 3112 3359 0 6471 384 51 0 435 3496 3410 0 6906

18 587 1256 1357 0 2613 182 69 0 251 1438 1426 0 2864

19 1063 2076 2464 0 4540 465 94 0 559 2541 2558 0 5099

hDdf 40876 75752 80820 4 156576 10896 3497 1 14394 86648 84317 5 170970

;|f]t M pkdxfgu/kflnsf 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

tflnsf g+= 7 M j8fut If]qkmn, hg;+Vof tyf 3/w'/L ljj/0f
cS;/ a;f]af; ug{] hg;+Vof cf}ift
If]qkmn-ju{ n}lËs
j8f 3/w'/L ls=dL=_
hg3gTj
cg'kft kl/jf/
k'¿if dlxnf cGo hDdf cfsf/
1 613 1584 1493 0 3077 3.54 870 106.10 5

2 1447 2930 3152 0 6082 2.95 2064 92.96 4

3 2958 4945 5129 0 10074 2.96 3407 96.41 3

4 1219 2198 2331 0 4529 3.92 1155 94.29 4

5 673 1554 1365 1 2920 2.34 1247 113.85 4

6 1273 2504 2611 1 5116 6.00 853 95.90 4

7 2703 4870 5269 1 10140 0.96 10591 92.43 4

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 19

 cS;/ a;f]af; ug{] hg;+Vof cf}ift
If]qkmn-ju{ n}lËs
j8f 3/w'/L ls=dL=_
hg3gTj
cg'kft kl/jf/
k'¿if dlxnf cGo hDdf cfsf/
8 2462 4665 4896 1 9562 0.62 15338 95.28 4

9 1372 2523 2596 0 5119 4.26 1200 97.19 4

10 1430 2490 2667 0 5157 5.17 998 93.36 4

11 11837 21333 22365 0 43698 27.43 1593 95.39 4

12 3074 5661 6250 0 11911 10.37 1148 90.58 4

13 3561 6406 7113 0 13519 4.85 2787 90.06 4

14 1141 2144 2417 0 4561 5.01 910 88.71 4

15 1051 1975 2318 0 4293 5.37 800 85.20 4

16 713 1526 1668 0 3194 5.55 576 91.49 4

17 1699 3112 3359 0 6471 6.72 963 92.65 4

18 587 1256 1357 0 2613 0.23 11464 92.56 4

19 1063 2076 2464 0 4540 5.52 822 84.25 4

hDdf 40876 75752 80820 4 156576 103.77 1509 93.73 4

;|f]t M pkdxfgu/kflnsf 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8fut hg;+Vofsf] t'ngfTds ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;a}eGbf w]/} hg;+Vof
ePsf] j8f g+ !!/x]sf] 5 h;df hDdf hg;+Vof $#,^(*-k'¿if @!,###hgf / dlxnf @@,#^%hgf_
/x]sf 5g\ . o; j8fsf] cf}ift kl/jf/ cfsf/ $ / 3/w'/L ;+Vof !!,*#%/x]sf] 5 . To:t} ;a}eGbf
yf]/} hg;+Vof ePsf] j8f g+= !*/x]sf] 5 h;sf] hg;+Vof @,^!#- k'¿if !,@%^hgf / dlxnf
!,#%&hgf_ /x]sf 5g\ eg] 3/w'/L ;+Vof %*&/ cf};t kl/jf/ ;+Vof $/x]sf] 5 . ;a}eGbf a9L
hg3gTj ePsf] j8f g+ * /x]sf] 5 h;sf] hg3gTj !%,##* JolQm k|lt ju{ ls=dL= /x]sf] 5 eg]
;a}eGbf sd hg3gTj ePsf] j8f g+ !^ /x]sf] 5 h;sf] hg3gTj %&^ JolQm k|lt ju{ ls=dL=
/x]sf] 5 . h;sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f dfly tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg] tflnsfnfO{ tn :tDe
lrqdf b]vfO{Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 20

 lnË cg';f/ j8fut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

k'?if dlxnf cGo

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 21

#=# pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 8 M pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ j8fut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
pd]/ ;d"x
pNn]v
j8f g++ !)–!$ !%–!( @)–@$ @%–@( #)–#$ #%–#( $)–$$ $%–$( %)–%$ %%–%( ^)–^$ ^%–^( &)–&$ hDdf
)–$ jif{ %–( jif{ &%± jif{ gePsf]
jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{
1 170 257 254 332 358 296 287 231 186 180 132 112 93 82 63 44 0 3077

2 432 499 529 680 701 633 536 478 378 312 263 210 149 114 89 79 0 6082

3 598 723 679 1190 1389 1101 907 718 623 464 444 357 292 255 156 177 1 10074

4 239 315 326 451 446 429 399 371 316 256 238 208 197 136 82 120 0 4529

5 199 247 267 337 343 271 279 225 207 182 124 72 54 43 32 37 1 2920

6 317 382 434 498 524 495 425 429 384 313 256 219 152 122 80 86 0 5116

& 645 806 824 1053 1114 963 928 800 725 576 452 360 339 234 148 172 1 10140

* 489 734 780 960 926 834 894 854 708 563 470 333 306 254 221 236 0 9562

( 294 342 379 498 566 529 442 440 343 316 274 206 154 137 81 118 0 5119

!) 301 395 441 538 537 525 467 431 348 301 224 162 173 112 86 116 0 5157

!! 2832 3620 4149 5210 5095 4351 3747 3561 2956 2201 1804 1147 997 749 571 705 3 43698

!@ 857 1061 1211 1196 1136 1073 1060 991 768 593 495 392 346 276 189 267 0 11911

!# 907 1189 1255 1380 1266 1288 1180 1172 842 710 640 435 371 296 286 302 0 13519

!$ 354 399 406 455 425 436 374 349 249 259 213 180 136 122 82 122 0 4561

!% 266 350 357 439 391 372 323 329 333 250 216 178 140 127 72 150 0 4293

!^ 218 222 289 331 315 310 245 236 183 192 169 134 96 93 82 79 0 3194

!& 537 572 626 720 697 638 580 550 400 300 234 184 147 110 77 99 0 6471

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 22

 pd]/ ;d"x
pNn]v
j8f g++ !)–!$ !%–!( @)–@$ @%–@( #)–#$ #%–#( $)–$$ $%–$( %)–%$ %%–%( ^)–^$ ^%–^( &)–&$ hDdf
)–$ jif{ %–( jif{ &%± jif{ gePsf]
jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{
!* 180 172 227 289 265 253 200 222 162 152 117 97 71 85 60 61 0 2613

!( 320 396 359 453 478 436 361 307 283 274 219 170 178 111 86 109 0 4540

hDdf 10155 12681 13792 17010 16972 15233 13634 12694 10394 8394 6984 5156 4391 3458 2543 3079 6 156576

k|ltzt 6.49 8.10 8.81 10.86 10.84 9.73 8.71 8.11 6.64 5.36 4.46 3.29 2.80 2.21 1.62 1.97 0.00 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s"n !,%^,%&^ hg;+Vof dWo] !% b]lv !( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfsf] hg;+Vof ;a}eGbf a9L !&,)!) cyf{t !)=*^
k|ltzt bf];|f]df @) b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf !^,(&@ cyf{t !)=*$ k|ltzt / t];|f]df @% b]lv @( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf !%,@## cyf{t (=&# k|ltzt /x]sf
5g\ .;du| tYofÍnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ pd]/ ;d"x a9\b} hfFbf hg;+Vof 36\b} u}/x]sf] 5 . !% b]lv @( jif{ leqsf] hg;+Vof ;a}eGbf a9L b]lvG5 . !% jif{
eGbf d"lgsf afnaflnsfsf] hg;+Vof / @$ jif{ dflysf k|f}9 tyf j[4j[4fx¿sf] ;+:yf qmdz 36\b} u}/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
o'jf pd]/sf] hg;+Vof a9L x'g' /fd|f] eP tfklg pgLx¿sf] lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;df /fHon] Jofks nufgL ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o'jf pd]/;d"x
w]/} x'g'nfO{ hg;+Vofsf] nfef+z elgG5 . csf]{tkm{ o'jfx¿nfO{ ;xL lbzftkm{ pGd'v agfpg / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ >[hgfu/L /fi6« lgdf{0fdf ;l/s agfpg'
;dfh / /fHosf] bfloTj x'g cfpF5 . afnaflnsf tyf lzz'x¿sf] ;+Vof sd x'g'n] qmdz k|hgg b/ 36\b} uPsf] ;+s]t ub{5 eg] j[4j[4fx¿sf] tyf
k|f}9x¿sf] ;+Vof sd x'g'n] cf}ift cfo" cGo b]zx¿sf] t'ngfdf sd x'g' / k|f}9 cj:yfdf nfUg] /f]usf sf/0f kfsf pd]/sf] hg;+Vofsf] d[To'b/ a9L x'g'
eGg] hgfpF5 . oBlk a9\bf] pd]/sf] ;+Vof sd x'g' :jefljs xf] . pd]/cg';f/sf] hg;+Vofsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ k|To]s pd]/ ;d"xsf cfjZostfx¿ ;Daf]wg
u/L pgLx¿sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug'{ g} r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'G5 . afnaflnsfsf] kf]if0f / :ofxf/ tyf lzIff, o'jfnfO{ plrt /f]huf/L / j[4x¿nfO{ cfjZos
;fdflhs ;'/Iff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf / :ofxf/ /fHon] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ bfloTjx¿ leq cfpF5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] o;tkm{ Wofg k'¥ofpg cfjZos 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 23

 tflnsf g+= 9 M pd]/ / lnËcg';f/ j8fut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
!)–!$ !%–!( @)–@$ @%–@( #)–#$ #%–#( $)–$$ $%–$( %)–%$ %%–%( ^)–^$ ^%–^( &)–&$
j8f ljj/0f )–$ jif{ %–( jif{ &%± jif{ hDdf
jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{
k'¿if 95 142 132 175 178 150 135 120 98 88 73 53 44 41 38 22 1584
1 dlxnf 75 115 122 157 180 146 152 111 88 92 59 59 49 41 25 22 1493
hDdf 170 257 254 332 358 296 287 231 186 180 132 112 93 82 63 44 3077
k'¿if 208 270 259 344 309 281 226 238 186 155 133 112 73 55 42 39 2930
2 dlxnf 224 229 270 336 392 352 310 240 192 157 130 98 76 59 47 40 3152
hDdf 432 499 529 680 701 633 536 478 378 312 263 210 149 114 89 79 6082
k'¿if 326 406 364 636 622 452 433 346 293 239 218 181 136 132 82 79 4945
dlxnf 272 317 315 554 767 649 474 372 330 225 226 176 156 123 74 98 5128
3
pNn]v gul/Psf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
hDdf 598 723 679 1190 1389 1101 907 718 623 464 444 357 292 255 156 177 10074
k'¿if 124 175 186 246 181 169 186 168 161 131 106 102 96 69 43 55 2198
4 dlxnf 115 140 140 205 265 260 213 203 155 125 132 106 101 67 39 65 2331
hDdf 239 315 326 451 446 429 399 371 316 256 238 208 197 136 82 120 4529
k'¿if 112 128 144 183 175 139 158 117 97 102 74 37 26 26 15 20 1553
dlxnf 87 119 123 154 167 132 121 108 110 80 50 35 28 17 17 17 1365
5 cGo 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
pNn]v gul/Psf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
hDdf 199 247 267 337 343 271 279 225 207 182 124 72 54 43 32 37 2920
k'¿if 165 206 236 265 228 214 195 204 195 136 137 113 73 57 42 38 2504
dlxnf 151 176 198 233 296 281 230 225 189 177 119 106 79 65 38 48 2611
6
cGo 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
hDdf 317 382 434 498 524 495 425 429 384 313 256 219 152 122 80 86 5116
7 k'¿if 357 446 454 563 454 399 399 349 352 284 208 166 166 127 56 90 4870

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 24

 !)–!$ !%–!( @)–@$ @%–@( #)–#$ #%–#( $)–$$ $%–$( %)–%$ %%–%( ^)–^$ ^%–^( &)–&$
j8f ljj/0f )–$ jif{ %–( jif{ &%± jif{ hDdf
jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{
dlxnf 288 360 370 489 660 564 529 451 373 292 244 194 173 107 92 82 5268
cGo 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
pNn]v gePsf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
hDdf 645 806 824 1053 1114 963 928 800 725 576 452 360 339 234 148 172 10140
k'¿if 266 417 443 506 409 346 356 375 355 286 254 163 142 114 123 110 4665
dlxnf 223 317 337 454 517 488 538 479 353 277 215 170 164 140 98 126 4896
8
cGo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
hDdf 489 734 780 960 926 834 894 854 708 563 470 333 306 254 221 236 9562
k'¿if 154 210 220 263 235 229 193 204 166 166 124 108 80 72 45 54 2523
9 dlxnf 140 132 159 235 331 300 249 236 177 150 150 98 74 65 36 64 2596
hDdf 294 342 379 498 566 529 442 440 343 316 274 206 154 137 81 118 5119
k'¿if 169 219 220 289 242 217 203 182 160 154 114 80 81 59 43 58 2490
10 dlxnf 132 176 221 249 295 308 264 249 188 147 110 82 92 53 43 58 2667
hDdf 301 395 441 538 537 525 467 431 348 301 224 162 173 112 86 116 5157
k'¿if 1509 2016 2268 2717 2269 1835 1600 1532 1461 1111 914 631 486 365 279 338 21331
dlxnf 1323 1604 1881 2493 2826 2516 2147 2029 1495 1090 890 516 511 384 292 367 22364
11
pNn]v gePsf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
hDdf 2832 3620 4149 5210 5095 4351 3747 3561 2956 2201 1804 1147 997 749 571 705 43698
k'¿if 480 579 623 647 527 411 412 419 368 298 233 179 161 118 82 124 5661
12 dlxnf 377 482 588 549 609 662 648 572 400 295 262 213 185 158 107 143 6250
hDdf 857 1061 1211 1196 1136 1073 1060 991 768 593 495 392 346 276 189 267 11911
k'¿if 518 655 674 713 513 468 490 483 398 371 314 203 168 148 139 151 6406
13 dlxnf 389 534 581 667 753 820 690 689 444 339 326 232 203 148 147 151 7113
hDdf 907 1189 1255 1380 1266 1288 1180 1172 842 710 640 435 371 296 286 302 13519

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 25

 !)–!$ !%–!( @)–@$ @%–@( #)–#$ #%–#( $)–$$ $%–$( %)–%$ %%–%( ^)–^$ ^%–^( &)–&$
j8f ljj/0f )–$ jif{ %–( jif{ &%± jif{ hDdf
jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{
k'¿if 189 219 209 219 164 165 168 157 114 121 106 80 65 57 48 63 2144
14 dlxnf 165 180 197 236 261 271 206 192 135 138 107 100 71 65 34 59 2417
hDdf 354 399 406 455 425 436 374 349 249 259 213 180 136 122 82 122 4561
k'¿if 155 176 186 220 157 145 124 132 156 113 100 82 63 72 28 66 1975
15 dlxnf 111 174 171 219 234 227 199 197 177 137 116 96 77 55 44 84 2318
hDdf 266 350 357 439 391 372 323 329 333 250 216 178 140 127 72 150 4293
k'¿if 108 125 156 172 124 129 105 109 76 105 73 67 50 43 40 44 1526
16 dlxnf 110 97 133 159 191 181 140 127 107 87 96 67 46 50 42 35 1668
hDdf 218 222 289 331 315 310 245 236 183 192 169 134 96 93 82 79 3194
k'¿if 259 313 338 359 295 275 256 231 210 148 113 101 75 56 37 46 3112
17 dlxnf 278 259 288 361 402 363 324 319 190 152 121 83 72 54 40 53 3359
hDdf 537 572 626 720 697 638 580 550 400 300 234 184 147 110 77 99 6471
k'¿if 89 88 123 141 123 116 82 95 81 76 65 51 30 43 21 32 1256
18 dlxnf 91 84 104 148 142 137 118 127 81 76 52 46 41 42 39 29 1357
hDdf 180 172 227 289 265 253 200 222 162 152 117 97 71 85 60 61 2613
k'¿if 183 202 162 218 192 171 154 125 124 123 94 73 95 55 44 61 2076
19 dlxnf 137 194 197 235 286 265 207 182 159 151 125 97 83 56 42 48 2464
hDdf 320 396 359 453 478 436 361 307 283 274 219 170 178 111 86 109 4540
k'¿if 5466 6992 7397 8876 7397 6311 5875 5586 5051 4207 3453 2582 2110 1709 1247 1490 75749
dlxnf 4688 5689 6395 8133 9574 8922 7759 7108 5343 4187 3530 2574 2281 1749 1296 1589 80817
hDdf cGo 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
pNn]v gul/Psf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
hDdf 10155 12681 13792 17010 16972 15233 13634 12694 10394 8394 6984 5156 4391 3458 2543 3079 156576

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 26

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] s"n !,%^,%&^hg;+Vof dWo] s"n &%,&$(k'¿if / *),*!&hgf dlxnf
/x]sf 5g\ . ^hgfsf] pd]/ ;d"x pNn]v gePsf] b]lvG5 . @)b]lv $$jif{sf ;a} pd]/ ;d"xdf
lszf]/L / dlxnfx¿ / ^) jif{ dflysf j[4fx¿sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] 5 eg] o; afx]ssf pd]/ ;d"xdf
k'¿ifsf] afx'Notf /x]sf] 5 . o;/L n}lËs cg'kft x]bf{ k|lt!)) hgf dlxnfdf ($ hgf k'¿ifx¿
/x]sf 5g\ . 5f]/fsf] rfxfgf u/]/ a9L 5f]/Lx¿ hGdfpg] k|j[lt g]kfndf k/Dk/fut lx;fan] g} /lx
cfPsf] 5 . pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ x]bf{ !% b]lv #( jif{ pd]/ ;d"x leqsf lszf]/L / dlxnfx¿sf]
hg;+Vofdf / pd]/ k'u]sf dlxnfx¿sf zfl//Ls, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s d"4fx¿nfO{
;Daf]wg ug]{ vfnsf] of]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f ug'{ h¿/L 5 . k|hgg\ :jf:Yo, of}g :jf:Yo, /h:jnf;DaGwL
;d:ofx¿, dlxnf d}qL zf}rfno, k/fdz{ s]Gb|x¿, dlxnf lx+;f, r]nLj]6L a]rljvg, 3/]n' n}lËs
lx+;f, kf7]3/ v:g] ;d:of, bfOhf] k|yf, dlxnf z;lSts/0f tyf clwsf/ h:tf ljifox¿ cfd
dlxnfsf k|d'v tyf ;+j]bglzn ljifo ePsf]n] pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] lo ljifox¿sf] k|efjsf/L
of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ ;+s]t ;du| tYofÍn] ub{5 . ;du| pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]
pd]/;d"xut hg;+Vofsf] ljt/0f x]bf{ cfudfL of]hgfdf dlxnf / k'¿if b'j} ju{sf cltl/Qm ;a}
pd]/;d"xsf nflu 5'§f5'§} nlIft sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu afnljsf;
sfo{qmd, o'jfsf nflu /f]huf/L, k|f}9 lzIff cflb lng ;lsG5 .

lnËcg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

&%±jif{
&)–&$ jif{
^$–^( jif{
^)–^$ jif{
%$–%( jif{
%)–%$ jif{
$$–$( jif{
$)–$$ jif{
#%–#( jif{
#)–#$ jif{
@%–@( jif{
@)–@$ jif{
!%–!( jif{
!)–!$ jif{
%–( jif{
)–$ jif{
-10000 -7000 -4000 -1000 2000 5000 8000 11000

k'?if dlxnf

#=$ !) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf JolQmx¿sf] a}jflxs l:yltsf] ljj/0f

j}jflxs l:ylt eGgfn] ljjfx u/]sf, ljjfx u/]/ klg ;DjGw ljR5]b ePsf ;fy} >Ldfg jf >LdtL
u'dfP/ Psn eO{ a;]sf] cj:yfnfO{ hgfpF5 . n}lËs cfwf/df ;dfhsf] j}jflxs l:ylt c;dfg
b]lvG5 . g]kfnL ;dfhdf dlxnfn] >Ldfg\sf] d[To' eP klg ljjfx ug'{ x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf /
ljw'jfnfO{ x]l/g] b[li6sf]0f ¿l9jfbL / k/Dk/fut /x]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ ;dfhdf ax'ljjfx tyf ljw'/
/ ljw'jfsf] ;+VofTds l:ylt c;dfg b]lvG5 . cem k|frLg ;dodf ;tL k|yf k|rngdf /x]sf] lyof] .
t/ !९&& df rGb|zdz]/n] sfg"gL¿kdf s'–k|yfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] ;tLk|yfsf] cGTo u/]sf lyP .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 27

;fdfGotof lkt[;QfTds ;dfh /x]sf] xfd|f] b]zdf ljw'jf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof k'¿ifsf] ;+VofeGbf b'O{
u'0ff a9L b]lvG5 . ;fdflhs¿kdf dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] j}jflxs l:yltdf c;dfgtf b]lvG5 . o;
a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] j}jflxs l:yltsf] tn ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 10 M !) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] JolQmx¿sf]] j}jflxs l:yltsf] ljj/0f
;DaGw
ljjfx yfxf
j8f g+= lnË Ps ljjfx jx' ljjfx k'glj{jfx ljb'/÷ljw'jf laR5]b÷ 5'l§Psf] hDdf
gePsf] gePsf]
kf/kfr's]
k'¿if 594 734 6 0 10 0 2 1 1347
1 dlxnf 439 792 0 0 66 1 4 1 1303
hDdf 1033 1526 6 0 76 1 6 2 2650
k'¿if 967 1435 22 8 8 2 6 3 2451
2 dlxnf 864 1739 3 3 71 5 12 2 2699
hDdf 1831 3174 25 11 79 7 18 5 5150
k'¿if 1915 2184 41 27 38 1 5 2 4213
3 dlxnf 1552 2734 4 10 219 8 7 5 4539
hDdf 3467 4918 45 37 257 9 12 7 8752
k'¿if 739 1101 23 8 17 4 4 2 1898
4 dlxnf 600 1314 3 3 145 2 6 2 2075
hDdf 1339 2415 26 11 162 6 10 4 3973
k'¿if 542 742 3 9 10 0 6 0 1312
dlxnf 368 729 0 7 44 1 6 4 1159
5
cGo 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
hDdf 911 1471 3 16 54 1 12 4 2472
k'¿if 821 1269 23 3 9 2 6 0 2133
6 dlxnf 664 1481 2 4 106 10 17 0 2284
hDdf 1485 2750 25 7 115 12 23 0 4417
k'¿if 1657 2307 44 16 35 2 5 1 4067
dlxnf 1358 2975 12 19 231 7 16 2 4620
&
cGo 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
hDdf 3016 5282 56 35 266 9 21 3 8688
k'¿if 1591 2323 12 16 33 0 4 3 3982
dlxnf 1329 2825 1 7 177 6 10 1 4356
*
cGo 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
hDdf 2921 5148 13 23 210 6 14 4 8339
k'¿if 874 1264 5 2 14 0 0 0 2159
( dlxnf 711 1516 3 0 88 1 4 1 2324
hDdf 1585 2780 8 2 102 1 4 1 4483
k'¿if 878 1160 10 21 31 1 0 1 2102
!) dlxnf 720 1488 1 17 116 10 7 0 2359
hDdf 1598 2648 11 38 147 11 7 1 4461
k'¿if 7739 9830 64 71 73 9 18 2 17806
!! dlxnf 6215 12606 7 38 504 22 39 6 19437
hDdf 13954 22436 71 109 577 31 57 8 37243
k'¿if 1918 2531 84 29 28 4 8 0 4602
!@ dlxnf 1487 3610 29 29 211 11 13 0 5390
hDdf 3405 6141 113 58 239 15 21 0 9992

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 28

 ;DaGw
ljjfx yfxf
j8f g+= lnË Ps ljjfx jx' ljjfx k'glj{jfx ljb'/÷ljw'jf laR5]b÷ 5'l§Psf] hDdf
gePsf] gePsf]
kf/kfr's]
k'¿if 2058 3081 29 17 31 7 5 5 5233
!# dlxnf 1741 4193 10 5 216 11 10 4 6190
hDdf 3799 7274 39 22 247 18 15 9 11423
k'¿if 634 1036 28 13 23 0 2 0 1736
!$ dlxnf 560 1386 3 9 110 1 3 0 2072
hDdf 1194 2422 31 22 133 1 5 0 3808
k'¿if 627 953 36 11 15 1 1 0 1644
!% dlxnf 540 1334 6 6 142 2 3 0 2033
hDdf 1167 2287 42 17 157 3 4 0 3677
k'¿if 508 704 34 22 21 1 3 0 1293
!^ dlxnf 419 939 4 6 85 0 8 0 1461
hDdf 927 1643 38 28 106 1 11 0 2754
k'¿if 963 1476 15 24 54 1 7 0 2540
!& dlxnf 767 1871 0 24 143 2 14 1 2822
hDdf 1730 3347 15 48 197 3 21 1 5362
k'¿if 395 643 8 5 27 1 0 0 1079
!* dlxnf 336 751 0 2 89 3 1 0 1182
hDdf 731 1394 8 7 116 4 1 0 2261
k'¿if 604 988 18 42 35 0 4 0 1691
!( dlxnf 571 1438 0 15 93 5 11 0 2133
hDdf 1175 2426 18 57 128 5 15 0 3824
k'¿if 26024 35761 505 344 512 36 86 20 63288
dlxnf 21241 45721 88 204 2856 108 191 29 70438
hDdf
cGo 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
hDdf 47268 81482 593 548 3368 144 277 49 133729
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

n}lËs cfwf/df !) jif{ dflysf] s'n !,##,&@(hg;+Vofsf] j}jflxs l:yltnfO{ x]bf{ @^,)@$hgf k'¿if
/ @!,@$!dlxnfx¿ / # hgf cGo u/L s'n $&,@^*hgf cljjflxt cyf{t slxNo} ljjfx gePsf]
b]lvG5 eg] #%,&^! hgf k'¿if / $%,&@!hgf dlxnf u/L *!,$*@hgfsf] Ps ljjfx ePsf]
b]lvG5 . Psftkm{ %)%hgf k'¿ifx¿sf] ax'–ljjfx / %!@hgf k'¿ifx¿ ljw'/ /x]sf 5g\ eg] csf{]
tkm{ **hgf dlxnfsf] ax'–ljjfx / @,*%^dlxnfx¿ ljwjf ePsf] b]lvG5 .pko"{Qm tYof+sn]
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf k'¿if / dlxnfaLr /x]sf] j}jflxs c;dfgtfnfO{ O+lut u/]sf] 5 . k'¿ifsf]
t'ngfdf a9L dlxnfsf] ljjfx ePsf] ;fy} ljw'/ k'¿ifeGbf ljwjf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof ;d]t a9L b]lvG5
. k'¿ifeGbf dlxnfsf] ljjfx ;dod} ug{] kl/kf6L / ljwjf dlxnfnfO{ ljjfx u/L :jLsfg{] ;fdflhs
;f]rfOdf sdL /x]sf sf/0f k'¿if / dlxnf aLrdf 7"nf] c;dfgtf b]lvPsf] xf] . o; k|sf/sf
c;dfgtfsf] cGTo ug{ ;fdflhs hfu/0fsf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 .
xfn ljwjf ljjfxnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ /fHon] gLltx¿ lnPsf] / hgr]tgfdf cfPsf] ;sf/fTds
kl/jt{gn] ljwjf a:g] qmd 3l6/x]sf] eP tfklg Jofks ¿kdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;do nfUg] b]lvG5 .
j}jflxs l:ylt;DaGwL lj:t[t lj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 29

 !) jif{ eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] j}jflxs l:ylt

50000
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0

k'?if dlxnf

#=% xfn pd]/;d"xsf cfwf/df !) jif{eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] j}jflxs l:yltsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 11 M xfn pd]/ ;d"xsf cfwf/df !) jif{eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] j}jflxs l:yltsf] ljj/0f
j}jflxs l:ylt
xfnsf] pd]/ ;d"x ;DaGw
ljjfx ljb'/÷ yfxf
Ps ljjfx jx' ljjfx k'glj{jfx laR5]b÷ 5'l§Psf] hDdf
gePsf] ljw'jf gePsf]
kf/kfr's]
!)–!$ jif{ 13773 18 0 0 0 0 0 1 13792

!%–!( jif{ 16241 759 1 0 0 0 4 5 17010

@)–@$ jif{ 11207 5712 4 8 8 12 19 2 16972

@%–@( jif{ 3941 11167 19 21 26 18 33 6 15231

#)–#$ jif{ 1071 12358 25 49 53 36 38 4 13634

#%–#( jif{ 413 11971 58 78 107 20 45 2 12694

$)–$$ jif{ 190 9830 81 75 153 24 39 2 10394

$%–$( jif{ 146 7871 61 69 196 12 33 3 8391

%)–%$ jif{ 103 6402 79 62 306 8 18 6 6984

%%–%( jif{ 59 4634 62 48 319 7 21 6 5156

^)–^$ jif{ 35 3812 60 43 421 3 15 2 4391

^%–^( jif{ 32 2837 57 42 481 1 3 5 3458

&)–&$ jif{ 29 1975 28 27 477 0 4 3 2543

&%± jif{ 28 2136 58 26 821 3 5 2 3079

hDdf 47268 81482 593 548 3368 144 277 49 133729

k|ltzt 35.35 60.93 0.44 0.41 2.52 0.11 0.21 0.04 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 30

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf !) jif{ eGbf dflysf] !,##,&@(hg;+Vof slxNo} ljjfx gu/]sf] hg;+Vof
$&,@^*cyf{t #%=#%k|ltzt, ljjflxt *^,$^!cyf{t ^$=^%k|ltzt dWo] ax'ljjfx ug{]
)=$$k|ltzt, k'g{ljjfx ug{] )=$!k|ltzt, ljwjf jf ljb'/sf] ;+Vof @=%@k|ltzt, ;DaGw ljR5]b
ePsf )=!!k|ltzt, 5'l§Psf] )=@!k|ltzt / s]xL yfxf gePsf] ePsf]n] pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ;du|
j}jflxs cj:yf ;fdfGo /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pd]/;d"xut ljj/0f cg';f/ pkxfgu/kflndf #)–#$ pd]/
;d"xsf] j}jflxs cj:yf cGo pd]/;d"xsf] eGbf a9L b]lvG5 . csf{]tkm{ k"g{ljjfx #%–#( jif{df /
;DaGw ljR5]b #)–#$ pd]/ ;d"xdf al9 /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . xfn ljwjf ljjfxnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{
/fHon] gLltx¿ lnPsf] / hgr]tgfdf cfPsf] ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gn] ljwjf a:g] qmd 3l6/x]sf] eP
tfklg Jofks ¿kdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;do nfUg] b]lvG5 .

pd]/;d"xsf cfwf/df !) jif{eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] j}jflxs l:yltsf] ljj/0f

18000

16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
!)–!$ !%–!( @)–@$ @%–@( #)–#$ #%–#( $)–$$ $%–$( %)–%$ %%–%( ^)–^$ ^%–^( &)–&$ &)±jif{
jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{

ljjfx gePsf] Ps ljjfx ax'ljjfx k'g{ljjfx ljb'/÷ljw'jf ;DaGw ljR5]b÷kf/kfr's] 5'l§Psf] yfxf gePsf]

#=^ hfthftLsf] cfwf/df j8fut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf hfthfltsf cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0fnfO{ x]bf{ ;a}eGbf w]/} $*,@!% cyf{t
#)=&( k|ltzt a|fDx0f kxf8L, bf];|f]df #),(@) cyf{t !(=&%k|ltzt du/, t];|f] / rf}yf]df qmdz
!$=%^ k|ltzt If]qL / ^=!) k|ltzt g]jf/ /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L yf¿, sfdL, u'¿ª, bdfO{÷9f]nL,
d';ndfg, 7s'/L nufot cGo hfthfltx¿sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] 5 . o;/L hflto lx;fan]
ljljwtfo'Qm ;dfhdf :yfgLox¿ ;fdflhs ;lxi0f'tfsf;fy a;]sf] kfOG5 .pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
a;f]af; ug]{ ljleGg hfthftLsf] df}lns ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f, efiff / /xg;xgnfO{ ;+/If0f u/L
pgLx¿sf] klxrfg sfod /fVg] sfo{qmdx¿sf] lgdf{0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 .lj:t[t ljj/0f j8fut
¿kdf tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 31

 tflnsf g+= 12 M hfthftLsf] cfwf/df j8fut hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
hfthftL
j8f g++ a|fXd0f bdfO{÷9 pNn]v hDdf
du/ If]qL g]jf/ yf¿ sfdL u'¿ª d';ndfg 7s'/L cGo
kxf8L f]nL gePsf]
1 167 210 87 687 11 88 70 42 587 14 1114 0 3077
2 778 1313 629 661 178 719 185 270 306 99 944 0 6082
3 3502 1735 1920 1042 128 227 537 100 143 109 630 1 10074
4 1472 1062 625 508 38 148 127 64 95 105 284 1 4529
5 233 226 121 288 181 393 6 136 628 22 684 2 2920
6 1391 742 600 505 103 238 176 186 308 96 771 0 5116
7 3278 2467 1476 514 108 451 490 214 70 242 829 1 10140
8 4306 2307 1188 663 109 41 177 70 39 94 568 0 9562
9 2442 611 847 526 68 48 164 5 103 67 238 0 5119
10 1248 1522 658 385 68 111 595 48 51 120 351 0 5157
11 12220 8392 7494 2883 1429 2629 695 1303 494 549 5607 3 43698
12 4586 2455 1811 216 406 708 76 453 39 219 941 1 11911
13 5446 3414 2068 364 111 521 704 211 37 89 554 0 13519
14 1404 776 762 35 803 382 62 111 0 44 182 0 4561
15 1684 924 715 76 293 182 31 72 2 177 137 0 4293
16 1154 127 329 16 1167 61 10 37 15 13 265 0 3194
17 1146 1378 635 103 1630 330 191 169 33 57 799 0 6471
18 748 266 106 4 1276 17 3 22 9 0 162 0 2613
19 1010 993 720 70 1048 45 111 132 0 95 316 0 4540
hDdf 48215 30920 22791 9546 9155 7339 4410 3645 2959 2211 15376 9 156576
k|ltzt 30.79 19.75 14.56 6.10 5.85 4.69 2.82 2.33 1.89 1.41 9.82 0.01 100.00
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^
gf]6 M cGodf ;fsL{, a|fDx0f t/fO{, ;f]gf/, ;'g'jf/, ofbj, s'dfn, tfdfª, cGo hghflt, cGo blnt, ;Gof;L÷bzgfdL,
ysfnL, /fO{, cGo t/fO{, syjlgof÷s7jlgof, t]nL, ljb]zL, sfg', 5GTofn÷5Gt]n, wf]jL, rdf/÷xl/hg÷/fd, xhfd÷7fs'/,
a+ufnL, dfemL, s'dL{, df/jf8L, snjf/, xn'jfO{, dNnfx, a9fO{, b';fw÷kfzjfg÷kf;L, lnDa', nf]w, sfo:y, z]kf{, /fhk't,
sf]O/L÷s'Zjfxf, sx/, a/O{, 3tL{÷e'h]n, b/fO{, s]j6÷s]jt, d';x/, k~hfjL÷l;v, nf]xf/, kTy/s§f÷s'zjfl8of, 8f]d, kf]8],
ugufFO, /fhj+zL, wfg's, dfnL, sDxf/, vTj], wgsf/÷wl/sf/, n]Krf, afbL, ufOg], tLg ufpFn], Jof;L÷;f}sf, yfdL, /fhe/,
dfkmf{nL ysfnL, u8]/f÷e]l8of/, g'lgof, sf]/L, r'/f}6], sd/, bg'jf/, aflxª, snf/, agsl/of, sf]r], ef]6], ;tf/÷;Gyfn, ;'9L
cflb /x]sf 5g\ .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 32

 hfthfltsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

#=& pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf af]lng] efiffsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

g]kfn Ps ax'–hflt, ax'–efiff / ax'–;fF:s[lts ljz]iftf af]s]sf] /fi6« xf] . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
klg eflifs ljljwtf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s'n !,%^,%&^hg;+Vof dWo]
;a}eGbf a9L !,$),)!^cyf{t *(=$@k|ltztn] g]kfnLefiff, %,^^)cyf{t #=^!k|ltztn] yf¿ efiff,
$,***cyf{t #=!@k|ltztn] du/efiff,!,(&#cyf{t !=@^k|ltztn] g]jf/L efiff / afFsL cGo gu0o
;+Vofn] cGo efiff k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] kfOof] . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #@ df efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] xsnfO{
df}lns xssf] ¿kdf :yflkt u/]sf] / wf/f #! sf] lzIff;DaGwL xssf] pkwf/f % adf]lhd æg]kfndf
a;f]af; ug]{ k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ sfg'g adf]lhd cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf lzIff kfpg] / To;sf
nflu ljBfno tyf z}lIfs ;+:yf vf]Ng] / ;+rfng ug]{ xs x'g]5 .Æ egL :ki6 ls6fg u/]sf] 5 .
;+j}wflgs dd{cg'¿k oL efiffx¿sf] pTyfgsf sfo{qmdx¿ cl3 a9fpg' h¿/L 5 . t;y{ tfdfª,
du/, 3n] jf cGo cyf{t cfkm\gf] dft[efiffdf k9\g rfxg] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] ljz]if
Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . j8f cg';f/ lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 13 M dft[efiff cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
hfthftL
j8f g++ pNn]v hDdf
g]kfnL yf¿ du/ g]jf/L u'¿ª lxGbL ef]hk'/L d}lynL cjwL tfdfª cGo
gePsf]
1 2840 10 35 99 9 31 7 5 19 3 19 0 3077
2 5711 4 117 9 1 205 1 11 0 1 21 1 6082
3 9239 53 187 329 123 2 70 28 12 6 24 1 10074
4 4432 4 51 8 13 0 1 2 0 7 10 1 4529
5 2209 174 68 167 5 180 0 0 0 12 103 2 2920
6 4050 69 296 263 100 73 172 40 5 8 40 0 5116
7 9577 16 243 95 72 10 60 18 7 18 23 1 10140
8 8780 28 554 103 23 6 19 21 7 4 17 0 9562
9 5047 11 3 7 18 4 19 8 0 0 2 0 5119
10 4417 25 377 137 124 4 35 19 4 4 11 0 5157
11 40241 440 1417 572 133 296 201 101 113 29 152 3 43698

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 33

 hfthftL
j8f g++ pNn]v hDdf
g]kfnL yf¿ du/ g]jf/L u'¿ª lxGbL ef]hk'/L d}lynL cjwL tfdfª cGo
gePsf]
12 10905 113 575 88 30 26 18 13 46 9 87 1 11911
13 13120 5 99 7 222 15 23 2 2 0 24 0 13519
14 3318 764 329 13 32 18 35 0 8 3 41 0 4561
15 3920 258 79 21 0 2 0 2 6 1 4 0 4293
16 2341 805 23 4 1 19 0 1 0 0 0 0 3194
17 4574 1263 366 37 89 6 90 1 9 10 26 0 6471
18 1881 632 40 5 0 21 22 2 0 0 10 0 2613
19 3414 986 29 9 21 0 76 0 5 0 0 0 4540
hDdf 140016 5660 4888 1973 1016 918 849 274 243 115 614 10 156576
k|ltzt 89.42 3.61 3.12 1.26 0.65 0.59 0.54 0.17 0.16 0.07 0.39 0.01 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

gf]6M cGodf a+Unf, pb'{, ysfnL, 5GTofn, /fhj+zL, /fO{, s'dfn, ;'g'jf/, vfd, kGhfaL, dfemL, alHhsf, d';ndfg, nfKrf,
yfdL, rflDnª, lnDa', c+u|hL, ltAatL, /fh:yfgL, z]kf{, Nxf]dL, vfDrL -/fp6]_, ;+:s[t, nf]x¿ª, ;f+s]lts efiff, bg'jf/,
afGtjf, yfxf gePsf] cflb /x]sf 5g\ .

ufpFkflnsfdf af]lng] efiffsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

0.65%

0.59%
1.26%
0.54%

3.12% 0.17%
89.42% 10.58%
0.16%
3.61%
0.07%

0.39%

0.01%

g]kfnL yf? du/ g]jf/L u'?ª lxGbL ef]hk'/L d}lynL cjwL tfdfª cGo pNn]v gePsf]

-s_ cflbjf;L
cflbjf;L÷hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fg P]g, @)%* cg';f/ cflbjf;L hghftL eGgfn] cfkm\gf]
dft[efiff / k/Dk/fut /Lltl/jfh, 5'§} ;fF:s[lts klxrfg, 5'§} ;fdflhs ;+/rgf / lnlvt jf
clnlvt Oltxf; ePsf %* hflt jf ;d'bfonfO{{ a'lemG5 .
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] s'n hg;+Vof !,%^,%&^dWo] $%=&%k|ltzt -&!,^@&hgf_ hg;+Vof
cflbjf;L -du/, g]jf/, yf¿, u'¿ª_ cflb /x]sf 5g\ . h;df ;a}eGbf a9L du/ hfltsf] ;+Vof
#),(@) -!(=&%k|ltzt_ /x]sf] kfOG5 .d'VotM s[lif k]zfdf ;+nUg oL ;d'bfodf ;fIf/tf k|ltzt
t'ngfTds ¿kdf Go"g /x]sf] 5 . oL ;d'bfoåf/f pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] df}lns ;+:s[ltnfO{ hLjGt

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 34

/fVg ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] b]lvPtf klg of] ;d'bfo ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts / cfly{s ljsf;sf] b[li6sf]0fn]
k5fl8 k/]sf] b]lvG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu of] ;d'bfonfO{ clxn]sf] cj:yfaf6 dfly
p7fpg Ifdtf ljsf;, z;lQms/0f h:tf ljz]if sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .
-v_ pTkLl8t tyf l;dfGts[t ;d'bfo
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] efu #$ cGtu{t wf/f #)^ sf] -8_ df ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo eGgfn] /fhg}lts,
cfly{s / ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8 kfl/Psf lje]b / pTkL8g tyf ef}uf]lns ljs6tfsf] sf/0fn] ;]jf
;'ljwfsf] pkef]u ug{ g;s]sf jf To;af6 jl~rt /x]sf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhdsf] dfgj ljsf;sf]
:t/ eGbf Go"g l:yltdf /x]sf ;d'bfo ;Demg' kb{5 egL pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .
;fdflhs lje]bsf ¿kdf 5'jf5't h:tf] cdfgjLo e]befj ef]lu/x]sf] of] ;d'bfon] /fhgLlts,
cfly{s / ;fdflhs If]qdf ;d]t pk]Iffsf] cg''e"t ug'{ k/]sf] 5 . o; ;d'bfosf cfwf/e"t / df=lj=
txdf cWoog ug]{ 5fq 5fqfx¿sf] ;+Vof t'ngfTds ¿kdf sd /x]sf] 5 . k/Dk/fut ;Lksf] wgL
of] ;d'bfon] cfkm\gf] ;LknfO{ cfly{s ljkGgtf / ;fdflhs pk]Iffsf sf/0f klg cl3 a9fpg
g;s]sf] kfOG5 . lghfdtL ;]jf / u}/ ;/sf/L ;]jfdf klg of] ;d'bfosf] pkl:ylt cToGt} Go'g 5 .
hftLo pTyfgsf nflu @)$^, ;fn otf of] ;d'bfon] cfkm\gf ;fd'bflos ;+u7gx¿ ;d]t lgdf{0f
u/]sf] kfOG5 . /fhgLlts g]t[Tjdf eg] ;Lldt JolQmx¿dfq o; ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf
5g\ . o; ;d'bfosf clwsf+z JolQmx¿ cbIf / cw{bIf hgzlQm s} ¿kdf Hofnf, dhb'/L u/]/
hLjgofkg ul//x]sf] kfOG5 . o;pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu of] ;d'bfonfO{ clxn]sf]
cj:yfaf6 dfly p7fpg ljz]if cleofgsf] g} yfngL ug'{kg]{ cj:yf b]lvG5 .

#=* wd{ cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] j8fut ljj/0f

g]kfndf wfld{s :jtGqtf / ljljwtf /x]sf] 5 cem} ljlwjt¿kdf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#,
n] ldlt @)^# h]7 $ df k'g{:yflkt ;+;bsf] P]ltxfl;s 3f]if0ffn] g]kfnnfO{ Ps wd{ lg/k]If /fi6«sf]
¿kdf 3f]if0ff u¥of] . To:t} g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|:tfjgfdf g]kfnnfO{ Ps ax'hftLo,
ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts tyf ef}uf]lns ljljwtfo'Qm ljz]iftfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L
ljljwtfaLrsf] Pstf, ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts P]Soa4tf, ;lxi0f'tf / ;b\efjnfO{ ;+/If0f Pj+ k|jw{g
ub}{Ù juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs, wfld{s, n}lËs lje]b / ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] cGTo u/L
cfly{s ;dfgtf, ;d[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo ;'lglZrt ug{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns
l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+sNk ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . kmn:j¿k
g]kfndf wfld{s :jtGqtf / ;f}xfb{tf /x]sf] kfOG5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljleGg ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿sf] a;f]af; /x]sf] x'gfn] pgLx¿sf cfcfkm\g}
rf8kj{x¿ 5g\ . h:t} lxGb"wdf{jnDaLx¿n] a8fbz}+, ltxf/, /fdgjdL, dxflzj/fqL, xl/tflnsf,
>Lk~rdL, >Ls[i0f hGdfi6dL, xf]nL, r}t] bz}+, ;fpg]–df3] ;+qmflGt, dftftLy{ cf}+;L, cIfo t[tLof,
xl/zogL–xl/af]wgL PsfbzL, gfuk~rdL, /IffaGwg -hg}k"l0f{df_, s'z] cf}+;L, afnfrt'b{zL, sf]hfu|t

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 35

k"0fL{df, >L :j:yfgL k"l0f{df, gofFjif{ ;f]x|>f4, s"n–yfgL k"hfcflb rf8kj{x¿ dgfpg] ub{5g\ . af}4
wdf{jnDaLx¿n] a'4hoGtL tyf ljleGg Nxf];f/ kj{, ltxf/ cflb dgfpg] ub{5g . lqmlZrogx¿n]
lqmzd; 8], c+u|]hL gofF jif{ cflb dgfpg] ub{5g\ .
tflnsf g+= 14 M wd{ cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] j8fut ljj/0f
j8f lxGb" af}4 dfuL{ O{:nfd lqmlZrog cGo ls/fFt pNn]v gul/Psf] hDdf
1 2340 139 584 7 7 0 0 3077
2 5452 173 292 144 20 0 1 6082
3 9448 189 129 217 88 2 1 10074
4 4222 176 90 24 15 0 2 4529
5 2264 40 604 6 0 4 2 2920
6 4561 209 290 56 0 0 0 5116
7 9449 548 65 46 31 0 1 10140
8 9012 444 38 53 9 6 0 9562
9 4923 109 69 2 12 4 0 5119
10 4622 437 51 44 0 3 0 5157
11 42274 334 454 508 113 12 3 43698
12 11807 43 35 24 1 0 1 11911
13 13000 364 25 107 23 0 0 13519
14 4518 18 3 21 1 0 0 4561
15 4185 27 0 73 8 0 0 4293
16 3144 2 16 31 0 1 0 3194
17 6183 92 38 136 21 1 0 6471
18 2599 3 10 0 1 0 0 2613
19 4501 33 4 2 0 0 0 4540
hDdf 148504 3380 2797 1501 350 33 11 156576
k|ltzt 94.84 2.16 1.79 0.96 0.22 0.02 0.01 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s'n !,%^,%&^hg;+Vof dWo] !,$*,%)$cyf{t ($=*$k|ltzt hg;+Vofn]
lxGb" wd{ dfGb5g\ eg] bf];|f]df af}4 dfuL{ wd{ dfGg]sf] ;+Vof #,#*)cyf{t @=!^k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ .
lxGb" wdf{jnDaL afx'Notf /x]sf] x'gfn] lxGb"wd{ dfGg] ($=*$k|ltzt b]lvPklg pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
af}4 wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] ;+Vof klg pNn]Vo /x]sf] tYofÍn] b]vfpF5 . To;}u/L !=&( k|ltzt O{:nfd
wdf{jnDaL /x]sf 5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf wfld{s ljljwtf /x] klg lxGb" / af}4 wdf{jnDaLx¿sf]
k|wfgtf /x]sf] tYofÍn] b]vfpF5 . g]kfndf ;lbof}+b]lv /lxcfPsf] wfld{s ;lxi0f'tf eg] o;
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf sfod} /x]sf] b]lvG5 . af}4, O:nfd / lqmlZrog wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] /fd|f] afx'Notf
ePsfn] wd{ ;+:s[lt hu]gf{ ug]{ tyf u'Daf, r}To, dl:hb tyf rr{sf] lgdf{0f u/L df}lnstfdf cfwfl/t
ax';fF:s[lts tyf wfld{s s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf pkdxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . j8fut ¿kdf
ljleGg wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 36

 wd{cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] j8fut ljj/0f
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0

lxGb" af}4 dfuL{ O{:nfd lqmlZrog cGo ls/fFt pNn]v gul/Psf]

#=( cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof

^ dlxgfeGbf nfdf] ;do;Dd sfd, lzIff, Joj;fo, cGo /f]huf/L jf gf]s/L, cf}ifwf]krf/ h:tf
sf/0fn] 3/kl/jf/df cg'kl:yt x'g] hg;+VofnfO{ cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof elgG5 . t;y{ o:tf] hg;+Vof
d'n ynf]df cg'kl:yt /xg] ePsf]n] To;nfO{ cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ¿kdf tYofÍdf b]vfpg] ul/G5
. cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofx¿ ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] vf]hLdf w]/} zx/ s]lGb|t ePsf] kfOG5 . h;n]
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf sltko 3/x¿ vfnL /x]sf] kfO{G5 . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf
$),*&$3/kl/jf/ dWo] !),*(^hgf k'¿if / #,$(&hgf dlxnf / ! hgf cGo u/L s'n
!$,#($hg;+Vofsf] cg'kl:ylt /x]sf] b]lvG5 .cg'kl:yt hg;+VofnfO{ cfˆg} d"nynf]df kmsf{pg]
jftfj/0fsf nflu gu/kflnsfsfn] cfwf/e"t ;]jf ;'ljwf nufot /f]huf/Lsf cj;/df j[l4 ug'{kb{5
. lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 15 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
j8f k'¿if dlxnf cGo hDdf
1 26 12 0 38

2 270 70 0 340

3 490 245 0 735

4 373 176 0 549

5 44 15 0 59

6 354 168 0 522

7 674 307 1 982

8 581 285 0 866

9 279 95 0 374

10 370 144 0 514

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 37

 j8f k'¿if dlxnf cGo hDdf
11 2662 736 0 3398

12 1302 405 0 1707

13 1220 305 0 1525

14 424 93 0 517

15 476 112 0 588

16 320 115 0 435

17 384 51 0 435

18 182 69 0 251

19 465 94 0 559

hDdf 10896 3497 1 14394

k|ltzt 75.70 24.29 0.01 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

#=(=! pd]/ / lnËsf cfwf/df cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 16 M pd]/ / lnËsf cfwf/df cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
cg'kl:yt JolQm cg'kl:yt x'Fbfsf] pd]/ ;d"x
j8f !)–!( @)–@( #)–#( $)–$( %) jif{ jf
lnË )–( jif{;Dd hDdf
jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ ;f]eGbf a9L
k'¿if 1 3 10 8 4 0 26
1
dlxnf 3 1 4 4 0 0 12
k'¿if 8 39 124 64 27 8 270
2
dlxnf 3 13 24 22 6 2 70

k'¿if 42 72 211 121 27 17 490

3
dlxnf 48 42 99 39 11 6 245
k'¿if 36 54 174 69 25 15 373
4
dlxnf 27 31 81 26 4 7 176
k'¿if 1 4 22 12 3 2 44
5
dlxnf 0 2 10 2 1 0 15

k'¿if 30 75 163 65 12 9 354

6
dlxnf 17 34 75 32 5 5 168
k'¿if 41 86 309 156 57 25 674
7 dlxnf 44 30 136 66 15 16 307
cGo 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

k'¿if 41 83 256 118 49 34 581

8
dlxnf 33 49 137 45 10 11 285

k'¿if 19 49 130 49 22 10 279

9
dlxnf 12 10 56 7 4 6 95
10 k'¿if 25 55 176 81 20 13 370

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 38

 cg'kl:yt JolQm cg'kl:yt x'Fbfsf] pd]/ ;d"x
j8f !)–!( @)–@( #)–#( $)–$( %) jif{ jf
lnË )–( jif{;Dd hDdf
jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ ;f]eGbf a9L
dlxnf 23 24 68 16 7 6 144

k'¿if 136 471 1232 538 224 61 2662

11
dlxnf 102 119 326 131 37 21 736

k'¿if 75 157 567 319 137 47 1302

12
dlxnf 59 49 172 73 21 31 405
k'¿if 48 215 660 223 58 16 1220
13
dlxnf 37 62 151 41 10 4 305

k'¿if 26 54 196 105 33 10 424

14
dlxnf 20 11 43 13 6 0 93

k'¿if 24 86 254 92 18 2 476

15
dlxnf 14 18 65 9 3 3 112
k'¿if 26 46 161 70 13 4 320
16
dlxnf 20 21 57 16 1 0 115

k'¿if 10 65 202 81 24 2 384

17
dlxnf 5 4 28 10 3 1 51

k'¿if 21 20 93 40 6 2 182
18
dlxnf 17 4 39 7 1 1 69
k'¿if 15 80 265 81 20 4 465
19
dlxnf 11 16 55 7 4 1 94

k'¿if 625 1714 5205 2292 779 281 10896

dlxnf 495 540 1626 566 149 121 3497

hDdf
cGo 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
s'n hDdf 1120 2254 6832 2858 928 402 14394

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf lnË / pd]/;d"x cg';f/ cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f x]bf{ ;a}eGbf a9L @)–
@( jif{sf %,@)%k'¿ifx¿ 3/df cg'kl:yt ePsf] kfOof] eg] ;a}eGbf sd cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf]
pd]/ ;d"xdf %) jif{ eGbf dflysf !@! dlxnfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . @)–$( jif{sf *,@&^k'¿ifx¿
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt ePsf] kfOof] .bf];|f] pd]/ ;d"xdf !( jif{;Ddsf @,##(k'¿ifx¿
cg'kl:yt /x]sf 5g\ . o; tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0faf6 z;St o'jf cj:yfsf] k'¿if hg;+Vof sfd,
/f]huf/L, cWoog jf cGo sf/0fn] pkdxfgu/kflnsf aflx/ x'g' eg]sf] pkdxfgu/kflnsfleq tL
;a}vfn] cj;/x¿ Go"g x'g' xf] . csf{]tkm{ dlxnfsf] cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof pNn]Vo ¿kdf sd x'g'n]
n}lËs c;dfgtf /x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 . o;sf] csf{] cy{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf dlxnf, j[4x¿ /
s]6fs]6Lsf] hg;+Vofsf] jfx'Notf /x]sf] ;d]t :ki6 x'G5 . o;/L ;lqmo ;Ifd / h'emf¿ o'jf
hgzlQmsf] 7"nf] lx:;f pkdxfgu/kflnsfaf6 aflx/ /xFbf pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;du| ljsf;df
bL3{sfnLg gsf/fTds k|efj kb{5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] To:tf o'jfx¿nfO{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
kms{]/ k]zf, Joj;fo, /f]huf/L nufotsf cfo cfh{gsf] lqmofsnfkx¿ ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug{] vfnsf

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 39

sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug'{kg{] b]lvG5 . j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf tyf :tDe lrqdf klg k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 .

pd]/ / lnËsf cfwf/df cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
)–( jif{ ;Dd !)–!( jif{ @)–@( jif{ #)–#$ jif{ $)–$( jif{ %) jif{ jf ;f]
eGbf dfly
cg'kl:yt k'?if cg'kl:yt dlxnf

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 40

 #=(=@ lnËcg';f/ z}lIfs :t/sf] cfwf/df pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 17 M lnËcg';f/ z}lIfs :t/sf] cfwf/df pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
cg'kl:yt x'Fbf j8f g+=
lnË hDdf
pQL0f{ u/]sf] tx 1 2 3 4 5 6 & * ( !) !! !@ !# !$ !% !^ !& !* !(
k'¿if 0 1 2 6 0 5 4 1 0 2 6 8 3 0 1 3 0 2 2 46
k"j{ k|fylds dlxnf 0 1 4 2 0 2 2 5 0 2 7 6 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 34
hDdf 0 2 6 8 0 7 6 6 0 4 13 14 3 0 1 4 0 4 2 80
k'¿if 5 22 23 12 3 17 20 20 6 20 189 102 68 27 35 34 47 22 32 704
sIff !–% dlxnf 0 7 11 6 1 5 12 12 4 8 47 25 14 3 10 6 8 6 4 189
hDdf 5 29 34 18 4 22 32 32 10 28 236 127 82 30 45 40 55 28 36 893
k'¿if 2 47 30 24 4 43 59 17 5 19 261 120 116 57 52 47 76 17 71 1067
sIff ^–* dlxnf 0 6 8 4 0 10 16 9 3 8 38 31 17 9 7 5 6 4 5 186
hDdf 2 53 38 28 4 53 75 26 8 27 299 151 133 66 59 52 82 21 76 1253
k'¿if 1 47 66 30 6 39 108 56 16 51 422 179 262 81 58 56 61 36 115 1690
sIff (–!) dlxnf 1 9 18 8 1 10 30 23 2 16 65 28 32 2 5 11 2 5 9 277
hDdf 2 56 84 38 7 49 138 79 18 67 487 207 294 83 63 67 63 41 124 1967
k'¿if 4 42 60 61 7 43 114 41 41 68 499 220 250 61 80 29 34 14 50 1718
SLC/SEEjf
dlxnf 4 2 21 16 1 32 27 15 14 21 67 37 30 7 6 8 5 6 4 323
;f] ;/x
hDdf 8 44 81 77 8 75 141 56 55 89 566 257 280 68 86 37 39 20 54 2041
k'¿if 7 40 147 90 9 68 211 185 109 123 666 319 260 75 119 57 57 34 111 2687
sIff !@jf 2 11 71 52 5 28 99 91 25 42 203 85 82 19 34 27 13 5 27 921
dlxnf
;f] ;/x
hDdf 9 51 218 142 14 96 310 276 134 165 869 404 342 94 153 84 70 39 138 3608
k'¿if 3 23 75 61 6 54 79 132 52 48 313 164 141 22 43 50 20 19 37 1342
:gfts jf 2 6 38 31 5 27 48 76 22 18 132 67 65 8 21 21 5 18 17 627
dlxnf
;f] ;/x
hDdf 5 29 113 92 11 81 127 208 74 66 445 231 206 30 64 71 25 37 54 1969

:gftsf]Q/ k'¿if 3 9 46 25 1 33 30 95 30 22 127 78 66 20 24 22 8 17 12 668

jf ;f]eGbf dlxnf 1 4 27 9 0 16 19 21 10 9 52 37 23 11 12 13 1 5 7 277
dfly hDdf 4 13 73 34 1 49 49 116 40 31 179 115 89 31 36 35 9 22 19 945

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 41

 cg'kl:yt x'Fbf j8f g+=
lnË hDdf
pQL0f{ u/]sf] tx 1 2 3 4 5 6 & * ( !) !! !@ !# !$ !% !^ !& !* !(
k'¿if 0 20 2 8 5 17 8 2 0 1 48 47 5 43 45 1 3 3 20 278
;fIf/ dlxnf 0 10 4 3 0 11 11 4 1 1 23 22 8 9 7 1 4 0 10 129
hDdf 0 30 6 11 5 28 19 6 1 2 71 69 13 52 52 2 7 3 30 407
k'¿if 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6
cgf}krfl/s 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 5 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 17
dlxnf
lzIff
hDdf 0 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 4 6 1 2 0 2 0 0 1 23
k'¿if 1 8 1 1 0 3 1 2 3 0 9 0 5 0 1 2 6 2 0 45
cGo dlxnf 0 8 1 5 0 1 2 1 0 0 10 1 2 1 0 2 0 2 0 36
hDdf 1 16 2 6 0 4 3 3 3 0 19 1 7 1 1 4 6 4 0 81
k'¿if 0 6 5 32 3 13 7 2 2 1 24 14 12 13 2 1 63 2 5 207
yfxf gePsf] dlxnf 1 4 1 21 1 13 4 6 3 3 14 21 3 7 0 1 3 5 1 112
hDdf 1 10 6 53 4 26 11 8 5 4 38 35 15 20 2 2 66 7 6 319
k'¿if 26 265 457 351 44 335 641 553 265 355 2566 1252 1188 400 460 302 375 168 455 10458
hDdf dlxnf 11 68 206 158 15 155 270 263 85 128 660 365 277 77 102 98 47 58 85 3128
hDdf 37 333 663 509 59 490 911 816 350 483 3226 1617 1465 477 562 400 422 226 540 13586

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt /x]sf !$,#($ hgf z}lIfs :t/sf] cfwf/df x]bf{ k"j{ k|fylds lzIff pQL0f{ ug]{x¿sf] ;+Vof *), sIff ! b]lv % sIff
cWoog u/]sf *(# hgf, sIff (–!) cWoog u/]sf !,(^& hgf / :gfts jf ;f] ;/x cWoog u/]sf !,(^( hgf /x]sf 5g\ . cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof sfd
tyf /f]huf/L jf cGo sf/0fn] cg'kl:yt ePsf] kfOof] . tYofÍnfO{ x]bf{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf dfWoflds tx cWoog u/L cg'kl:yt x'g]sf] ;+Vof w]/} /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . dfWoflds :t/;Ddsf cWoog k"/f u/L sfd jf /f]huf/df aflxl/g] hg;+Vof / k9\bf k9\b} cf7 sIff plQ{0f u/]/ sfd jf /f]huf/Lsf nflu k9fO
5f]8\g]sf] hg;+Vof pNn]Vo /x]sf] kfOof] . o; lx;fan] lzlIft / bIf hgzlQm eGbf cw{lzlIft / cbIf jf cw{bIf hg;+Vofn] cWoog eGbf ;fdfGo :t/sf]
jf :t/eGbf Go"g vfnsf] /f]huf/L jf sfddf aflxl/Psf ;+s]t ub{5 . j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 42

 z}lIfs :t/sf] cfwf/df ufpFkflnsfdf cg'kl:yt hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

26.56%
14.49%

6.96%
15.02%
3.00%

6.57% 0.17%
9.22%
14.48% 0.60%

2.35%

0.59%

k'j{–k|fylds sIff !–% sIff ^–* sIff (–!)

P;Pn;L jf ;f] ;/x sIff !@ jf ;f] ;/x :gfts jf ;f] ;/x :gftsf]Q/ jf ;f] ;/x
;fIf/ cgf}krfl/s lzIff cGo yfxf gePsf]

#=(=# cg'kl:yt JolQmsf] cg'kl:yt x'g'sf] sf/0f;DaGwL ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 18 M cg'kl:yt JolQmsf] cg'kl:yt x'g'sf] sf/0f;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg'kl:yt x'g'sf] sf/0f
j8f sfd÷hflu/sf] cWoog÷tfl lghL ;/sf/L Jofkf/÷J hDdf
cfl>t cGo yfxf 5}g åGb
vf]hL nd gf]s/L hflu/ oj;fo
1 8 3 2 4 0 17 3 1 0 38

2 180 54 55 17 5 10 10 9 0 340

3 185 279 112 33 81 17 14 12 2 735

4 196 171 37 15 49 47 16 17 1 549

5 5 20 25 1 2 4 0 2 0 59

6 198 186 45 8 48 25 10 2 0 522

7 342 240 175 20 101 76 15 13 0 982

8 199 358 93 105 42 48 15 6 0 866

9 72 158 50 9 13 47 10 15 0 374

10 159 164 92 33 14 37 9 6 0 514

11 993 775 1006 291 219 44 42 27 1 3398

12 444 346 440 141 155 94 62 21 4 1707

13 473 320 378 171 83 42 39 19 0 1525

14 264 74 96 29 29 16 3 2 4 517

15 264 145 95 46 4 22 11 1 0 588

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 43

 cg'kl:yt x'g'sf] sf/0f
j8f sfd÷hflu/sf] cWoog÷tfl lghL ;/sf/L Jofkf/÷J hDdf
cfl>t cGo yfxf 5}g åGb
vf]hL nd gf]s/L hflu/ oj;fo
16 201 96 36 27 50 8 13 4 0 435

17 113 42 238 19 1 9 1 12 0 435

18 99 41 18 19 55 6 9 4 0 251

19 215 107 154 54 16 3 6 4 0 559

hDdf 4610 3579 3147 1042 967 572 288 177 12 14394

k|ltzt 32.0 24.9 21.9 7.2 6.7 4.0 2.0 1.2 0.1 100.0

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt /x]sf s'n !$,#($hg;+Vof dWo] %&@ hgfn] cGo sf/0f /
!&&hgfn] sf/0f yfxf gePsf] pQ/ cfPsf]n] Tof] ;+Vofn] cg'kl:yltsf] s]xL lx:;f c:ki6 b]lvG5
.afFsL hg;+Vof dWo] ;a}eGbf w]/} $,^!)hgf cyf{t\ #@k|ltzt hflu/÷sfdsf] vf]hLsf] l;nl;nfdf
cg'kl:yt /x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L #,%&(cyf{t @$=(k|ltzt cWoogsf] lznlznfdf, #,!$&cyf{t
@!=( k|ltzt lghL gf]s/Lsf] lznlznfdf cg'kl:yt ePsf] b]lvG5 . cg'kl:yt x'g] hg;+Vofsf]
sf/0fx¿ x]bf{ pkdxfgu/kflnsf leq lzIff tyf /f]huf/sf] kof{Kt cj;/x¿ geP/ pko"Qm
cj;/sf] vf]hLdf aflxl/Psf] tYo b]lvG5 . clwsf+z aflxl/g]x¿df sfd, /f]huf/L tyf lzIffsf]
vf]hLdf g} kl/jf/ ;lxt cg'kl:yt /xg] x'Fbf pgLx¿;Fu cfl>t ;b:ox¿ ljz]ifu/L ljBfno hfg]
afnaflnsf ;fydf uPsf] sf/0fn] xf] . j8f cg';f/sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

cg'kl:yt JolQmsf] cg'kl:yt x'g'sf] sf/0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f

7.2%
21.9%
24.9%

6.7%

4.0%

32.0%
2.0%

1.2%

0.1%

sfd÷hflu/sf] vf]hL cWoog÷tflnd lghL gf]s/L ;/sf/L hflu/ cfl>t

cGo Jofkf/÷Joj;fo yfxf 5}g åGb

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 44

#=(=$ cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] :yfgsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 19 M cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] :yfgsf] ljj/0f
xfn al;/x]sf] :yfg
pNn]v
j8f o;} lhNnfsf] hDdf
g]kfnsf] cGo lhNnf ljb]z yfxf gePsf] gePsf]
cGoq :yfg
1 0 2 32 3 1 38

2 2 75 253 4 6 340

3 0 164 531 3 37 735

4 10 126 391 3 19 549

5 0 11 42 5 1 59

6 1 110 379 1 31 522

7 10 144 809 6 13 982

8 1 171 690 0 4 866

9 4 77 282 2 9 374

10 1 80 415 2 16 514

11 39 623 2697 2 37 3398

12 6 393 1227 0 81 1707

13 21 289 1173 7 35 1525

14 10 74 396 4 33 517

15 1 110 462 0 15 588

16 7 107 270 10 41 435

17 0 44 378 0 13 435

18 1 71 143 0 36 251

19 5 90 443 2 19 559

hDdf 119 2761 11013 54 447 14394

k|ltzt 0.83 19.18 76.51 0.38 3.11 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt /x]sf !$,#($ hg;+Vof dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L !!,)!# cyf{t &^=%!
k|ltzt hg;+Vof ljb]zdf /x]sf], @,&^! cyf{t !(=!* k|ltzt hg;+Vof g]kfnsf] cGo lhNnfdf
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0faf6 7"nf] ;+Vofsf] cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof b]z aflx/ uPsf] b]lvG5
h;df /f]huf/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf Pl;ofsf ljleGg d'n'sx¿df k'Ug]sf] ;+Vof eg] ;a}eGbf a9L /x]sf
5g\ . csf{] tkm{ cj;/sf] vf]hLdf b]zs} cGo zx/L Onfsfdf, ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf cGo
lhNnf tyf cWoog tyf cGo cj;/sf] sf/0f b]zsf d'Vo zx/x¿ / /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+df /x]sf]
cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . o; afx]s cGo o"/f]lkog b]zx¿, cd]l/sf / ci6«]lnof hfg]x¿sf] ;+Vof eg]
cToGt Go"g /x]sf] 5 . ljsl;t d'n's eGbf l5d]sL d'n's ef/t / pbfpFbf cf}Bf]lus vf8L /fi6«x¿
tyf dn]l;ofdf sfdsf] nflu aflxl/Psf]n] Tof] hg;+Vof hf]lvdo'Qm / s8f >do'Qm sfd ug{ afWo
/x]sf]5 . j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 45

 tflnsf g+= 20 M cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] :yfgsf] ljj/0f
xfn al;/x]sf] :yfg
oxL
j8f g]kfnsf] pQ/ hDdf
p=d=gfsf] Pl;ofnL ci6«]lnof÷ o"/f]k]nL blIf0f clk|msg yfxf
csf]{ cd]l/sL
csf{] /fi6« Go" h LNof08 /fi6« cd]l/sL /fi6« 5}g
lhNnf /fi6«
:yfgdf
1 2 1 11 6 1 10 0 0 7 38

2 78 5 185 11 15 15 1 1 29 340

3 166 35 225 110 66 52 2 2 77 735

4 136 17 223 45 71 49 0 2 6 549

5 11 1 30 5 3 0 0 0 9 59

6 111 29 178 70 65 36 1 1 31 522

7 156 9 448 131 103 95 0 0 40 982

8 173 3 297 149 112 125 2 1 4 866

9 79 9 128 61 38 49 3 2 5 374

10 79 16 262 50 63 33 7 0 4 514

11 658 32 1987 296 189 178 7 8 43 3398

12 405 71 888 136 94 66 4 4 39 1707

13 307 31 904 85 68 57 3 1 69 1525

14 86 27 336 26 13 14 2 3 10 517

15 112 13 367 37 26 23 5 2 3 588

16 115 38 186 17 11 8 1 1 58 435

17 44 13 341 7 18 9 2 0 1 435

18 73 35 111 13 7 8 1 0 3 251

19 95 19 391 25 17 9 0 1 2 559

hDdf 2886 404 7498 1280 980 836 41 29 440 14394

k|ltzt 20.1% 2.8% 52.1% 8.9% 6.8% 5.8% .3% .2% 3.1% 100.0%

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt /x]sf !$,#($ hg;+Vof dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L &,$(* cyf{t %@=!
k|ltzt hg;+Vof Pl;ofnL /fi6«df a;f]af; u/]sf] kfOG5 . bf];|f]df g]kfnsf] csf{] lhNnfdf a;f]af;
ug{] b]lvG5 h'g @,**^ cyf{t @)=!k|ltzt 5 .ci6«]lnof÷Go"lhNof08 uPsf] hg;+Vof !,@*) cyf{t
*=( k|ltzt b]lvG5 . o"/f]k]nL /fi6«, cd]l/sfnufotsf /fi6«x¿df hfg]sf] ;+Vof guGo /x]sf] 5 .
sxfF uPsf] eGg] yfxf gePsf] hg;+Vof eg] $$) cyf{t #=! k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . o;n] a9L dfqfdf
sfd tyf cj;/sf] vf]hLdf b]zs} cGo zx/L efudf hg;+Vofsf] 7"nf] lx:;f /x]sf] cg'dfg nufpg
;lsG5 . o;n] pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf g} :jf:Yo, lzIff tyf /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ l;h{gf u/L yk
cg'kl:yt /xg] cj:yfnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 46

#=(=% cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] b]zsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 21 M cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] b]zsf] ljj/0f
b]zsf] gfd
j8f ;fpbL cGo PlzofnL hDdf
ef/t ci6«]lnof stf/ o"=P=O{ cd]l/sf hfkfg cGo
c/]ljof /fi6«
1 3 6 0 0 5 3 1 2 8 28

2 21 11 35 41 12 8 19 9 72 228

3 71 109 22 9 44 20 14 25 143 457

4 40 42 16 33 41 23 20 7 168 390

5 10 5 3 2 0 1 4 2 11 38

6 34 69 11 23 34 17 28 18 117 351

7 118 128 58 55 85 49 25 54 205 777

8 58 148 28 43 108 50 3 11 237 686

9 41 59 11 17 46 14 5 14 74 281

10 64 50 21 24 20 23 17 18 178 415

11 716 289 222 162 154 184 200 122 616 2665

12 369 131 84 117 57 64 73 18 279 1192

13 341 82 83 97 43 71 63 83 255 1118

14 120 25 51 55 9 7 28 4 95 394

15 109 36 72 41 17 44 35 3 103 460

16 75 17 21 22 8 14 10 4 53 224

17 96 7 65 25 8 16 55 16 89 377

18 24 13 16 6 8 11 10 22 30 140

19 88 25 65 59 9 44 46 11 96 443

hDdf 2398 1252 884 831 708 663 656 443 2829 10664

k|ltzt 22.49 11.74 8.29 7.79 6.64 6.22 6.15 4.15 26.53 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

gf]6M cGo /fi6«x¿df dn]l;of, xªsª, s'j]t, cGo o"/f]k]nL /fi6«, blIf0f sf]l/of, a]nfot, kf]r'{un, Sofg8f, hd{gL, cf]dfg, l;+ufk'/,
ax/fO{g, 8]gdfs{, lkmgNof08, rLg, cGo blIf0f cd]l/sL /fi6«, a]lNhod, cGo pQ/ cd]l/sL /fi6«, dsfp, Go"lhNof08, dflNbE;\, a'gfO{,
a+unfb]z, /l;of, blIf0f clk|msf, :k]g, k|mfG;, O6fnL, yfONof08, cGo clk|msL b]z, g]b/Nof08, odg, Oh/fon, hf]8{g, gj{], nShDju{,
O{/fs, n]jgg, cGo /fi6«, sf]Ouf], O{/fg, lrnL, :jL6h/Nof08, a|flhn, sDaf]l8of, tfOjfg, leotgfd, >Ln+sf, kfls:tfg, e'6fg, O{lhK6,
3fgf, sf]nlDaof, ch{]lG6gf, sf]:6fl/sf, Ujf6]dfnf, d]lS;sf], lkmlnlkG;, OG8f]g]lzof cflb /x]sf 5g\ .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt /x]sf s'n hg;+Vofsf] ;a}eGbf a9L ef/t uPsfx¿sf] ;+Vof
@,#(* cyf{t @@=$( k|ltzt, bf];|f]df ci6«]lnof uPsfx¿sf] ;+Vof !,@%@ cyf{t !!=&$ k|ltzt
/x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L stf/ uPsfx¿sf] ;+Vof **$ cyf{t *=@( k|ltzt, o'=P=O{ uPsfx¿sf] ;+Vof
*#! cyf{t &=&(k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . ljb]zLPsfx¿sf] tYofÍ x]bf{ w]/} Pl;ofnL d'n's uPsf] / To;
afx]s o'/f]k]nL /fi6«, cd]l/sg /fi6« hfg]x¿sf] ;+Vof eg] sd b]lvG5 . o;/L 7"nf] lx:;f hg;+Vof

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 47

aflxl/Fbf ljk|]if0fn cfo k|fKt x'g] eP tfklg o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] ;+Vofdf kl/jt{g Nofpg'k5{ .
o;sf nflu b"/b[li6 ;lxt lbuf] ;f]r / ljsf;sf] nIo lnP/ pTkfbgzLn sfddf cufl8 a9\g] o'jf
hdftsf] pkl:ylt pkdxfgu/kflnsfd} x'g' clgjfo{ 5 . o;/L o'jf zlQmnfO{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfs}
ljsf;sf nflu kl/rfng u/L cg'kl:yt hg;+VofnfO{ sd ug{] k|efjsf/L of]hgf / To;sf]
sfof{Gjog ug'{ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] nIo x'g h¿/L 5 . lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
#=(=^ cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] lhNnfsf] cfwf/df ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 22 M cg'kl:yt hg;+Vof xfn al;/x]sf] lhNnfsf] ljj/0f
lhNnfsf] gfd
j8f hDdf
sf7df8f}F sf:sL kfNkf u'NdL ¿kGb]xL lrtjg c3f{vfFrL slkna:t' cGo
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2

2 35 0 4 3 2 6 1 1 26 78

3 114 11 14 4 0 1 0 0 22 166

4 85 10 2 6 10 1 3 2 17 136

5 7 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 11

6 87 3 0 2 0 4 1 4 10 111

7 88 10 10 2 10 5 2 1 28 156

8 125 4 2 7 0 7 1 1 26 173

9 61 1 2 0 2 0 0 1 12 79

10 52 6 1 1 0 4 1 3 11 79

11 381 34 46 28 29 6 9 7 118 658

12 176 22 20 37 2 22 40 8 78 405

13 154 5 16 18 17 9 11 20 57 307

14 43 2 9 1 6 2 4 0 19 86

15 69 5 4 4 1 9 1 0 19 112

16 54 9 3 2 5 2 3 5 32 115

17 20 1 2 1 0 2 0 3 15 44

18 36 2 1 1 1 2 4 7 19 73

19 45 16 4 0 5 3 0 5 17 95

hDdf 1633 142 141 117 90 85 81 68 529 2886

k|ltzt 56.58 4.92 4.89 4.05 3.12 2.95 2.81 2.36 18.33 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

dflysf] tYofÍnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfjf6 aflxl/g] hg;+Vof dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L
cyf{t %^=%* k|ltzt ;+3Lo /fhwfgL sf7df8f}F / cGo qmdzMsf:sLsf zx/L s]Gb|x¿ / kfNkfdf
lzIff, /f]huf/ / cfjf;sf nflu aflxl/Psf] b]lvG5 . of] :jfefljs k|j[lQ xf] . o;nfO{ Go"g ug{
pkdxfgu/kflnsfleq g} u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf, ;'ljwf / cj;/x¿ sf] >[hgf ug'{ clgjfo{ b]lvG5 cGoyf
hg;+Vof dWo] o""jf cj:yfsf] hg;+Vof knfog x'Fbf pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] bL3{sflng ljsf;df
ulDe/ c;/ kb{5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 48

#=!) JolQmut 36gf btf{
gful/sn] cfˆgf] JolQmut clwsf/ pkof]u ug{ sfg'gL k|lqmofx¿ kfngf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . gful/stf,
/fxbfgL, jf cGo kl/rokq lng, /f]huf/L jf pBd ug{, ljb]z hfg lglZrt sfg"gL k|lqmof k'/f
ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu ;/sf/n] cflwsf/Ls k|df0fkq pknAw u/fpF5 . hGd, d[To', a;fOF;/fO
ljjfx / ;DaGw ljR5]b h:tf 36gf ;dodf g} btf{ ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;+ljwfgn] gful/snfO{ ljleGg
clwsf/ k|Tofe"t u/]sf] 5 . To;sf] k|:yfg ljGb' eg]s} JolStut 36gf btf{ xf] . tL JolQmut 36gf
btf{sf cfwf/df /fli6«o tYofÍ agfpg] o;sf] ljZjJofkL dfGotf xf] . sxfF < slt hGd] < sltsf]
d[To' eof] < sltn] a;fOF;/fO u/] < sltsf] ;DaGw ljR5]b eof]< h:tf s'/fsf] hfgsf/L /fHon]
kfpg' k5{ . o;sf] cfwf/df ;/sf/n] ;]jf k|jfx;DaGwL gLlt agfpg] x'Fbf JolQmut 36gfbtf{
;dodf g} ug{ hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
#=!)=! kfFr jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfsf] hGdbtf{sf] cfwf/df j8fut ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 23 M kfFr jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfsf] hGdbtf{sf] cfwf/df j8fut ljj/0f
hGdbtf{ ePsf] hGdbtf{ gePsf] kfFr jif{d'lgsf hDdf afnaflnsf
j8f
afns aflnsf cGo hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf cGo hDdf
1 66 46 0 112 57 50 107 123 96 0 219

2 148 121 0 269 131 148 279 279 269 0 548

3 238 201 0 439 165 145 310 403 346 0 749

4 96 85 0 181 66 51 117 162 136 0 298

5 68 44 0 112 80 62 142 148 106 0 254

6 123 124 1 248 80 73 153 203 197 1 401

7 254 188 0 442 198 161 359 452 349 0 801

8 256 212 0 468 95 74 169 351 286 0 637

9 144 117 0 261 61 58 119 205 175 0 380

10 127 98 0 225 85 72 157 212 170 0 382

11 1153 971 0 2124 790 694 1484 1943 1665 0 3608

12 374 325 0 699 226 152 378 600 477 0 1077

13 420 314 0 734 245 189 434 665 503 0 1168

14 131 116 0 247 92 87 179 223 203 0 426

15 111 84 0 195 77 63 140 188 147 0 335

16 89 95 0 184 46 39 85 135 134 0 269

17 189 199 0 388 133 132 265 322 331 0 653

18 72 69 0 141 38 41 79 110 110 0 220

19 134 122 0 256 83 60 143 217 182 0 399

hDdf 4193 3531 1 7725 2748 2351 5099 6941 5882 1 12824

k|ltzt 32.70 27.53 0.01 60.24 21.43 18.33 39.76 54.13 45.87 0.01 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 49

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf hGd ePsf kfFr jif{ d'lgsf !@,*@$ afnaflnsfx¿ dWo] &,&@%cyf{t
^)=@$k|ltztsf] hGdbtf{ ul/Psf] / %,)(( hgf cyf{t #(=&^ k|ltztsf] hGdbtf{ gePsf] tYofÍ
/x]sf] 5 . hGd, d[To', a;fO–;/fO / ljjfx h:tf hLjgsf k|d'v JolQmut 36gfsf] clgjfo{ / ;dod}
btf{ ug'{kb{5 . o;af6 :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ olsg tYofÍsf] clen]v tof/ kfg{ ;xof]u k'Ub5 eg]
csf{] tkm{ gful/sx¿n] /fHoaf6 k|fKt ug{] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf nflu gful/ssf] klxrfg sfod ug{ / cGo
sfg"gL s[ofsnfkx¿df o;sf] cfjZostf kb{5 t;y{ hGdbtf{nfO{ ;dod} clgjfo{ ¿kdf ug{
k|f]T;fxg ug{] :yfgLo ;/sf/n] kxn ug'{kg{] b]lvG5 . hGdbtf{sf] j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf
k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

kfFr jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfsf] hGdbtf{;DaGwL ljj/0f

39.76%

60.24%

hGdbtf{ ePsf hGdbtf{ gePsf

#=!)=@ tYofÍ ;+sngsf] kl5Nnf] !@ dlxgfdf kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] d[To';DaGwL ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 24 M kl5Nnf] !@ dlxgfdf kl/jf/sf] ;b:o d[To';DaGwL ljj/0f
d[tssf] lnË hDdf
j8f
k'¿if dlxnf
1 42 32 74

2 49 40 89

3 120 91 211

4 53 25 78

5 24 15 39

6 79 56 135

7 95 70 165

8 112 101 213

9 56 35 91

10 57 53 110

11 280 172 452

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 50

 d[tssf] lnË hDdf
j8f
k'¿if dlxnf
12 165 111 276

13 94 63 157

14 58 39 97

15 54 41 95

16 48 36 84

17 61 47 108

18 28 19 47

19 70 75 145

hDdf 1545 1121 2666

k|ltzt 57.95 42.05 100.00

o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s"n $),*&^ 3/kl/jf/x¿dWo]df@,^^^ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .

h;df !,%$% hgf cyf{t %&=(% k|ltzt k'¿if / !,!@! cyf{t $@=)% k|ltzt dlxnfsf] d[To'
ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;a}eGbf w]/} d[To'sf] clen]v ePsf] j8f !! df $%@ hgf /x]sf] 5 eg] j8f g+= %
df sd d[To' ePsf] b]lvG5 . j8fut lj:t[t tYofÍ tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
ljut !@ dlxgfdf ePsf] d[To" ;+Vof 2666
sf]/f d[To'b/ Ö dWo jif{sf] hg;+Vof × !))) Ö × !))) Ö !& hgf
156576
cyf{t k|ltxhf/ hg;+Vofdf k|ltjif{ !& hgfsf] d[To' x'g] tYofÍn] b]vfpF5 . oBlk sf]/f d[To'b/n]
d[To'sf] cj:yfaf/] oyfy{ lrq0f ug{ eg] ;Sb}g .
kl5Nnf] !@ dlxgfdf kl/jf/sf] ;b:o d[To;DaGwL ljj/0f
300

250

200

150

100

50

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

d[To' ePsf] k'?if d[To' ePsf] dlxnf

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 51

#=!)=# lnÍ / pd]/ ;d"x cg';f/ ljut !@ dlxgfdf d[To' ePsfsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 25 M lnÍ / pd]/ cg';f/ ljut !@ dlxgfdf d[To' ePsfsf] ljj/0f
d[tssf] pd]/ d[ts k'¿ifsf] d[ts dlxnfsf] hDdf
;d"x ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
)–$ jif{ 22 0.8% 14 0.5% 36 1.4%

%–( jif{ 2 0.1% 4 0.2% 6 0.2%

!)–!$ jif{ 6 0.2% 5 0.2% 11 0.4%

!%–!( jif{ 14 0.5% 20 0.8% 34 1.3%

@)–@$ jif{ 29 1.1% 21 0.8% 50 1.9%

@%–@( jif{ 38 1.4% 15 0.6% 53 2.0%

#)–#$ jif{ 46 1.7% 17 0.6% 63 2.4%

#%–#( jif{ 78 2.9% 27 1.0% 105 3.9%

$)–$$ jif{ 76 2.9% 36 1.4% 112 4.2%

$%–$( jif{ 75 2.8% 36 1.4% 111 4.2%

%)–%$ jif{ 80 3.0% 54 2.0% 134 5.0%

%%–%( jif{ 112 4.2% 57 2.1% 169 6.3%

^)–^$ jif{ 132 5.0% 95 3.6% 227 8.5%

^%–^( jif{ 150 5.6% 118 4.4% 268 10.1%

&)–&% jif{ 173 6.5% 161 6.0% 334 12.5%

&%–&( jif{ 166 6.2% 132 5.0% 298 11.2%

*)–*( jif{ 265 9.9% 213 8.0% 478 17.9%

()–(( jif{ 76 2.9% 88 3.3% 164 6.2%

!)) jif{ jf 5 0.2% 8 0.3% 13 0.5%

;f]eGbf a9L
hDdf 1545 58.0% 1121 42.0% 2666 100.0%

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljut !@ dlxgfdf d[To' x'g]x¿sf] ;+VofnfO{ x]bf{ ;a}eGbf a9L d[To' ;+Vof *)
b]lv *( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf k'¿if / To;kl5 ;f]xL pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnfx¿ b]lvG5 . h;df ;a}eGbf
a9L *) b]lv *( jif{sf @^% hgf k'¿ifsf] d[To' ePsf] eg] bf];|f]df *) b]lv *( jif{sf] @!# hgf
dlxnfx¿sf] d[To' ePsf] b]lvG5 . rf}wf} cfjlws of]hgfsf cg';f/ g]kfndf hGdbfsf] avt cfd
g]kfnLsf] cf}ift cfo" ^( jif{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;fdfGotof pd]/ k'u]/ x'g] k|fs[lts d[To'nfO{
:jfefljs dfGg ;lsG5 t;y{ o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf a9L d[To' x'g] pd]/ ;d"x x]bf{ ^) jif{
dflysf] g} b]lvG5 . oBlk kl5Nnf] ;do cf}iflw lj1fg / lrlsT;f k4ltdf ePsf] pRr ljsf; /
cfw'lgs cf}iflw pkrf/df a[l4 ePsf] kx'Fr / qmlds ¿kdf :jf:Yo r]tgfsf] a[l4sf sf/0f g]kfnsf]
cf}ift cfo" ;d]t ljutsf jif{ eGbf a9\b} u}/x]sf] 5 . oBlk $ jif{;Ddsf afnaflnsfsf] d[To' ;+:yf
#^ ePsf]n] o;k|lt ;+Djb]gzLn x'g' kg{] cj:yf 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 52

 d[To' x'g]sf] pd]/ ;d"x / lnË cg';f/ d[tsx¿sf] ljj/0f
300

250

200

150

100

50

k'?if dlxnf

#=!)=$ d[To'sf] sf/0f cg';f/ d[tssf] hg;+Vof

tflnsf g+= 26 M d[To'sf] sf/0f cg';f/ d[tssf] hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
k'¿if dlxnf
d[To'sf] sf/0f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
sfnultn] dg{' 276 52.0% 255 48.0% 531

cGo sf/0fn] 186 59.0% 129 41.0% 315

SofG;/ 131 47.0% 148 53.0% 279

bd 111 55.0% 91 45.0% 202

/Qmrfk -pRr tyf lgDg /Qmrfk_ 135 71.1% 55 28.9% 190

yfxf gePsf]÷sf/0f gv'n]sf] 106 66.3% 54 33.8% 160

d'6';DaGwL /f]ux¿ 84 54.5% 70 45.5% 154

h08L; -sdnlkQ_ 86 78.9% 23 21.1% 109

d[uf}nf;DaGwL /f]u 60 58.3% 43 41.7% 103

oftfoft b'3{6gf 74 85.1% 13 14.9% 87

dw'd]x -8fOlal6h_ 39 51.3% 37 48.7% 76

lgdf]lgof 40 56.3% 31 43.7% 71

cGo b'3{6gf 47 71.2% 19 28.8% 66

Zjf; k|Zjf;;DaGwL /f]ux¿ 21 44.7% 26 55.3% 47

cfTdxTof 20 47.6% 22 52.4% 42

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 53

 k'¿if dlxnf
d[To'sf] sf/0f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
6fpsf];DaGwL -a|]g Xofd/]h_ 21 50.0% 21 50.0% 42

Uofl:6«s÷cN;/÷cfG›fsf] /f]u 24 64.9% 13 35.1% 37

sn]hf];DaGwL /f]u 18 56.3% 14 43.8% 32

Ifo/f]u 11 55.0% 9 45.0% 20

k|fs[lts k|sf]k 10 55.6% 8 44.4% 18

6fOkmfO8 7 46.7% 8 53.3% 15

x}hf÷emf8fkvfnf÷cfpF 6 42.9% 8 57.1% 14

la›f]x 6 100.0% 0 0.0% 6

¿3fvf]sL, ˆn' 1 16.7% 5 83.3% 6

cGo of}g /f]u 2 40.0% 3 60.0% 5

sfnfHj/f] 4 80.0% 1 20.0% 5

e"sDksf] sf/0fn] dg{' 2 50.0% 2 50.0% 4

lx+;f 3 75.0% 1 25.0% 4

5f/] /f]u 3 75.0% 1 25.0% 4

x]kf6fOl6; 2 66.7% 1 33.3% 3

efO/n OGˆn'PGhf 3 100.0% 0 0.0% 3

s'i6/f]u 0 0.0% 3 100.0% 3

aRrf hGdfpFbf cToflws /Qm>fj eP/ 0 0.0% 2 100.0% 2

cGo ;¿jf /f]u -a8{ ˆn' / :jfOg ˆn" / 0 0.0% 2 100.0% 2

Kn]u
/]lah 2 100.0% 0 0.0% 2

PrcfO{eL÷P8\; 2 100.0% 0 0.0% 2

dn]l/of 1 50.0% 1 50.0% 2

d]g]GhfOl6; 1 50.0% 1 50.0% 2

cGo k|hgg\ jf k|;'tLhGo sf/0fx¿ 0 0.0% 1 100.0% 1

hDdf 1545 58.0% 1121 42.0% 2666

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljut !@ dlxgfdf d[To' ePsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] ljj/0fnfO{ x]bf{ @,^^^
;b:ox¿sf] d[To'sf] ePsf] 5 . o;dWo] ;a}eGbf w]/} %#! hgfsf] sfnultn] d[To' ePsf] b]lvG5 .
bf];|f]df #!% hgfsf] cGo sf/0fn]d[To' ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf@&(
hgfsf]SofG;/sf] sf/0fn] d[To' ePsf] b]lvG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf $@ hgfn] cfTdxTof u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . cfTdxTof ug]{x¿df @@ hgf dlxnf /x]sf5g\ . ;du| tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ pd]/ /

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 54

bL3{/f]usf sf/0f dg{]sf] ;+Vof pRr b]lvG5 . o;sf] k|d'v sf/0fx¿df c:j:ys/ hLjgz}nL,
vfgkfgsf] c;Gt'ng, lgoldt Jofofdsf] cefj, dfgl;s :jf:Yodf ;hutfsf] sdL, j+zfg'ut
sf/0f tyf ;dod} :jf:Yo hfFr gu/fpg] kl/kf6L cflb x'g\ . ;¿jf /f]usf sf/0f afnaflnsf dg'{
eg]sf] JolQmut, kfl/jfl/s tyf ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO tyf k|fylds :jf:Yo h:t} kf]if0f,
vf]k / lgoldt :jf:Yo hfFrsf] af/]df hgr]tgfdf sdL, pkrf/ kx'Fr / :jf:Yo ;]jfsf]
pknAwtfdf sdL x'gfn] xf] . d[To'sf] sf/0f;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

d[To'sf] sf/0f cg';f/ d[tssf] hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

cGo k|hgg\ jf k|;'tLhGo sf/0fx¿
dn]l/of
/]lah
aRrf hGdfpFbf cToflws /Qm>fj eP/
efO/n OGˆn'PGhf
5f/] /f]u
e"sDksf] sf/0fn] dg{'
cGo of}g /f]u
la›f]x
6fOkmfO8
Ifo/f]u
Uofl:6«s÷cN;/÷cfG›fsf] /f]u
cfTdxTof
cGo b'3{6gf
dw'd]x -8fOlal6h_
d[uf}nf ;DaGwL /f]u
d'6';DaGwL /f]ux¿
/Qmrfk -pRr tyf lgDg /Qmrfk_
SofG;/
sfnultn] dg{'
0 50 100 150 200 250 300

dlxnf k'?if

#=!)=% d[tssf] d[To'btf{;DaGwL ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 27 M d[To' btf{ u/fpg] 3/kl/jf/
d[To' btf{ ePsf] d[To' btf{ gePsf]
j8f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
1 39 52.7% 35 47.3% 74

2 69 77.5% 20 22.5% 89

3 182 86.3% 29 13.7% 211

4 69 88.5% 9 11.5% 78

5 29 74.4% 10 25.6% 39

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 55

 d[To' btf{ ePsf] d[To' btf{ gePsf]
j8f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
6 107 79.3% 28 20.7% 135

7 144 87.3% 21 12.7% 165

8 190 89.2% 23 10.8% 213

9 80 87.9% 11 12.1% 91

10 100 90.9% 10 9.1% 110

11 363 80.3% 89 19.7% 452

12 245 88.8% 31 11.2% 276

13 136 86.6% 21 13.4% 157

14 81 83.5% 16 16.5% 97

15 84 88.4% 11 11.6% 95

16 69 82.1% 15 17.9% 84

17 80 74.1% 28 25.9% 108

18 45 95.7% 2 4.3% 47

19 134 92.4% 11 7.6% 145

hDdf 2246 84.2% 420 15.8% 2666

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf tYofÍ ;+sng cjlwsf] ljut !@ dlxgfdf s'n @,^^^ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf]df
@,@$^ hgf cyf{t\ *$=@ k|ltztsf] d[To'btf{ ePsf] b]lvG5 eg] $@) hgf cyf{t\ !%=* k|ltztsf]
d[To'btf{ gePsf] b]lvG5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] tYofÍsf] cfwf/sf] ¿kdf /xg] k~hLs/0fnfO{ x/]s
gful/sn] lhDd]jf/ eP/ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . o;sf nflu yk k|rf/ k|;f/sf] vfFrf] b]lvG5 .
d[To' btf{ ;dod} ubf{ cGo sfg"gL s[ofsnfk h:t} gfd;f/L, xsef]u cflb ;xh x'g] / tYofÍ ;d]t
cWofjwL ug{ ;lsG5 .

d[tssf] d[To'btf{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f

15.8

84.2

d[To' btf{ ePsf] d[To' btf{ gePsf]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 56

#=!! a;fOF;/fOsf] cj:yf
s'g} klg :yfgsf] hg;+Vof kl/jt{g x'g] sf/0fx¿dWo] a;fOF;/fO Ps k|d'v sf/0f dflgG5 . o;
a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf l5d]sL ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsf Pjd\ lhNnfaf6 ;d]t a;fOF;/fO u/L
cfpg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ ljleGg cj;/ / /f]huf/Lsf] vf]hLdf b]z leq jf b]z aflx/ Ps :yfgaf6
csf]{ :yfgdf :yfoL jf c:yfoL ¿kdf a;fO{ ;/]/ hfg] k|j[lQ qmdz a9\b} uPsf] kfOG5 . o;/L
a;fOF ;/L hfg' jf cfpg'sf ljleGg sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . ltdWo] d'Vo sf/0fx¿/f]huf/Lsf]cj;/, lzIff
tyf :jf:Yo ;fdflhs sf/0f, Jofkf/ cflb x'g\ .
#=!!=! hGd :yfgsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vof ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 28 M hGd :yfgsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vof ljj/0f
hGd:yfg
j8f hDdf
oxL p=d=g=kfdf oxL lhNnfdf cGo lhNnfdf ljb]zdf pNn]v gul/Psf]
1 1708 554 515 300 0 3077
2 7 3435 2419 220 1 6082
3 3127 967 5807 171 2 10074
4 1538 429 2414 144 4 4529
5 636 953 929 400 2 2920
6 1284 1140 2428 264 0 5116
7 2209 1917 5557 456 1 10140
8 2047 1148 6093 274 0 9562
9 1239 842 2855 183 0 5119
10 1458 509 2931 259 0 5157
11 7474 7479 27279 1460 6 43698
12 2159 2061 7275 415 1 11911
13 3780 1435 7883 421 0 13519
14 1956 608 1869 128 0 4561
15 1125 820 2234 114 0 4293
16 1833 337 898 126 0 3194
17 1690 1548 2968 265 0 6471
18 1555 356 670 32 0 2613
19 2109 316 1954 161 0 4540
hDdf 38934 26854 84978 5793 17 156576

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

dflysf] tflnsfsf] cfwf/df o; a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] s'n hg;+Vof !,%^,%&^ dWo] cGo
lhNnfdf hGd]/ o; a;f]af; u/]sf ;j}eGbf w]/} cyf{t *$,(&* hgf hGd]sf] kfOof] . To;kl5sf]
;+Vof #*,(#$ eg] o;} pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf hGd]sf] kfOof] . o;}u/L ¿kGb]xL lhNnfsf] cGo
:yfgdf hGd]/ xfn o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf a:g] ;+Vof @^,*%$ / ljb]zdf hGd]sfx¿sf] xfn
a;f]af; o;} pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] ;+Vof %,&(# /x]sf] 5 . !& hgfsf] eg] hGd:yfg pNn]v

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 57

ul/Psf] 5}g . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cfly{s, ef}lts, ;fdflhs / cGo If]qx¿sf] ljsf; x'Fbf cGo
gu/kflnsf, ufpFkflnsf jf lhNnfaf6 a;fOF ;/]/ cfpg] hg;+Vofdf j[l4 x'g] b]lvG5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] cfufdL of]hgf agfpFbf a;fOF ;/]/ cfpg] hg;+VofnfO{ ;d]t Jojl:yt ug{]
vfnsf] of]hgf agfpg' kg{] b]lvG5 .

hGd :yfgsf] cfwf/df hg;+Vof ljj/0f

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

oxL p=d=g=kfdf oxL lhNnfdf cGo lhNnfdf ljb]zdf

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 58

 v08– $M cfly{s l:ylt tyf /f]huf/
$=! d'Vo cfly{s lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ljj/0f -d'Vo k]zf_
cfly{s ;Dj[l4sf cfwf/x¿ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf x'g] d'Vo cfly{s lqmofsnfkx¿ g} x'g\ . hlt
cfly{s lqmofsnfkx¿df tLa|tf cfpF5 Tolt g} pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cy{tGq rnfodfg / ;'b[9 x'Fb}
hfG5 . d'Votof g]kfnL cy{tGq s[lif, ko{6g, ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]u, j}b]lzs /f]huf/, a}ª\lsª,
Jofkf/, ;]jf If]q cflbdf s]lGb|t 5 . pRr k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t cGt/fli6«o :t/sf pBf]ux¿sf] ljsf;
eO{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf w]/}h;f] cfly{s lqmofsnfkx¿ lgjf{xd'vL g} /x]sf 5g\ .
$=!=! cfˆgf] jflif{s cfDbfgLn] kl/jf/ wfGg k'Ug] ;do cjlwsf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
-;a} k|sf/sf] cfDbfgL_
tflnsf g+= 29 M cfˆgf] jflif{s cfDbfgLn] kl/jf/ wfGg k'Ug] ;do cjlwsf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
j8f ) – # dlxgf !@ dlxgf hDdf cf}ift vfg k'Ug] dlxgf
1 6 390 396 26679.29
2 13 971 984 30699.19
3 18 1333 1351 25384.90
4 92 710 802 25483.79
5 15 353 368 18932.07
6 8 887 895 26741.90
7 2 1521 1523 28472.09
8 37 1300 1337 45235.60
9 61 776 837 32039.43
10 10 698 708 27646.89
11 275 6817 7092 27876.06
12 67 2358 2425 25892.37
13 20 2702 2722 26267.82
14 7 972 979 21311.54
15 9 919 928 25288.79
16 4 639 643 27595.65
17 9 1338 1347 14283.59
18 11 540 551 9274.05
19 0 949 949 21757.64

hDdf 664 26173 26837 26668.48

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s"n @^,*#& 3/kl/jf/x¿dWo] cfˆg} jflif{s cfDbfgLn] afx| dlxgf
wfGg]sf] ;+Vof @^,!&# 3/kl/jf/ / sl/a # dlxgf;Dd dfq wfGg k'Ug]sf] ;+Vof ^^$ /x]sf] 5 . jflif{s
cfDbfgLn] jif{e/L wfGg g;Sg] ^^$ 3/kl/jf/x¿ ;d]t /x]sf] tYofÍn] of] cj:yfdf /x]sf] hg;+Vof
r/d ul/aLsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] k'li6 x'G5 . ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds Joj:yf nfu" e};s]sf] /

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 59

:yfgLo ;/sf/df w]/} xs clwsf/x¿ k|Tofe"t e};s]sf] / lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] nIo ! d} ;a}
k|sf/sf ul/jLsf] cGTo ug]{ pNn]v ePsf] cj:yfdf o:tf u/LaLdf /x]sf] hg;+VofnfO{ nf]s
sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] d"n dd{cg';f/ ;jnLs/0f / ;+/If0f ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . j8fut k"0f{ ljj/0f
tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

3/w'/Lsf] jflif{s cfDbfgLn] kl/jf/ wfGg k'Ug] dlxgf ;DaGwL ljj/0f

26173
30000

25000

20000

15000

10000
664
5000

0
) – # dlxgf !@ dlxgf

$=!=@ C0fsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 30 M C0f ePsf 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
C0f lng] kl/jf/ C0f glnPsf] kl/jf/
j8f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
1 221 36.1% 392 63.9% 613

2 584 40.4% 863 59.6% 1447

3 716 24.2% 2242 75.8% 2958

4 530 43.5% 689 56.5% 1219

5 195 29.0% 478 71.0% 673

6 492 38.6% 781 61.4% 1273

7 847 31.3% 1856 68.7% 2703

8 917 37.2% 1545 62.8% 2462

9 440 32.1% 932 67.9% 1372

10 428 29.9% 1002 70.1% 1430

11 4187 35.4% 7650 64.6% 11837

12 1413 46.0% 1661 54.0% 3074

13 1458 40.9% 2103 59.1% 3561

14 258 22.6% 883 77.4% 1141

15 390 37.1% 661 62.9% 1051

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 60

 C0f lng] kl/jf/ C0f glnPsf] kl/jf/
j8f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
16 113 15.8% 600 84.2% 713

17 490 28.8% 1209 71.2% 1699

18 220 37.5% 367 62.5% 587

19 404 38.0% 659 62.0% 1063

hDdf 14303 35.0% 26573 65.0% 40876

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s"n $),*&^ 3/kl/jf/x¿dWo] ljleGg ljQLo ;+:yf, ;xsf/L jf cGo
tj/n] cfˆgf ljleGg cfly{s lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug{ jf Jofkf/ Joj;fodf nufgL ug{ C0f lng]
3/kl/jf/x¿sf] ;+Vof !$,#)# cyf{t #% k|ltzt / C0f glng] 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] ;+Vof @^,%&#
cyf{t ^% k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . C0f lng'sf p2]Zox¿ dWo] cTofjZos cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug{ C0f
lng]sf] ;+Vof nufgL jf pTkfbgd"ns Joj;fo ug{ C0f lng]sf] ;+VofeGbf a9L ePsf] cg'dfg
;lhn} nufpg ;lsG5 .

C0fsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

C0f lng] kl/jf/ C0f glng] kl/jf/

$=!=# C0f lng'sf] sf/0fsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_

tflnsf g+= 31 M C0f lng'sf] sf/0fsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_
z}lIfs
Jofkf/÷ 3/ hGd÷d[To'÷ kl/jf/sf
s[lif cf}iflw z'Ns ltg{÷ 3/fo;L cGo
j8f pBf]u agfpg÷ ljjfx÷ rf8kj{ ;b:onfO{ hDdf
Joj;fosf] pkrf/sf] z}lIfs pkef]u k|of]hgsf
g+= Joj;fosf] hUuf hdLg a|taGwsf] dgfpg ljb]z C0fL
nflu nflu ;fdu|L ug{ nflu
nflu lsGg nflu k7fpg
lsGg
1 87 3 36 9 36 83 45 44 3 1 221

2 146 6 78 0 8 39 19 151 9 8 584

3 171 8 227 10 17 77 69 163 17 4 716

4 72 2 94 7 11 30 26 98 15 2 530

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 61

 z}lIfs
Jofkf/÷ 3/ hGd÷d[To'÷ kl/jf/sf
s[lif cf}iflw z'Ns ltg{÷ 3/fo;L cGo
j8f pBf]u agfpg÷ ljjfx÷ rf8kj{ ;b:onfO{ hDdf
Joj;fosf] pkrf/sf] z}lIfs pkef]u k|of]hgsf
g+= Joj;fosf] hUuf hdLg a|taGwsf] dgfpg ljb]z C0fL
nflu nflu ;fdu|L ug{ nflu
nflu lsGg nflu k7fpg
lsGg
5 75 2 27 0 7 9 1 30 2 1 195

6 173 4 107 25 4 41 37 102 20 16 492

7 208 8 194 12 35 96 110 205 46 13 847

8 135 9 178 6 6 19 43 104 4 5 917

9 164 9 128 1 5 18 28 74 6 2 440

10 60 1 100 7 6 23 39 73 30 2 428

11 887 134 1326 325 158 624 572 710 123 39 4187

12 181 73 461 25 130 195 174 377 81 2 1413

13 261 61 546 18 22 247 236 493 31 9 1458

14 87 229 229 52 125 182 160 400 33 11 258

15 103 123 158 15 3 45 48 151 39 4 390

16 81 100 128 51 39 88 43 283 27 2 113

17 138 145 199 31 50 163 82 406 38 7 490

18 61 216 54 5 2 18 26 51 11 1 220

19 55 97 224 32 6 82 55 199 25 4 404

hDdf 3145 1230 4494 631 670 2079 1813 4114 560 133 14303

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf C0f lng]x¿sf] k|of]hg x]bf{ ;a}eGbf a9L 3/ agfpg÷hUuf hldg lsGgsf
nflu C0f lng] kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof $,$($ bf];|f]df 3/fo;L pkef]u ug{ nflu C0f lng] kl/jf/sf]
;+Vof $,!!$, t];|f]df Jofkf/÷pBf]u Joj;fosf] nflu C0f lng]sf] ;+Vof #,!$%, rf}yf]df cf}iflw
pkrf/sf] nflu C0f lng] kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof @,)&( /x]sf 5g\ . lzIff / s[lif Joj;fosf] nflu sd
3/kl/jf/n] C0f lnPsf] b]lvG5 . h;dWo] !,*!# z}lIfs z'Ns ltg{ tyf z}lIfs ;fdu|L lsGg, !,@#)
n] s[lif Joj;fosf] nflu C0f lnPsf] b]lvG5 . tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ b}lgs hLjg lgjf{x /
;'/Iffsf cfwf/e"t dfgjLo cfjZostf k"tL{ ug{ h:t} ejg lgdf{0f tyf 3/fo;L uhf]{ 6fg{ clwsf+z
C0f lnPsf] tYo :ki6 x'G5 . gful/ssf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"/f ug]{ bfloTj /fHosf] x'g] ;+3Lo
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfgn] lzIff, :jf:Yo, vfBfGg h:tf cfjZostfx¿nfO{ df}lns
clwsf/sf] ¿kdf :yflkt ul/;s]sf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo tyf ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] gful/ssf oL
;jfnx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 62

 C0f lng'sf] sf/0fsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] ljj/0f
cGo k|of]hgsf nflu
kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ ljb]z k7fpg
3/fo;L pkef]u ug{
z}lIfs z'Ns ltg{ ÷ z}lIfs ;fdu|L lsGg
pkrf/sf] nflu
rf8kj{ dgfpg
hGd÷d[To'÷ljjfx÷ a|taGwsf] nflu
3/ agfpg/ hUuf hldg lsGg
s[lif Joj;fosf] nflu
Jofkf/÷pBf]u Joj;fosf] nflu
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

$=!=$ C0f lnPsf] >f]tsf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 32 M C0f lnPsf] >f]tsf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f
cGo ljQLo
j8f g+= JolQmaf6 a}Fsaf6 ;xsf/Laf6 cGo >f]t hDdf C0fL
;+:yf
1 53 83 105 14 0 221
2 110 189 115 64 4 584
3 101 279 354 14 9 716
4 71 128 118 23 3 530
5 79 123 3 0 24 195
6 130 234 92 26 1 492
7 143 277 347 12 4 847
8 64 275 184 4 9 917
9 63 262 130 5 7 440
10 44 134 139 17 0 428
11 1366 1684 1200 243 35 4187
12 440 427 385 104 25 1413
13 431 564 388 125 8 1458
14 423 117 369 10 4 258
15 89 81 437 2 1 390
16 175 111 392 20 0 113
17 325 339 239 125 8 490
18 8 203 235 46 2 220
19 172 140 280 73 0 404
hDdf 4287 5650 5512 927 144 14303
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf C0f lnPsf s"n 3/kl/jf/dWo] ;a}eGbf w]/} %,^%) kl/jf/n] a}+saf6 C0f
lnPsf], %,%!@ kl/jf/n] ;xsf/L ;+:yfaf6 C0f lnPsf], $,@*& kl/jf/n] JolQmaf6 C0f lnPsf] /
(@& kl/jf/n] cGo ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 C0f lnPsf] tYofÍ 5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf sltko kl/jf/n]
PseGbf a9L ;|f]taf6 C0f lnPsf] b]lvG5 . w]/} 3/kl/jf/n] a}+saf6 C0f lnPsf] oyfy{n] s] :ki6

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 63

ub{5 eg] gful/sx¿sf] a}Í tyf 7"nf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] k"0f{ kx'Fr /x]sf]] . csf{]tkm{ a}Íaf6 shf{ lnFbf
lwtf] tyf cGo k|zf;lgs emGem6 x'g] ePsf]n] rsf{] Jofhsf] df/df k/]tfklg ljgf lwtf] JolQm;Fu
C0f lng ;xh x'g] ePsf]n] ;fwf/0fto dflg;x¿ o;tkm{ cfs{lift b]lvG5g\ . o;n] yk cfly{s
ef/ kg{ uO{ gful/snfO{ u/LaLdf ws]Ng afWo kfb{5 . xfn /fi6« a}Ín] x/]s :yfgLo lgsfodf Ps
a}Í zfvf vf]Ng u/]sf] lgb{]zgn] a}Íx¿df u|fdL0f ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'Fr j[l4x'g] ck]Iffug{ ;lsG5 .
j8fut k"0f{ ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

C0f lnPsf] >f]tsf] cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f

5.61% 0.87%
25.95%

JolQmaf6
a}Fsaf6
33.37% ;xsf/Laf6
cGo ljQLo ;+:yf
cGo >f]t

34.20%

$=@ ljk|]if0faf6 cfPsf] /sd vr{ ug{] If]q;DaGwL ljj/0f

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cg'kl:yt /x]/ cfGtl/s jf afXo -j}b]lzs_ ljk|]if0f k|fKt ug{]x¿sf] kl/jf/df
tkfO{n] ljk|]if0faf6 k|fKt /sdnfO{ vr{ ug'{kbf{ s'g If]qnfO{ ;a}eGbf klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg'ePsf] 5
eg]/ ;f]lwPsf]df ##=& k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/n] 3/fo;L pkef]udf vr{ ug]{ / bf];|f]df @$=^ k|ltztn]
lzIff / t];|f]df !^=# k|ltztn] yfxf gePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . bf];|f] k|fyldstf af/] ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgdf
@&=% k|ltztn] :jf:Yo pkrf/df, @# k|ltztn] 3/fo;L pkef]udf / !^=@ k|ltztn] yfxf 5}g
atfP . To;}u/L t];|f] k|fyldstf af/] ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgdf @!=@ k|ltztn] 3/fo;L pkef]udf vr{
u/]sf],!*=$ k|ltztn] lzIffdf / !&=% k|ltztn] yfxf gePsf] atfPsf 5g\ .
o;/L ;do / >d vr{]/ k7fPsf] /sd lg/Gt/ cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k"lt{df dfq vr{g' kbf{ cGo
pTkfbgzLn If]qdf nufgL ug{] ljifo cf]em]ndf kg{] / hLjg:t/ ;'wf/df k|ult gx'g] ;+s]t b]lvG5 .
o;/L klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] k|fyldstfnfO{ x]bf{ pTkfbglzn If]qdf geO{ ;fwf/0f / cTofjZos hLjg
lgjf{xsf If]qdf dfq ljk|]if0fsf] cTolws /sd vr{ x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . of] Ps afWofTds cj:yf xf]
. lsgsL cfwf/e"t cfjZostf k"tL{ klxnf] cfjZostf xf] . o;/L /fHon] ljk|]if0fnfO{ pTkfbglzn
nufgLsf If]qx¿ h:t} s[lif, pBf]u, ko{6g, phf{ h:tf If]qdf s]lGb|t ug{] 7f]; sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
gu/]df o'jfx¿sf] ax'd"No >dzlStsf] plrt ;b'kof]u x'g g;Sg] / ;dfh yk ljkGgtftkm{
ws]lng] jf oyfl:yltd} /xg] cj:yf b]lvG5 . o;/L klxnf], bf];|f] / t];|f] k|fyldstfnfO{ x]bf{
pTkfbglzn If]qdf geO{ ;fwf/0f / cTofjZos hLjg lgjf{xsf If]qdf dfq ljk|]if0fsf] cToflws
/sd vr{ x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 64

o;/L /fHon] ljk|]if0fnfO{ pTkfbglzn nufgLsf If]qx¿ h:t} s[lif, pBf]u, ko{6g, phf{ h:tf If]qdf s]lGb|t ug{] 7f]; sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f gu/]df o'jfx¿sf]
ax'd"No >dzlStsf] plrt ;b'kof]u x'g g;Sg] / ;dfh oyfl:yltd} /xg] cj:yf b]lvG5 . yk lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ljk|]if0faf6
cfPsf] /sd vr{ x'g] klxnf], bf];|f], t];|f], rf}yf} / kfFrf} k|fyldstfsf] If]q;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 33 M ljk|]z0faf6 cfPsf] /sd vr{ x'g] :yfg;DaGwL ljj/0f
j8f g+=
vr{ ljj/0f hDdf k|ltzt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

3/fo;L pkef]u 6 97 100 86 9 92 204 70 67 93 798 361 553 109 79 43 92 19 185 3063 33.7%

lzIffdf vr{ u/]sf] 10 44 64 18 7 18 176 63 58 75 857 242 183 83 92 68 82 63 33 2236 24.6%

yfxf 5}g 4 57 177 138 24 106 80 117 60 62 268 73 111 48 19 67 40 23 6 1480 16.3%

:jf:Yo pkrf/df 1 14 17 15 2 6 61 25 24 21 141 20 73 14 50 19 46 15 11 575 6.3%

vr{
C0f lt/]sf] 0 21 16 4 0 11 17 2 4 11 54 107 46 34 48 60 68 12 35 550 6.0%

3/ agfPsf] 1 9 8 7 1 6 11 0 2 9 78 132 35 31 52 1 11 0 64 458 5.0%

ljk|]if0f vr{ ePsf] klxnf] If]q

vr{ u/]/ ;lsPsf] 1 0 1 2 0 27 6 94 0 8 35 7 5 22 2 0 0 1 52 263 2.9%

cGo 0 2 3 5 0 5 20 87 12 6 40 27 10 9 30 0 3 0 0 259 2.8%

hUuf lsg]sf] 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 7 53 3 0 4 0 3 0 2 78 0.9%

ljjfx÷a|taGw÷ 0 0 3 3 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 3 31 4 2 0 0 0 3 53 0.6%
rf8af8 dgfPsf]
c¿nfO{ C0f lbPsf] 0 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 4 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 32 0.4%

art u/]sf] 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 1 0 3 6 0 1 2 0 2 2 0 23 0.3%

Jofkf/÷Joj;fodf 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 1 4 1 1 2 0 3 0 0 17 0.2%
nufgL u/]sf]
j:t'efp vl/b u/]sf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 10 0.1%

u/uxgf vl/b u/]sf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.0%

hDdf 25 253 389 279 43 278 579 462 228 291 2297 1039 1051 365 383 258 352 135 392 9099 100.0%

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 65

 j8f g+=
vr{ ljj/0f hDdf k|ltzt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

:jf:Yo pkrf/df 11 40 86 43 1 25 174 75 62 72 892 187 481 41 89 48 77 15 85 2504 27.5%

vr{
3/fo;L pkef]u 3 75 49 37 8 48 153 30 54 61 527 325 202 94 120 88 90 54 79 2097 23.0%

yfxf 5}g 5 54 181 134 25 103 83 123 55 62 262 70 118 46 17 65 39 24 7 1473 16.2%

lzIffdf vr{ u/]sf] 4 50 42 43 8 19 66 28 34 48 331 157 128 60 67 10 90 21 50 1256 13.8%

C0f lt/]sf] 0 26 4 5 0 8 24 1 3 17 89 79 24 27 33 44 23 12 30 449 4.9%

vr{ u/]/ ;lsPsf] 0 0 10 1 0 55 12 113 0 10 51 8 3 43 4 0 2 1 114 427 4.7%

ljk|]if0f vr{ ePsf] bf];|f] If]q

3/ agfPsf] 1 1 8 5 0 5 19 2 6 9 62 127 39 18 18 1 20 5 19 365 4.0%

cGo 0 3 2 5 0 6 21 88 14 5 42 35 9 8 31 0 3 0 0 272 3.0%

ljjfx÷a|taGw÷ 0 2 4 2 0 3 16 0 0 1 8 10 42 7 0 1 1 0 4 101 1.1%

rf8af8 dgfPsf]
art u/]sf] 0 2 1 0 1 1 2 2 0 1 8 18 1 3 2 0 0 3 0 45 0.5%

hUuf lsg]sf] 1 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 2 9 13 2 4 1 1 1 0 4 43 0.5%

Jofkf/÷Joj;fodf 0 0 0 2 0 5 5 0 0 1 3 5 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 26 0.3%
nufgL u/]sf]
j:t'efp vl/b u/]sf] 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 1 13 0 0 0 0 0 20 0.2%

c¿nfO{ C0f lbPsf] 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 10 5 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 20 0.2%

u/uxgf vl/b u/]sf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.0%

hDdf 25 253 389 279 43 278 579 462 228 291 2297 1039 1051 365 383 258 352 135 392 9099 100.0%

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 66

 j8f g+=
vr{ ljj/0f hDdf k|ltzt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

lzIffdf vr{ u/]sf] 4 44 35 22 6 17 63 23 31 52 483 183 409 41 40 22 30 10 84 1599 18.4%

:jf:Yo pkrf/df 1 61 47 26 2 10 80 26 28 46 339 115 125 44 103 35 48 11 47 1194 13.8%

vr{
3/fo;L pkef]u 7 41 54 28 9 54 115 64 64 38 618 185 223 34 74 66 102 28 37 1841 21.2%

ljjfx÷a|taGw÷ 1 1 4 0 0 2 27 6 2 1 12 51 37 15 6 6 7 0 1 179 2.1%

rf8af8 dgfPsf]
C0f lt/]sf] 0 35 12 16 0 7 49 4 19 22 152 138 40 38 41 50 46 9 22 700 8.1%

c¿nfO{ C0f lbPsf] 1 1 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 1 16 15 3 0 0 1 3 0 0 46 0.5%

ljk|]if0f vr{ ePsf] t];|f] If]q

art u/]sf] 2 2 0 3 0 3 21 2 5 7 43 66 11 6 5 4 22 39 2 243 2.8%

3/ agfPsf] 0 4 8 4 0 0 21 5 3 4 74 70 28 22 29 5 20 10 9 316 3.6%

hUuf lsg]sf] 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 0 1 1 8 17 3 8 0 0 4 1 1 49 0.6%

u/uxgf vl/b u/]sf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0.1%

j:t'efp vl/b u/]sf] 0 1 3 0 0 0 4 0 1 1 2 4 2 29 3 0 2 1 1 54 0.6%

Jofkf/÷Joj;fodf 4 0 0 2 0 0 6 0 0 1 5 8 0 2 1 0 8 0 1 38 0.4%
nufgL u/]sf]
cGo 0 7 21 10 0 6 33 88 13 9 63 88 12 8 35 1 3 0 0 397 4.6%

vr{ u/]/ ;lsPsf] 0 1 12 17 0 19 58 8 4 35 152 19 28 27 28 1 16 2 67 494 5.7%

yfxf 5}g 5 55 182 147 26 103 85 123 57 63 278 71 125 48 14 67 39 23 6 1517 17.5%

hDdf 25 253 379 278 43 223 567 349 228 281 2246 1031 1048 322 379 258 350 134 278 8672 100.0%

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 67

$=# kl/jf/sf] cf}ift cfDbfgLsf] ljj/0f
pkdxfgu/kflnsf jf pkdxfgu/kflnsf aflx/af6 x'g] ljleGg cfDbfgLsf >f]tx¿af6 k|fKt
cfDbfgL /sdnfO{ ;f] cfDbfgLsf] >f]tdf ;+nUg 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vofn] efu ubf{ cfpg] cf}ift jflif{s
/sdsf] cfwf/df pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf eO/x]sf k|d'v cfly{s ultljlwx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt
ug{ ;lsG5 . tYofÍ x]bf{ ;a}eGbf w]/} cyf{t !@,)@@ 3/kl/jf/n] cfkm\gf] cfDbfgL gf]s/Laf6
cfDbfgL] ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ eg] bf];|f]df (,#*) 3/kl/jf/n] Jofkf/ Joj;fofaf6 ePsf] / t];|f]df
&,&#! 3/kl/jf/n] j}b]lzs ljk|]if0faf6 cfDbfgL ug]{ u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . To; kZrft\ rf}yf], /
kfFrf}df qmdzM 3/ tyf hUuf ef8faf6 / b}lgs Hofnfbf/Laf6 ePsf] cfDbfgLx¿ kb{5g\ . o;af6
s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] pBf]u / a9L cfDbfgL x'g] vfnsf pTkfbgzLn If]qdf ;+nUg kl/jf/x¿sf] ;+Vof
Go"g 5 eg] ;]jf / Jofkf/ Joj;fodf ;+nUg kl/jf/x¿sf] ;+Vof pRr /x]sf] 5 . bL3{ sfnLg ljsf;
/ ;Dj[l4sf lx;fan] sdfOsf] nflu cfˆgf] :yfg 5f8]/ aflxl/g] o'jf hg;+Vofsf] cg'kl:yltn]
:yfgLo :t/df ljsf; c;Dej k|foM x'G5 . hNbf] aNbf] pd]/sf] pTkfbgzLn hgzlQm phf{jfg
;dodf aflxl/g] / lzlyn x'Fbf kmls{g] jf knfog x'g] kl/l:ylt >[hgf xF'bf ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{
ck]Iffs[t cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g .
csf]{tkm{ Hofnfbf/L sfdaf6 cfDbfgL ug]{ kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof ;d]t pRr x'g'n] lgDg cfo:t/ ePsf
kl/jf/x¿sf] ;+Vof w]/} /x]sf] ;+s]t ldNb5 . jflif{s cf}ift cfDbfgL dWo] ;a} eGbf pBf]u
;~rfngaf6 k|fKt cfDbfgLnfO{ ¿ *,$),&$*.^@ nfO{ dfl;s cfDbfgLdf kl/0ft ubf{ ¿
&),)^@.#( x'g cfpF5 . o; afx]s cGo ;a} If]qaf6 k|fKt cf}ift cfDbfgL t'ngfTds¿kdf sd
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsf ;DkGg x'g pTkfbgd'vL /f]huf/L tkm{ hgtfnfO{ pGd'v agfpg'
h¿/L x'G5 . t;y{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ >[hgf u/L o'jfx¿nfO{ pTkfbgzLn
If]qdf cfsif{0f ub}{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0f cg'¿k sfo{of]hgf agfO{ cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 68

 tflnsf g+= 34 M jflif{s cfDbfgLsf] ljj/0f
j8f g+=
cfDbfgLsf >f]t hDdf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
s[lif÷kz'kfng÷ kl/jf/ ;+Vof 4 30 20 13 0 10 30 22 46 2 89 373 133 221 248 313 71 149 363 2137
df5fkfng / hDdf cfDbfgL 100000 458000 1195000 286000 904000 1717000 723000 5498000 40000 10537000 26123000 10068000 10969000 16232000 30471000 3000000 5099000 21550000 144970000
df}/Lkfngaf6
jflif{s cfDbfgL cf}ift cfDbfgL 25000 15267 59750 22000 90400 57233 32864 119522 20000 118393 70035 75699 49633 65452 97351 42254 34221 59366 67838

pBf]u kl/jf/ ;+Vof 30 17 28 13 14 29 40 53 51 22 110 36 55 7 8 10 8 4 10 545

;~rfngaf6 hDdf cfDbfgL 6444000 10320000 21492000 6456000 23160000 55944000 22056000 50532000 80580000 32700000 61980000 15444000 31308000 3480000 3060000 9600000 2760000 3360000 17532000 458208000
jflif{s cfDbfgL cf}ift cfDbfgL 214800 607058.82 767571.43 496615.38 1654285.71 1929103.45 551400 953433.96 1580000 1486363.64 563454.55 429000 569236.36 497142.86 382500 960000 345000 840000 1753200 840748.62

kl/jf/ ;+Vof 337 431 503 288 330 507 657 687 510 284 2547 608 810 160 174 109 229 58 151 9380
Jofkf/
10982400
Joj;foaf6 hDdf cfDbfgL 80820000 145992000 190416000 118188000 161904000 435480000 269088000 436356000 312744000
0
1242180000 300024000 319380000 59844000 58224000 41064000 57084000 15120000 31020000 4384752000
dfl;s cfDbfgL
cf}ift cfDbfgL 239821.96 338728.54 378560.64 410375 490618.18 858934.91 409570.78 635161.57 613223.53 386704.23 487703.18 493460.53 394296.30 374025.00 334620.69 376733.94 249275.11 260689.66 205430.46 467457.57

kl/jf/ ;+Vof 194 430 746 358 131 313 928 946 374 448 3091 1004 1372 293 298 198 427 199 272 12022
gf]s/Laf6 jflif{s
hDdf cfDbfgL 51957600 121472400 227551200 112812000 24468000 92958000 290222400 481908000 137646000 125715600 1173157200 359670000 524844000 94422000 114368400 65228400 106614000 62778000 63187200 4230980400
cfDbfgL
cf}ift cfDbfgL 267822.68 282493.95 305028.42 315117.32 186778.63 296990.42 312739.66 509416.49 368037.43 280615.18 379539.70 358237.05 382539.36 322259.39 383786.58 329436.36 249681.50 315467.34 232305.88 351936.48

kl/jf/ ;+Vof 28 79 266 112 6 121 269 303 135 211 756 416 499 100 188 113 103 82 185 3972
k]G;gaf6 jflif{s
hDdf cfDbfgL 6498000 21378000 77742000 32736000 852000 27999600 79077600 145492800 41976000 69486000 263182800 145146000 164472000 25432800 50490000 9184800 24792000 7411200 43260000 1236609600
cfDbfgL
cf}ift cfDbfgL 232071.43 270607.59 292263.16 292285.71 142000 231401.65 293968.77 480174.26 310933.33 329317.54 348125.40 348908.65 329603.21 254328 268563.83 81281.42 240699.03 90380.49 233837.84 311331.72

3/ tyf hUuf kl/jf/ ;+Vof 36 155 611 247 48 262 397 577 368 302 1381 312 364 31 70 37 58 17 53 5326

ef8faf6 jflif{s hDdf cfDbfgL 2944800 18550800 69108000 41802000 11292000 42300000 46195200 99522000 54349200 46879200 200804400 29023200 33612000 2172000 7414800 13122000 4592400 2634000 3336000 729654000
cfDbfgL cf}ift cfDbfgL 81800 119682.58 113106.38 169238.87 235250 161450.38 116360.71 172481.80 147688.04 155229.14 145405.07 93023.08 92340.66 70064.52 105925.71 354648.65 79179.31 154941.18 62943.40 136998.50

;jf/L, d]l;g tyf kl/jf/ ;+Vof 4 40 39 29 7 47 66 30 16 23 103 64 66 41 14 20 77 28 36 750

pks/0fsf] hDdf cfDbfgL 600000 12638400 11484000 13800000 1470000 17148000 17274000 12720000 4092000 7260000 23646000 24804000 26004000 13170000 6307200 6252000 20976000 6996000 8868000 235509600
ef8faf6 jflif{s
cfDbfgL cf}ift cfDbfgL 150000 315960 294461.54 475862.07 210000 364851.06 261727.27 424000 255750 315652.17 229572.82 387562.50 394000 321219.51 450514.29 312600 272415.58 249857.14 246333.33 314012.80

Jofh tyf kl/jf/ ;+Vof 7 3 6 24 0 11 14 7 6 6 27 36 10 6 8 11 2 4 6 194

nfef+zaf6 jflif{s hDdf cfDbfgL 632400 1476000 576000 3576000 2022000 3240000 1620000 2328000 1440000 4440000 9384000 2112000 2340000 2904000 1062000 516000 781200 492000 40941600
cfDbfgL cf}ift cfDbfgL 90342.86 492000 96000 149000 183818.18 231428.57 231428.57 388000 240000 164444.44 260666.67 211200 390000 363000 96545.45 258000 195300 82000 211039.18

b}lgs kl/jf/ ;+Vof 50 393 85 70 76 131 219 19 12 116 1706 412 282 289 127 163 616 205 211 5182

Hofnfbf/Laf6 hDdf cfDbfgL 3726000 108224400 13948800 9958800 13596000 35640000 55357200 3372000 1842000 26619600 492110400 94309200 63038400 60078000 23781600 27030000 153661200 48090000 43684800 1278068400
jflif{s cfDbfgL cf}ift cfDbfgL 74520 275380.15 164103.53 142268.57 178894.74 272061.07 252772.60 177473.68 153500 229479.31 288458.62 228905.83 223540.43 207882.35 187256.69 165828.22 249450 234585.37 207036.97 246636.13

kl/jf/ ;+Vof 42 190 235 170 15 155 670 386 161 239 2045 894 923 277 308 185 388 95 353 7731
jflif{s ljk|]if0faf6
hDdf cfDbfgL 1119000 26117000 45769000 46836000 305000 34267000 172180000 89980000 43114000 64651000 815749000 318218000 403313000 97673000 109554000 84479000 137295000 31317000 118930000 2640866000
jflif{s cfDbfgL
cf}ift cfDbfgL 26643 137458 194762 275506 20333 221077 256985 233109 267789 270506 398899 355949 436959 352610 355695 456643 353853 329653 336912 341594

cfGtl/s kl/jf/ ;+Vof 9 16 21 32 1 27 49 38 9 12 1264 379 680 36 10 40 20 12 29 2684

ljk|]if0faf6 jflif{s hDdf cfDbfgL 172000 1357000 1182000 1250000 15000 1248000 3859000 4062000 1175000 830000 366470000 81074000 241761000 4983000 1228000 3618000 2002000 764000 3461000 720511000
cfDbfgL cf}ift cfDbfgL 19111 84813 56286 39063 15000 46222 78755 106895 130556 69167 289929 213916 355531 138417 122800 90450 100100 63667 119345 268447

kl/jf/ ;+Vof 17 45 90 73 4 142 118 40 12 27 198 352 110 56 33 68 27 1 31 1444

cGo jflif{s
hDdf cfDbfgL 2238000 8814000 11431200 16788000 672000 24996000 20136000 29976000 4920000 4284000 74748000 40468800 23600400 7850400 7782000 4410000 3310800 360000 5976000 292761600
cfDbfgL
cf}ift cfDbfgL 131647.06 195866.67 127013.33 229972.60 168000 176028.17 170644.07 749400 410000 158666.67 377515.15 114968.18 214549.09 140185.71 235818.18 64852.94 122622.22 360000 192774.19 202743.49

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 69

 $=$ kl/jf/sf] cf}ift vr{sf] ljj/0f -vr{sf d'Vo zLif{sx¿_
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf 3/kl/jf/n] jflif{s¿kdf ug]{ vr{sf k|d'v zLif{sx¿ dWo] cf};t¿kdf ;a}eGbf a9L rf8kj{, ;fdflhs ;+:sf/df ePsf] vr{ pRr /x]sf] 5 . tt\kZrft bf];|f]df vfB j:t'sf] vl/bsf] nflu vr{, t];|f]df lzIffdf
/ rf}yf]df :jf:Yodf vr{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . rf8kj{, ;fdflhs ;+:sf/sf] vr{ kl5 cfwf/e"t dfgjLo cfZostf dWo]sf] k|d'v vfB If]qdf u/]sf] vr{ ;d]t k|d'v tLg vr{ dWo]df kb{5 . o;/L tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ sNof0fsf/L
/fHosf] cjwf/0ff cg'¿k ;+3Lo ;+ljwfgn] cfwf/e"t df}lns xssf] ¿kdf :yflkt u/]sf vfB ;+Dk|e'tf, lgMz'Ns cfwf/e"t lzIff / :jf:Yodf ;a}sf] kx'Fr h:tf xsx¿sf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ ;du| /fHo tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/n] oL
If]qx¿nfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf /fvL sfd ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . oL xsx¿sf] ;'lglZrttf /fHo kIfaf6 x'g ;s]df clwsf+z pkdxfgu/kflnsfjf;Lx¿nfO{ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lgaf6 dfly p7fpg ;lsG5 . /fHosf] bfloTjdf kg]{ If]qx¿df
;fwf/0f gful/sx¿n] 7"nf] /sd vr{ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf x'g' ;sf/fTds xf]Og . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf 3/kl/jf/n] ug{] u/]sf] vr{sf] lj:t[t j8fut ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 35 M jflif{s cf}ift vr{sf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
j8f g+=
vr{ zLif{s hDdf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

kl/jf/ ;+Vof 585 1356 1808 979 577 1172 2510 2212 1184 1271 10084 2969 3390 1127 1038 698 1659 578 1053 36250
vfB j:t'sf]
hDdf vr{ 69684000 212713200 278436000 166554000 74058000 176766000 359406000 391188000 187134000 203856000 1556168400 417018000 544794000 127262400 160407600 89614800 191065200 37437600 116490000 5360053200
vl/bdf vr{
cf}ift vr{ 119117.95 156868.14 154002.21 170126.66 128350.09 150824.23 143189.64 176848.10 158052.36 160390.24 154320.55 140457.39 160706.19 112921.38 154535.26 128387.97 115168.90 64770.93 110626.78 147863.54

kl/jf/ ;+Vof 418 909 1250 672 454 893 1804 1695 904 915 8085 2304 2685 811 767 534 1186 413 799 27498

lzIffdf vr{ hDdf vr{ 27285600 67074000 113679600 56955600 18337200 79272000 150564000 184353600 107107200 78354000 692457600 163072800 231996000 59166000 72664800 45628800 88090800 37305600 59088000 2332453200

cf}ift vr{ 65276.56 73788.78 90943.68 84755.36 40390.31 88770.44 83461.20 108763.19 118481.42 85632.79 85647.20 70778.13 86404.47 72954.38 94738.98 85447.19 74275.55 90328.33 73952.44 84822.65

kl/jf/ ;+Vof 502 965 1407 863 548 1085 2428 2110 1080 1130 8212 2605 3164 1006 966 695 1575 360 1011 31712
:jf:Yosf]
hDdf vr{ 21199200 50914800 66698400 46167600 18096000 32449200 77384400 89414400 56638800 44008800 506265600 80750400 110257200 45134400 56732400 35324400 103558800 13426800 34065600 1488487200
nflu vr{
cf}ift vr{ 42229.48 52761.45 47404.69 53496.64 33021.90 29907.10 31871.66 42376.49 52443.33 38945.84 61649.49 30998.23 34847.41 44865.21 58729.19 50826.47 65751.62 37296.67 33694.96 46937.66

rf8kj{, kl/jf/ ;+Vof

567 1281 1703 949 519 1145 2503 2185 1135 1232 9853 2908 3264 1115 1039 690 1649 580 1049 35366

;fdflhs hDdf vr{ 128328000 279702000 545094000 421056000 68840400 385942800 681576000 716430000 409134000 376280400 3845662800 822211200 1304716800 544818000 404958000 449259600 607092000 225367200 381768000 12598237200
;+:sf/df vr{ cf}ift vr{ 226328.04 218346.60 320078.68 443683.88 132640.46 337067.95 272303.64 327885.58 360470.48 305422.40 390303.75 282741.13 399729.41 488626.01 389757.46 651100.87 368157.67 388564.14 363935.18 356224.54

kl/jf/ ;+Vof 457 327 1095 824 240 1054 2291 1575 975 633 3906 1917 2786 970 938 585 712 464 594 22343
dgf]/~hgdf
hDdf vr{ 9766800 13192800 35060400 25852800 8034000 26985600 54236400 56192400 41491200 15549600 160930800 47726400 65234400 29804400 26373600 12126000 26233200 9201600 13872000 677864400
vr{
cf}ift vr{ 21371.55 40344.95 32018.63 31374.76 33475.00 25603.04 23673.68 35677.71 42555.08 24564.93 41200.92 24896.40 23415.08 30726.19 28116.84 20728.21 36844.38 19831.03 23353.54 30339.01

nQfsk8f, kl/jf/ ;+Vof 568 1308 1784 952 565 1157 2509 2209 1160 1255 9858 2954 3382 1129 1040 696 1663 581 1057 35827
h'Qf, rKkn
hDdf vr{ 10057200 17052500 28014000 16215000 6527000 23328300 53402500 43708400 27183000 21943700 211035300 47780100 75119900 22925000 26373200 19929800 32264000 9845500 21194000 713898400
cflbdf jflif{s
cg'dflgt vr{ cf}ift vr{ 17706 13037 15703 17033 11552 20163 21284 19787 23434 17485 21408 16175 22212 20306 25359 28635 19401 16946 20051 19926

;fdfGo kl/jf/ ;+Vof 270 359 805 578 128 816 1673 1238 675 460 3793 1699 1433 806 615 413 576 298 470 17105
3/fo;L dd{t
hDdf vr{ 2222700 1648200 5682400 4265500 987000 5072600 8255000 16597200 8390600 5502200 27102600 7831300 10451200 19114600 3991800 2815300 5674100 2554800 4725800 142884900
;Def/ jflif{s
cg'dflgt vr{ cf}ift vr{ 8232 4591 7059 7380 7711 6216 4934 13406 12431 11961 7145 4609 7293 23715 6491 6817 9851 8573 10055 8353

kl/jf/ ;+Vof 232 724 995 794 243 1056 2029 1510 615 645 3693 1613 1961 1007 929 474 897 518 913 20848

cGo vr{ hDdf vr{ 8622000 30034800 44454000 38214000 8580000 38665200 60093600 67634400 17893200 18908400 212949600 68604000 57705600 40272000 45968400 20253600 40308000 18334800 27823200 865318800

cf}ift vr{ 37163.79 41484.53 44677.39 48128.46 35308.64 36614.77 29617.35 44790.99 29094.63 29315.35 57663.04 42531.93 29426.62 39992.06 49481.59 42729.11 44936.45 35395.37 30474.48 41506.08

s[lifdf jflif{s kl/jf/ ;+Vof

396 984 1351 802 368 895 1523 1337 837 708 7092 2425 2722 979 928 643 1347 551 949 26837

cg'dflgt hDdf vr{ 367000 232000 1887000 178000 10000 663400 1424500 318000 1632500 584500 3762500 13848000 6331500 17757500 15865500 18597000 12591000 17397000 19925500 133372400
nufgL cf}ift vr{ 927 236 1397 222 27 741 935 238 1950 826 531 5711 2326 18138 17096 28922 9347 31574 20996 4970

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 70

$=% ul/jLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f -b}lgs k|ltJolQm cfDbfgLsf
cfwf/df_
ljZj a}Ísf] ;xof]udf s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefun] tof/ kf/]sf] æg]kfndf ul/aL M g]kfn hLjg:t/
;j]{If0f t];|f] @)^^÷^&Æ gfd lbP/ k|sfzg ul/Psf] k|ltj]bgdf g]kfndf ;fnfvfnf ul/aLsf]
/]vfd'lg /x]sf] hg;+Vof @% k|ltzt /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . To; kZrft yk k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] 5}g
eg] xfn Tof] k|ltzt 36]sf] cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 . pQm k|ltj]bgdf cf}iftdf k|ltJolQm k|ltjif{
¿= !(,@^! ¿k}ofnfO{ ul/aLsf] /]vf dflgPsf] 5 eg] Tof] zx/L If]qdf a9L cyf{t\ $),(## / u|fdL0f
If]qdf !%,((* /x]sf] pNn]v 5 .
$=^ vfBfGg ;'/Iff tyf cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf
df}lns xs cGtu{t g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #^ df vfB;DaGwL xssf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]xL
wf/fsf] pkwf/f @ df k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfBj:t'sf] cefjdf hLjg hf]lvddf kg]{ cj:yfaf6
;'/lIft x'g] xs x'g]5 . dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg] pkwf/f # df k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg"g
adf]lhd vfB ;+Dk|e'tfsf] xs x'g]5 egL :ki6 pNn]v 5 . o;/L pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] hLjgsf]
k|d'v cfwf/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] vfBfGgsf] ;"/Iff / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf k|lt ;+j]bgzLn x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
$=& cfoft tyf lgof{tsf] cj:yf
s'g} klg :yfgLo lgsfocfly{s¿kn] ;an x'gsf nflu cfofteGbf lgof{t a9L x'g' clgjfo{ 5 .
cfofteGbf lgof{tsf] cfotg 7"nf] x'Fbf o;n] Jofkf/ gfkmf j[l4 eO{ cfly{s :t/ dfly p7\g d2t
ub{5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsf leq pTkfbg x'g] pkhx¿nfO{ k|j{4g u/L :yfgLo :t/df pTkfbg x'g]
pkhdf cfTdlge{/ eO{ lgof{t a9fpg ;s]dfq pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cfly{s x}l;ot j[l4 x'g
;S5 .
$=* :yfgLo >f]tdf cfwfl/t sRrf kbfy{x¿ h:t} sf7, vf]6f], h8La'6L, nf]Stf,
cNnf], r'g9'Ëf, dfj{n :n]6, kmnkm"n, vfBfGg cflb_
:yfgLo >f]tdf cfwfl/t sRrf kbfy{sf] k|r'/tfsf lx;fan] g]kfn ;DkGg /x] tfklg o;sf] lbuf]
;b'kof]udf eg] lgs} k5fl8 k/]sf] oyf{y xfdL ;fd' 5 . xfdL sxfF pknAw >f]tx¿df sf7,
h8La'6L, vf]6f], nf]Stf, cNnf], r'g9'Ëf, dfa{n, :n]6, kmnkm"n, sf]Onf, vfBfGg, t/sf/L cflb kb{5g\ .
o; k|sf/sf sRrf kbfy{x¿sf] Joj;flos pTkfbg / lbuf] ;b'kof]u ubf{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]
cy{tGqdf k|ToIf ;sf/fTds of]ubfg k'Ub5 .
$=( ;'s'Daf;L hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
g]kfndf kl/jf/sf] hdLg dflysf] :jfldTjsf] ljifonfO{ cfly{s x}l;ot;Fu ufF;]/ x]l/G5 . g]kfnsf]
cy{tGq s[lifdf cfwfl/t x'Fbf hdLg dflysf] :jfldTjnfO{ cfly{s x}l;ot;Fu ufF;]/ x]g'{ :jfefljs eP
tfklg kl5Nnf] ;dodf j}b]lzs /f]huf/ nufot cGo ;]jf If]qdf dflg;x¿sf] kx'Fr j[l4 x'Fbf u}x| s[lif
If]qaf6 cfkm\gf] cfly{s x}l;ot lgdf{0f ug]{ kl/kf6L ;'¿ ePsf] kfO{G5 . csf]{tkm{ hdLgdflysf]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 71

:jfldTjnfO{ cfkm\gf] yftynf] jf cfjf;sf] :ynsf ¿kdf ;d]t x]l/G5 . o;y{ x/]s gful/ssf]
hdLgdflysf] :jfldTjnfO{ ;lbof}+b]lv Ps k|d'v cfly{s ;fdflhs tyf /fhg}lts d'2fsf]¿kdf x]l/Fb}
cfPsf] 5 . To:t} g]kfndf hdLgsf] ljt/0f cj}1flgs /x]sf] 5 . e"ldxLgx¿ ls;fg 5g\ eg] e"lddf
k|z:t :jfldTj ePsfx¿n] ;fdfGotof v]ltkflt ub}{gg\ jf s]xLn] dfq ub{5g\ . ;fd'bflos
cfTdlge{/ s]Gb| (CSRC) sf] j]a;fO6df pNn]v eP cg';f/ g]kfndf @^=! k|ltzt s[ifs kl/jf/x¿sf]
cfkm\gf] :jfldTj /x]sf] hdLg 5}g . hDdf !(=&! k|ltzt dlxnfx¿sf] hdLgdf :jfldTj /x]sf] 5 / sl/a
$$ k|ltzt t/fO{ blntx¿ ;'s'Daf;L cj:yf /x]sf 5g\ .

$=!) a];xf/f ;8s afnaflnsf tyf hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #( cGtu{t pkwf/f ( adf]lhd df}lns xsdf, c;xfo, cgfy, ckfËtf
ePsf, åGb lkl8t, lj:yflkt Pj+ hf]lvddf /x]sf afnjflnsfnfO{ /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f / ;'ljwf
kfpg] xs x'g]5 egL pNn]v 5 eg] wf/f $# df cfly{s¿kn] ljkGg, czQm / c;xfo cj:yfdf
/x]sf, c;xfo Ps dlxnf, ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsf,cfkm\gf] x]/rfx cfkm} ug{ g;Sg] tyf
nf]kf]pGd'v hfltsf gful/snfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 egL pNn]v ul/Psf]
5 . o;y{ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] o; k|sf/sf] j];xf/f cj:yfdf /x]sf
afnaflnsf / cGo gful/snfO{ clgjfo{ ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{ bfloTj /x]sf] 5 .
$=!! s[lif tyf kz'k+IfL, df5fkfng tyf cGo
cfh pRrtd ljsf; xfl;n u/]sf cf}Bf]lus /fi6«x¿sf] ljsf;sf] d]¿b08 s[lif g} /x]sf] Oltxf;n]
b]vfpF5 . o"/f]k, cd]l/sf tyf Pl;ofnL dxfzlQm /fi6«x¿sf] ;DkGgtfsf] cfwf/zLnf ;d]t s[lif
qmflGtdf cfwfl/t ePsf] kfOG5 . t;y{ tTsfnsf nflu s[lif afx]ssf cGo ljsNkx¿ Go"g /x]sf] /
s[lifdf kof{Kt ;+efjgf /x]sf] xfd|f] b]zdf ljsf;sf cGo dxTjfsf+IfL of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug'{k"j{
vfBfGg, kmnkm"n t/sf/Lsf ;fy} ;du| s[lif pkhx¿df cfTdlge{/ agL lgof{t ;d]t j[l4 ug{ s[lif
If]qdf qmflGt g} ug'{kg]{ klxnf] clgjfo{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .pRr k|ljlwx¿ ljsf; e};s]sf] cfhsf]
o"udf ;d]t xfd|f] lgjf{xd"vL k/Dk/fut v]lt k|0ffnLdf l;ldt /lx/xg' Ps k|sf/sf] lj8Dagf g} 5 .
t;y{ :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ;+efJotf x]l/ Joj;flos / j}1flgs s[lifsf nflu cfjZos ;Dk'0f{ s[lif
k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljsf; dfkm{t s[lif pTkfbg / ljsf;df qmflGt ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .
$=!!=! d'Vo s[lifhGo pTkfbgx¿sf] ljj/0f -jflif{s pTkfbg pknAw eP;Dd_
-s_ vfBfGg afnL
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ;fdfGotM s[lif k|0ffnLdf d'Vo cGg afnLx¿ wfg, ds}, ux'F cflb x'g\ . o:t} bnxg
afnLdf e6df;, df;, s]/fp, l;dL, af]8L cflb pTkfbg x'g] ub{5 . t]nxg afnLdf tf]/L, ;:o"F, /fof],
l;nfd, lkmn'Ë] -h}t'g_ pTkfbg ul/G5 eg] t/sf/L v]tL cfn', aGbf, s/]nf, d'nf, t¿n, r'r]s/]nf,
a}u'g, nf}sf, :s';, km;L{ nufot k|d'v t/sf/L tyf gub] afnLdfcb'jf, cfn', Kofh, n;'g, v';f{gL cflb
x'g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ;a}eGbf w]/} If]qdfvfBfGg / kmnkm'n afnL nufOg] ul/G5 eg] t'ngfTds
¿kn] Go"g If]qdf vfBfGg, t/sf/L, bnxg afnL, kmnkm"n / d;nf afnL nufOg] u/]sf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 72

 tflnsf g+= 36 M k|d'v s[lif afnL;DaGwL ljj/0f
qm=;+= vfBfGg afnL gub] jfnL d;nf jfnL, t]nxgjfnL bnxgjfnL
jif]{ wfg, jif]{ ds}, cb'jf, cfn', Kofh, n;'g, a];f/, n;'g, tf]/L, ;:o{", df;, d;'/f], e6df;,
!
ux'F, cfn' v';f{gL, u]8fu'8L v';f{gL,wlgof, ;'k cfn;, ltn, af]8L, l;ld
t/sf/L jfnL kmnkm"n cGo
cfn', sfpnL, nf}sf,
cfk, lnRrL, s]/f, d]jf,
km;L{, jGbf, d'nf,
@ cgf/, pv', cDaf, df5fkfng, Rofp v]tL
n;'g, Kofh, ;fu
cf¿av8f, cf¿, sfutL
cflb
;|f]t M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^
-v_ lxpFb] afnL
 pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf pTkfbg ul/g] k|d'v lxpFb] afnLx¿df ux'F, d;'/f], rgf, c/x/,
df;, /fhdf, d'ª, tf]/L, cfn;, s]/f, cfn', d;nf afnL cflb /x]sf 5g\ .
-u_jif]{ afnL
 pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf k|d'v jif]{ afnLx¿df wfg, ds}, bnxg, cGo t/sf/L, jif{]
t/sf/L, cfn', cfFk, s6x/, lnrL, sfutL cflb 5g\ .
$=!!=@ v]tLhGo hdLgsf] ljj/0f
g]kfndf e"–pkof]u / e'ld ;'wf/ sfo{qmdx¿ lgik|efjL /x]sf 5g\ . j}1flgs / Joj;flos 9Ën] e"–
pkof]u gx'Fbf s[lif If]qdf 7'nf] 3f6f Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] cj:yf 5 . x/]s :yfgLo txdf pknAw ;Dk"0f{
v]ltof]Uo hdLgsf] j}1flgs / Joj;flos 9Ën] ;b'kof]u x'g ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . v]ltof]Uo hdLgsf]
pknAwtf ePklg k"0f{ ;b'kof]u gx'Fbf Psftkm{ hdLg afFemf] x'Fb} hfg] t csf]{tkm{ s[lif pTkfbgdf
sdL eO{ cfoft ug'{kg]{ cj:yf >[hgf eO{/x]sf] 5 . of] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] s"n hdLg dWo]
%)=#* ju{ ls=dL= cyf{t $*=%% k|ltzt hdLg v]tLof]Uo /x]sf] 5 .
$=!!=# v]tLof]Uo dWo l;+lrt / cl;+lrt hdLgsf] ljj/0f
hdLg v]ltof]Uo eP/ dfq x'Fb}g To;df l;FrfO{sf] ;'ljwf clgjfo{ k'u]sf] x'g'kb{5 . v]ltof]Uo
hdLgdf v]ltkflt u/L k"0f{ ;b'kof]u ug{ To;df l;FrfO{sf] ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg' clgjfo{ x'G5 . t;y{
:yfgLo txx¿n] cfkm\gf] If]qdf /x]sf] v]ltof]Uo hdLgsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f tof/ kf/L To;dWo] l;FrfO{
k'u]sf] / gk'u]sf] hdLgsf] ;d]t ;xL tYofÍ x'g'kb{5 . o; kZrft l;FrfO{ gk'u]sf] hdLgdf Ps jf
csf]{ k|sf/n] l;FrfO{ k'¥ofpg k|fyldstf s]lGb|t ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 .
$=!!=$ afFemf] hdLgsf] ljj/0f
ufpF3/df sltko If]qx¿ k|of]uxLg cj:yfdf afFemf] /x]sf x'G5g\ . ;a} k|sf/sf hdLgx¿sf] Ps jf
csf]{ k|sf/n] ;b'kof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . hdLg cfkm}df Ps cd"No k|fs[lts ;Dkbf xf] . v]lt gx'g]
If]qdf 8fn]3fF; jf h8La'6L nufpg ;lsG5 eg] pko'Qm :yfgx¿ eP v'Nnf If]q, dgf]/~hg :yn,
kfs{ jf au}+rfsf] ¿kdf ;d]t ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . v]lt gx'g] cj:yfdf cfjf; ljsf;sf nflu
;d]t o:tf] hdLgsf] ;b'kof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] s"n hdLgsf] sl/j !=#& k|ltzt
hdLg emf8L a'6\ofg, kx/f / k|of]ulxg cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 73

$=!!=% vfBfGg afnLdf nfUg] /f]u tyf ls/f
s[lif afnLaf6 ck]lIft pTkfbg lngsf nflu afnLgfnLsf] plrt :ofxf/ ;+ef/ cfjZos 5 . ljz]ift
afnLgfnLnfO{ /f]u tyf ls/fn] cfqmd0f ug]{ x'Fbf /f]u tyf ls/faf6 aRg ;dod} pRr ;ts{tf
ckgfpg] / /f]syfd af/] hfgsf/L xfl;n ug'{ clt cfjZos 5 . csf]{tkm{ afnLgfnLdf nfUg] /
nfUg ;Sg] /f]u tyf ls/fsf] ;xL 9Ën] klxrfg x'g ;d]t h¿/L 5 . /f]u tyf ls/fsf] ;xL klxrfg
x'g ;s] ;do d} To;sf] /f]syfd x'g uO{ pTkfbgnfO{ ;'/lIft ug{ ;lsG5 .
tflnsf g+= 37 M vfBfGg afnLdf nfUg] /f]u ljj/0f

s|=; s[lifafnLsf] gfd k|d"v /f]u k|d"v ls/f

89'jf,cf]Onfpg], u'hd'h],;]tf] vk6],kt]/f],ujf/f],nfxL,kft vg|],/ftf]

! t/sf/LafnL
9';L,a]gf{ s'lxg], sldnf],6'6f

Jnf:6,v}/f,kftsf] km]b 89'jf,sfnf]

@ vfBfGg afnL ujf/f],ldlnju,km8s], nfxL,v'd|],kmf}hL
kf]s],
# t]nxg afnL w'n] 9';L,;]tf] l;Gb'/] nfxL

sf]q],cf]Onfpg], ufgf] s'lxg],kmn l;6|; l;Nnf,nfxL,kmn s'xfpg]

$ kmnkm'n s'lxg],kmnsf] yf]Kn],h/f cf};f,ldlnau,km8s],sf]ofsf] 3'g,yfd
s'lxg],v/fg],vl6/f,So+u/,u|LgLu+ 3'g,k'tnL,em'l;n,kt]/f], lemuf

% pv',xn]bf],h'6 ufgf] s'lxg],AofS6]l/of,yf]Kn] ujf/f],km6of+u|f, km8s]

;|f]t M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

$=!!=^ t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"ndf nfUg] /f]u tyf ls/f

tflnsf g+= 38 M t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"ndf nfUg] /f]u tyf ls/f
qm=;+= afnL k|d'v zq' hLj k|d'v /f]u
^"^foK;"n"^f, ;]tf] lem+uf, nfxL, p*"jf— cuf}^], k%f}^]
1. uf]ne]*f
kmnsf] ujf/f], kt]/f] cflb . cfO{nfpg], ddfhfO{s cflb .

*fO{d)* Aofs df]y, ^f]jfsf] ;km\^ /^ , Anfs /^,

sfpnL,
2. aGbf
Sof^/lkn/, nfxL, pkm|g] km*s] cflb cN^/j]l/of, Snj ¿^ *]DkLª
. ckm cflb .

lk=^L= Pd=, nfxL, kft vfg] nfe|] *("jf , df]hfOkm v}/f] lkk,
3. cfn"
cflb . rSs] cflb .

*fO{d)* Aofs df]y, ^f]jfsf] ;km\^ /^ , Anfs /^,

4. /fof] Sof^/lkn/, nfxL, pkm|g] km*s] cflb cN^/j]l/of, Snj ¿^ *]DkLª
. ckm cflb .

;|f]t Mgu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 74

$=!@ kz'kfng
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljz]if u/L ufO{, e}F;L, afv|f, ;'Fu'/ g} oxfFsf d'Vo 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ x'g\ .
o;af6 pkdxfgu/kflnsf af;Lx¿sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf pNn]Vo ;'wf/ eO{/x]sf] 5 . kz'hGo
pTkfbgx¿ h:t}, b'w, bxL, l3p tyf df;'sf nflu s'v'/f, v;L, af]sfx¿sf] laqmLaf6 cfDbfgL
a9]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df s[lif ;]jfsf] k'/s kz'kfng Joj;fo /x]sf] b]lvG5 o:t} a'6jn
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf klg ljleGg Joj;flos tyf ;fdfGo kz'kfng x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf kz'kfng Joj;fonfO{ cem Jojl:yt agfpg ;s] cy{tGqdf ljsf; x'g]
b]lvG5 .
$=!@=! 3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfL kfngsf] cfsf/sf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 39 M 3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfLkfngsf] cfsf/sf cfwf/df 3/ kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
kz'k+IfL kfng ug]{ kl/jf/ kz'k+IfL kfng gug]{ kl/jf/ pNn]v
j8f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt glul/Psf]
1 2 .5% 394 99.5% 0 396

2 51 5.2% 932 94.8% 1 984

3 4 .3% 1347 99.7% 0 1351

4 2 .2% 800 99.8% 0 802

5 0 0.0% 368 100.0% 0 368

6 9 1.0% 886 99.0% 0 895

7 36 2.4% 1487 97.6% 0 1523

8 2 .1% 1335 99.9% 0 1337

9 8 1.0% 829 99.0% 0 837

10 2 .3% 706 99.7% 0 708

11 51 .7% 7041 99.3% 0 7092

12 260 10.7% 2165 89.3% 0 2425

13 137 5.0% 2585 95.0% 0 2722

14 420 42.9% 559 57.1% 0 979

15 452 48.7% 476 51.3% 0 928

16 372 57.9% 271 42.1% 0 643

17 387 28.7% 960 71.3% 0 1347

18 179 32.5% 372 67.5% 0 551

19 535 56.4% 414 43.6% 0 949

hDdf 2909 10.8% 23927 89.2% 1 26837

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

kz'k+IfLkfng If]qn] b]zsf] s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf sl/a !! k|ltzt / s"n s[lif u|fx:y pTkfbgdf
@^=* k|ltzt of]ubfg ub}{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df o; If]qsf] ljz]if cfly{s dxTj /x]sf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 75

pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] s"n @^,*#& 3/kl/jf/x¿ dWo] kz'k+IfL kfNg] 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof @,()( cyf{t
!)=* k|ltzt / gkfNg] 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof @#,(@& cyf{t *(=@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . o;af6 sd
;+Vofdf 3/kl/jf/n] kz'k+IfL kfNg] u/]sf] tYo tYofÍaf6 :ki6 x'G5 . j8f g+= !% / !( df
t'ngfTds¿kdf w]/} 3/kl/jf/n] kz'k+IfL kfng u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf 3/kl/jf/x¿n]
kz'k+IfL kfn]sf] tYofÍdf b]lvPklg kz'kfng Joj;flos geO{ 3/]n' k|of]hgsf] nflu dfq kfNg]sf]
;+Vof cTolws /x]sf] 5 . j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfL ;DaGwL ljj/0f

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfL ePsf 3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfL gePsf

$=!@=@ s[lif k|of]hgsf] nflu xfn kl/jf/df ePsf] kz'kG5L;DaGwL ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 40 M ljleGg kz'k+IfL kfNg] s[ifsx¿sf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
j8f=g+ ufO{÷uf]¿ e}F;L÷/fFuf afv|f÷RofË|f a+u'/÷;'+u'/ cGo rf}kfof xfF;÷s'v'/f cGo k+IfL
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0

2 0 3 20 6 1 34 0

3 0 1 2 0 0 2 0

4 0 0 1 0 0 2 0

6 2 1 5 0 0 2 0

7 2 2 11 1 0 25 1

8 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

9 1 2 1 1 0 3 2

10 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

11 11 27 11 3 4 15 0

12 32 131 90 22 3 124 2

13 13 55 55 12 5 76 4

14 100 172 200 7 1 215 0

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 76

j8f=g+ ufO{÷uf]¿ e}F;L÷/fFuf afv|f÷RofË|f a+u'/÷;'+u'/ cGo rf}kfof xfF;÷s'v'/f cGo k+IfL
15 114 222 223 12 1 217 5

16 113 165 207 4 0 161 2

17 33 129 231 8 0 217 0

18 17 113 87 5 0 53 1

19 35 216 359 19 1 261 5

hDdf 475 1241 1504 100 16 1409 22

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf s"n @,()( kz'k+IfL kfNg] 3/kl/jf/x¿df $,&% ufO{÷uf]¿, !,@$! e}F;L÷/fFuf,
!,%)$ afv|f÷Rofª\u|f kfNg] u/]sf 5g\ . ufO{ / e}+;Lsf] t'ngfdf pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf afv|f÷Rofª\u|f
kfNg] u/]sf] sf/0f t'ngfTds ¿kdf afv|f÷Rofª\u|f kfNg ;xh x'g] / df;' laqmLaf6 cfDbfgL ;d]t
/fd|f] x'g] ePsf]n] xf] . oBkL afv|f÷Rofª\u|fsf] ;d]t Jo;flos pTkfbg eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
To;}u/L pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ;'ª\u'/÷a+u'/, xfF;÷s'v'/f kfn]sf 5g\ . cGo kz'k+IfLsf] t'ngfdf
xfF;÷s'v'/f kfNg ;xh x'g] / :yfgLo hftsf xfF;÷s'v'/faf6 /fd|f] cfDbfgL x'g] ePsf]n] k|fo u|fdL0f
If]qsf ;a}h;f] 3/kl/jf/n] xfF;÷s'v'/fsf] kfng u/]sf] kfOG5 . w]/} kl/jf/n] ufO{÷uf]¿ tyf afv|f
;fy} !,$)( kl/jf/n] xfF;÷s'v'/f kfn]sf] ePklg Jo;flos¿kdf kfNg]x¿sf] ;+Vof eg] Go'g 5 .
o;n] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cfly{s ;d[l4df 7f]; 6]jf k'¥ofpg ;Sb}g . j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f
tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

;j]{If0fsf] cjlwdf 3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfLsf] ljj/0f

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 77

 tflnsf g+= 41 M s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu xfn kl/jf/df ePsf] kz'k+IfL;DaGwL ljj/0f
xfn kz'k+IfL ut jif{ kz'k+IfLsf] laqmL
j8f g+= kz'kG5Lsf] k|sf/
ePsf] gePsf] ePsf] gePsf]
ufO{÷uf]¿ 1 1 0 2
e}F;L÷/fFuf 1 1 0 2

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 0 2 0 2
1 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 0 2 0 2

cGo rf}kfof 0 2 0 2

xfF;÷s'v'/f 1 1 0 2
cGo k+IfL 0 2 0 2
ufO{÷uf]¿ 0 51 0 51

e}F;L÷/fFuf 3 48 1 50

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 20 31 11 40
2 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 6 45 5 46
cGo rf}kfof 1 50 1 50
xfF;÷s'v'/f 34 17 7 44
cGo k+IfL 0 51 0 51

ufO{÷uf]¿ 0 4 0 4

e}F;L÷/fFuf 1 3 1 3

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 2 2 2 2
3 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 0 4 0 4
cGo rf}kfof 0 4 0 4
xfF;÷s'v'/f 2 2 2 2

cGo k+IfL 0 4 0 4

ufO{÷uf]¿ 0 2 0 2

e}F;L÷/fFuf 0 2 0 2

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 1 1 0 2
4 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 0 2 0 2
cGo rf}kfof 0 2 0 2

xfF;÷s'v'/f 2 0 1 1

cGo k+IfL 0 2 0 2

ufO{÷uf]¿ 2 7 1 8

e}F;L÷/fFuf 1 8 0 9
e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 5 4 5 4
6 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 0 9 0 9

cGo rf}kfof 0 9 0 9

xfF;÷s'v'/f 2 7 1 8

cGo k+IfL 0 9 0 9
7 ufO{÷uf]¿ 2 34 0 36

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 78

 xfn kz'k+IfL ut jif{ kz'k+IfLsf] laqmL
j8f g+= kz'kG5Lsf] k|sf/
ePsf] gePsf] ePsf] gePsf]
e}F;L÷/fFuf 2 34 0 36
e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 11 25 5 31

a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 1 35 1 35

cGo rf}kfof 0 36 0 36

xfF;÷s'v'/f 25 11 5 31

cGo k+IfL 1 35 0 36
ufO{÷uf]¿ 0 2 0 2
e}F;L÷/fFuf 1 1 0 2

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 1 1 1 1
8 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 0 2 0 2

cGo rf}kfof 0 2 0 2

xfF;÷s'v'/f 0 2 0 2
cGo k+IfL 0 2 0 2
ufO{÷uf]¿ 1 7 1 7

e}F;L÷/fFuf 2 6 0 8

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 1 7 1 7
9 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 1 7 0 8

cGo rf}kfof 0 8 0 8
xfF;÷s'v'/f 3 5 1 7
cGo k+IfL 2 6 0 8

ufO{÷uf]¿ 1 1 0 2

e}F;L÷/fFuf 0 2 0 2

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 0 2 0 2
10 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 0 2 0 2
cGo rf}kfof 0 2 0 2
xfF;÷s'v'/f 1 1 0 2

cGo k+IfL 0 2 0 2
ufO{÷uf]¿ 11 40 1 50

e}F;L÷/fFuf 27 24 1 50

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 11 40 6 45
11 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 3 48 3 48
cGo rf}kfof 4 47 2 49

xfF;÷s'v'/f 15 36 10 41

cGo k+IfL 0 51 0 51

ufO{÷uf]¿ 32 228 1 259

12 e}F;L÷/fFuf 131 129 15 245
e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 90 170 41 219

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 79

 xfn kz'k+IfL ut jif{ kz'k+IfLsf] laqmL
j8f g+= kz'kG5Lsf] k|sf/
ePsf] gePsf] ePsf] gePsf]
a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 22 238 11 249
cGo rf}kfof 3 257 0 260

xfF;÷s'v'/f 124 136 29 231

cGo k+IfL 2 258 1 259

ufO{÷uf]¿ 13 124 1 136

e}F;L÷/fFuf 55 82 5 132
e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 55 82 16 121
13 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 12 125 8 129

cGo rf}kfof 5 132 1 136

xfF;÷s'v'/f 76 61 17 120

cGo k+IfL 4 133 0 137

ufO{÷uf]¿ 100 320 10 410

e}F;L÷/fFuf 172 248 24 396
e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 200 220 66 354
14 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 7 413 5 415

cGo rf}kfof 1 419 1 419

xfF;÷s'v'/f 215 205 39 381

cGo k+IfL 0 420 2 418

ufO{÷uf]¿ 114 338 4 448
e}F;L÷/fFuf 222 230 19 433

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 223 229 99 353

15 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 12 440 10 442

cGo rf}kfof 1 451 1 451

xfF;÷s'v'/f 217 235 60 392

cGo k+IfL 5 447 2 450
ufO{÷uf]¿ 113 259 5 367

e}F;L÷/fFuf 165 207 22 350

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 207 165 107 265
16 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 4 368 0 372

cGo rf}kfof 0 372 1 371

xfF;÷s'v'/f 161 211 36 336
cGo k+IfL 2 370 0 372

ufO{÷uf]¿ 33 354 2 385

e}F;L÷/fFuf 129 258 16 371

17 e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 231 156 81 306

a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 8 379 4 383

cGo rf}kfof 0 387 2 385

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 80

 xfn kz'k+IfL ut jif{ kz'k+IfLsf] laqmL
j8f g+= kz'kG5Lsf] k|sf/
ePsf] gePsf] ePsf] gePsf]
xfF;÷s'v'/f 217 170 62 325
cGo k+IfL 0 387 1 386

ufO{÷uf]¿ 17 162 4 175

e}F;L÷/fFuf 113 66 11 168

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 87 92 37 142
18 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 5 174 2 177
cGo rf}kfof 0 179 0 179
xfF;÷s'v'/f 53 126 14 165

cGo k+IfL 1 178 1 178

ufO{÷uf]¿ 35 500 2 533

e}F;L÷/fFuf 216 319 21 514

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 359 176 85 450

19 a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 19 516 9 526
cGo rf}kfof 1 534 1 534

xfF;÷s'v'/f 261 274 45 490

cGo k+IfL 5 530 0 535

ufO{÷uf]¿ 475 2434 32 2877

e}F;L÷/fFuf 1241 1668 136 2773

e]8f÷afv|f÷RofË|f 1504 1405 563 2346
hDdf a+u'/÷;'+u'/ 100 2809 58 2851

cGo rf}kfof 16 2893 10 2899

xfF;÷s'v'/f 1409 1500 329 2580

cGo k+IfL 22 2887 7 2902

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

$=!@=# kz'k+IfL hGo j:t'sf] pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 42 M kz'k+IfL hGo j:t'sf] pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
b"whGo j:t' -£o", lrh, kz'k+IfL hGo cGo
b"w c08f
dvg cflb_ pTkfbg
j8f
pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg
ePsf] gePsf] ePsf] gePsf] ePsf] gePsf] ePsf] gePsf]
1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2
2 1 50 0 51 0 51 0 51
3 1 3 0 4 0 4 0 4
4 0 2 0 2 1 1 0 2
6 1 8 0 9 0 9 0 9
7 3 33 0 36 9 27 0 36
8 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 81

 b"whGo j:t' -£o", lrh, kz'k+IfL hGo cGo
b"w c08f
dvg cflb_ pTkfbg
j8f
pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg pTkfbg
ePsf] gePsf] ePsf] gePsf] ePsf] gePsf] ePsf] gePsf]
9 1 7 0 8 1 7 0 8
10 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 2
11 28 23 1 50 8 43 0 51
12 113 147 29 231 10 250 0 260
13 31 106 4 133 5 132 0 137
14 179 241 33 387 5 415 0 420
15 235 217 14 438 5 447 1 451
16 203 169 41 331 28 344 0 372
17 82 305 19 368 0 387 2 385
18 63 116 12 167 0 179 0 179
19 135 400 58 477 12 523 0 535
hDdf 1077 1832 212 2697 84 2825 3 2906

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf kz'k+IfL kfNg] 3/kl/jf/x¿dWo] s'n !,)&& 3/kl/jf/n] dfq b'w pTkfbg ug]{
u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L @!@ kl/jf/n] b'UwhGo kbfy{, *$ 3/kl/jf/n] c08f pTkfbg / # hgfn]
kz'k+IfL hGo cGo pTkfbg ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . kz'k+IfL kfNg] 3/kl/jf/sf] -3/w'/Lsf]_ ;+Vofsf]
cfwf/df x]bf{ kz'k+IfLhGo kbfy{sf] pTkfbg ug]{sf] ;+Vof gu0o b]lvG5 . tYofÍnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{
pTkfbgd'vLeGbf cg'kfTbs kz'k+IfLsf] ;+Vof clws /x]sf] kfOG5 . oBlk xfF;÷s'v'/f tyf e]+8f
afv|fsf] kz'k+IfLhGo pTkfbgeGbf l;w} laqmL ljt/0f ug{ ;xh x'g] x'Fbf pTkfbg sd b]lvPsf]
x'g;S5 . kz'k+IfL kfngnfO{ pTkfbgd'vL / Joj;flos agfpg g;Sbf cfDbfgL ;Lldt tyf >d /
;dosf] v]/ x'g hfG5 . o;tkm{ ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}sf] Wofg hfg' h¿/L 5 . j8fut k"0f{
ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

kz'k+IfL hGo j:t'sf] pTkfbgsf] cfsf/sf cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljt/0f

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
b'w b'whGo j:t'-£o", c08f cGo
lrh, dvg cflb_
kz'k+IfL hGo j:t'sf] pTkfbg ePsf] kz'k+IfL hGo j:t'sf] pTkfbg gePsf]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 82

$=!# kz' gZn
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf kfng ul/g] d'Vo kz'k+IfLx¿df ufO{, e}+;L, afv|f, e]+8f / a+u'/ /x]sf 5g\ .
;fdfGotof Joj;flos kz'kfngsf] ljsf;;Fu} j0f{z+s/ tyf pGgt hftsf kz'x¿sf] lx:;f s'n
kz'sf] t'ngfdf j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] kfOG5 . ufO{ e}+;Ldf s[lqd uef{wfg ;]jf pknAw x'g' tyf afv|f /
a+u'/tkm{ pGgt hftsf efn]x¿;Fu k|hgg\ u/fpg] kl/kf6L a;]sf] x'Fbf oL hftsf hgfj/x¿df
j0f{z+s/sf] ;+Vof a9\bf] 5 . tyflk aFw'jf kz'kfng k4ltsf] sdL, sdhf]/ kz' :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg,
s'kf]if0f tyf kz'kfng;DaGwL k|fljlws 1fg tyf r]tgfsf] cefjsf] sf/0f j0f{ z+s/af6 pTkfbgdf
vf;} pT;fx ylkPsf] cj:yf 5}g . t;y{ gZn ;'wf/dfkm{t\ gofF hlGdPsf hgfj/sf aRrfx¿
eljiosf] nflu /fd|f] dfp x'g] s'/f dWogh/ u/L yk sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug'{ cfjZos 5 .
;f/f+zdf, ljutsf jif{x¿df pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] kz'kfng If]qn] s]lx ;'wf/ u/]sf] 5 h;n] ubf{
kz'k+IfLhGo pTkfbgdf kl/df0fTds ljsf; ;Dej ePsf] 5 . t/ xfnsf] kl/df0ffTds ljsf;sf] ult
;':t 5 . kz'kfng If]qdf qmlds ¿kdf Joj;flostf ylkPsf] 5 t/ kz'k+IfLhGo pTkfbg k|zf]wgsf
nflu kof{Kt pBf]ux¿sf] :yfkgf x'g ;s]sf] kfO{Fb}g . To;}u/L kz'kfngtkm{ u'0ffTds ljsf;sf] ;d]t
vfFrf] ;j{q dx;'; ul/Psf] 5 .kz'kfng;Fu cfj4 >lds tyf dlxnf ju{x¿sf] pTkfbsTj clt Go"g
x'g', o'jf ju{x¿ ljb]z knfog x'g' / ;f] cg'¿k kz'kfngdf oflGqsLs/0f x'g g;Sg', kz'kfng If]qdf
k'FhL nufgLsf] cfsf/ w]/} ;fgf] x'g' tyf ;j{;fwf/0f kz'kfngn] s[lif cy{tGqdf lbPsf] of]ubfgsf]
af/]df c1fgtf cflb sf/0fn] ubf{ kz'kfng If]qaf6 cfzftLt pknlAw xfl;n x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
$=!#=! kz'k+IfLdf nfUg] /f]u tyf ls/f
s[ifsx¿sf] d'Vo cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] kz'k+IfLx¿sf] kfng o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]
k|d'v k]zfdWo] Ps xf] . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf b]lvg] kz' /f]ux¿df /]ljh, vf]/]t, lklkcf/, :jfOg
lkmj/, Eofu't], r/r/], gfDn], df6], y'g]nf], k|hgg\;DaGwL / h'sf kb{5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] jg
hª\un;Fu hf]l8Psf j8fx¿df PG6L /]lhj vf]k nufpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 eg] vf]/]t, lklkcf/, :jfOg lkmj/
h:tf cToGt ;+qmfds /f]usf] k|sf]k klg o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf Pbfsbf b]lvg] u/]sf] 5 . o;sf
sf/0fx¿nfO{ x]bf{ kz'sf] cj}w cfjt hfjt, bolgo Joj:yfkg, vf]k nufpg'k5{ eGg] r]tgfsf] sdL
cflb dfGg ;lsG5 . oL /f]usf] lgoGq0fsf nflu lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{noaf6 lg/Gt/ k|of; e}/x]sf]
b]lvG5 .
lhjf0f'af6 x'g] /f]ux¿dWo] Eofu'Q], r/r/] lj¿4 o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ls;fgx¿n] vf]k
nufpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . tfklg oL /f]ux¿ kmf6km'6 ¿kdf b]lvg] u/]sf 5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
:jfOg lkmj/, vf]/]t, /]ljh lj¿4sf] vf]ksfo{ ;d]t pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ljleGg j8fx¿df ;d]t
;~rfng ug{ ;s]df w]/} xb;Dd /f]u lgoGq0f sfo{ ;kmn x'g] b]lvG5 .;fdfGotof kz'k+IfLdf 7"nf]
dfxfdf/L km}lnPsf] kfOFb}g .tyflk oxfFsf kz'k+IfLx¿df vf]/]t, Eofu't], r/r/], gfDn]h'sf, /]jLh
h:tf /f]ux¿sf] / k+IfLx¿df d'nt /fgLv]t, uDaf]/f, l;cf/8L / a8{km\n" d'Vo ¿kdf nfUg] u/]sf]
5.

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 83

$=!#=@ kz'k+IfL, vfBfGg, t/sf/L, kmnkm"n, df5f, df}/L, /]zd v]tL cflb;DaGwL Joj;flos
kmd{x¿sf] ljj/0f
g]kfnsf clwsf+z If]qdf lgjf{xd'vL, k/Dk/fut / c;+ul7t v]lt ug]{ k|rng ljBdfg 5 . s[lif
Joj;fonfO{;Ddflgt, k|ltkmnd'vL / j}1flgs agfpg o;nfO{ ;+ul7t / ;+:yfut 9Ën] ljsf; ug'{
h¿/L 5 . xfn b]zsf ljleGg :yfgx¿df Joj;flos s[lif kmd{x¿ btf{ eO{ ;+ul7t / ;+:yfut
lx;fan] v]ltkftL ug]{ cEof;sf] ;'¿jft ePsf] 5 . o;/L j}1flgs lx;fan] kmd{ btf{ u/L s[lif
Joj;fo ;~rfng ubf{ /fHoåf/f lbOg] cg'bfg / k|ljlwx¿ ;xof]u k|bfg ug{ ;d]t ;xof]u k'Ub5 .
o;n] s[lif Joj;fonfO{ ;+ul7t / Joj;flos agfpg d2t k'¥ofpF5 .
tflnsf g+= 43 M pk–dxgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf df}/Lkfng pBdLsf] ljj/0f
j8f kmd{sf] gfd k|f]k/fO6/
12 odju+ ax'p2]lZo s[lif kmd{ pdf b[jL k'g
12 k'ik PsLs[t s[lif kmd{ k'ik cfrfo{
12 d/fl;gL df}l/ kmd{ an/fd d/f;gL
12 cfrfo{ s[lif kmd{ sNkgf cfrfo{
12 d+uf]lnog s[lif kmd{ od yfkf
16 kNnL ax'p2]lZo s[lif kmd{ od snf kNnL
19 af]wL s[lif kmd{ ;Gt axfb'/ af]x/f

$=!$ s[lif
$=!$=! s[lifsf nflu cfkm"n] rng u/]sf] jf c¿nfO{ rng ug{ lbPsf] hldgsf] cfwf/df
3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 44 M s[lifsf nflu cfkm"n] rng u/]sf] jf c¿nfO{ rng ug{ lbPsf]hldgsf] cfwf/df
3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
5 5}g
j8f
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
1 5 1.3% 391 98.7%

2 9 .9% 975 99.1%

3 13 1.0% 1338 99.0%

4 4 .5% 798 99.5%

5 5 1.4% 363 98.6%

6 33 3.7% 862 96.3%

7 12 .8% 1511 99.2%

8 1 .1% 1336 99.9%

9 8 1.0% 829 99.0%

10 7 1.0% 701 99.0%

11 70 1.0% 7022 99.0%

12 455 18.8% 1970 81.2%

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 84

 5 5}g
j8f
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
13 206 7.6% 2516 92.4%

14 561 57.3% 418 42.7%

15 592 63.8% 336 36.2%

16 550 85.5% 93 14.5%

17 116 8.6% 1231 91.4%

18 413 75.0% 138 25.0%

19 753 79.3% 196 20.7%

hDdf 3813 14.2% 23024 85.8%

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s'n 3/kl/jf/x¿dWo] s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu cfkm"n] rng u/]sf] jf
c¿nfO{ rng ug{ lbPsf]hldg ePsf jf k|of]u u/]sf 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] ;+Vof #,*!# cyf{t\ !$=@
k|ltzt / To; k|sf/sf] hdLg gePsfsf] ;+Vof @#,)@$ cyf{t\ *%=* k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . o;
tYofÍn] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] 7"nf] hg;+Vof s[lifdf ;+nUg gePsf] b]vfpF5 . j8fut lj:t[t
ljj/0f dflysf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] efu # wf/f #^ -#_ adf]lhd
æk|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg"gadf]lhd vfB ;Dk|e'tfsf] xsÆ sf] ;'lglZrttf ul/Psf] kl/k|]Iodf s[lif
pTkfbgdf cfTdlge{/tf xfl;n ug{ e"ldsf] j}1flgs ljt/0f / Joj:yfkg ub}{ Joj;flos v]tLtkm{
s[ifsnfO{ cfs{lift ug]{ gLlt /fHoåf/f c+lusf/ ul/g'k5{ .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 85

 s[lifof]Uo hdLgsf] :jfldTjsf cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljt/0f

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

s[ifL of]Uo hdLg ePsf] s[ifL of]Uo hdLg gePsf]

$=!$=@ s[lif k]zf c+ufNg] kl/jf/, s[ifs kl/jf/ / pgLx¿n] ef]urng u/]sf] hdLgsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 45 M s[lif k]zf c+ufNg] kl/jf/, s[ifs kl/jf/ / pgLx¿n] ef]urng u/]sf] hdLgsf] ljj/0f
cfˆgf] hUuf cfkm}Fn] c¿sf] hUuf cfkm"n] rng cfˆgf] hUuf c¿n]
hDdf
j8f rng u/]sf] u/]sf] rng u/]sf]
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
1 4 0.1% 0 0.0% 2 .4% 6 .1%

2 1 0.0% 0 0.0% 2 .4% 3 .1%

3 2 0.1% 0 0.0% 6 1.1% 8 .2%

4 3 0.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 3 .1%

5 2 0.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2 .0%

6 5 0.2% 0 0.0% 20 3.7% 25 .6%

7 6 0.2% 0 0.0% 3 0.6% 9 .2%

8 1 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1 .0%

9 3 0.1% 0 0.0% 2 0.4% 5 .1%

10 4 0.1% 0 0.0% 3 0.6% 7 .2%

11 45 1.5% 4 .4% 15 2.8% 64 1.5%

12 353 12.2% 48 5.1% 99 18.3% 500 11.4%

13 170 5.9% 24 2.5% 19 3.5% 213 4.8%

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 86

 cfˆgf] hUuf cfkm}Fn] c¿sf] hUuf cfkm"n] rng cfˆgf] hUuf c¿n]
hDdf
j8f rng u/]sf] u/]sf] rng u/]sf]
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
14 436 15.0% 141 14.9% 69 12.8% 646 14.7%

15 506 17.4% 87 9.2% 73 13.5% 666 15.2%

16 418 14.4% 201 21.2% 73 13.5% 692 15.8%

17 64 2.2% 46 4.9% 19 3.5% 129 2.9%

18 328 11.3% 138 14.6% 35 6.5% 501 11.4%

19 553 19.0% 258 27.2% 101 18.7% 912 20.8%

hDdf 2904 100.0% 947 100.0% 541 100.0% 4392 100.0%

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf s[lif k|of]hgsf] hdLg ePsf jf s[lif k|of]hgsf] hdLg ef]urng ug]{
kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof dWo] cfˆgf] hUuf cfkm}n] rng u/]sf] @,()$ 3/kl/jf/, c¿sf] hUuf cfkm'n] rng
u/]sf] ($& 3/kl/jf/ / cfˆgf] hUuf c¿nfO{ rng ug{ lbPsf] %!$ 3/kl/jf/ /x]sf] 5 . ;a} s[lif
k|of]hgsf] hdLg x'g] kl/jf/n] s[lif sd{ u/]sf] 5}gg\ eg] s[lif k|of]hgsf] hdLg gx'g] kl/jf/n] klg
c¿sf] hdLgdf v]lt ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . d"nt o; tYofÍn] s[lif k|of]hgsf] hdLgsf] k"0f{¿kdf
;b'kof]u eO{ lbuf] pTkfbgzLn sfddf k|of]u ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ OlËt ub{5 . klxnf]
s'/f jf:tljs s[lif sd{df ;+nUg kl/jf/n] hdLgsf] ;xL ;b'kof]u ug{ kfpg'kb{5 eg] bf];|f] s[lif
of]Uo hdLgnfO{ hdLgsf] :t/cg';f/ afnLgfnL nufO{ ;b'kof]u ug'{kb{5 .

s[lifsf] nflu hUuf÷hdLg ;DaGwL ljj/0f

2904

3000

2500

2000

1500 947

541
1000

500

0
cfkm\gf] hdLg cfkm}n] c?sf] hUuf cfkm'n] rng cfkm\gf] hUuf c?n] rng
ef]urng u/]sf] u/]sf] u/]sf]

$=!$=# v]tLkftLdf pkof]u ePsf] hUuf hdLgsf] cfsf/sf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 46 M v]tLkftLdf pkof]u ePsf] hUuf hdLgsf] cfsf/sf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
!) x]= eGbf
j8f )=! – )=% x]= )=% – ! x]= !–@ x]= @– % x]= %– !) x]= hDdf
a9L

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 87

 !) x]= eGbf
j8f )=! – )=% x]= )=% – ! x]= !–@ x]= @– % x]= %– !) x]= hDdf
a9L
1 3 2 0 0 0 1 6
2 2 1 0 0 0 0 3
3 1 3 4 0 0 0 8
4 3 0 0 0 0 0 3
5 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
6 15 5 3 2 0 0 25
7 5 3 0 1 0 0 9
8 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
9 0 0 4 1 0 0 5
10 5 2 0 0 0 0 7
11 43 8 4 5 2 2 64
12 402 65 23 3 2 5 500
13 179 21 8 3 1 1 213
14 475 136 29 2 4 0 646
15 516 113 19 9 6 3 666
16 434 186 52 12 8 0 692
17 67 42 16 3 1 0 129
18 301 133 46 19 1 1 501
19 643 205 50 9 4 1 912
hDdf 3097 925 258 69 29 14 4392
k|ltzt 70.51 21.06 5.87 1.57 0.66 0.32 100.00
;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] s[lifof]Uo hdLgsf] 3/kl/jf/ cg';f/ cfwf x]S6/eGbf sd hdLgdf v]tL
u/L lgjf{x ug]{ 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof #,)(& cyf{t\ &)=%! k|ltzt, cfwf x]S6/b]lv ! x]S6/ hdLgdf
v]tL ug]{ 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof (@% cyf{t\ @!=)^ k|ltzt, ! x]S6/ b]lv @ x]S6/ hdLgdf v]tL ug]{sf]
3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof @%* cyf{t\ %=*& k|ltzt, @ x]S6/ b]lv % x]S6/ v]tLug]{ 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof ^(
cyf{t !=%& k|ltzt, % b]lv !) x]S6/ hdLgdf v]tL ug]{sf] 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof @( cyf{t )=^^
k|ltzt / !) x]S6/ eGbf dfly hdLgdf v]tL ug]{ 3/ kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof !$ cyf{t )=#@ k|ltzt
/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf], efu $, wf/f %! -ª_@_ adf]lhd æcg'kl:yt e"–:jfldTjnfO{
lg¿T;flxt ub}{ hUufsf] rSnfaGbL u/L pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug]{Æ /fHosf] s[lif tyf e"ld;'wf/
gLlt cg';f/ hUuf afFemf] /fVg] k|j[ltnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ Jofj;flos / gfkmfd"ns s[lifdf hf]8 lbg'
cfjZos b]lvG5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 88

 v]tLkftLdf pkof]u ePsf] hUuf hdLgsf] cfsf/sf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljt/0f

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
)=)! x] – )=% )=% x]= – ! x]= ! x]= – @ x]= @ x]= – % x]= % x]= – !) x]= !) x]= eGbf
x]= a9L

$=!$=$ s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf] hUuf hdLg l;+rfO ;'ljwf;DaGwL ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 47 M s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf] hUuf hdLg l;+rfO ;'ljwf;DaGwL ljj/0f
l;+lrt hUufsf] If]qkmn -x]=_ cl;+lrt hUufsf] If]qkmn -x]=_
hDdf
j8f k|ltlk/jf/ k|ltlk/jf/
;+Vof hDdf If]qkmn ;+Vof hDdf If]qkmn If]qkmn -x]=_
cf}ift hdLg cf}ift hdLg
1 6 15.68 2.61 6 0.00 0.00 15.68

2 3 1.04 0.35 3 0.00 0.00 1.04

3 8 7.01 0.88 8 1.63 0.20 8.63

4 3 0.72 0.24 3 0.00 0.00 0.72

5 2 0.07 0.03 2 0.00 0.00 0.07

6 25 16.01 0.64 25 2.73 0.11 18.74

7 9 6.91 0.77 9 0.20 0.02 7.11

8 1 0.07 0.07 1 0.00 0.00 0.07

9 5 9.04 1.81 5 0.71 0.14 9.75

10 7 2.45 0.35 7 0.02 0.00 2.47

11 64 57.89 0.90 64 18.04 0.28 75.93

12 500 175.74 0.35 500 36.22 0.07 211.96

13 213 51.57 0.24 213 27.16 0.13 78.73

14 646 260.86 0.40 646 3.28 0.01 264.14

15 666 247.66 0.37 666 52.13 0.08 299.79

16 692 191.07 0.28 692 192.77 0.28 383.84

17 129 78.24 0.61 129 2.30 0.02 80.55

18 501 281.98 0.56 501 3.19 0.01 285.17

19 912 392.71 0.43 912 6.13 0.01 398.84

hDdf 4392 1796.71 0.41 4392 346.52 0.08 2143.23

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 89

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf s[lif k|of]hgsf] hdLg ePsf jf s[lif k|of]hgsf] hdLg ef]urng ug]{
kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof $,#(@ /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L s"n !&(@=&! x]S6/ l;+lrt hdLg pkof]u ug]{ kl/jf/
;+Vof $,#(@ /x]sf] 5 h;df k|ltkl/jf/ cf}ift )=$! x]= hdLg x'g cfp5 . To:t} s"n #$^=%@
x]S6/ cl;+lrt hdLg pkef]u ug]{ kl/jf/ $,#(@ /x]sf] 5 h;df k|ltkl/jf/ cf}ift )=)* x]= hdLg
x'g cfp5 . cl;+lrt hdLgsf] x'g' / l;+lrt hdLgsf] ;xL / k"0f{ ;b'kof]u gx'Fbf vfBfGg, t/sf/L
/ cGo s[lifhGo pkhx¿ cfoft ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;n] k/lge{/tf a9fpF5 . t;y{
pkdxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ s[lif / vfBfGg pTkfbgdf cem} ;an agfpg ;s] cfly{s If]qdf pNn]Vo
;'wf/ eO{ lgof{t k|j{4g ug{ ;lsG5 . csf]{tkm{ l;FrfO ;'ljwf gk'u]sf] s[lif of]Uo hdLgdf ;'ljwf
k'¥ofpg kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'Ug g;Sg] :yfgx¿df 8fn]3fF;, kmnkm'n v]lt jf
s[lifsf sd l;FrfO jf l;FrfO cfjZos gkg]{ j}slNks pTkfbg x'g] ljlwx¿ ckgfO{ hdLgsf]
;b'kof]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
tflnsf g+= 48 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf l;+rfO{ cfof]hgfsf] ljj/0f
j8f l;+rfO{sf] l;+rfO{sf] nfeflGjt
cfof]hgfsf] gfd l;+lrt If]q -x]=_
g+= dfWod pknJwtf 3/w'/L
11 P3f/ 6kfx, kfFr df}hf s'nf] @) lj3f jif}{e/L 265

12 gofufpF, e}/xjf s'nfkfgL s'nf] sl/a !)) x]= jif}{e/L 1000

14 v8\jf s'nfkfgL l;+rfO{ Joj:yf ;ldlt gx/ !^%) ljufxf jif}{e/L 4500

15 rf/tkfxf l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf s'nf] jif}{e/L 1500

15 e"dLut hn;|f]t ljsf; ;ldlt l8k af]l/Ë df};dL 51

16 sk/sl§ a}7f}lnof l;FrfO{ s'nf] @%) x]S6/ df};dL 1000

16 l8kaf]l/Ë -8x/ufpF_ kfOk !)) x]S6/ jif}{e/L 350

16 :ofnf] 6\o"j]n -ljleGg :yfg_ s"nf] &% x]S6/ jif}{e/L 250

16 ;]dnf/ l;+rfO{ kfOk

17 kfFrdf}hf tkfxf gx/ %)) x]S6/ jif{}e/L 400

18 hn pkef]Qmf ;ldlt j]n g+= @! gx/ !)) x]S6/ jif{}e/L 195

18 p=kf]v/faf/L e"dLut hn kl/of]hgf gx/, s'nf] $% x]S6/ jif}{e/L 90

19
;f}/fxLo l8k 6\o"j]n hn pkef]Qmf
;d'x

$=!$=% s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf] hUuf hdLg;DaGwL ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 49 M s[lif k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf] hUuf hdLg;DaGwL ljj/0f

hdLg ePsf] jf ef]urng ug]{ hdLg ef]urng ug]{ hDdf hUufsf] If]qkmn -x]_
j8f
kl/jf/ kl/jf/
hDdf If]qkmn k|ltlk/jf/ cf}ift hdLg
1 6 4 15.68 2.61

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 90

 hdLg ePsf] jf ef]urng ug]{ hdLg ef]urng ug]{ hDdf hUufsf] If]qkmn -x]_
j8f
kl/jf/ kl/jf/
hDdf If]qkmn k|ltlk/jf/ cf}ift hdLg
2 3 1 1.04 0.35

3 8 2 8.63 1.08

4 3 3 0.72 0.24

5 2 2 .07 0.03

6 25 5 18.74 0.75

7 9 6 7.11 0.79

8 1 1 0.07 0.07

9 5 3 9.75 1.95

10 7 4 2.47 0.35

11 64 49 75.93 1.19

12 500 401 211.96 0.42

13 213 194 78.73 0.37

14 646 577 264.14 0.41

15 666 593 299.79 0.45

16 692 619 383.84 0.55

17 129 110 80.55 0.62

18 501 466 285.17 0.57

19 912 811 398.84 0.44

hDdf 4392 3851 2143.23 0.49

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cfˆg} :jfldTjdf s[lifof]Uo hdLg ePsf s'n 3/kl/jf/ $,#(@ dWo]
#,*%! 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] hdLg v]tLkftLsf] nflu k|of]u ePsf] 5 . h'g x]S6/df @,!$#=@# x]S6/ x'g
cfpF5 . j8fcg';f/ lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 91

 v]tLof]Uo hdLgsf] pkof]usf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljt/0f
2000
1800
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1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

hldg ePsf] jf ef]urng ug]{ kl/jf/ hldg ef]urng ug]{ kl/jf/ hDdf If]qkmn

$=!$=^ s[lif pTkfbgdf cfa4 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 50 M s[lif pTkfbgdf cfa4 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
s[lifdf cfj4 ePsf] s[lifdf cfj4 gePsf]
j8f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
1 6 1.5% 390 98.5% 396

2 9 .8% 975 99.2% 984

3 52 3.8% 1299 96.2% 1351

4 9 1.1% 793 98.9% 802

5 2 .5% 366 99.5% 368

6 23 2.6% 872 97.4% 895

7 32 2.1% 1491 97.9% 1523

8 30 2.2% 1307 97.8% 1337

9 13 1.6% 824 98.4% 837

10 21 3.0% 687 97.0% 708

11 112 1.6% 6980 98.4% 7092

12 511 21.1% 1914 78.9% 2425

13 301 11.1% 2421 88.9% 2722

14 558 57.0% 421 43.0% 979

15 572 61.6% 356 38.4% 928

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 92

 s[lifdf cfj4 ePsf] s[lifdf cfj4 gePsf]
j8f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
16 516 80.2% 127 19.8% 643

17 245 18.2% 1102 81.8% 1347

18 414 75.1% 137 24.9% 551

19 723 76.2% 226 23.8% 949

hDdf 4149 15.5% 22688 84.5% 26837

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

cfˆg} :jfldTjsf] hdLgdf xf];\ jf csf{sf] hdLg, v]tLkftLdf ;+nUg s'n 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof
$,!$( cyf{t\ !%=% k|ltzt / c;+nUg 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof @@,^** cyf{t\ *$=% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
o; dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L v]tLkftLdf ;+nUg 3/kl/jf/x¿ &@# j8f g+= !( df / sd 3/kl/jf/x¿ %
j8f g+= @ df /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] sf/0f s[lifdf ck]Iffs[t cfDbfgL gx'g' / cGo k]zf / /f]huf/Lsf
cj;/x¿ ;d]t j[l4 x'g' x'g\ . j8fcg';f/ lj:t[t ljj/0f dflysf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

s[lif pTkfbgdf cfa4 3/w'/Lsf] ljt/0f

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

pTkfbgdf cfa4 ePsf] pTkfbgdf cfa4 gePsf]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 93

$=!$=& s[lif afnL pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_
tflnsf g+= 51 M s[lif afnL pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_
j8f g+=
afnL ;d"x hDdf
1 2 3 4 5 6 & * ( !) !! !@ !# !$ !% !^ !& !* !(
pTkfbg ePsf] 6 6 50 9 2 23 24 29 8 20 108 419 277 553 535 510 238 412 721 3950
cGg 0 2 2 0 0 0 8 2 5 1 7 92 24 5 37 6 7 2 2 202
pTkfbg gePsf]
afnL
hDdf 6 8 52 9 2 23 32 31 13 21 115 511 301 558 572 516 245 414 723 4152

bfn pTkfbg ePsf] 1 1 8 1 0 2 2 2 3 6 17 188 77 373 393 329 93 156 322 1974
afnL pTkfbg gePsf] 5 7 44 8 2 21 30 29 10 15 98 323 224 185 179 187 152 258 401 2178
hDdf 6 8 52 9 2 23 32 31 13 21 115 511 301 558 572 516 245 414 723 4152
pTkfbg ePsf] 0 1 8 0 0 3 7 3 3 4 13 205 24 272 446 375 4 206 122 1696
t]n
pTkfbg gePsf] 6 7 44 9 2 20 25 28 10 17 102 306 277 286 126 141 241 208 601 2456
afnL
hDdf 6 8 52 9 2 23 32 31 13 21 115 511 301 558 572 516 245 414 723 4152
pTkfbg ePsf] 1 2 4 1 0 3 4 1 1 5 13 231 79 249 461 391 93 135 285 1959
t/af/L 5 6 48 8 2 20 28 30 12 16 102 280 222 309 111 125 152 279 438 2193
pTkfbg gePsf]
afnL
hDdf 6 8 52 9 2 23 32 31 13 21 115 511 301 558 572 516 245 414 723 4152
pTkfbg ePsf] 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 9 223 61 137 445 340 66 59 315 1661
d;nf 6 7 51 8 2 22 32 31 13 19 106 288 240 421 127 176 179 355 408 2491
pTkfbg gePsf]
afnL
hDdf 6 8 52 9 2 23 32 31 13 21 115 511 301 558 572 516 245 414 723 4152
pTkfbg ePsf] 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 5 21 4 2 157 101 22 1 95 413
kmnkm"n 6 8 50 9 2 23 31 30 13 20 110 490 297 556 415 415 223 413 628 3739
pTkfbg gePsf]
afnL
hDdf 6 8 52 9 2 23 32 31 13 21 115 511 301 558 572 516 245 414 723 4152

cGo pTkfbg ePsf] 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 2 1 102 62 0 1 1 186

s[lif pTkfbg gePsf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

afnL hDdf 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 2 1 102 62 0 1 1 186

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 94

o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf v]tLkftLdf ;+nUg s'n 3/kl/jf/dWo] #,(%) 3/ kl/jf/n] cGgafnL, !,(&$
3/ kl/jf/n] bnxgafnL, !,^(^ 3/ kl/jf/n] t]nxg afnL, !,(%( 3/ kl/jf/n] t/sf/LafnL, !,^^! 3/
kl/jf/n] d;nfafnL, $!# 3/kl/jf/n] kmnkm"n / afFlsn] cGo afnL nufpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ;du|
tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ k/Dk/fut ¿kdf cGg afnL eg] em08} ;a} 3/kl/jf/x¿n] nufpg] u/]sf]
b]lvof] t/ kmnkm"n, t]nxg, gub]afnL / t/sf/L h:tf] v]tLug]{ 3/kl/jf/x¿ eg] pNn]Vo ¿kdf sd
b]lvG5 . o; tYofÍn] k/Dk/fut lgjf{xd"vL v]tLkftLdf u|fdL0f cy{tGq ;Lldt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . kmnkm"n,
t/sf/L / cGo gub]afnLsf] j}1flgs / Joj;flos v]tLaf6 pj{/ hdLgsf] k"0f{ ;b'kof]u u/L lgof{t
k|j4{g ug{ ;s]dfq u|fdL0f cy{tGq ;an x'g] b]lvG5 . o;sf nflu pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] a[xt s[lif
ljsf; u'¿of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L o'jf s[ifs tyf cGo s[ifsx¿nfO{ Joj;flos 9+un] clws kmfObf x'g]
vfnsf gub]afnL, kmnkm"n tyf t/sf/L afnLdf cfsif{0f u/L s[lif ljdf, ljpljhgdf ;x'lnot,
ahf/Ls/0fsf] Joj:yf, sf]N8 :6f]/, tflnd, ls6gfzs tyf dnvfbsf] pknAwtf h:tf ljifox¿df
:yfgLo ;/sf/n] Wofg k'¥ofpg' h¿/L 5 . s[lif;DaGwL yk ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

s[lif afnL pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljt/0f

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3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
cGgafnL bngafnL t]nafnL t/sf/LafnL d;nf afnL kmnk'mn cGo
afnL

pTkfbg ePsf] pTkfbg gePsf]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 95

$=!$=* s[lifhGo afnL laqmLsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_
tflnsf g+= 52 M s[lifhGo afnL ljqmLsf cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f -ax'pQ/df cfwfl/t_
वडा नं.
afnL ;d"x जम्मा
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
laqmL ePsf] 2 1 12 3 1 6 5 7 4 1 39 42 15 169 183 258 158 208 279 1393
cGg afnL
laqmL gePsf] 4 5 38 6 1 17 19 22 4 19 69 377 262 384 352 252 80 204 442 2557
hDdf 6 6 50 9 2 23 24 29 8 20 108 419 277 553 535 510 238 412 721 3950
laqmL ePsf] 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 10 3 19 11 6 16 18 11 98
bnxg 1 1 8 1 0 1 1 2 3 6 15 178 74 354 382 323 77 138 311 1876
laqmL gePsf]
afnL
hDdf 1 1 8 1 0 2 2 2 3 6 17 188 77 373 393 329 93 156 322 1974
laqmL ePsf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 3 18 5 0 14 0 45
t]nxg 0 1 8 0 0 3 6 3 2 4 13 202 24 269 428 370 4 192 122 1651
laqmL gePsf]
afnL
hDdf 0 1 8 0 0 3 7 3 3 4 13 205 24 272 446 375 4 206 122 1696
laqmL ePsf] 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 12 4 10 4 10 2 3 4 52
t/sf/L 1 2 4 0 0 3 3 1 1 5 12 219 75 239 457 381 91 132 281 1907
laqmL gePsf]
afnL
hDdf 1 2 4 1 0 3 4 1 1 5 13 231 79 249 461 391 93 135 285 1959
laqmL ePsf] 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 3 4 6 0 0 10 31
d;nf 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 8 218 60 134 441 334 66 59 305 1630
laqmL gePsf]
afnL
hDdf 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 9 223 61 137 445 340 66 59 315 1661
laqmL ePsf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 1 8 0 3 0 4 21
kmnkm"n 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 3 18 4 1 149 101 19 1 91 392
laqmL gePsf]
afnL
hDdf 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 5 21 4 2 157 101 22 1 95 413
laqmL ePsf] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 1 2 10 0 0 0 19
cGo s[lif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
laqmL gePsf]
afnL
hDdf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 1 2 10 0 0 0 19

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 96

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf vfBfGg afnL v]tL ug]{ s"n 3/kl/jf/ dWo]af6 cfkm"n] k|of]u u/L a9L ePsf]
cGg a]Rg]sf] ;+Vof !,#(# 3/kl/jf/ /x]sf] 5 eg] @,%%& 3/kl/jf/n] vfBfGg afnLsf] laqmL ub}{gg\ .
o;sf sf/0f cj}1flgs / k/Dk/fut s[lif k|0ffnL lgjf{xd'vL v]tL, pBdlzntf / Joj;flos
;f]rsf] Go'gtf h:tf sf/0fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] sf/0f ;Lldt hdLg / Go"g kl/df0fsf] pTkfbg g}
xf] . To;}u/L bnxg afnLsf] v]tLug]{ !,(&$ dWo] hDdf (* 3/kl/jf/n] dfq bnxg afnL laqmL ug{]
u/]sf] kfOG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf t]nxg afnLsf] v]tL ug]{ hDdf !,^(^ 3/kl/jf/x¿dWo] $%
3/kl/jf/n] dfq laqmL ug{] u/]sf] kfOG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf s[lifhGo pTkfbgdWo] t/sf/L
afnLsf] laqmL ;d]t ;Gtf]ifhgs b]lvb}g . t/sf/L afnLsf] v]tL ug]{ hDdf !,(%( 3/kl/jf/x¿dWo]
%@ kl/jf/x¿n] t/sf/LafnL a]Rg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;du|df s[lifhGo pTkfbg Joj;flos geO{
k|foh;f] 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf] nflu dfq pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L d;nf afnLsf] pTkfbg
ug]{ 3/ kl/jf/ dWo] #!, kmnkm"n afnL @! / cGo afnL !( 3/ kl/jf/n] laqmL ug{] u/]sf] kfOof] .
clwsf+z 3/kl/jf/n] afnL laqmL gug'{ / 7"nf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf ls;fgx¿n] v]tL g} gug'{sf] k|d'v
sf/0fdf k|fljlws 1fgsf] sdL, ahf/Ls/0f, jLpljhg tyf k/Dk/fut ;f]rsf] v]tL k|0ffnL x'g
;S5g\ . t;y{ cfwf/e"t s[lif k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; dfkm{t pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj j[l4, s[lifhGo
pkhx¿sf] Joj;foLs/0f / ahf/Ls/0f, s[lif ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/, k|;f/ / tflnd nufot u'0f:t/
lgodg, dfgj tyf kz' /f]u Joj:yfkg Pjd\ ljkb\ Joj:yfkg tyf ;r]tgf h:tf 7f]; sfo{qmdsf]
sfof{Gjog dfkm{t\ s[lif If]qsf] k'g¿Tyfg ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf 5 .

s[lif pTkfbg laqmL ug{] 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
cGg afnL bnxg afnL t]nxg afnL t/sf/L afnL d;nf afnL kmnk"mn afnL cGo afnL
ljqmL ug]{ ljqmL gug]{

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 97

$=!% afnL kfqf]
tflnsf g+= 53 M afnL kfqf]
qm=;+= afnL afnL nufpg] ;do afnL leq\ofpg] ;do
1 wfg jif]{ h]i7÷cfiff9 c;f]h÷sflt{s
2 ds} h]i7÷cfiff9 ebf}÷c;f]h
3 ds} a;Gt] df3÷kmfNu'g h]i7÷j}zfv
4 ux'F sflt{s÷d+l;/ r}q÷j}zfv
5 tf]/L c;f]h÷sflt{s df3÷kmfNu'g
6 cfn' c;f]h÷sflt{s df3÷kmfNu'g
7 d;'/f] sflt{s÷d+l;/ kmfNu'g÷r}q
8 pv' df3÷kmfNu'g kf}if÷df3
9 rgf c;f]h÷sflt{s kmfNu'g÷r}q
10 ds} lxpFb]±tf]/L c;f]h÷sflt{s kf}if÷df3
11 ;'o{d'vL df3÷kmfNu'g h]i7÷cfiff9
12 t/sf/L jif{] h]i7÷cfiff9 ebf}÷c;f]h
13 t/sf/L lxpFb] ebf}÷c;f]h d+l;/÷k';
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

$=!^ s[lif ahf/Ls/0f

k/Dk/fut s[lif ahf/Ls/0fdf pTkfbsx¿n] c;+u7Lt ¿kdf cfˆgf] pkhsf] cfkm}F ahf/Ls/0f ug]{
rng lyof] t/ kl5Nnf lbgdf ljljw vfn] ahf/ z[ª\vnf kf/ ub}{ s[lif pkhx¿sf] ahf/Ls/0f ug{]
k|rng ljsf; x'g yfn]sf] 5 .gu/ lgdf{0fsf k|f/lDes lbgb]lv oxfFsf s[lifhGo j:t' ahf/Ls/0fsf
ljleGg vfnsf 9fFrfx¿ cEof;df cfPsf 5g\ . oBlk cfh;Dd klg Jojl:yt s[lif ahf/ lgdf{0f
eO{ g;s] klg aGg] / agfpg] lbzfdf ePsf k|oTgx¿n] s[lif ahf/sf] qmlds ljsf;df 6]jf
k'¥ofPsf 5g\ .xfn;Dd ahf/Ls/0f 9fFrfdf ljleGg s[lif ahf/Ls/0fsf df]8nx¿ ljsf; / cEof;
ePsf] b]lvG5 .s[lif pkh ahf/Ls/0fsf 9fFrfx¿n] Psn] csf]{nfO{ lj:yfkg u/]sf 5}gg\, t/ Psn]
csf{sf] ljsf; ug{] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f u/]sf eg] kSs} 5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljleGg xf6
ahf/x¿af6 s[lif nufot cGo j:t'x¿sf] -t/sf/L, cfn', kmnkm"n tyf df5f_ ahf/Ls/0f x'g] u/]sf]
b]lvG5 .
$=!^=! s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f÷s[lif ;d"xsf] ljj/0f
g]kfn h:tf] c;+ul7t pTkfbg k|0ffnL ePsf] b]zdf ;xsf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cfkm}df Ps a/bfg x'g
;S5 . ;xsf/Ln] ;+ul7t eP/ Ps cfk;df ;xof]u cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ cfwf/ tof/ ub{5 . s[lif
;xsf/Lx¿n] u|fdL0f ;fgf ls;fgsf sd{ / pTkfbgx¿nfO{ ;+ul7t ug{ 7'nf] d2t k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy}
;+ul7t eP/ sfd ubf{ ls;fgx¿sf] cfTdan j[l4 eO{ u|fdL0f s[lif cy{tGqnfO{ dfly p7fpg d2t
k'Ub5 .s[ifsn] :yfgLo :t/df ef]u]sf ;d:ofx¿sf] ;fd'lxs ;dfwfg vf]Hg], Ps cfk;df ;xof]u
cfbfg–k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yfut ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ ;xh x'g] / pTkflbt ;fdfgx¿sf] ahf/Ls/0f ug{

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 98

;d]t cfotg k'¥ofpg ;xh x'g] x'Fbf o:tf ;d"xx¿ ljz]ifu/L ;fgf ls;fgx¿sf nflu cToGt
k|efjsf/L x'G5g\ .
tflnsf g+= 54 M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s[lif ;xs/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f
z]o/ ;b:o ;+Vof
s|=; ;xsf/Lsf] gfd j8f g+ M
dlxnf k'¿if
1 /f/f s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 6 363 0
2 k|l;4 s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 6 87 57
3 ;fO{s[kf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 7 93 72
4 ;x'lnot s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 11 238 114
5 cnsfk'/L s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 11 183 135
6 lxdfnL s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 11 104 103
7 ldt]/L s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 11 140 153
8 rlDsnf] s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 11 161 88
9 sf}l6No s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 11 25 76
10 kfg; s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 11 94 65
11 b'/bzL{ dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 11 609 0
12 nfnl6g s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 11 722 859
13 ;tu9L s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 12 105 101
14 :df6{ s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 12 7 23
15 9lsof s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 14 439 207
16 efijt s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 14 47 43
17 ;Dk'0f{ dlxnf s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 17 342
18 l;d|Ls s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 17 101 263
19 df]ltk'/ s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf 18 148 18

hDdf 4008 2377

;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

-s_ s[ifs ;d"xsf] ljj/0f

k/Dk/fut s[lifsf] Joj;flos/0f tyf cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ clxn] ljleGg s[lif ;d"xx¿ ;~rflnt
5g\ . o;n] s[lif Joj;fonfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{'sf] ;fy} s[lif Joj;fodf s]xL ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿ lbFb}
Joj;foLx¿nfO{ phf{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . s[ifs ;d"xsf] ljj/0fn] s'g} klg pkdxfgu/kflnsf s[lif
If]qdf /x]sf] s[ifssf] ;+nUgtf / s[lif lqmofsnfksf] cj:yfsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf] ;fy} cfufdL
lbgx¿df s] s:tf sfo{qmdx¿ Nofpg cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;xh agfp5 / o;n] s[lif k|wfg
b]z g]kfnsf] s[lif If]qsf] ;'wf/ u/L cfly{s ljsf;df 6]jf k'U5 .
$=!^=@ s[lif pkh ;+sng s]Gb| tyf 8]/Lx¿sf] ljj/0f
7'nf]:t/sf] s[lif pTkfbg tyf ;+sng s]Gb|sf] Joj:yf gePsf] u|fdL0f kl/j]zdf ;fgf] kl/df0fdf
pTkfbg x'g] pkhx¿nfO{ ljleGg kfos kg{] :yfgx¿df ;+sng s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf ljsf; ubf{
ahf/Ls/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'Ub5 . o;/L ljleGg :yfgdf ;+sng s]Gb|sf] ljsf; ubf{ Jofkfl/x¿nfO{

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 99

lglZrt :yfgaf6 lglZrt kl/df0fdf pkhx¿df vl/b ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] x'Fbf o;n] ahf/ k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u k'Ub5 .
$=!^=# lr:ofg s]Gb|, e08f/0f s]Gb| tyf 8]/Lx¿sf] ljj/0f
s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 ug'{ hlt h¿/L 5 Tolt g} pTkflbt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;"/lIft e08f/0f ug'{ h¿/L
x'G5 . plrt 9Ën] e08f/0f ubf{ s[lif pkhdf /x]sf] kf]ifs tTjnfO{ sfod /fVg ;d]t d2t k'Ub5 .
e08f/0f j}1flgs gx'Fbf Psftkm{ pTkflbt pkhsf] u'0f:t/ sdhf]/ x'g] / gi6 x'g];d]t x'g hfG5
t;y{ s[lif pkhnfO{ j}1flgs tj/n] e08f/0f u/L a]df};ddf ;d]t ahf/df pknAwtf eP ahf/
d"No ;Gt'ngdf /fVg ;xof]u k'Ub5 . o;sf nflu cfjZostfsf cfwf/df ljleGg :yfgdf lr:ofg
s]Gb|, e08f/0f s]Gb| / 8]/Lx¿ :yfkgf ug{' cfjZos 5 .
$=!^=$ s[lif ks]6 If]qsf] ljj/0f
g]kfndf ef}uf]lns ljljwtfsf sf/0fn] hnjfo'df 7'nf] ljljwtf /x]sf] 5 . df6f]sf]] agfj6 ;d]t
:yfg lkR5] km/s–km/s /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ Ps k|sf/sf] hnjfo' / df6f]df x'g] lj¿jf csf]{ k|sf/sf]
hnjfo' / df6f]df x'Fb}g . csf]{ leGg k|sf/sf] lj¿jf x'g] ub{5 . o;}sf sf/0f :yfg ljz]if s[lif
pkh ks]6 If]q lgwf{/0f u/L To:tf :yfgx¿df ;3g¿kdf hnjfo' pko'Qm afnLgfnLx¿ nufpg]
gLlt g]kfn ;/sf/n] lnPsf] 5 . o:tf ks]6 If]qx¿n] s'g} klg :yfgsf] pkh ljz]if klxrfg
:yflkt ug{ ;d]t 7'nf] ;xof]u k'Ub5 .
ks]6 If]q eGgfn] /fli6«o cfjZostf / :yfgLo ;+efJotfsf cfwf/df tf]lsPsf] afnL÷ j:t'df
Go'gtd !) x]S6/ hdLgdf lhNnf :t/df ;~rfng u/]sf] ;fgf Joj;flos pTkfbg s]Gb|nfO{
a'lemG5 . o;sf] k|d'v p2]Zo ks]6df ;dfj]z ul/Psf afnL÷j:t'sf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj j[l4
ug'{sf] ;fy} ks]6 If]qdf df};dL /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug'{ xf] . s[lif dGqfnon] :yfgLo ;+efJotfsf]
cfwf/df ;8ssf] kxF'r, l;FrfO{sf] pknAwtf, ljB'tsf] pknAwtf, tf]lsPsf] If]qkmn rSnfaGbL
ePsf] Pp6} sf]]l/8f]/df /x]sf] s[lif afnL÷Joj;flos pTkfbg If]qnfO{ s[lif ks]6 If]q elgG5 . s[lif
tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfnon] kl/jlt{t g]kfnsf] ;+/rgf cg';f/ & k|b]zdf ;+efljt Joj;flos
s[lif pTkfbg s]Gb| -ks]6 If]q_ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 .kxf8, t/fO{ / lxdfnL lhNnfx¿df afnLsf] k|s[lt
cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs÷lghL ;fem]bf/Ldf ks]6 If]q 3f]if0ff eO{/x]sf] 5 ./fli6«o:t/df s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;
ug{ ks]6 If]q cjwf/0ff cg';f/ s[lif pTkfbg a9fpg] nIo /flvPsf] 5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf s[lif k]zf cufNg] kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof pRr /x]sf] 5 . s[lif k]zfdf ;+nUg >d
zlQm pRr /x]sf] o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf s[lif Joj;fonfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ p2]Zon]
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljleGg If]qnfO{ s[lif ks]6 If]qsf] ¿kdf ljsf; u/L gub] afnL, t/sf/L,
kmnkm'n, vfBfGg, df}/L kfng, lrof, ;'Gtnf, pv'h:tf s[lif pTkfbgsf] j[l4 ug{ ;Sg] k|;:t
;+Defjgf b]lvG5 . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ks]6 If]qsf] ljj/0f lgDgcg';f/ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 55 M s[lif ks]6 If]qsf] ljj/0f
qm= ;+= Joj;flos ks]6 If]q 7]ufgf -j8f g+= ;lxt_
! wfg, ux''F, tf]/L a'6jn !%

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 100

qm= ;+= Joj;flos ks]6 If]q 7]ufgf -j8f g+= ;lxt_
@ k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgf ks]6 If]q a'6jn !&
# wfgafnL Ans sfo{qmd a'6jn !*, kf]v/fjf/L
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

$=!^=% s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f kl/of]hgfx¿sf] ljj/0f

k/Dk/fut / lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLn] y]u]sf] g]kfnsf] s[lif If]qdf Jofks¿kdf cfw'lgsLs/0f ug'{
68\sf/f] cfjZostf 5 . /fHon] ;d]t ljleGg gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿ dfkm{t s[lifdf cfw'lgsLs/0f ug]{
of]hgf to u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] pbfx/0f b]zsf ljleGg :yfgx¿ ;~rflnt k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f
kl/of]hgfx¿ xg\ . oL afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf cGo /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n]
s[lif cfw'lgsLs/0f;DaGwL k|ljlw leœofpg] sfd ul//x]sf] kfOG5 . cfhsf] o"udf s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f
ljgf pTkfbg nfutdf sdL NofO{ Joj;flos pTkfbg ug{ sl7g / c;Dej x'G5 .
$=!^=^ s[lif d]nf tyf k|b{zgLx¿sf] ljj/0f
ljleGg ;dodf cfof]hgf x'g] s[lif d]nf tyf s[lif k|b{zgLx¿n] Psftkm{ s[lif ahf/Ls/0fnfO{ Jofks
;xof]u k'¥ofpF5g\ eg] csf]{tkm{ ls;fgx¿sf] cfTdan ;d]t j[l4 x'g uO{ s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u
k'¥ofpF5 . :yfgLo txx¿n] s[ifs tyf Jofkf/Lx¿sf] ;xsfo{df k|To]s jif{ lgoldt¿kdf o; k|sf/sf
s[lif d]nf tyf k|b{zgLx¿sf] cfof]hgf ubf{ jflif{s s[lif ultljlw;DaGwL kfqf]sf] lgdf{0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
$=!& ko{6g ljsf;
Pp6f ljlzi6 ef}uf]lns ;+/rgfn] >[hgf u/]sf] xfjfkfgL, hghLjg, jg, jg:klt / jGohGt' tyf
;fF:s[lts ljljwtfsf] sf/0f g]kfn ljZjdf g} Pp6f lrQfsif{0f ko{6sLo uGtJo :ynsf] ¿kdf
kl/lrt 5 . ko{6g xfd|f] nflu k|s[ltn] k|bfg u/]sf] j/bfg xf] . oL ;Dk'0f{ ko{6sLo ;Dkltsf] k"0f{
;b'kof]u u/]df b]zsf] cfly{s ;Dj[l4df pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofO{ b]zsf] cy{tGqnfO{ ;an agfpg
;lsg] lglZrt 5 . t;y{ ko{6g gLlt, @)^% n] d'ne"t¿kdf ko{6g dfkm{t :j/f]huf/ >[hgf,
ul/aL lgjf/0f, d"t{ tyf cd"t{ ;Dkbfsf] vf]h cg';Gwfg, xjfO{ tyf :yndfu{sf] yk ljsf; /
lj:tf/ ug]{ / ko{6g k"jf{wf/nfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff cg'¿k cufl8 a9fpg] p2]Zo lnPsf]
5 .pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf klg ko{6g ljsf;sf k|r'/ ;Defjgfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 101

$=!&=! d'Vo ko{6sLo If]qx¿sf] ljj/0f -wfld{s, P]ltxfl;s, ;fF:s[lts, k|fs[lts_

cg'kd k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{, k|r'/ h}ljs ljljwtf, ax'hftLo, ax'efifLo, ax'wd{ / ;fdflhs ljljwtf Pj+
a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf xl/ofnL dgf]/d b[Zox¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf
ljleGg ko{6sLo :ynx¿sf] ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 102

 gS;f g+= 1 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf wfld{s If]qx¿

tflnsf g+= 56 M ko{6sLo :ynx¿sf] ljj/0f -wfld{s÷P]ltxfl;s÷k'/ftflTjs_

;8ssf] kx'Fr :jfldTj-lghL, ljz]iftf -wfld{s, cg'dfflgt
qm=;+ wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo 7]ufgf -j8f g+= klAns ln= ;fF:s[lts, jflif{s
= :ynsf] gfd ;lxt_ -k'u]sf]÷ ;fd'bflos_ P]ltxfl;s, cfuGt's
gk'u]sf]_ ko{6sLo / cGo_ ;+Vof
1 u0f]z dlGb/ hnljgfos–! k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 7500

2 af3 e}/j dlGb/ ;dob]jL–! k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 1500

3 gf/fo0f dlGb/ e}/jf]gf/fo0f–! k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 7000

4 ;/:jtL dlGb/ j8f g+= !, k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 300

5 s[i0f]Zj/ dxfb]j dlGb/ hnljgfos–! k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 400

6 led;]g dlGb/ ;dob]jL–! k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 400

7 9]sxL e}/j dlGb/ e}/jf]gf/fo0f–! k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 1500

8 b'uf{ dlGb/ j8f g+= ! ;fd'bflos wfld{s 2500

9 ufoqL dlGb/ j8f g+= ! ;fd'bflos wfld{s 1450

10 ;'s'nafaf dlGb/ j8f g++ ! ;fd'bflos wfld{s 200

11 ltns]Zj/ dxfb]j dlGb/ j8f g+= ! ;fd'bflos wfld{s

12 /fwf s[i0f dlGb/ j8f g+= ! ;fd'bflos wfld{s
13 af}4 ljxf/ j8f g+= ! ;fd'bflos wfld{s 9000

14 /hfx d':tkmf dl:hb j8f g+= ! ;fd'bflos wfld{s 50000

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 103

 ;8ssf] kx'Fr :jfldTj-lghL, ljz]iftf -wfld{s, cg'dfflgt
qm=;+ wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo 7]ufgf -j8f g+= klAns ln= ;fF:s[lts, jflif{s
= :ynsf] gfd ;lxt_ -k'u]sf]÷ ;fd'bflos_ P]ltxfl;s, cfuGt's
gk'u]sf]_ ko{6sLo / cGo_ ;+Vof
15 led;]g dlGb/ a'6jn–@ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos ;a} 500,000

16 ;dob]jL dlGb/ a'6jn–@ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s

17 sflnsf dlGb/ a'6jn–@ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos ;a}
18 dgsfdgf dlGb/ a'6jn–@ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
19 b'uf{ dlGb/ a'6jn–@ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
20 lzjfno dlGb/ a'6jn–@ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
21 j8f g+= # k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s÷P]ltxfl;
l;4afaf wfd ljsf;
s
22 b'uf{dlGb/ j8f g+= # k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
23 b'uf{kf~rfog Hof]ltgu/–# k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
24 s[i0f k|0ffdL dlGb/ j8f g+= # k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
25 :ju{åf/L dlGb/ cfbz{gu/–$ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 30000

26 /fddlGb/ /fddlGb/–$ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 50000

27 a'4 dlGb/ nIdLgu/–$ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 30000

28 ;fO{ dlGb/ nIdLgu/–$ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 20000

29 cff]dzflGtky– k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 100000

cf]dzflGt dlGb/
$
30 ljZj lxGb" dxf;+3 sfGtLky–$ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 100000

31 z+vw/ ;fVof 6«flkms rf]s–$ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos P]ltxfl;s

32 ;fO{ dlGb/, lzjfno a'6jn–% k'u]sf] klAns wfld{s÷ko{6lso
dlGb/
33 /fwf s[i0f dlGb/ a'6jn–% k'u]sf] klAns wfld{s
34 b'uf{ dlGb/, ltgfpb]jL a'6jn–% k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
dlGb/
35 dl:hb a'6jn–% k'u]sf] wfld{s
36 l;tnf dfO{ dlGb/ a'6jn–% k'u]sf] wfld{s
37 lzjfno dlGb/ a'6jn–% k'u]sf] wfld{s
38 sflnsf dlGb/ a'6jn–^ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 5000

39 b'uf{ dlGb/ a'6jn–^ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 2000

40 a'4 dlGb/ a'6jn–^ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 400

41 zfxL/fd dlGb/ a'6jn–^ gk'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 1000

42 lgns07 afafwfd j8f g+= & k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s

43 lzjfno dlGb/ j8f g+= & k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
44 dgsfdgf dlGb/ j8f g+= & k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
45 b'uf{ dlGb/ j8f g+= & k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 104

 ;8ssf] kx'Fr :jfldTj-lghL, ljz]iftf -wfld{s, cg'dfflgt
qm=;+ wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo 7]ufgf -j8f g+= klAns ln= ;fF:s[lts, jflif{s
= :ynsf] gfd ;lxt_ -k'u]sf]÷ ;fd'bflos_ P]ltxfl;s, cfuGt's
gk'u]sf]_ ko{6sLo / cGo_ ;+Vof
46 /fwfs[i0f dlGb/ j8f g+= & k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
47 b'uf{ k~rfË dlGb/ j8f g+= & k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
48 ;TozfxL dlGb/ j8f g+= & k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
49 lxnkfs{ kl/ifb\ j8f g+= & k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos ko{6lso
50 u'¿Ë 8fF8f j8f g+= & k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos ko{6lso
51 lhj/fh cfl>t k|lti7fg j8f g+= & k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos ko{6lso
52 eutl;+x k|lti7fg j8f g+= & k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos ko{6lso
53 /fwf s[i0f dlGb/ j8f g+= * k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 3000

54 zflGt af]4 u'Daf j8f g+= * k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 1000

55 af}4 ljxf/ j8f g+= * k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 1500

56 b'uf{ dlGb/ ltgfp6fn–( k'u]sf] wfld{s 500

57 b'uf{ dlGb/ a'46fn]–( k'u]sf] wfld{s 550

58 lzj dlGb/ dgsfdgf– ( k'u]sf] wfld{s 1000

59 u0f]z dlGb/ ldngrf]s–( k'u]sf] wfld{s 1100

60 lzj dlGb/÷b]j:yn j8f g+= !! k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s, ko{6lso

61 d'StL gfy 6«; j8f g+= !@ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 200,000

62 ;'kfb]p/fnL j8f g+= !@ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 10,000

63 lzjk'/L :d[tL yfk j8f g+= !@ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 30,000

64 lht]Zj/L b'uf{ dlGb/ a'6jn–!# k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 13000 +

65 td{b]Zj/ lzjfno dlGb/ tf/f6f]n–!# k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 15000+

66 b'uf{ dlGb/ tf/f6f]n–!# k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s

67 a]njf; lzjfno dlGb/ a]naf;–!# k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 20000+

68 td' k]n' ;+3sf] u'Daf a'vn–!# k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 15000+

69 td' Xofn' 5f]1f]wL u'Daf a'vn–!# k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 50,000

70 lzj dlGb/ a'6jn–!$ sRrL ;8s ;fd'bflos wfld{s

71 b'uf{ dlGb/ a'6jn–!$ kSsL ;8s ;fd'bflos wfld{s
72 l8jf/ afaf a'6jn–!$ sRrL ;fd'bflos wfld{s
73 b'uf{ dlGb/ juLof 6f]n–!% k'u]sf] ;fd'blos wfld{s 1500

74 tNnf] rDsLk'/– k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 1700

b'uf{ dlGb/
!%
75 lzj dlGb/, u0f]z dlGb/ ef6f6f]n–!% sRrL af6f] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 1500

76 r§fg a]w]n rr{, k|sfz ef6f6f]n–!% sRrL af6f] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 1500
rr{
77 !)* j/, lkkn au}Frf d'QmLwfd tfn– sRrL af6f] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 5000

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 105

 ;8ssf] kx'Fr :jfldTj-lghL, ljz]iftf -wfld{s, cg'dfflgt
qm=;+ wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo 7]ufgf -j8f g+= klAns ln= ;fF:s[lts, jflif{s
= :ynsf] gfd ;lxt_ -k'u]sf]÷ ;fd'bflos_ P]ltxfl;s, cfuGt's
gk'u]sf]_ ko{6sLo / cGo_ ;+Vof
!%
78 g/]Zj/ af]n wfd j8f g+= !^ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos P]ltxfl;s 150000

79 a}7f}nLdf sk/sl6 tfn j8f g+= !^ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos ko{6lso

80 ;dob]jL dlGb/ j8f g+= !^ k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 3500

81 ;T;+u ejg j8f g+= !^ k'u]sf] lghL cGo 2500

82 klZrd gx/ 6f]n dlGb/ j8f g+= !& k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
83 au/ 6f]n dlGb/ j8f g+= !& k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
84 lzjfno dlGb/ j8f g+= !& k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s
85 kfs{ tyf lkslgs :yn j8f g+= !& k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos
86 lzj / b'uf{ dlGb/ ldng6f]n–!* k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 500

87 ldlnh'nL6f]n– k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 300

gx/k'/ lzjfno dlGb/
!*
88 e'8\s}of b'uf{ dlGb/ e'8\s}of–!( k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 250

89 d'St]Zj/ dxfb]j e'8\s}of–!( k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 300

90 zlgaf/L b'uf{ dlGb/ zlgaf/L–!( k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 500

91 adef]nf–!( k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s÷P]ltxfl; 1500

adef]nf lzjfno dlGb/
s
92 adef]nf b'uf{ dlGb/ adef]nf–!( k'u]sf] ;fd'bflos wfld{s 250

;|f]t M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

$=!&=@ ko{6lso k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljj/0f

s'g}klg If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu ;f] If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ;d'lrt ljsf; ug'{
clgjfo{ x'G5 . g]kfndf ko{6gsf] k|r'/ ;+efjgf eP tfklg ko{6g k"jf{wf/sf] cefjsf sf/0f ko{6g
If]qsf] Jofks ljsf;df jfwf >[hgf ePsf] 5 . ko{6g k"jf{wf/ cGtu{t ;xh oftfoft ;'ljwf,
xf]6n, nh tyf /]i6'/]G6, ko{6g ufO{8, ;"rgf s]Gb|x¿, p4f/ ;+oGq, ;~rf/, ;"/Iff tyf ko{6sLo
ultljlwx¿ g} x'g\ . ko{6gsf] ;+efjgf x]/L oL k"jf{wf/x¿sf] cfjZostfsf cfwf/df qmdz ljsf;
ug'{ ko{6g ljsf;sf nflu ckl/xfo{ 5 . a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf xf]6]n, l/;f]6{, /]i6'/]06 /
xf]d:6];DaGwL ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 57 M xf]6]n, l/;f]6{, /]i6'/]06 / xf]d:6];DaGwL ljj/0f
xf]6]nsf] k|sf/
qm=;+= xf]6]n, l/;f]6{, /]i6'/]06 / xf]d:6]sf] gfd 7]ufgf -j8f g+= ;lxt_
-cfjf;Lo, l/;f]6{, xf]d:6], /]i6'/]06, cGo_
1 xf]6]n PleGo' j8f g+= # cfjf;Lo
2 dlg{Ë l8p xf]6]n j8f g+= # cfjf;Lo
3 Nofle;nfpGh P08 af/ j8f g+= # cfjf;Lo ± af/
4 Ko"7fgL xf]6n P08 u]i6 xfp; j8f g+= & cfjf;Lo

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 106

5 ufpFn] xf]6n P08 u]i6 xfp; j8f g+= & cfjf;Lo
6 vgfn P08 u]i6 xfp; j8f g+= & cfjf;Lo
7 nfnLu'/fF; u]i6 xfp; j8f g+= & cfjf;Lo
8 l;4fy{ u]i6 xfp; j8f g+= & cfjf;Lo
9 c3f{vfFrL u]i6 xfp; j8f g+= & cfjf;Lo
10 hg;]jf u]i6 xfp; j8f g+= & cfjf;Lo
11 e§/fO{ u]i6 xfp; j8f g+= & cfjf;Lo
12 u'NdL kf08] u]i6 xfp; j8f g+= & cfjf;Lo
13 d]/Luf]N8 j8f g+= * cfjf;Lo
14 8lNkmg j8f g+= * cfjf;Lo
15 cd/kfnL, u|Lg e]nL j8f g+= * cfjf;Lo
16 l;dl/s l;d/g j8f g+= * cfjf;Lo
17 8f]N;], lbofnf], Pe/]i6 j8f g+= * cfjf;Lo
18 sf]l/og, d'lQmgfy j8f g+= * cfjf;Lo
19 dxf/fhf l/;f]6{ j8f g+= !!, unfdL ky cfjf;Lo
20 sG;]K6 kj j8f g+= !!, dxfb]j ky /]i6'/]06
21
j8f g+= !!, tNnf]
rf}tf/L /]i6'/]06 /]i6'/]06
b]jLgu/
22 s'OgNof08 xf]6n j8f g+= !& cfjf;Lo
23 s'6'Da l/;f]6{ P08 /]i6'/]06 j8f g+= !( l/;f]6{
24 Xofª cfp6 l/;f]6{ j8f g+= !( l/;f]6{
;|f]t M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

$=!* pBf]u Jofkf/ tyf a}lͪ

$=!*=! xfn ;+rflnt ;du| pBf]ux¿sf] ljj/0f
s[lifsf] ljsf; kZrft s'g} klg b]zsf] cfly{s qmflGtsf nflu cfjZos If]q eg]sf] pBf]u g} xf] .
cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf nflu /f0ffzf;g sfn b]lv g} ljleGg k|of;x¿ x'Fb} cfPtf klg cf}Bf]lus qmflGt
g} x'g] k|sf/sf 7'nf :t/sf pBf]ux¿ g]kfndf v'Ng ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ePsf pBf]ux¿ ;d]t ¿U0f x'Fb}
aGb x'g' csf]{ b'ef{Uok"0f{ cj:yf 5 . s[lifsf] ljsf; ;Fu;Fu} s[lif / :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/t
pBf]ux¿sf] :yfkgf u/L g]kfnsf pTkfbgx¿sf] pkef]u ljZj ahf/df k'¥ofpg ;s]dfq g]kfn
cltsd ljsl;t /fi6«af6 dfly p7\g] cfwf/ tof/ x'G5 . pBf]unfO{ k|j{4g ug{ :yfgLo >f]tdf
cfwfl/t ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]ux¿nfO{ plQs} k|fyldstf / k|f]T;fxg ug"{ h¿/L x'G5 .
7"nf] e"lddf lj:tf/ ePsf] ;dy/ hdLg, ef/t;+u hf]l8Psf] l;dfgf, s[lif tyf jghGo sRrf
kbfy{x¿sf] pknAwtf, k/Dk/fut tyf hfltut ;Lk, sf}zn, ko{6sLo dxTjsf :ynx¿sf]
pknAwtf nufotsf ljleGg sf/0fn] gu/df cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] /fd|f] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . a'6jn
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf clwsf+z afl;Gbfx¿ Jofkf/ tyf pBf]u, ;]jfd"ns Joj;fo, gf]s/L cflb

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 107

k]zfdf cfa4 /x]sf 5g\ . ljz]ifu/L u|fdL0f If]qsf dflg;x¿ pNn]vgLo ¿kdf cf}Bf]lus ljsf;tkm{
nflu;s]sf 5}gg\ . tyfkL, s]xL demf}nf, ;fgf tyf 3/]n' pBf]u eg] ;+rflnt 5g\ .
tflnsf g+= 58 M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf pBf]usf] ljj/0f
3§, ldn, k|zf]wg -h8La'6L, 5fnf_ tyf k|sf/ -3§, ldn, k|zf]wg,
qm=;+= 7]ufgf -j8f g+= ;lxt_
lr:ofg s]Gb|sf] gfd lr:ofg s]Gb|_
1 lzj zlQm ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL gof ;8s, j8f g++ !
2 cd[t ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL gof ;8s, j8f g++ !
3 k~re"ld cfon ldn k|zf]wg l;b]Zj/ 6f]n, j8f g++= &
4 s'6fgL lk;fgL ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL efg'ky, j8f g+= *
5 /fO; ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL gj IfLlth ky, j8f g+= *
6 eujtL cfon ldn k|zf]wg a'6jn–(, ;To e}/j 6f]n
7 >]i7 z'e nIdL cfon ldn k|zf]wg dgsfdgf–(
8 /fO{; ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL j8f g+=– !@
9 tf]/L ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL tfdgu/–!@
10 lhtul9 /fO; ldn ldn, k|zf]wg a'6jn–!#,j]naf]6
11 s'6fgL÷lk;fgL s'6fgL÷lk;fgL a'6jn–!#, gofFufpF
12 a'6jn flour ldn ldn, k|zf]wg a'6jn–!#, a]naf]6
13 /lj /fO; ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL a'6jn–!#, a]naf]6
14 rGb| /fO; ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL a'6jn–!#, a]naf]6
15 /fO; ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL /tgk'/, j8f g++ –!%
16 /fO; ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL ph]nfk'/, j8f g++–!%
17 b'w 8]/L lr:ofg s]Gb| lr:ofg s]Gb| a'6jn–!%
18 /fO; ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL a'6jn–!^, 8x/ ufpF
19 cfzf /fO; ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL a'6jn–!^, s]bnL
20 s'z'd /fO; ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL a'6jn–!^, ;]dnf/
21 cf:yf km'6\j]o/ k|zf]wg s]Gb| pQ/ kf]v/faf/L–!*
22 z+s/ /fO; ldn k|zf]wg s]Gb| pQ/ kf]v/faf/L–!*
23 dgf] /fO; ldn k|zf]wg s]Gb| pQ/ kf]v/faf/L–!*
24 9sfn /fO; ldn k|zf]wg s]Gb| ;f}/flxof –!*
25 kj{t O6f sf/vfgf k|zf]wg s]Gb| b'jf}nL–!*
26 /fO; ldn tn]Zj/ s'6fgL÷lk;fgL a'6jn–!(, e'8\s}of
27 e'iffn /fO; ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL a'6jn–!(, e'8\s}of
28 ef6f /fO; ldn s'6fgL÷lk;fgL b]lj:yfg–!(
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 108

$=!*=@ d'Vo Jofkf/sf] ljj/0f -ls/fgf yf]s, cfoft, lgof{t_
s[lif / pBf]u If]qsf] ljsf;;Fu cgf]Gofl>t ;DaGw ePsf] If]q xf] Jofkf/ . s[lif / pBf]u dfkm{t
pTkflbt ;fdu|Lx¿nfO{ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ahf/df k'¥ofpg] dfWod Jofkf/ ePsfn] Jofkf/ /
jfl0fHosf] ljsf; cToGt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . :yfgLo txx¿ cfly{s¿kn] ;an x'g :yfgLo pTkfbgdf
;an eO{ lgof{t ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf k'Ug' kb{5 . cfkm\gf] If]q eGbf aflx/ pTkflbt ;fdu|Lx¿sf]
Jofkf/ u/]/ cy{tGq dfly p7\g ;Sb}g . o;sf nflu s'g} g s'g} k|sf/n] :yfgLo pTkfbgdf s]lGb|t
eO{ o:tf pTkfbgx¿nfO{ lgof{t ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 .

$=!*=# vlgh tyf vfgL;DaGwL ljj/0f

vlgh tyf vfgLsf] cWoog / pTvgg\ ;fy} k|zf]wgsf If]qdf g]kfn cToGt k5fl8 k/]sf] 5 .
k|ljlw, hgzlQm / 7f]; of]hgfsf] cefjsf sf/0f g]kfnsf] vfgL tyf vlgh If]q em08} s'df/L
cj:yfdf g} 5 . o; If]qaf6 nfe lng :yfgLo txx¿n] cfkm\gf] If]qdf o;;DaGwL cWoog tyf
cg';Gwfg u/fpg' cfjZos 5 .
a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] vfgL;DaGwL ;DefJotf x]bf{ 9'Ëf vfgL, afn'jf vfgL, u|fe]n vfgL sf]
k|;:t ;+Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n] jftfj/0fLo / kof{j/0fLo cWoog u/]/ pQm If]qdf
pTvgg\;DaGwL sfd x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf pknAw x'g] cGo sRrf
kbfy{df /f]8f, 9'+uf, afn'jf cflb k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5 . To;}n] pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] ;+Defjgf
klxNofP/ ljleGg k|fs[lts ;fwgsf] k|zf]wg u/L pBf]usf] ljsf; tyf cy{tGqsf] alnof] ;Defjgf
b]lvG5 . xfn ;~rflnt cfof]hgfx¿n] klg o;nfO{ yk k'li6 ub{5g\ . t/ lolgx¿sf] j}1flgs
Joj:yfkg h¿/L b]lvG5 .
$=!*=$ d'Vo ahf/ tyf Jofkfl/s s]Gb|x¿sf] ljj/0f
b]zsf 7'nf zx/x¿ afx]s u|fdL0f Onfsfx¿df ;3g a:tLx¿ ePsf If]qdf dfgjLo ultljlwx¿
h:t} M lzIff, :jf:Yo, cGo ;]jf, Jofkf/ tyf jfl0fHo s]lGb|t ePsf] kfO{G5 . o:tf s]Gb|x¿nfO{ g}
ahf/ s]Gb|x¿ elgG5 . zx/L ljsf; / ;'ljwfsf b[li6sf]0fn] k"0f{¿kdf ljsf; x'g g;s]tf klg
eljiodf ljsl;t x'g ;Sg] If]qsf¿kdf o:tf s]Gb|x¿df dfgjLo ultljlwx¿ s]lGb|t / ljsl;t
e}/x]sf] kfO{G5 . pko'Qmtf x]/L gofF If]qdf ahf/sf] ljsf; ug{ g;lsg] xf]Og tyflk s]xL dfqfdf
ljsl;t eO{;s]sf o:tf If]qx¿df yk ljsf; ug{ ;xh eg] x'G5 . t/ a'6jn

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 109

pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf w]/} h;f] :ynx¿ 7"nf zx/ s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf ljsf; eO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . zx/L
ljsf; / ;'ljwfsf b[li6n] a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf g]kfnsf 7"nf zx/x¿ dWo] Ps /x]sf] 5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] d'Vo Jofkl/s s]Gb|x¿sf] ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 59 M j8fcg';f/ d'Vo Jofkfl/s tyf ahf/ s]Gb|sf] ljj/0f
j8f g+= d'Vo Jofkfl/s s]Gb|sf] gfd
2 plh/l;+x 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf / led;]g ;dfh ;'wf/ 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf
3 uf]nkfs{
4 ck/ky, /fddlGb/, ;+udky
5
cd/ ltgfp ljsf; 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, xf6ahf/ hgzflGt 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, /fwf s[i0f ltgfp 6f]n
ljsf; ;+:yf
6 cd/ky, b'uf{ dlGb/, k'iknfn kfs{
8 z/0fky, ef6e6]gL, ldngrf]s b]lv /fhdfu{ rf}8fxf;Dd, /fhdfu{ rf}8fxfb]lv lj;Sofd;Dd
9 a; 6ld{gn b]lv /fhdfu{;Dd
10 /fhdfu{ rf}/fx 6f]n g++ !, l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ b]lv of]uLs'6L;Dd, k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{, /fdgu/
11 sflnsf gu/, a'4gu/, b'uf{gu/, d}gfau/
12 gofFufpF, sn'jf, 9jfx, tfdgu/
13 a]njf;, gofFufpF, emf]n'Ë]k'n
15 gd'gf db}of rf]ssf] ahf/, jluof 6f]n rf]ssf] ahf/
17 lzj gu/ a:tL
18 pQ/ kf]v/faf/L, a'6jn, km;f{l6s6
19 tkfx–vfnf÷j8f aflx/sf] xsdf a'6jn
;|f]t Mgu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

$=!*=% qmlds ljsf; eO/x]sf a:tLx¿sf] ljj/0f

pkdxfgu/kflnsf hnjfo'sf] cfwf/df a;f]af;sf] nflu pko'Qm dflgPsf] 5 . x'nfs, 6]lnkmf]g,
:jf:Yorf}sL / ljBfnosf] kx'Frsf ;fy} oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf x'gfn] klg u|fdL0f a:tL ljsf;sf nflu
of]ubfg k'¥ofO/x]sf] kfOG5 . o;sf ;fy} ljleGg :yfgx¿df pkdxfgu/kflnsfx¿n] cfˆgf]
cfGtl/s oftfoft dfu{x¿ agfO{ ;fj{hlgs If]qx¿df xf6 ahf/sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfd ;fy} ;–
;fgf Jofkfl/s s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf qmlds ljsf; eO/x]sf] 5 .pkdxfgu/kflnsf eP/ b\'O{j6f /fli6«o
;8s ;~hfn km}lnPsf 5g\ . k"j{–klZrd nf]sdfu{ / l;4fy{ nf]sdfu{sf] ldngljGb' /x]sf] o; a'6jn
pkdxfgu/kflnsf yk|} cGo :yflgo ;8sx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]qx¿sf] Jojl:yt tj/n] ljsf; ug{ k|To]s 38]/Ldf cfjt hfjt ug{ df]6/
af6f], v'Nnf If]qsf k|fjwfg, rf/kf6] cfsf/ ldn]sf 38]/Lx¿ nufot ef}lts tyf k"jf{wf/sf] lgdf{0f
;lxtsf] Jojl:yt j:tLsf] ljsf; ug{ hUuf PsLs/0f jf ;]jf ;'ljwf h:tf sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng
ug{' kb{5 . o;/L hUuf ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ zx/L lj:tf/ If]q k|:tfjgf ul/Psf
If]qx¿nfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] lx;fjn] k|fyldstf lbg' kb{5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 110

 tflnsf g+= 60 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf d'Vo j:tLsf] ljj/0f
j8f g+= d'Vo a:tL÷6f]n sf] ljj/0f
1 hn ljgfos, e}/jgf/fo0f, ;'s'nafaf, ;dob]jL, u9L
led;]g ;dfh ;'wf/ 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, dl0fd's'Gb 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, plh/l;+x 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, k'ik
2 g/l;+x 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, tNnf] km'naf/L ! g++ 6f]n, tNnf] km'naf/L @ g++ 6f]n, dgsfdgf ! g+= 6f]n, dgsfdgf
@ g+= 6f]n, dgsfdgf # g++ 6f]n, dgsfdgf $ g+= 6f]n, dgsfdgf % g+= 6f]n, >L/fdgu/ 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf

3
ltgfp, zx;|gu/, k'nrf]s, >[hgzLn 6f]n, lrl8ofvf]nf, ad3f6, Hof]ltgu/, uf]nkfs{, ltnf]Qdf, /fdflky]s;,
uf]nkfs{ nufotsf j:tLx¿

4
nIdLgu/ …sÚ, nIdLgu/ …vÚ, nIdLgu/ …uÚ, s~rg 6f]n, >Lgu/ 6f]n, e'jg]Zj/L 6f]n, k|lt cfbz{ gu/ 6f]n,
hgsNof0f 6f]n, ldnLh'nL 6f]n, ;+udky 6f]n, cd/ky 6f]n, /fd dlGb/ 6f]n, :ju{åf/L 6f]n

5
cd/ltgfp ljsf; 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, xf6ahf/ hgzflGt 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, /fwf s[i0f ltgfp 6f]n ljsf;
;+:yf, ;f}efUo 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf
6 ;'Gb/gu/, Go" zfGtLgu/, ldlnh'nL ky, dfOltky, a'4ky k~rfog 6f]n, cd/a'4 ky

7
;+ud sflnsf, l;b]Zj/ 6f]n, /fwfs[i0f 6f]n, lzjfno 6f]n, dgsfdgf 6f]n, a'56f]n eujtL 6f]n, ltnf]Qdf
6f]n

8
k|utL 6f]n, bz/y ky, efg'kfl/hft 6f]n, k|]dHof]lt ky 6f]n, wd{>[hgf 6f]n, ;u/dfyf ldngrf]s 6f]n,
wd{sNof0f 6f]n, gjhfu/0f 6f]n, s';'d 6f]n / a'6jn d08k 6f]n, ldng /fdz/0f 1fgHof]lt 6f]n, e[s'6L 6f]n
9 jf8{ ^ sf] l;dfgf b]lv !! sf] l;dfgf lzjfno dlGb/;Dd ;a} d'Vo dflgPsf] 5
10 /fdgu/df /x]sf] j:tLx¿, sfnLsfgu/df /x]sf] j:tLx¿, /fhdfu{ rf}/fxdf /x]sf] j:tLx¿
11 a'4gu/, 6kdem'jf, gx/k'/, sflnsf gu/, b]ljgu/, l;4gu/, b'uf{gu/
12 gofFufpF rf]s, sn'jf, tfdgu/, 9jfx
lhtul9 6f]n, hjO{ 6f]n, jb]n kf]v/L, k|ultky, ;+ud 6f]n, zfGtL rf]s, emf]n'Ë] ky, ldng 6f]n, a]naf; 6f]n,
13 e}/j ky, gofFufpF 6f]n, ;fn3f/L ;lgsky, lht]Zj/L 6f]n, efg'ky, a'4rf]s, a]naf]6 6f]n, cd/ky 6f]n,
l;h{gf 6f]n, Go"/] 6f]n, hgsNof0f 6f]n, tf/f 6f]n, p=j]njf;, b=j]njf;, ltnf]Qdf 6f]n
a]nel/df kbdk'/ 6f]n, hgd}qL 6f]n, kbdk'/ 6f]n, ;+ud6f]n, zfGtL ljgfos 6f]n, ljgfo sk'/ 6f]n,
14 s}nfzgu/ 6f]n, xl/ofnL 6f]n, Go" xl/ofnL 6f]n, df]ltu~h 6f]n, l;h{gzLn 6f]n, b'uf{ dlGb/ 6f]n, df]ltgu/
6f]n, s[i0fu~h eNbf]b/L 6f]n, zflGtgu/ 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf

15
gd'gf db}of 6f]n, 1fg Hof]lt 6f]n, >[hglzn 6f]n, d'QmL wfd 6f]n, /tgk'/, >[hgf 6f]n, d}gfk'/ 6f]n, kL7Lof
ahf/ 6f]n, juLof 6f]n, ph]nfk'/ 6f]n, dflyNnf] rDLk'/ 6f]n, tNnf] rDsLk'/ 6f]n, ph]nfk'/ uf]nf/ 6f]n
16 8x/ufpF, g/}gf6/, a}7f}nLof, ;dnf/, s]bnL
17 lzj gu/ j:tL
18 kf]v/faf/L, b'jf}nL, ;f}/lxof ;f}/xf, wGbfk'/, ;Lkf/L 6f]n,

19
ldng6f]n, kTy/u+h, e'8\s}of, ldlnh'nL, cGgk"0f{, adef]nf, adef]nf b'uf{ dGbL/, b]lj:yfg, hghfu[lt,
dgf]x/fk'/, k|ultgu/ / /flgaf/L
;|f]t M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

$=!*=^ ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f

pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df oxfFsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf]
5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] :yfgLo :t/sf] artnfO{ pkdxfgu/kflnsf aflx/ hfgaf6 /f]sL :yfgLo If]qdf
ljleGg cfo d"ns sfo{df nufgL ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;xsf/L ;+:yfk|lt hgtfsf] ckgTj a9L /
k|zf;lgs emGem6 sdL x'g] x'Fbf ljQLo If]qdf oxfFsf hgtfsf] kx'Fr ;d]t a9]sf] 5 . ufpFsf] pBf]u

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 111

Jofkf/ If]qdf nufgL ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy art tyf C0f, s[lif, pkef]Qmf, lrof÷skmL pTkfbg /
ax'2]ZoLo cflb k|s[ltsf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿af6 shf{ nufgL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} oL ;+:yfx¿n] lgoldt
¿kdf ;b:ox¿af6 art ;ª\sng klg ub}{ cfPsf] b]lvG5 .oL ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿af6 s[lif, pBf]u
Jofkf/ If]qdf nufgL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f
tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 61 M ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿ lj:t[t ljj/0f
z]o/ ;b:o
s|=;+= sfo{ k|s[lt ;+:yfsf] gfd j8f g++=
dlxnf k'¿if hDdf
1 art tyf C)f km'njf/L 1 150 317 467
2 art tyf C)f wgjiff{ 2 131 330 461
3 art tyf C)f lbw{sflng 2 324 227 551
4 art tyf C)f ;b\efj dlxnf 3 71 0 71
5 ax'pb]lZoo e'rGb| 3 45 40 85
6 art tyf C)f /fdflky]]s; 3 179 161 340
7 art tyf C)f k|lti&Lt 3 103 94 197
8 art tyf C)f k|utL;Ln ;+ut 3 172 147 319
9 art tyf C)f hd#^ 3 169 131 300
10 art tyf C)f hoef]n] 3 186 183 369
11 art tyf C)F pksf/ 4 79 141 220
12 art tyf C)f k|hjn 4 88 89 177
13 art tyf C)f >lds 4 109 97 206
14 art tyf C)f ;zSt 4 355 528 883
15 art tyf C)F ;Tdfu{ 4 31 88 119
16 art tyf C)f pHhjn 4 99 226 325
17 art tyf C)F c¿)Ff]bo 4 304 463 767
18 art tyf C)f ¿kfGt/)f 4 238 114 352
19 art tyf C)f lj^f 4 59 191 250
20 art tyf C)f ;TozfxL 4 107 181 288
21 ax'pb]lZoo s'df/L 4 50 101 151
22 art tyf C)F ;'gfv/L 5 214 195 409
23 art tyf C)F cfj:os 5 123 341 464
24 art tyf C)f ljZjHof]lt 5 181 259 440
25 art tyf C)f :jl)F{d 5 625 410 1035
26 s[lif /f/f 6 363 0 363
27 s[lif k|l;$ 6 87 57 144
28 ax'pb]lZoo ;u/dfyf 6 76 95 171
29 art tyf C)f ablnbf] 6 99 325 424
30 art tyf C)f pj{/ 6 98 143 241
31 art tyf C)f l;/l;/] 6 211 222 433

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 112

 z]o/ ;b:o
s|=;+= sfo{ k|s[lt ;+:yfsf] gfd j8f g++=
dlxnf k'¿if hDdf
32 art tyf C)f z+/If)f 6 121 236 357
33 art tyf C)F d]x]gtL 6 440 901 1341
34 ax'pb]lZoo gf/L 6 607 0 607
35 art tyf C)f cnf}sLs 6 250 152 402
36 art tyf C)f sfdfVof 6 91 113 204
37 art tyf C)f w'jtf/f;okqL 6 468 700 1168
38 ax'pb]lZoo gf}nf] 7 121 139 260
39 ;fdflhs pBdL nf]sjf)fL 7 117 0 117
40 art tyf C)f ;Gb''s 7 246 151 397
41 art tyf C)F ;xh 7 352 312 664
42 s[lif ;fO{s[kf 7 93 72 165
43 pkef]Stf k'l)F{df 7 55 45 100
44 ax[['pb]lZo k'ik 7 412 306 718
45 ax'pb]lZo cGgk')f{ 7 227 187 414
46 art tyf C)f ljxfgL 8 261 80 341
47 art tyf C)f hfu¿s 8 211 337 548
48 art tyf C)F ;fdflhs 8 24 71 95
49 art tyf C)f k/]/L ;+ud 8 158 158 316
50 art tyf C)F k'ioe'dL 8 214 195 409
51 art tyf C)f ;xefuL 8 111 117 228
52 art tyf C)F ;xcl:yTj 8 480 0 480
53 art tyf C)f ;TojtL 8 116 205 321
54 art tyf C)F h'gtf/f 8 150 213 363
55 art tyf C)f ltnu+uf 8 242 245 487
56 art tyf C)F z'enfe 8 125 199 324
57 art tyf C)f ;IFd 8 138 156 294
58 art tyf C)f k|lts 8 174 100 274
59 art tyf C)F ;jf]{bo 8 104 71 175
60 art tyf C)f cfug 8 126 189 315
61 art tyf C)f ¿b|fjtL 8 142 129 271
62 art tyf C)F z'eldng 8 71 110 181
63 art tyf C)F b'/b[lZ^ 9 90 152 242
64 ax''pb]ZoLo n''lDjLgL 9 15 59 74
65 art tyf C)F t]h:jL 9 189 263 452
66 art tyf C)F ;f/yL 9 78 292 370
67 ;fdflhs pBdL ls|oflzn 9 24 71 95
68 ax'pb]ZoLo d]rLsfnL 9 440 902 1342
69 art tyf C)F ;lhnf] 9 150 262 412

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 113

 z]o/ ;b:o
s|=;+= sfo{ k|s[lt ;+:yfsf] gfd j8f g++=
dlxnf k'¿if hDdf
70 art tyf C)F ltt]kftL dlxnf 9 298 0 298
71 art tyf C)f e}/j 9 110 117 227
72 art tyf C)f b'af{;f 9 72 160 232
73 art tyf C)f k|f}( 9 308 310 618
74 art tyf C)f lj/ufyf 9 486 397 883
75 art tyf C)F ;jf]{kl/ 9 260 111 371
76 art tyf C)F u/Ldf 9 327 341 668
77 art tyf C)f cfk;L 10 327 235 562
78 art tyf C)f df%fk'R%|] 10 325 292 617
79 art tyf C)F ;Ltn 10 183 224 407
80 art tyf C)f lgZkSIF 10 169 197 366
81 art tyf C)F tkf]]e'dL 10 336 248 584
82 s[lif ;x'lnot 11 238 114 352
83 s[lif cnsfk'/L 11 183 135 318
84 s[lif lxdfnL 11 104 103 207
85 s[lif ldt]/L 11 140 153 293
86 s[lif rlDsnf] 11 161 88 249
87 s[lif sf}l^No 11 25 76 101
88 s[lif kfg; 11 94 65 159
89 s[lif b'/bzL{ dlxnf 11 609 0 609
90 s[lif nfnl^g 11 722 859 1581
91 ;fd'bflos ljB't k|utLgu/ 11 600 670 1270
92 art tyf C)F lIflth 11 279 285 564
93 art tyf C)f :jfutd\ 11 159 173 332
94 art tyf C)F z'efudg 11 319 199 518
95 art tyf C)f ;fO{gf] 11 192 161 353
96 art tyf C)f ;'ljwf 11 190 440 630
97 art tyf C)F ;+;f/ 11 250 515 765
98 art tyf C)F ;dGjo 11 154 101 255
99 art tyf C)F ljzfn 11 152 188 340
100 art tyf C)F cd/Hof]lt 11 279 277 556
101 art tyf C)F ;du| 11 183 103 286
102 art tyf C)f ;flTjs 11 137 107 244
103 art tyf C)F h'g]nL 11 226 195 421
104 art tyf C)F kfn'jf dlxnf 11 283 0 283
105 art tyf C)F z'/Iff 11 93 56 149
106 art tyf C)F ky k|b{zs 11 294 243 537
107 art tyf C)f lbkfjnL 11 567 398 965

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 114

 z]o/ ;b:o
s|=;+= sfo{ k|s[lt ;+:yfsf] gfd j8f g++=
dlxnf k'¿if hDdf
108 art tyf C)f cf/tL 11 157 264 421
109 art tyf C)f k|of; 12 277 302 579
110 s[lif ;tu(L 12 105 101 206
111 art tyf C)F ;d[l$ 12 195 191 386
112 s[lif :df^{ 12 8 22 30
113 ;fdflhs pBdL k/fjt{g 13 190 0 190
114 ax'pb]lZo cf:yf 13 181 191 372
115 art tyf C)f ;r]t dlxnf 13 313 0 313
116 art tyf C)f lht]Z
] j/L 13 73 54 127
117 ax'pb]lZo lxdfno 13 13 15 28
118 art tyf C)f d'lStgfy 13 88 116 204
119 art tyf C)f pHofnf] 13 212 166 378
120 art tyf C)f ljj]slzn 13 401 273 674
121 s[lif (lsof 14 439 207 646
122 s[lif efijt 14 47 43 90
123 b''Uw pTkfbg cu'jf dlxnf 14 277 302 579
124 ;fdflhs pBdL ;'gf}nf] nf]s %xf/L eljio 15 39 38 77
125 art tyf C)f dft]Zj/L dlxnf 15 544 0 544
126 art tyf C)F ;+o'St 17 37 80 117
127 s[lif ;Dk')f{ dlxnf 17 342 0 342
128 s[lif l;d|Ls 17 101 263 364
129 art tyf C)f hghfu[lt 18 112 59 171
130 ;fdflhs pBdL ux|f}sflnsf 17 162 171 333
131 s[lif df]ltk'/ 19 184 18 202
132 ax'pb]lZoo km;f{l^s^ 19 129 194 323
133 pTkfbs lxts/ s'v'/fkfng 15 0 0 lgis[o
134 art tyf C)F ;+hLjgL 10 0 0 lgis[o
135 art tyf C)f d)fLd's'Gb;]g 2 0 0 lgis[o
136 ax'pb]lZo ;'of]{bo 8 0 0 lgis[o
137 art tyf C)F nlId 6 0 0 lgis[o
138 art tyf C)f ;fy{s 9 0 0 lgis[o
139 art tyf C)f ;'Gb/ g]kfn 9 0 0 lgis[o
140 art tyf C)f l;$ 8 0 0 lgis[o
141 ax''pb]ZoL ^]lSgsn 4 0 0 lgis[o
hDdf 27019 25192 52211

;|f]t–gu/ sfo{kflnssf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 115

$=!*=& a}Íx¿sf] ljj/0f
cfw'lgs cy{Joj:yfdf cfly{s sf/f]af/ a}+saf6 x'Fbf Tof] Jojl:yt / ;xh x'g hfG5 . a}lͪ
k|0ffnLx¿df Jofks ljsf; eO/xFbf pgLx¿n] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx¿ ;d]t lj:tf/ x'Fb} uO{/x]sf 5g\ .
xfn ljleGg a}+Íx¿n] P=6L=Pd= ;]jf, le;f sf8{ ;]jf dxz'n e'QmfgL ;]jf nufot aLdfx¿sf] ;d]t
Joj:yf u/]sf 5g\ .o;y{ cfw'lgs cfly{s k|0ffnLdf u|fdL0f hgtfx¿sf] ;d]t a}lͪ ;]jfdf kx'Fr
k'¥ofpg ckl/xfo{ h:t} eO{;s]sf] 5 . o; a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] a}ª\s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ljj/0f tn pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 62 M a}Fs tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd
qm=;+= a}Fs tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfd k|sf/ 7]ufgf
1 sfdgf ;]jf ljsf; a}Fs ljsf; a}Fs led;]g 6f]n–@
2 g]kfn a}Fs lnld6]8 jfl0fHo /fddlGb/ nfOg–$
3 df5fk'R5«] a}Fs lnld6]8 jfl0fHo /fddlGb/ nfOg–$
4 k|e' a}Fs lnld6]8 jfl0fHo cd/ky– $, j8f g+= (
5 s'df/L a}+s lnld6]8 jfl0fHo cd/ky–$
6 a}Fs ckm sf7df08f}F jfl0fHo l;4fy{ /fhdfu{–$
7 ltgfp ljsf; a}Fs ljsf; j8f g+= $, !!, !@
8 s}nfz ljsf; a}Fs ljsf; l;4fy{ /fhdfu{–$
9 gljn a}Fs jfl0fHo l;4fy{ /fhdfu{–$
10 dGh' >L kmfOgfG; kmfOgfG; l;4fy{ /fhdfu{–$
11 n''lDagL kmfOgfG; kmfOgfG; /fddlGb/ nfOg–$
12 Pe/]i6 a}Fs jfl0fHo j8f g+= $
13 dft[e"ld kmfOgfG; kmfOgfG; e'jg]Zj/L 6f]n–$
14 lzghL{ kmfOgfG; lnld6]8 kmfOgfG; j8f g++ %, *
15 /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}Fs jfl0fHo k'iknfn kfs{–^, j8f g++ (
16 d]3f a}Fs jfl0fHo k'iknfn kfs{–^
17 nlId a}Fs jfl0fHo cd/ky–^
18 Pg=cfO{=;L Pl;of a}Fs lnld6]8 jfl0fHo j8f g+= &, !#
19 s[lif ljsf; a}Fs jfl0fHo j8f g+= *
20 Unf]an cfO{=Pd=O{ a}Fs jfl0fHo j8f g+= %, *, (, !), !!, !(
21 u08sL ljsf; a}Fs ljsf; j8f g+= $, *, !@, !%
22 klZdf~rn kmfOgfG; kmfOgfG; j8f g+= *
23 ;g/fO{h a}Fs jfl0fHo j8f g+= (
24 ;fOg /];'Ëf ljsf; a}Fs ljsf; j8f g+= !), !#
25 u|fdL0f n3'ljQ ljQLo ;+:yf n3'ljQ j8f g+= !)
26 g]kfn sDo"lgl6 ljsf; a}Fs ljsf; j8f g+= *, !!, !#
27 n'lDagL lasf; a}Fs ljsf; j8f g+= !!
28 s}nfz ljsf; a}Fs ljsf; j8f g+= !!
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 116

$=!*=* a}+s vftf ePsf 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 63 M kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] a}+s vftf ePsf] cfwf/df 3/ kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
a}Fsdf vftf ePsf] a}Fsdf vftf gePsf]
j8f yfxf gePsf] hDdf
3/kl/jf/ 3/kl/jf/
1 204 104 88 396

2 832 105 47 984

3 1178 142 31 1351

4 676 24 102 802

5 278 72 18 368

6 779 114 2 895

7 1321 186 16 1523

8 1313 24 0 1337

9 797 28 12 837

10 682 20 6 708

11 6249 685 158 7092

12 2095 325 5 2425

13 2495 205 22 2722

14 813 157 9 979

15 825 75 28 928

16 436 103 104 643

17 880 428 39 1347

18 450 86 15 551

19 810 137 2 949

hDdf 23113 3020 704 26837

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s'n @^,*#& 3/kl/jf/dWo] #,)@) 3/kl/jf/sf] a}Í vftf g/x]sf] /
@#,!!# 3/kl/jf/sf] a}Í vftf /x]sf] b]lvG5 eg] &)$ 3/kl/jf/sf] pNn]v gePsf] b]lvG5 . o;
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ cfw'lgs a}lͪ ;'ljwf k|bfg ug{ w]/} sfd ug'{kg{] b]lvG5 .
o;f] ubf{ gful/sn] ug{] ;a} cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] k"0f{ clen]v /xG5 / /fHoåf/f k|fKt x'g] ljleGg
;'ljwfx¿ a}lͪ k|0ffnLaf6 ubf{ Tof] nlIft ju{df k'Ug] ;'lglZrttf ;d]t x'ghfG5 . /fHonfO{ ljQLo
Joj:yfkg u/L ;Dk"0f{ hg;fwf/0fx¿df a}lͪ k|0ffnLk|lt ;sf/fTds wf/0ff ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg' kg{] b]lvG5 . j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 117

 a}+s vftf ePsf 3/w'/Lsf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljt/0f
7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

a}+s vftf ePsf] a}+s vftf gePsf] yfxf 5}g

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 118

 v08– %M ;fdflhs cj:yf
%=! lzIff tyf dfgj ;+zfwg
o; cl3sf] rf}wf} of]hgfsf] % j6f /0fgLlts :tDex¿ dWo] z}lIfs k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; / u'0f:t/ j[l4
klg Ps lyof] . s'g} klg b]zsf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;df lzIffn] 7"nf] e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 .
o;nfO{ dfgj ljsf;sf] ;"rssf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . o;} l;nl;nfdf oxfF a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf]]
z}lIfs l:ylt b]vfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 . ljsf;sf] k|d'v cfwf/lznf lzIff g} xf], lzIffsf] dfWodaf6
JolQmdf cGtlg{lxt k|ltefx¿sf] ljsf; x'g uO{ ;du| ;dfh / /fi6«df g} ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g
Nofpg ;lsG5 eGg] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt /lx cfPsf] 5 . ;r]t, cg'zfl;t tyf pTkfbglzn hgzlQm
lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu lzIff If]qsf] g} ;jf]{kl/ e"ldsf clgjfo{ /xG5 . of]hgf lgdf{0fdf ul/aL lgjf/0f
tyf rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf nflu lzIff If]qnfO{ dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf;sf] Ps z;Qm dfWodsf] ¿kdf
gLltut ¿kdf canDag ul/Psf] 5 . /fHosf] gLlt ;d]t lzIffnfO{ ljsf;sf] k|d'v k"jf{wf/sf]
¿kdf ljsl;t, ;j{;'ne / k|efjsf/L agfpFb} n}hfg] /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] efu #, wf/f #! lzIff;DaGwL df}lns xsdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 M
1. k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIffdf kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
2. k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 cfwf/e"t tx;Ddsf] lzIff clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns tyf
dfWolds tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
3. ckf+utf ePsf / cfly{s ¿kn] ljkGg gful/snfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns pRr lzIff
kfpg]xs x'g]5 .
4. b[li6ljxLg gful/snfO{ a|]nlnlk tyf alx/f / :j/ jf af]nfO;DaGwL ckf+utf ePsf
gful/snfO{ ;f+s]lts efiffsf] dfWodaf6 sfg"g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
5. g]kfndf a;f]af; ug{] k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf
lzIff kfpg] / To;sf nflu ljBfno tyf z}lIfs ;+:yf vf]Ng] / ;~rfng ug{] xs
x'g]5 .
;+ljwfg tyf of]hgfsf] 7"nf 7"nf jx; eP tfklg ljZj ;fd' t'ngfTds cWoog ubf{ xfd|f] lzIff
If]qdf pNn]vgLo ljsf; eg] ePsf] b]lvFb}g . lzIffn] 1fg / ;Lksf] k|of]ufTds kl/jt{g Nofpg],
lk5l8Psf], ljkGg / cefju|:t ju{sf] kIfkf]if0f ug]{, cjf]w afnaflnsf Pj+ cfjfh ljlxgsf kIfdf
/xL b]znfO{ ;d[4 agfpg] kl/sNkgfnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{'kb{5 . b]zsf nflu cfjZos g]t[TjbfoL
Ifdtfsf] ljsf;, cys¿kdf l;Sg] / l;sfpg] k|j[lt, ;fdflhs / dfgjLo d"NodfGotf /
cfTdljZjf; h:tf cfwf/e"t ;du| kIfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;3fpg' g} u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] ljz]iftf xf] .
o:tf] lzIffdf ljZn]if0ffTds / df}lns ;f]rsf] kof{Kttf x'g'k5{ . lglb{i6 l;sfOdfq :t/Lotf xf]Og .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 119

cfh Jofjxfl/s kl/jt{g, >d;Fusf] cf:yf, hLjgf]kof]uL vf]h cg';Gwfg, ;fGble{stf b]z /
;+:s[ltk|lt k|]d, g}lts lhDd]jf/L, df}lns¿kdf lj1fgsf] pkof]u ug{ :t/Lo lzIffsf] cfjZostf
5 . lzIffsf] :t/Lo ljsf;n] /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/, snsf/vfgfsf] ljsf;, ;'ljwfsf] kx'Fr, k|ljlwsf]
lj:tf/, pTkfbgd'vL s[lif, cfod'vL Joj;fo, :yfgLo ;fwg>f]tsf] k|r'/ ;b'kof]un] hgtfsf]
hLjg:t/ psf:g ;lsG5 h;n] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cy{tGq alnof] x'g'sf] ;fy} ;fdflhs
ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ 6]jf k'¥ofpF5 .
lzIff If]qsf] kl/z"rsnfO{ To; If]qdf ;~rflnt ljleGg z}lIfs sfo{qmdaf6 lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
o;} l;nl;nfdf o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] z}lIfs l:ylt b]vfpg oxfFsf] ;fIf/tf l:ylt, lzIf0f
;+:yfsf] ljj/0f, b/aGbL lzIfsx¿sf] ljj/0f, ljBfyL{sf] egf{, txut tyf ljifout z}lIfs ljj/0f
b]vfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 . o;af6 a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] z}lIfs cj:yfnfO{ a'emL cfufdL lbgdf
;'wf/ ug{ gLlt tyf sfo{qmd agfpg ;lsG5 .
%=!=! ;Dk"0f{ ljBfnox¿sf] ljj/0f -db/zf, u'Daf ;d]t_
lzIff If]qsf] kl/;"rsnfO{ To; If]qdf ;~rflnt ljleGg z}lIfs sfo{qmdaf6 lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
o;} cg'¿k o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cf=j= @)&^÷&& ;Dd ;~rfng eO{/x]sf ljleGg txsf z}lIfs
;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f x]bf{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf k7gkf7gsf nflu ;fd'bflos ljBfno tkm{sf cfwf/e"t
ljBfnosf] ;ª\Vof !@, dfWolds ljBfno @@, db/;f #, u'¿s'n ! / ;+:yfut ljBfnosf] ;+Vof %&
u/L hDdf (% j6f lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . jt{dfg ;dodf lghL If]qsf] ;+nUgtf a9\b} uO{/x]sf]
cj:yfdf u|fDfL0f If]qdf eg] lghL If]qsf] Go'g ;+nUgtf b]lvG5 oBlk ;d'bflos / ;+:yfut lghL
If]qn] lzIffsf] If]qdf ljleGg ;d:ofsf] afjh't pNn]Vo of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g+= 64 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= ljBfnosf] lsl;d ;+Vof
! cfwf/e"t tx 12
@ dfWolds tx 22
# db/;f 3
$ u'¿s'n 1
% ;+:yfut ljBfno 57
hDDff 95
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

%=!=@ z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 65 M z}lIfs ;q @)&^ cg';f/ z}lIfs ;+:yfx¿sf] ljj/0f
;fd'bflos ljBfno @)&^
afnljsf;b]lv sIff !@ ;Dd
qm=;+= ljBfnosf] gfd
5fqf 5fq hDdf
1 >L cd/ dfWolds ljBfno 100 83 183

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 120

 2 >L plh/ l;+x dfWolds ljBfno 565 489 1054

3 >L sflGt dfWolds ljBfno 1410 1670 3080

4 >L sflnsf dfgj1fg dfWolds ljBfno 3030 3435 6465

5 >L hgHof]tL k|fylds ljBfno 29 23 52

6 >L hgtf dfWolds ljBfno 123 107 230

7 >L hgzlQm gd'gf ledk|;fb uf]dgf Gof}kfg] k|f=lj= 120 118 238

8 >L lht]Zj/L dfWolds ljBfno 156 163 319

9 >L 1fgf]bo dfWolds ljBfno 244 299 543

10 >L 1fgf]bo /fqL dfWolds ljBfno 49 74 123

11 >L ltnf]Qdf dfWolds ljBfno 274 243 517

12 >L gofFufpF dfWolds ljBfno 501 505 1006

13 >L g/}gfk'/ cfwf/e"t ljBfno 49 56 105

14 >L gj/Tg dfWolds ljBfno 633 614 1247

15 >L gljg cf}Bf]lus sb/axfb'/ l/tf df=lj= 901 1137 2038

16 >L gx/k'/ dfWolds ljBfno 691 508 1199

17 >L k|ult dfWolds ljBfno 257 226 483

18 >L ejfgL dfWolds ljBfno 123 99 222

19 >L dfofb]jL hghfu[tL cfwf/e"t ljBfno 40 34 74

20 >L d}gfau/ cfwf/e"t ljBfno 31 35 66

21 >L df]ltk'/ dfWolds ljBfno 408 323 731

22 >L nIdL dfWolds ljBfno 123 119 242

23 >L afndlGb/ k|fylds ljBfno 27 17 44

24 >L a'6jn dfWolds ljBfno 145 173 318

25 >L a]nel/of cfwf/e"t ljBfno 118 87 205

26 >L ;/:jtL cfwf/e"t ljBfno 111 89 200

27 >L ;/:jtL k|fylds ljBfno 25 18 43

28 >L ;/:jtL dfWolds ljBfno 136 150 286

29 >L ;lxb:d[lt cfwf/e"t ljBfno 90 86 176

30 >L ;fwgf dlxnf ljBfno 238 0 238

31 >L l;4]Zj/ nfns'df/L dfWolds ljBfno 287 254 541

32 >L ;':tdgl:ylt afn ljBf dlGb/ 32 27 59

33 >L ;"of]{bo cfwf/e"t ljBfno 66 45 111

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 121

 34 >L b'uf{ ejfgL k|fylds ljBfno 37 29 66

35 >L db/;f u'n;g P lesf k|f=lj= 4 28 32

36 >L Phf P d':tkmf db/;f k|f=lj= 49 44 93

37 >L dlbgf db/;f k|f=lj= 17 23 40

38 >L ;Gtf]ifLdftf u'?s'n ljBf>d 0 52 52

39 >L sflGt v'nf ljBfno 53 65 118

hDdf 11292 11547 22839

;:yfut ljBfno @)&^

afnlasf;b]lv sIff !@ ;Dd

qm=;+= ljBfnosf] gfd
5fqf 5fq hDdf
1 >L Plre;{ Psf8]dL 309 430 739
2 >L PD; dfWolds ljBfno 258 325 583
3 >L cNkmf Psf8]dL 44 55 99
4 >L cGgk'0f{ ;]s]08/L :s"n 338 483 821
5 >L cIf/ Psf8]dL 193 230 423
6 >L PlS;; dfWolds ljBfno 121 185 306
7 >L a'6jn Oln6 OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 113 142 255
8 >L a'6jn PS; cfdL{ OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 261 383 644
9 >L a'6jn Unf]/L OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 532 700 1232
10 >L a'6jn dlbgf OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 119 132 251
11 >L Sofgg ;]s]08/L :s"n 266 451 717
12 >L bLk af]l8{ª xfO:s"n 944 1267 2211
13 >L b]jl;4 OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 184 308 492
14 >L Peg]h/ P08 Go" lehg OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 183 192 375
15 >L O8g OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 387 491 878
16 >L Pe/lu|g lrN8]g Psf8]dL 44 53 97
17 >L Pe/ ;fOlg OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 174 201 375
18 >L Pe/]i6OËln; af]l8{ª xfO:s"n 1090 1649 2739
19 >L ufu|L Psf8]dL 424 546 970
20 >L Unf]l/o; xfOP/ ;]s]08/L :s"n 102 208 310
21 >L Unf]/L OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 379 459 838

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 122

22 >L u'?s'n Psf8]dL 28 42 70
23 >L 1fgk'~h OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 284 357 641
24 >L lxdfnL lrN8]g Psf8]dL 26 31 57
25 >L cfOl8on OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 291 392 683
26 >L OG6]n]Sr'cn Psf8]dL 221 268 489
27 >L Pn=lj=gd'gf Psf8]dL 257 356 613
28 >L n'lDjgL OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 433 533 966
29 >L n'lDjgL lzIffno 73 140 213
30 >L dxflj/ OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 188 236 424
31 >L dgf:n' OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 140 167 307
32 >L dl0fd's'08 OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 230 273 503
33 >L dl0fd's'08 ;]s]08/L :s"n 177 245 422
34 >L dfl/of dG6]zj/L 117 143 260
35 >L d]l/uf]N8 OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 101 154 255
36 >L db/Nof08 OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 242 238 480
37 >L d'gfn OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 190 277 467
38 >L g]kfn Pe/lu|g klAns OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 192 254 446
39 >L Go" xf]/fOhg OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 1318 2303 3621
40 >L Go" kfOgp8 OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 164 220 384
41 >L Go" :6f088{ OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 192 243 435
42 >L cfj/ lk; Nof08 Psf8]dL 173 215 388
43 >L cS;kmkf]8{ ;]s]08/L :s"n 970 1396 2366
44 >L ;lxb :df/s OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 174 248 422
45 >L OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 271 397 668
46 >L ;fOlgª:6f/ OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 186 259 445
47 >L lzz' 1fgs'~h OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 139 186 325
48 >L u0f]z 1fgHof]tL klAns xfO:s"n 278 368 646
49 >L l;4fy{ uf}td a'4 df=lj= 470 541 1011
50 >L l;l4 lrN8]g Psf8]dL 89 127 216
51 >L l;l4 ljgfos ;]s]08/L :s"n 239 263 502
52 >L ;ld6 OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 179 214 393
53 >L ltgfp OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 522 745 1267

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 123

 54 >L lqe'jg o'gfO6]8 Psf8]dL 192 234 426
55 >L o'gfO6]8 OËln; af]l8{ª :s"n 140 164 304
56 >L x\jfO6 /f]h Psf8]dL 87 129 216
57 >L zflGtbLk Ëln; af]l8{ª :s"n 225 323 548
hDdf 15663 21571 37234

;|f]tM a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf lzIff zfvf, @)&^

%=!=# kfFr jif{ dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] ;du| ;fIf/tf÷lg/If/tf ljj/0f -dlxnf÷k'¿if b'a}_
;fIf/tfn] k9\g / n]Vg ;Sg] ;LkeGbf dfly ;du| dfgj ljsf; ;"rsnfO{ O+lut ub{5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf % jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] pd]/ ;d"xsf s'n !,$^,$!% hg;+Vof dWo]
!,#),*(# cyf{t\ *(=$) k|ltzt ;fIf/ /x]sf 5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf k9\g / n]Vg ;Sg] ;fIf/
hg;+Vof !,@&,@^( 5g\ eg] k9\g dfq ;Sg] #,^@$ hgf /x]sf 5g\ . k9\g] / n]Vg ghfGg] -b'j} ;Lk
gePsf cyf{t lg/If/_ hg;+Vof !%,%!% cyf{t !)=^) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . j8fut ¿kdf t'ngf ubf{
;a}eGbf a9L ;fIf/tf k|ltzt j8f g+= * /x]sf] 5 h;sf] ;fIf/tf ($=^( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 eg]
;a}eGbf Go"g ;fIf/tf j8f g+ !* h;sf] ;fIf/tf s]jn &^=*^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . j8fut lj:t[t
ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 66 M % jif{ jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] pd]/ ;d"xsf hg;+Vofsf] j8fut ;fIf/tfsf] ljj/0f
k9\g jf n]Vg ;Sg] k9\gdfq ;Sg] k9\g jf n]Vg g;Sg] pNn]v
j8f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt gul/Psf]
1 2566 88.27% 2 .07% 339 11.66% 0 2907
2 4762 84.30% 10 .18% 877 15.52% 1 5650
3 8392 88.58% 262 2.77% 820 8.66% 1 9475
4 3729 86.96% 172 4.01% 387 9.03% 2 4290
5 2244 82.53% 142 5.22% 333 12.25% 1 2720
6 4123 85.91% 49 1.02% 627 13.07% 0 4799
7 8384 88.31% 104 1.10% 1006 10.60% 0 9494
8 8453 93.17% 138 1.52% 482 5.31% 0 9073
9 4438 91.98% 44 .91% 343 7.11% 0 4825
10 4397 90.55% 17 .35% 442 9.10% 0 4856
11 35451 86.76% 1858 4.55% 3553 8.70% 1 40863
12 9516 86.09% 232 2.10% 1305 11.81% 1 11054
13 11406 90.44% 54 .43% 1152 9.13% 0 12612
14 3333 79.23% 121 2.88% 753 17.90% 0 4207
15 3586 89.05% 10 .25% 431 10.70% 0 4027
16 2344 78.76% 49 1.65% 583 19.59% 0 2976
17 4834 81.46% 144 2.43% 956 16.11% 0 5934

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 124

 k9\g jf n]Vg ;Sg] k9\gdfq ;Sg] k9\g jf n]Vg g;Sg] pNn]v
j8f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt gul/Psf]
18 1863 76.57% 7 .29% 563 23.14% 0 2433
19 3448 81.71% 209 4.95% 563 13.34% 0 4220
hDdf 127269 86.93% 3624 2.48% 15515 10.60% 7 146415
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^
% jif{ jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] pd]/ ;d'xsf hg;+Vofsf] j8fut ;fIf/tf
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
k9\g jf n]Vg ;Sg] k9\g dfq ;Sg] k9\g jf n]Vg g;Sg]

tflnsf g+= 67 M % jf ;f] eGbf dflysf ;fIf/ hg;+Vofn] pQL0f{ u/]sf] tx cg';f/ ljj/0f
z}lIfs tx
j8f k"j{ k|fylds P;O{O{÷ sIff !@ jf
sIff sIf sIff :gfts jf :gftsf]Q/ lk=Pr=l8=
P;Pn;L÷ PCL jf ;f] hDdf
tx !–% ^–* (–!) ;f] ;/x jf ;f] ;/x jf ;f] ;/x
;f] ;/x ;/x
1 85 540 499 468 397 327 93 43 9 2461
2 176 991 972 753 433 692 207 66 10 4300
3 214 1114 1041 1446 936 1908 1053 378 55 8145
4 103 499 504 401 494 703 498 205 5 3412
5 77 442 537 445 264 320 133 22 0 2240
6 131 632 673 614 544 498 527 235 37 3891
7 260 1315 1460 1237 1270 1549 613 257 20 7981
8 275 1120 916 1145 1030 1753 1409 516 95 8259
9 117 499 492 486 730 897 762 340 29 4352
10 134 674 653 778 628 783 461 176 10 4297
11 1203 5895 5532 5078 4795 6100 3692 1113 201 33609
12 390 1824 1575 1315 1240 1509 807 232 5 8897
13 425 1918 1752 1847 1552 1668 1124 405 19 10710
14 130 680 682 575 301 479 132 61 2 3042
15 125 595 498 498 355 587 308 110 1 3077
16 85 482 439 409 196 401 186 56 0 2254
17 182 1330 1130 920 317 564 186 41 0 4670

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 125

 z}lIfs tx
j8f k"j{ k|fylds P;O{O{÷ sIff !@ jf
sIff sIf sIff :gfts jf :gftsf]Q/ lk=Pr=l8=
P;Pn;L÷ PCL jf ;f] hDdf
tx !–% ^–* (–!) ;f] ;/x jf ;f] ;/x jf ;f] ;/x
;f] ;/x ;/x
18 66 389 389 403 133 220 134 29 0 1763
19 145 700 644 652 294 448 199 73 1 3156
hDdf 4323 21639 20388 19470 15909 21406 12524 4358 499 120516
k|ltzt 3.59% 17.96% 16.92% 16.16% 13.20% 17.76% 10.39% 3.62% 0.41% 100.0%
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^
%=!=$ !% b]lv ^) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf hg;+Vofsf] ;fIf/tfsf] l:ylt
;fIf/tfn] k9\g / n]Vg ;Sg] ;LkeGbf dfly ;du| dfgj ljsf; ;"rsnfO{ O+lut ub{5 . tYox¿sf
cg';f/ dlxnf ;fIf/tfn] ;du| ax'cfoflds ul/aL ;"rsdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf !% b]lv ^) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf s"n !,)*,@)@ hg;+Vof /x]sf 5g\ .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf !% jif{ b]lv ^) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf s"n hg;+VofdWo] (!=#$ k|ltzt ;fIf/
/x]sf 5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf k9\g / n]Vg ;Sg] ;fIf/ hg;+Vof (*,*@& /x]sf 5g\ eg] k9\g
dfq ;Sg] @,^!@ hgf /x]sf 5g\ . k9\g] / n]Vg] b'j} ;Lk gePsf cyf{t lg/If/ hg;+Vof (,#&%
cyf{t *=^^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . j8fut ¿kdf t'ngf ubf{ ;a}eGbf a9L ;fIf/tf k|ltzt j8f g+ *
df /x]sf] 5 h;sf] ;fIf/tf (&=!* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 eg] ;a}eGbf Go"g ;fIf/tf j8f g+ !* h;sf]
;fIf/tf &*=(# k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . h;nfO{ tflnsfdf klg k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 68 M !% b]lv ^) jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf hg;+Vofsf] ;fIf/tfsf] l:ylt
k9\g n]Vg hfg]sf] k9\gdfq hfg]sf] k9\g n]Vg ghfg]sf]
j8f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
1 1908 88.46% 2 .09% 247 11.45% 2157

2 3604 84.72% 8 .19% 642 15.09% 4254

3 6659 91.21% 182 2.49% 460 6.30% 7301

4 2881 90.29% 117 3.67% 193 6.05% 3191

5 1674 81.34% 117 5.69% 267 12.97% 2058

6 3102 86.36% 34 .95% 456 12.69% 3592

7 6469 91.16% 72 1.01% 555 7.82% 7096

8 6384 96.14% 69 1.04% 187 2.82% 6640

9 3497 95.21% 26 .71% 150 4.08% 3673

10 3363 93.21% 9 .25% 236 6.54% 3608

11 26912 88.32% 1351 4.43% 2209 7.25% 30472

12 6884 87.87% 173 2.21% 777 9.92% 7834

13 8472 93.43% 36 .40% 560 6.18% 9068

14 2415 80.29% 112 3.72% 481 15.99% 3008

15 2691 93.63% 6 .21% 177 6.16% 2874

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 126

 k9\g n]Vg hfg]sf] k9\gdfq hfg]sf] k9\g n]Vg ghfg]sf]
j8f hDdf
;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt ;+Vof k|ltzt
16 1755 81.59% 33 1.53% 363 16.88% 2151

17 3568 81.46% 105 2.40% 707 16.14% 4380

18 1412 78.71% 4 .22% 378 21.07% 1794

19 2565 84.07% 156 5.11% 330 10.82% 3051

hDdf 96215 88.92% 2612 2.41% 9375 8.66% 108202

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

%=!=% % b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf xfn :s"n sn]h uP guPsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 69 M % b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf xfn :s"n sn]h uP guPsf] ljj/0f
xfn :s'n÷ sn]h uO/x]sf] xfn :s"n÷sn]h hfg]sf] k|sf/ xfn :s"n÷sn]h ghfg]
j8f
;fd'bflos÷ ;+:yfut÷ u'¿s'n÷
5 5}g hDdf cGo hDdf 5 5}g hDdf
;/sf/L lghL db/;f÷ u'Daf
1 819 382 1201 303 516 0 0 819 346 36 382

2 1676 733 2409 721 937 17 1 1676 631 102 733

3 3423 558 3981 1603 1814 2 4 3423 539 19 558

4 1213 325 1538 345 862 0 6 1213 305 20 325

5 836 358 1194 290 543 2 1 836 314 44 358

6 1437 401 1838 412 1021 3 1 1437 369 32 401

7 2906 891 3797 494 2409 2 1 2906 864 27 891

8 2921 479 3400 460 2450 1 10 2921 473 6 479

9 1489 296 1785 364 1121 0 4 1489 290 6 296

10 1580 331 1911 565 1014 0 1 1580 317 14 331

11 14717 3357 18074 6007 8695 2 13 14717 3126 231 3357

12 3750 854 4604 1564 2179 1 6 3750 788 66 854

13 4229 861 5090 1113 3115 0 1 4229 832 29 861

14 1254 431 1685 553 699 0 2 1254 396 35 431

15 1232 305 1537 346 886 0 0 1232 293 12 305

16 825 332 1157 324 500 0 1 825 322 10 332

17 1799 816 2615 906 890 0 3 1799 777 39 816

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 127

 xfn :s'n÷ sn]h uO/x]sf] xfn :s"n÷sn]h hfg]sf] k|sf/ xfn :s"n÷sn]h ghfg]
j8f
;fd'bflos÷ ;+:yfut÷ u'¿s'n÷
5 5}g hDdf cGo hDdf 5 5}g hDdf
;/sf/L lghL db/;f÷ u'Daf
18 657 296 953 288 368 1 0 657 281 15 296

19 1218 468 1686 342 875 1 0 1218 460 8 468

hDdf 47981 12474 60455 17000 30894 32 55 47981 11723 751 12474

k|ltzt 79.37 20.63 100.00 35.43 64.39 0.07 0.11 100.00 93.98 6.02 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf % b]lv @$ jif{ pd]/ leqsf s"n ^),$$% hg;+VofnfO{ s] tkfOF xfn tyf
slxNo} :s"n÷sn]h hfg'x'G5 elg ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgdf xfn :s"n sn]h uO{/x]sfx¿sf] ;+Vof $&,(*!
cyf{t &(=#& k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . csf{]tkm{ !@,$&$ cyf{t @)=^# k|ltzt ljBfno÷sn]h uPsf
5}gg\ . xfn :s"n÷sn]h ghfg]x¿nfO{ tkfO{ slxNo} :s"n÷sn]h hfg' ePsf] lyof] elg k|Zg
ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df ;f] pd]/ ;d"xdf slxNo} :s"n÷sn]h ghfg]sf] ;+Vof &%! /x]sf] 5 . of]
tYonfO{ x]bf{ cfw'lgstf, ljsf; / gjhfu/0fsf] rxn kxn r/d cj:yfdf k'u]sf] jt{dfg ljZj
kl/j]zdf o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljBfno÷sn]h g} guPsf] ;+Vof pNn]Vo x'g' ulDe/ ljifo xf] .
t;y{ of] cj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+un] cGTo ug{ cljnDa kxn ul/g' cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu
cf}krfl/s lzIff, cgf}krfl/s lzIff, k|f}9 lzIff tyf cGo z}lIfs ljsf;sf Jojxfl/s /
sfo{Gjogd'vL of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L nfu" ug'{ h¿/L 5 . To;}u/L xfn uO/x]sf] sn]h / :s'nsf]
k|sf/cg';f/ ;fd'bflos÷ ;/sf/Ldf !&,))) cyf{t #%=$# k|ltzt, ;+:yfut÷lghLdf #),*($
cyf{t ^$=#( k|ltzt, u'¿s'n÷db/;f÷u'Dafdf #@ cyf{t )=)& k|ltzt / cGodf %% cyf{t )=!!
k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . xfn :s'n guPsf jf 5f8]sfx¿ s"n !@,$&$ hgfnfO{ ljutdf :s"n÷sn]h
hfg'ePsf] lyof] eGg] k|Zgdf uPsf (#=(* k|ltzt / slxNo} guPsf]df ^=)! k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ .
j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 128

%=!=^ %–@$ jif{ pd]/;d"xsf xfn :s"n÷sn]h ghfg'sf] sf/0fsf cfwf/df ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 70 M %–@$ jif{ pd]/;d"xsf xfn :s"n÷sn]h ghfg'sf] sf/0fsf cfwf/df ljj/0f
j8f g+= k|ltz
hDdf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 t
xfn 5 819 1676 3423 1213 836 1437 2906 2921 1489 1580 14717 3750 4229 1254 1232 825 1799 657 1218 47981 79.37
:s'n÷ 5}g 382 733 558 325 358 401 891 479 296 331 3357 854 861 431 305 332 816 296 468 12474 20.63
sn]h
uO/x]sf] hDdf 1201 2409 3981 1538 1194 1838 3797 3400 1785 1911 18074 4604 5090 1685 1537 1157 2615 953 1686 60455 100
c¿ k9\g] 7fpF 2 13 22 8 6 0 1 2 7 4 30 6 1 0 11 3 1 5 1 123 0.99
gePsf]n]
w]/} dxFuf] 1 37 6 6 34 8 27 0 10 10 155 21 17 10 22 16 39 22 41 482 3.86
ePsf]n]
w]/} 6f9f ePsf]n] 2 16 8 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 40 9 3 9 10 6 8 1 1 119 0.95
3/df sfd 26 150 61 4 28 16 71 20 14 14 445 141 55 87 29 30 132 20 22 1365 10.94
;3fpg' k/]sf]n]
xfn afa'÷ cfdfn] 3 9 2 0 3 2 2 1 0 1 31 10 3 12 1 3 17 5 0 105 0.84
:s'n÷ grfx]sf]n]
sn]h rfx]hlt
ghfg'sf] 27 62 41 178 65 40 67 154 41 29 575 67 181 86 7 61 131 104 150 2066 16.56
kl9;s]sf]n]
sf/0f
ljjfx ePsf]n] 82 110 140 47 86 109 247 69 79 99 946 275 282 117 95 84 244 69 153 3333 26.72
sfd z'¿
u/]sf]÷hflu/ 162 140 82 18 12 39 109 142 44 89 522 114 99 35 22 20 52 24 17 1742 13.97
kfP/
ljBfnon] egf{
31 14 0 2 16 7 5 1 10 21 68 22 20 3 37 80 8 4 49 398 3.19
ug{ gdfg]sf]n]
cGo 46 182 196 62 106 180 360 90 89 64 545 189 200 72 71 29 184 42 34 2741 21.97
hDdf 382 733 558 325 358 401 891 479 296 331 3357 854 861 431 305 332 816 296 468 12474 100

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 129

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf % b]lv @$ jif{ leqsf hg;+VofdWo] xfn ljBfno÷sn]h ghfg]sf] ;+Vof
!@,$&$ hgf /x]sf 5g\ . xfn ljBfno ghfg]x¿nfO{ ljBfno÷sn]h ghfg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] eg]/
;f]lwPsf] k|Zgdf ljBfno÷sn]h ghfg'sf] sf/0f x]bf{ ;a}eGbf a9L #,### cyf{t @^=&@ k|ltztn]
ljjfx ePsf]n], @,)^^ cyf{t !^=%^ k|ltztn] rfx]hlt kl9;s]sf]n] /!,&$@ cyf{t !#=(& k|ltztn]
sfd z'¿ u/]sf]÷hflu/ kfP/ k9\g 5f]8]sf] eGg] hjfkm lbPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L cGo sf/0fn] atfpg]
@!=(& k|ltzt ePsfn] oL hg;+Vof ljBfno ghfg'sf] sf/0f :ki6 b]lVfFb}g eg] ljBfnon] egf{ ug{
gdfg]sf]n], w]/} 6f9f ePsfn], 3/df sfd ;3fpg' k/]sf]n], cleefjssf] rfxgf geP/ guPsf]
atfpg] hg;+Vof klg pNn]Vo /x]sf] 5 .h] ;'s} sf/0fn] ePklg plrt lzIffaf6 al~rt x'g' /fd|f]
xf]Og t;y{ lzIffnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] / o'jfx¿nfO{ lzIfftkm{ pT;flxt ug{ /f]huf/d"ns /
hLjgf]kof]uL lzIff, Joj;foLs, lzIff tyf ;Lkd"ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . g]kfndf
k/Dk/fut lx;fan] ljjfx kZrft dlxnfx¿ 3/fo;L wGbf / afnaRrf hGdfpg] / x'sf{pg] sfo{df
nfUg] ;fy} ljjfx eP/ hfg] 3/af6 lzIffdf k|f]T;fxg gug]{ h:tf sf/0fn] pgLx¿ lzIffaf6
6fl9Psf x'g;S5g\ . o;tkm{ ;fdflhs hfu/0f / dlxnf xs clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;DalGwt
;a}n] Wofg k'¥ofpg' h¿/L 5 . j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

%–@$ jif{ pd]/;d"xsf xfn :s"n÷sn]h ghfg'sf] sf/0fsf cfwf/df ljj/0f

4000

3000

2000

1000

c? k9\g] 7fpF gePsf]n] w]/} dxFuf] ePsf]n] w]/} 6f9f ePsf]n] 3/df sfd ;3fpg' k/]sf]n]
afa'÷cfdfn] grfx]sf]n] rfx]hlt kl9;s]sf]n] ljjfx ePsf]n] sfd z'? u/]sf]÷hflu/ kfP/
ljBfnon] egf{ ug{ gdfg]sf]n] cGo

%=!=& !) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofdf cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s tflnd;DaGwL j8fut

ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 71 M !) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofdf cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s tflnd;DaGwL j8fut ljj/0f
cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s pNn]vg
j8f hDdf
tflnd lnPsf tflnd lnPsf gePsf]
1 174 2476 0 2650
2 226 4924 1 5151
3 389 8362 1 8752
4 198 3774 3 3975
5 33 2439 1 2473
6 462 3955 0 4417

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 130

 cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s pNn]vg
j8f hDdf
tflnd lnPsf tflnd lnPsf gePsf]
7 771 7917 0 8688
8 912 7427 0 8339
9 432 4051 0 4483
10 409 4052 0 4461
11 1824 35417 2 37243
12 1094 8898 1 9993
13 702 10721 0 11423
14 293 3515 0 3808
15 283 3394 0 3677
16 114 2640 0 2754
17 402 4960 0 5362
18 169 2092 0 2261
19 432 3392 0 3824
hDdf 9319 124406 9 133734
k|ltzt 6.97 93.02 0.01 100.00
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf !) jif{ jf ;f] eGbf dflysf !,##,&#$ hg;+VofnfO{ s] tkfO{n] s'g}
cf}krfl/s jf cgf}krfl/s tflnd lng'ePsf] 5 elg ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgdf cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s
tflnd lnPsf] 5 eGg]sf] ;+Vof (,#!( cyf{t ^=(& k|ltzt / cf}krfl/s÷cgf}krfl/s tflnd
lnPsf] 5}g eGg]sf] ;+Vof !,@$,$)^ cyf{t (#=)@ k|ltzt b]lvG5 . u'0f:t/Lo hLjg lgjf{x ubf{ /
/f]huf/ tyf k]zfnfO{ pGgt, k|ljlwo'Qm / a9L pTkfbg d"vL agfpg dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;sf] d"n
cfwf/ eg]sf] lzIff / tflnd g} xf] . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] (#=)@ k|ltzt hg;+Vof s'g}klg k|sf/sf]
tflnd jf ;Lk ljlxg x'g' eg]sf] dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf;sf] cToGt uDeL/ cj:yf ePsf]n] ;Lk
ljsf; tyf tflndsf dfWodaf6 dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf;df pNn]Vo km8\sf] dfg{ ;s] dfq sfo{Ifdtf
ljsf; dfkm{t j[xb ljsf;df cl3 a9\g ;lsG5 . o;tkm{ ;a}sf] Wofg hfg' h¿/L 5 . j8fut
lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 131

 !) jif{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vofsf] cf}krfl/s jf cgf}krfl/s tflnd ;DaGwL
ljj/0f
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

tflnd k|fKt ePsf] tflnd k|fKt gePsf]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 132

 tflnsf g+= 72 M cf}krfl/s tflndsf] ljifosf] cfwf/df j8fut ljj/0f
j8f g+=
tflndsf] ljifo hDdf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
lzIf0f lzsfO{;DaGwL 10 21 74 39 0 40 83 301 66 46 352 208 124 49 40 14 21 21 31 1540
cGo 47 94 81 48 8 61 112 104 47 83 253 92 158 32 12 7 39 14 24 1316
kf]zfs agfpg]÷ l;pg] 42 28 42 12 5 70 131 51 37 32 208 108 85 66 58 15 57 38 97 1182
;jf/L rfns;DaGwL 6 9 30 18 1 35 40 89 11 48 259 118 85 25 20 13 99 22 28 956
dfgj 7 13 6 17 0 75 69 111 46 27 82 90 32 7 8 3 17 9 35 654
:jf:Yo;Fu;DaGwL
sDKo'6/ lj1fg;DaGwL 6 2 30 11 4 39 34 54 48 24 109 42 21 10 23 2 30 6 10 505
s]z 16 14 11 6 0 29 53 42 28 25 88 47 23 22 24 2 17 8 26 481
;hfj6>[+uf/;DaGwL
xf]6n tyf 8 5 29 10 4 19 49 24 34 29 94 66 28 11 8 4 22 7 25 476
/]i6'/]G6;DaGwL
oflGqs - 14 9 12 6 1 18 34 22 13 15 51 37 18 17 6 3 13 1 8 298
d]sflgS;_;DaGwL
cfTd;'/Iff;DaGwL÷ 2 5 4 0 0 2 8 25 8 29 38 63 3 3 10 0 3 3 60 266
zf/Ll/s ;'u7g
l;sdL{, 8sdL{;DaGwL 0 2 3 2 0 10 24 1 1 5 52 50 28 5 24 9 25 6 9 256
lah'nL h8fg;DaGwL 2 1 19 11 4 2 19 11 6 16 41 29 12 5 4 4 13 1 15 215
s[lif, kz'kfng,
df5fkfng, df}/L 1 2 2 2 0 4 22 23 10 4 7 33 16 12 6 19 14 9 14 200
kfng;DaGwL
/]l8of], 6]lnlehg,
df]afO{n, tyf cGo 3 3 12 0 2 12 22 6 9 4 41 10 8 10 12 2 4 8 2 170
O{n]lS6«s
OlGhlgol/ª 5 1 9 8 0 4 3 25 17 4 17 26 17 4 1 0 2 4 7 154
l8hfO{g;DaGwL
u/uxgf agfpg]÷ 0 9 7 0 0 14 28 1 6 1 33 5 12 0 8 0 7 0 0 131
dd{t ug]{
KnlDaª;DaGwL 0 0 0 1 0 2 6 7 2 2 35 20 9 10 2 5 6 1 12 120
x:tsnf ÷ 0 5 3 0 0 7 17 2 17 0 20 5 7 1 6 0 3 3 14 110
lrqsnf;DaGwL

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 133

 j8f g+=
tflndsf] ljifo hDdf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
kmlg{r/ agfpg];DaGwL 1 0 3 2 0 8 11 2 4 2 6 6 5 3 3 3 7 4 1 71
uLt, ;+uLt, gf6s 0 0 3 0 3 2 2 0 10 6 11 6 4 0 1 0 1 0 2 51
tyf snfsfl/tf
kz'lrlsT;f tyf 0 1 2 0 0 4 0 5 2 1 1 15 1 1 6 6 1 0 3 49
kz':jf:Yo;DaGwL
>Job[io tyf 1 0 3 4 0 0 0 0 2 2 11 9 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 37
kmf]6f]u|fkmL;DaGwL
;flxTo >[hgf;DaGwL 2 0 2 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 10 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 28
5kfO{;DaGwL 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 3 1 4 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 6 22
d"lt{snf, k|:t/snf, 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 1 2 1 4 3 0 0 1 1 1 0 19
sfi7snf
h'Qf rKkn agfpg] 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
hdLgsf] 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
;e]{If0f;DaGwL
hDdf 174 226 389 198 33 462 771 912 432 409 1826 1094 702 293 283 114 402 169 432 9321
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] s'n hg;+Vof dWo] hDdf (,#@! hgfdf s'g} g s'g} lsl;dsf] ljz]if ;Lk jf bIftf ePsf] b]lvG5 . oL dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L
lzIf0f lzsfO{;DaGwL ;Lk jf bIftf ePsfx¿sf] ;+Vof !,%$), bf];+|f]df cGo ;Lk / bIftf ePsfx¿sf] ;+Vof !,#!^^ /x]sf] 5 . t];|f]df kf]zfs
agfpg]÷l;pg];DaGwL ;Lk ePsfx¿sf] hg;+Vof !,!*@ hgf /x]sf 5g\ . oL afx]s h'Qf, rKkn agfpg], 5kfO;DaGwL, KnlDaª;DaGwL, ;flxTo >[hgf
tyf OlGhlgol/ª;DaGwL l8hfOg ug]{sf] ;+Vof gu0o /x]sf] 5 . ;du|df x]bf{ s'g}klg k|sf/sf] ;Lk jf bIftf x'g' cfkm}df /fd|f] eP tfklg
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cfw'lgs ;dfhdf cfjZos kg]{ vfnsf ljz]if ;Lkx¿ tyf ljZjljBfnoaf6 k|fl1s ;l6{lkms]6 -k|df0fkq_ lnP/ tof/ ePsf] bIf
hgzlSt h:t} 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, d]sflgS;, ljifout ljz]if1x¿sf] ;+Vof cToGt Go"g b]lvG5 . bIf hgzlStsf] cfo:t/ pRr x'g] x'gfn] ljsf; lgdf0f{df
;xof]u k'Ug'sf ;a} pQm hgzlStsf] hLjgofkg u'0f:t/Lo x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf] hgzlStn] lbuf] ljsf;df k|ToIf e"ldsf v]Nb5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
clwsf+z hg;+Vof cbIf jf cw{bIf x'gfn] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] lbuf] ljsf;df 7"nf] k|of; ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;fy} dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;nfO{ pRr
k|fyldstfdf /fVg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 134

%=!=* tflndsf] cjlwsf] cfwf/df ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 73 M tflnd cjlwsf] cfwf/df ljj/0f
tflndsf] cjlw
j8f & dlxgf–! # jif{ eGbf hDdf
! dlxgf @ – #dlxgf $– ^dlxgf !–@jif{ @ – #jif{
jif{ a9L
1 42 31 64 22 7 4 4 174
2 43 85 43 28 16 10 1 226
3 70 50 120 95 38 14 2 389
4 18 12 66 77 17 4 4 198
5 6 15 11 1 0 0 0 33
6 67 75 149 100 35 25 11 462
7 68 127 238 206 93 22 17 771
8 104 221 142 248 96 70 31 912
9 36 148 163 44 24 10 7 432
10 65 61 167 93 13 4 6 409
11 239 339 439 570 170 47 20 1824
12 49 150 326 423 75 58 13 1094
13 60 251 241 89 44 14 3 702
14 57 76 73 71 12 3 1 293
15 18 75 70 71 22 16 11 283
16 2 31 60 14 5 1 1 114
17 58 64 110 132 34 3 1 402
18 5 62 39 48 13 2 0 169
19 22 125 130 126 19 9 1 432

hDdf 1029 1998 2651 2458 733 316 134 9319

k|ltzt 11.04% 21.44% 28.45% 26.38% 7.87% 3.39% 1.44% 100.00%

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ! dlxgf tflnd lng]sf] ;+Vof !,)@( hgf cyf{t !!=)$ k|ltzt /x]sf], @
b]lv # dlxgf;Dd tflnd lng]sf] ;+Vof !,((* cyf{t @!=$$ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 eg] $ b]lv ^
dlxgf;Dd tflnd lng]sf] ;+Vof @,^%! cyf{t @*=$% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L & dlxgf b]lv !
jif{;Dd tflnd lng]sf] ;+Vof @,$%* cyf{t @%=#* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . ! jif{ b]lv # jif{;Dd tlnd
lng]sf] ;+Vof Go"g /x]sf] b]lvof] .
%=@ ckfËtf;DaGwL ljj/0f
z/L/sf cËx¿ / zf/Ll/s k|0ffnLdf ePsf] ;d:ofsf sf/0f ef}lts, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts
jftfj/0fsf ;fy} ;~rf/ ;d]taf6 l;h{gf ePsf] cj/f]w ;d]tn] b}lgs lqmofsnfk ;fdfGo¿kdf
;~rfng ug{ Pj+ ;fdflhs hLjgdf k"0f{ ;xefuL x'g sl7gfO x'g] cj:yfnfO{ ckfËtf elgG5 .
vf;u/L JolQmx¿df ckfËtf x'g] sf/0f cfof]l8go'Qm g'gsf] k|of]usf] sdL,u|fdL0f If]qdf d'v gw'g]
;d:ofsf sf/0f pTkGg(Trachoma) /f]u, b'3{6gf, hGdhft, k|fs[lts k|sf]k, s'kf]if0f, :jf:Yo
a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 135
pkrf/ gkfP/, åGå jf o'4 jf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{sf] k|of]u cflb b]lvPsf 5g\ . h;nfO{ 36fpg
k|lt/f]wfTds / pkrf/fTds b'j} sfo{x¿ ul/g'kb{5 .g]kfnn] ckfËtf ePsf JolQm tyf
afnaflnsfx¿sf] xs lxt / clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f Pj+ ;Da4{g / ljsf; ug{ !( j6f If]qnfO{ ;d]6L
ckfË ;+/If0f tyf sNof0f P]g, @)#( / ckfËtf;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf, @)^# tof/ u/L sfof{Gjogdf
NofPsf] 5 . To;} u/L @)^^ k'; !@ ut] g]kfnn] ckfËtf ePsf JolQx¿sf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm
/fi6« ;+3Lo dxf;GwL, @))^ nfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 .
ckfËtf kl/rokq ljt/0f ug{sf nflu ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ ckfËtfsf cfwf/df zfl//Ls
ckfËtf, b[li6ljxLg / Go"g b[li6o'Qm, :j/af]nfO{;DaGwL ckfËtf, ;':t >j0f / alx/f, >j0f
b[li6ljlxgtf, dfgl;s ckfËtf af}l4s ckfËtf, ax'ckfËtf u/L ;ft lsl;dn] / ufDeL{otfsf
cfwf/df tx s -/ftf] /ªsf] kl/rokq_, tx v -gLnf] /ªsf] kl/rokq_, tx u -kx]nf] /ªsf]
kl/rokq_ / tx 3 -;]tf] /ªsf] kl/rokq_ u/L rf/ txdf ljeQm u/L kl/ro kq ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{
;'¿ ul/Psf] 5 . xfn;Dd of] ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs cfly{s cj:yfdf kl/jt{g Nofpg s]xL ;fdfGo
cfod'ns / ;Lkd'ns tflndx¿ ;~rfng ul/Ptf klg logLx¿sf] cfTdljZjf;nfO{ a9fpg /
;d'bfoaf6 x'g] u/]sf] pk]Iffaf6 d'Qm /fVg :yflgo ;|f]t ;fwg / lgsfox¿df of] ;d'bfosf] kx"Fr
k'¥ofpg ljleGg sfo{qmd Nofpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . ckfËtf kl/rokqsf] cfwf/df ckfË hg;+Vofsf]
lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 74 M ckfËtfsf] lsl;d cg';f/ hg;+Vof ljj/0f

ckfËtf zf/Ll/s b[li6;DaGwL;'gfO{;DaGwL >j0f :j/af]nfO{;DaGwL dfgl;s af}l4s pNn]v

j8f ax'ckfËtf s"n hDdf
gePsf] ckfËtf ckfËtf ckfËtf b[li6laxLg ckfËtf ckfËtf ckfËtf gePsf

1 3053 12 0 4 1 3 3 0 1 0 3077

2 6039 21 3 6 3 2 3 2 2 1 6082

3 9977 52 4 11 0 9 12 4 3 2 10074

4 4483 21 7 3 2 0 7 0 1 5 4529

5 2890 12 3 3 1 6 1 1 1 2 2920

6 5034 43 10 7 0 7 8 3 4 0 5116

7 10057 44 7 6 2 4 10 6 3 1 10140

8 9498 36 6 2 0 6 13 0 1 0 9562

9 5091 13 1 4 0 1 7 2 0 0 5119

10 5116 24 2 7 1 2 3 0 2 0 5157

11 43388 174 26 17 2 14 33 16 20 8 43698

12 11723 104 27 18 1 11 9 8 9 1 11911

13 13408 62 7 7 0 9 16 4 6 0 13519

14 4467 34 22 7 0 21 8 2 0 0 4561

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 136

 ckfËtf zf/Ll/s b[li6;DaGwL;'gfO{;DaGwL >j0f :j/af]nfO{;DaGwL dfgl;s af}l4s pNn]v
j8f ax'ckfËtf s"n hDdf
gePsf] ckfËtf ckfËtf ckfËtf b[li6laxLg ckfËtf ckfËtf ckfËtf gePsf

15 4224 33 17 3 0 9 5 2 0 0 4293

16 3159 14 1 3 0 0 16 1 0 0 3194

17 6399 28 6 14 1 8 10 2 3 0 6471

18 2577 18 5 1 0 5 5 0 2 0 2613

19 4464 33 8 13 0 2 9 6 5 0 4540

hDdf 155047 778 162 136 14 119 178 59 63 20 156576

k|ltzt 99.02 0.50 0.10 0.09 0.01 0.08 0.11 0.04 0.04 0.01 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^ sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] s"n !,%^,%&^
hg;+Vof dWo] !,%)( hgfdf s'g} g s'g} k|sf/sf] ckfËtf /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] zfl//Ls ckfËtf
ePsf &&* hgf, b[li6ljlxg ckfËtf ePsf !^@ hgf, ;'gfO;DaGwL ckfËtf ePsf !#^ hgf, :j/
af]nfO{;DaGwL ckfËtf ePsf !!( hgf /x]sf 5g\ . yk ckfËtf tyf j8fut ckfËtfsf] ljj/0f
tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

ckfËtf ;DaGwL ljj/0f

900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
zf/Ll/s b[li6 ;'gfO{ >j0f :j/af]nfO{ dfgl;s af}l4s ax'ckfËtf pNn]v
ckfËtf ;DaGwL ;DaGwL b[li6laxLg ;DaGwL ckfËtf ckfËtf gePsf
ckfËtf ckfËtf ckfËtf

%=# ljut !@ dlxgfdf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf k|fKt ug]{ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
;dfhdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf tyf k/]sf Ho]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{
;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQfsf] gfddf /fHosf]ifaf6 ;xof]u ug]{ cjwf/0ff sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] cjwf/0ff
xf] . lj=;+= @)%! b]lv Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ dfl;s !)) ¿k}ofF eQmf lbg] gf/f ;lxt ;' ¿ ul/Psf]
;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf clxn] Ho]i7 gful/ssf ;fy;fy} Psn dlxnf, ckfª\utf ePsf / blnt Ho]i7
gful/snfO{ ;d]t k|bfg ul/G5 . o;n] ;dfhdf k5fl8 k/]sf czQmx¿nfO{;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg
k|f]T;fxg x'g] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljt/0f ul/Psf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
eQfsf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 137

%=$ :jf:Yo If]qsf] cj:yf
g]kfnsf] n'lDjgL k|b]z cGtu{t t/fO{ If]qdf cjl:yt o;a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf ;'ud /xg'sf
;fy} :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO{ tyf ;d'bfosf] :j:ys/ afgL Jojxf/ klg cg's'n b]lvG5 .oxfFsf w]/}h;f]
hgtfn] cfjZostf cg';f/sf] :jf:Yo ;]jf lng ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . gu/df ;/sf/L / lghL
c:ktfnx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} :jf:Yo rf}sL, :jf:Yo rf}sL tyf lghL cf}ifwfnox¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
oBlk cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf b/aGbL cg';f/ :jf:YosdL{x¿ 5}gg\ . :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof
dGqfnosf] ;e]{If0f cg';f/ sl/a cfwfhlt hg;+Vofn] u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qaf6 :jf:Yo ;]jf
lnPsf] b]lvG5 . cfly{s l:ylt dha't ePsf tyf kx"Frjfnf JolQmx¿ dfq o; lsl;dsf] ;]jf
pkef]u ug{ ;kmn ePsf] kfOG5 . :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿df cf}iflwsf] sdL d'Vo ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . b'u{d j8fx¿df a:g] kl/jf/x¿n] :jf:Yo ;]jfsf nflu w]/} ;do vlr{g' kg]{ afWotf 5 eg]
jiff{tsf] ;dodf cem sl7gfO{ em]Ng' kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
%=$=! ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf] cj:yfsf] ljj/0f
afnaflnsfnfO{ ue{df /xFbfb]lv / hGd]kl5 :ofxf/ tyf /]vb]v ug{ ;lsPg eg] pgLx¿ ljleGg
/f]uaf6 ;+qmldt x'g] hf]lvd x'G5 . ue{df /xFbf d"ntM cfdfsf] pd]/, kf]if0f, cf/fd, dfbs tyf
;'lt{hGo kbfy{sf] ;]jgnufotsf cj:yfn] afnaflnsfsf] :jf:Yo lge{/ /xG5 . afnaflnsf :j:y
hGdgsf nflu ue{jtL dlxnfn] sDtLdf klg rf/k6s lgoldt :jf:Yo hfFr u/fpg'kb{5 /
cfjZos vf]k -l6=l6_ tyf cfO/g, le6fldg rSsLx¿ lgoldt ;]jg ug{'kb{5 . sd pd]/d} ue{jtL
x'Fbf cfdf / lzz' b'j}sf] :jf:Yodf xflggf]S;fgL k'Ug] ePsfn] ;/sf/n] sfg'gL ¿kdf ljjfx ug]{
Go"gtd pd]/ @) jif{ tf]s]sf] 5 . t/!& k|ltzt lszf]/Lx¿ !% b]lv !( jif{ pd]/df ue{jtL ePsf
jf cfdf eO;s]sf x'G5g\ -g]kfn hg;f+lVos tyf :jf:Yo ;j]{If0f, @)!!_ . ;/sf/n] :jf:Yo ;]jf
ljefudfkm{t ;'/lIft dft[Tj tyf gj lzz' :jf:Yosf nflu ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ul//x]sf] 5 . o;n] cfdf / afnaflnsfsf] d[To'b/ 36fpg w]/} d2t k'¥ofPsf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 75 M ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf] cj:yfsf] ljj/0f
>fj0f @)&# >fj0f @)&$ >fj0f @)&%
ljj/0f b]lv cfiff9 b]lv cfiff9 b]lv cfiff9
@)&$ @)&% @)&^
klxnf] k6s ue{jlt hfFt ;]jf lng]sf] ;+Vof 4216 3997 2819

k|f]6f]sn cg';f/ klxnf] k6s ue{jlt hfFr ;]jf lng]sf] ;+Vof 4476 3842 2776

k|f]6f]sn cg';f/ $ k6s ue{jlt hfFr ;]jf lng]sf] ;+Vof 2565 3672 2746

bIf k|;'ltsdL{af6 -8fS6/, g;{, tflnd k|fKt c=g=dL=_ k|;'lt u/fPsf] hDdf ;+Vof 12404 12758 10069

:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf k|;'lt ePsf] ;+Vof 12404 12758 10069

:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf k|;'lt ePsf hfthflt cg';f/sf] ;+Vof

k|f]6f]sn cg';f/ # k6s ;'Ts]/L hfFr u/]sf] ;+Vof 271 526 201

;'/lIft ue{ktg ;]jf

;|f]t M pkdxfgu/kflnsf :jf:Yo zfvf÷HMIS @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 138

%=$=@ ljut !@ dlxgfdf ;'Ts]/L ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] ;'Ts]/L u/fPsf] :yfg;DaGwL ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 76 M ;'Ts]/L ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] ;'Ts]/L u/fPsf] :yfg;DaGwL ljj/0f
;'Ts]/L u/fPsf] :yfg
j8f hDdf
3/df :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf cGo
1 1 33 0 34

2 2 66 0 68

3 4 70 3 77

4 3 51 0 54

5 4 33 0 37

6 0 43 1 44

7 0 89 3 92

8 0 63 0 63

9 2 40 0 42

10 0 64 2 66

11 10 332 52 394

12 6 152 3 161

13 0 115 24 139

14 5 58 16 79

15 1 34 2 37

16 1 29 0 30

17 5 97 0 102

18 1 33 1 35

19 1 85 0 86

hDdf 46 1487 107 1640

k|ltzt 2.80 90.67 6.52 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljut !@ dlxgfdf ;'Ts]/L ePsf dWo] ()=^& k|ltzt dlxnfn] :jf:Yo
;+:yfdf / @=*) k|ltztn] 3/df / ^=%@ k|ltzt dlxnfn] cGo :yfgdf ;'Ts]/L u/fPsf] tYofÍ 5 .
:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] ;+Vof j9L eP tfklg 3/df / :jf:Yo ;+:yf aflx/ ;'Ts]/L u/fpg]sf]
;+Vof ;d]t pNn]Vo /x]sf] x'Fbf To;n] cfdf / lzz'sf] :jf:Yo k|ToIf ¿kdf hf]lvddf kb{5 . ;t
k|ltzt :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf g} ;'Ts]/L u/fpg] jftfj/0f >[hgf u/L Jofks hgr]tgfsf] ljsf; u/L
jly{ª ;le{;nfO{ lj:tf/ ug'{ h¿/L b]lvG5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 139

%=$=# !% b]lv $( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnfn] xfn;Dd hLljt ;Gtfg lbP÷glbPsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 77 M !% b]lv $( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnfn] xfn;Dd hLljt ;Gtfg lbP÷glbPsf] ljj/0f
j8f g+=
ljj/0f hDdf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

! ;Gtfg ePsf] 123 406 614 309 134 330 703 627 192 360 2814 717 865 286 274 170 376 144 289 9733

@ ;Gtfg ePsf] 136 480 765 353 223 440 999 926 282 499 4312 1250 1451 434 432 285 449 250 455 14421

# ;Gtfg ePsf] 60 225 216 131 109 183 287 245 79 106 1378 411 433 171 147 116 184 112 170 4763

$ ;Gtfg ePsf] 26 54 35 31 46 44 73 52 15 22 367 111 89 57 29 45 63 28 47 1234

% ;Gtfg ePsf] 5 19 13 6 20 22 16 7 6 4 94 27 14 21 8 7 18 4 11 322

^ ;Gtfg ePsf] 4 8 2 3 6 6 4 5 0 2 37 4 4 4 5 5 10 4 7 120

& ;Gtfg ePsf] 2 2 0 1 2 4 1 0 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 26

* jf ;f]eGbf a9L 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 7 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 0 21
;Gtfg ePsf]
;Gtfg hGdlbg] dlxnf 356 1195 1645 834 541 1029 2084 1862 575 994 9017 2523 2857 974 895 631 1103 546 979 30640

;Gtfg hGd glbg] 268 201 501 139 91 138 298 260 564 215 1286 331 394 106 132 79 535 53 134 5725
dlxnf
hDdf dlxnf 624 1396 2146 973 632 1167 2382 2122 1139 1209 10303 2854 3251 1080 1027 710 1638 599 1113 36365

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 140

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf xfn tYofÍ cg';f/ !% b]lv $( jif{ pd]/;d"xsf #^,#^% hgf dlxnfx¿dWo]
@ j6f lhljt lzz'nfO{ hGdlbg] dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof ;a}eGbf w]/} cyf{t !$,$@! hgf ePsf] kfOof]
eg] bf];|f]df ! hgf lhljt lzz' hGd lbg] dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof (,&## /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L # hgf
lhljt lzz' hGd lbg] dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof $,&^# /x]sf] 5 .* jf * eGbf a9L lhljt lzz' hGdfpg]
dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof ;d]t @! hgf x'g'n] w]/} lzz' hGdfpg] ljutsf] k|j[lt kfsf] pd]/ ;d"xsf
dlxnfx¿df cjz]ifsf ¿kdf /x]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 .! b]lv # j6f lhljt lzz'nfO{ hGdlbg]sf] ;+Vof
eg] ;a}eGbf a9L /x]sf] 5 . of] tYofÍaf6 qmdzM pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] kl/jf/sf] cf}ift cfsf/df
cyf{t dlxnfsf] v'b k|hgg\ b/ 36\b} u}/x]sf] kfOG5 . kl/jf/ lgof]hg sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/Ltf,
k|hgg\ :jf:ydf cfPsf] r]tgf / lzIffsf] ;fdflhs / kfl/jfl/s hfu/0fdf k/]sf] ;sf/fTds
k|efjsf sf/0f kl/jf/sf] cfsf/ 36\g] qmddf /x]sf] kfOG5 . o; tYofÍsf] csf{]kIf eg]sf] ;Gtfgg}
gePsf dlxnfx¿sf] hg;+Vof xf] .pbfx/0fsf nflu !% jif{ b]lv $( jif{ pd]/ ;d"xdf ;Gtfg
ghGdfPsf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof %,&@% /x]sf] 5 . d'Votof dlxnfsf] k|hgg\ :jf:ydf ePsf] hl6ntf,
k|hgg\ :jf:Yo af/]sf] r]tgfsf] sdL, cf}ifwf]krf/df kx'Frsf] sdL, kf]if0fsf] sdL, r'/f]6 tyf gzfn'
kbfy{sf] k|of]u, j+zf0f'ut sf/0f cflbn] dlxnfdf afFemf]kg cfpg ;Sg] tYonfO{ dgg\ u/L To;tkm{
plrt sbd rfNg' kg{] b]lvG5 . dlxnfdf afFemf]kg x'Fbf b]vf kg]{ dlxnf lx+;f tyf gsf/fTds
;fdflhs Jojxf/n] n}lËs lx+;f a9fPsf] tYo xfdL ;fd' /x]sf] 5 . j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tyf
;du| ljj/0f b'O{j6f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
%=$=$ kl/jf/ lgof]hg
kl/jf/ lgof]hgaf6 x'g] kmfObfsf af/]df ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 ul/Psf cWoog cg';Gwfgaf6 cfdf,
aRrf / gjhft lzz'sf] :jf:Yo ;'wf/ ug{ pNn]vgLo e"ldsf v]Ng] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . ;fy}
o;n] n}lËs ;dfgtf, dlxnfsf] lzIff / j[lQ ljsf; ug{sf] nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . To; sf/0f
u'0f:t/Lo kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;g\ !((! b]lv k|hgg :jf:Yo sfo{qmd / kl/jf/
lgof]hg sfo{qmdnfO{ lj:tf/ u/L c:ktfn, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|, :jf:Yo rf}sL, ufpF3/ lSnlgs /
3'DtL lzlj/x¿df lj:tf/ u/L dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]jLsfåf/f ;]jf k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 78 M kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ljjj/0f
>fj0f @)&@ >fj0f @)&# >fj0f @)&$
ljj/0f b]lv cfiff9 b]lv cfiff9 b]lv cfiff9
@)&# @)&$ @)&%
lkN; 328 537 335
l8kf] 443 600 391
gofF k|of]ustf{sf] ;+Vof
cfO{ o'=;L=8L= 179 374 361
O{DKnfG6 192 399 391
lkN; 6055 8754 4047
l8kf] 7371 13644 3574
xfn k|of]u ul//x]sfx¿sf] ;+Vof
cfO{ o'=;L=8L= 8883 7210 2815
O{DKnfG6 5510 32442 28365
aGYofs/0f u/fpg]sf] ;+Vof - - -
s08d ljt/0f ;+Vof 166801 162434 127120
;|f]t M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf, :jf:Yo zfvf÷HMIS @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 141

%=$=% vf]ksf] ljj/0f
afnaflnsf eljiosf lgdf{tf x'g\ . o;sf] nflu logLx¿ :j:Yo / lg/f]uL x'g' cfjZos 5 . afns
cj:yfdf pgLx¿nfO{ aL=;L=hL= Ps k6s, 8L=kL=6L= tLg k6s, bfb'/f Ps k6s, kf]lnof] / le6fldg
tf]lsPsf] dfqfdf lbg} kb{5 . afnaflnsfx¿sf] nflu kfFrcf]6} vf]kx¿ lgoldt / k'/f dfqfdf lbg'
kb{5 .g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6«o vf]k sfo{qmdnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] 5 . vf]k sfo{qmd sd
vlr{nf] tyf ldtJooL ¿kdf ul/g] :jf:Yo If]qsf] Pp6f k|efjsf/L k|oTg xf] . vf]k sfo{qmdn]
pNn]Vo ¿kdf afnd[To'b/ 36fpg / ljleGg /f]unfO{ /f]syfd ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofOPsf] 5 . h;n] ubf{
lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] afnd[To'b/ 36fpg] nIo -Pd=8L=hL=–$_ k|fKt ug{ ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 .
afNosfn tyf pd]/ k'u]kl5 nfUg ;Sg] k|f0f3fts /f]ux¿ h:t} Ifo/f]u, Eofu't] /f]u, nx/] vf]sL,
wg'if6+sf/, x]kf6fOl6; aL, OGNk'moGhf 6fOk aL, kf]lnof], Go"df]lgof, bfb'/f, ¿a]nf / hfkflgh
OG;kmnfOl6;\ lj¿4 r/0fa4 ¿kdf ;dod} vf]kx¿ clgjfo{ ¿kdf nufpg' kb{5 . tL vf]kx¿
qmdzM BCG, DPT, OPV, PCV, IPV, MR, JE / ID x'g\ . o;/L vf]kx¿ ;dod} nufpFbf cToGt
;Lldt nufgLdf 7"nf /f]ux¿sf] hf]lvdaf6 d'Qm eO{ afn d[To'b/ lgoGq0f ug{] k|efjsf/L pkfo
x'G5 .
tflnsf g+= 79 M vf]k ;]jfsf] ljj/0f
>fj0f @)&# >fj0f @)&$ >fj0f @)&%
ljj/0f b]lv cfiff9 b]lv cfiff9 b]lv cfiff9
@)&$ @)&% @)&^
3190 3337 3718
lj=l;=lh=
2759 3140 3738
l8=lk=l6=
2759 3140 3738
x]kf6fOl6; ælaÆ
2740 3153 3337
bfb'/f
2759 3140 3758
kf]lnof] #
2024 1806 2062
l6=l6 -ue{jtL dlxnf_
;|f]t M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf, :jf:Yo zfvf÷HMIS @)&^
tflnsf g+= 80 M vf]k ;]jf 5f]8\g] afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f
>fj0f @)&# >fj0f @)&$ >fj0f @)&%
ljj/0f b]lv cfiff9 b]lv cfiff9 b]lv cfiff9
@)&$ @)&% @)&^
lj=l;=lh=/ bfb'/f 450 184 381

l8=lk=l6=÷x]kf6fOl6; ælaÆ÷Pr=cfO=le ! / 220 -99 -347

l8=lk=l6=÷x]kf6fOl6; ælaÆ÷Pr=cfO=le #
vf]k gnufPsf afnaflnsf 0 0 0

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 142

%=$=^ % jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf k"0f{ vf]ko'Qm afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 1 M % jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf k"0f{ vf]ko'Qm afnaflnsfsf] ljj/0f
k"0f{vf]k kfPsf k"0f{vf]k gkfPsf yfxf 5}g hDdf
j8f
afns aflnsf cGo hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf afns aflnsf hDdf afnd aflnsf cGo hDdf
1 118 91 0 209 2 2 4 3 3 6 123 96 0 219
2 228 220 0 448 30 32 62 21 17 38 279 269 0 548
3 385 332 0 717 10 9 19 8 5 13 403 346 0 749
4 140 116 0 256 19 14 33 3 6 9 162 136 0 298
5 139 101 0 240 5 3 8 4 2 6 148 106 0 254
6 196 182 1 379 7 15 22 0 0 0 203 197 1 401
7 442 340 0 782 9 8 17 1 1 2 452 349 0 801
8 333 275 0 608 14 9 23 4 2 6 351 286 0 637
9 203 167 0 370 1 6 7 1 2 3 205 175 0 380
10 193 155 0 348 19 14 33 0 1 1 212 170 0 382
11 1832 1579 0 3411 97 71 168 14 15 29 1943 1665 0 3608
12 556 443 0 999 43 34 77 1 0 1 600 477 0 1077
13 604 454 0 1058 58 47 105 3 2 5 665 503 0 1168
14 200 187 0 387 20 13 33 3 3 6 223 203 0 426
15 163 133 0 296 20 11 31 5 3 8 188 147 0 335
16 111 111 0 222 16 17 33 8 6 14 135 134 0 269
17 301 306 0 607 19 23 42 2 2 4 322 331 0 653
18 93 94 0 187 16 13 29 1 3 4 110 110 0 220
19 178 151 0 329 39 31 70 0 0 0 217 182 0 399
hDdf 6415 5437 1 11853 444 372 816 82 73 155 6941 5882 1 12824
k|ltzt 50.02 42.40 0.01 92.43 3.46 2.90 6.36 0.64 0.57 1.21 54.13 45.87 0.01 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 143

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf kfFr jif{;Ddsf s'n !@,*@$ afnaflnsfx¿ dWo] !!,*%# cyf{t
(@=$# k|ltztn] k"0f{¿kdf vf]k nufPsf] kfOof] eg] *!^ cyf{t ^=#^ k|ltzt afnaflnsfx¿n] eg]
k"0f{ vf]k gnufPsf] kfOof] . To;}u/L !%% cyf{t\ !=@! k|ltztnfO{ vf]k k'/f eP gePsf] af/] yfxf
gePsf] c:ki6 pQ/ kfO{Psf] 5 . olt 7"nf] ;+Vofsf afnaflnsfx¿ vf]kaf6 6f9f x'Fbf pgLx¿sf]
:jf:Yo hf]lvddf kb{5 . o;n] afn d[To'b/ a9fpg] / afnssf] cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf k|fKt u/L
afFRg kfpg] df}lns clwsf/ ;d]t xgg\ x'g] x'Fbf o; tkm{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] Wofg k'Ug' h¿/L 5 .
j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

k"0f{ vf]ko'St kfFr jif{ d"lgsf afnaflnsfx¿sf] j8fut hg;+Vofsf] ljt/0f

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
vf]k k'/f ePsf] vf]k k'/f gePsf] yfxf gePsf]

%=$=& afNosfndf x'g] /f]usf hf]lvd

% jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfnfO{ ljleGg /f]un] ;+qmd0f ug]{ pRr ;+Defjgf /xG5 . g]kfn hg;f+lVos
tyf :jf:Yo ;j]{If0f, @)!! sf cg';f/ afNosfndf x'g] k|d'v ;+qmd0f Pj+ d[To'sf sf/0fsf ¿kdf
Zjf;k|Zjf;;DaGwL /f]u, lgdf]lgof, emf8fkvfnf, s8f hnlaof]hg, dn]l/of, bfb'/f / s'kf]if0f
kb{5g\ . ;/sf/n] tL /f]uaf6 arfpg tyf /f]usf] /f]syfd ug{, afNosfndf x'g] /f]ux¿sf] ;d'bfodf
cfwfl/t PsLs[t Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd nfu" u/]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdn] oL /f]usf] PsLs[t Joj:yfkg
;d'bfod} ub{5 .
%=$=* lzz' tyf % jif{ d'lgsf afn d[To'b/
/fli6«o hg;f+lVos tyf :jf:Yo ;e]{If0f, @)!^(National Demographic and Health Survey, 2016)
sf cg';f/ gjhft lzz' d[To'b/ k|ltxhf/ @!, lzz' d[To'b/ k|lt xhf/ #@ / kfFr jif{d'lgsf] afn
d[To'b/ k|lt xhf/ #( /x]sf] tYofÍ ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfFr
jif{d'lgsf] afn d[To'b/ tyf lzz' d[To'b/sf] tYofÍ geP tfklg /fli6«o tYofÍn] oxfFsf] cj:yf
cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 144

%=$=( afnkf]if0f ;DjGwL ljj/0f
s'g} klg 7fpFsf] kf]if0fsf] cj:yf To; 7fpFsf afnaflnsfnfO{ x]/]/ ;lhn} cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 .
kf]lift afnaflnsfnfO{ s'g} klg 7fpFsf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s ljsf;sf] ;'rssf] ¿kdf x]g{ ;lsG5 .
;/sf/n] klg kf]if0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ % jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ lgoldt ¿kdf afnj[l4
cg'dfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .afnclwsf/;DaGwL dxf;+GwL, !(*( n] ;d]t afnaflnsfnfO{ cjx]ngf,
a]jf:tf, x]nr]qmfO, b'Jo{jxf/, lx+;fnufotaf6 hf]ufO{ vfgf / kf]if0fsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{
pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ n] klg vfB ;Dk|e'tfnfO{ df}lns xssf ¿kdf /fv]sf]
5.
:jf:Yo / kf]if0f dfgj hLjgsf] klxnf] dxTjk"0f{ cfjZostf ePsf] / :j:y gful/s lagf /fi6«sf
cGo ljsf; lqmofsnfkx¿ k|efjsf/L x'g g;Sg] ePsf] x'Fbf hg:jf:Yosf] cWoog of]hgf th'{df
k|lqmofsf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ lx:;f x'g cfpF5 . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /fli6«o gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf
cfwfl/t eO{ afn :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, Joj:yfkg sfo{qmd, k|fylds :jf:Yo
;]jf k'ghf{u/0f sfo{qmd, /f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd, :jf:Yo lzIff, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ sfo{qmd,
dxfdf/L tyf /f]u lgoGq0f sfo{qmd tyf Ifdtf ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf
5g\ . :jf:Yo tyf kf]if0f;DaGwL sfo{ ug{sf nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3 ;+:yfx¿ ;d]t
sfo{/t /x]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] ;xof]usf nflu pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf :jf:Yo ;~hfn
lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 2 M afnkf]if0f;DaGwL ljj/0f
>fj0f @)&# >fj0f @)&$ >fj0f @)&%
ljj/0f b]lv cfiff9 b]lv cfiff9 b]lv cfiff9
@)&$ @)&% @)&^
% jif{eGbf d'lgsf] afnaflnsfsf] a[l4 cg'udg -k6s_ 3330 2556 1266

ue{jtL dlxnfx¿sf nflu cfO/g rSsL ljt/0f -hgf_ 4476 3842 2776

!*) cfO{/g rSsL kfPsf ue{jtL dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof 12425 9523 3244

ue{jtL dlxnfx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf] h'sfsf] cf}iflw -hgf_ 4476 3842 2776

le6fldg P kfPsf ;'Ts]/L dlxnfx¿sf] ;+Vof 12890 8470 3208

^ dlxgf b]lv % jif{;Ddsf aRrfx¿nfO[ v'jfPsf] le6fldg P -hgf_

;|f]t M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf, :jf:Yo zfvf÷HMIS @)&^

%=$=!) hGdbfsf] avt lzz'sf] tf}n;DaGwL ljj/0f

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljut !@ dlxgfdf hGd]sf lzz'x¿sf] hGdbfsf] tf}nsf cfwf/df x]bf{ hDdf
!,^$) lzz' hlGdPsf]df @=% s]=hL=eGbf sd tf}n ePsf lzz'x¿sf] ;+Vof @#* cyf{t !$=%!
k|ltzt / @=% s]=hL= eGbf a9L tf}n x'g]sf] ;+Vof !,$)@ cyf{t *%=$( k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . @=%
s]= hL= eGbf sd tf}nsf] lzz' hGdg'df ue{jtL x'Fbf cfdfsf] plrt :ofxf/ / vfgkfg gk'Ug' tyf
cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ kf]if0f;lxtsf] cfxf/ gx'g', w'd|kfg / lszf]/L cj:yfd} cfdf aGg' h:tf sf/0fx¿
lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\ . o:tf lzz'x¿sf] lzz' d[To'b/ ;d]t pRr /xG5 . t;y{ o;sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 145

pko'Qm pd]/df ljjfx, plrt vfgkfg / :ofxf/sf] k|aGw ug'{sf ;fy} ue{jtL cj:yfdf kl/jf/sf
;b:ox¿n] ue{jtLsf] plrt x]/rfx k'¥ofpg' cfjZos x'G5 . j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf
k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 3 M ljut !@ dlxgfdf hGd]sf lzz'x¿sf] hGdbfsf] tf}nsf cfwf/df j8fut ljj/0f
j8f @=% s]hLeGbf sd @=% s]hLeGbf a9L hDdf
1 7 27 34

2 7 61 68

3 5 72 77

4 2 52 54

5 4 33 37

6 5 39 44

7 30 62 92

8 5 58 63

9 10 32 42

10 7 59 66

11 81 313 394

12 10 151 161

13 11 128 139

14 8 71 79

15 14 23 37

16 6 24 30

17 14 88 102

18 1 34 35

19 11 75 86

hDdf 238 1402 1640

k|ltzt 14.51 85.49 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 146

 ljut !@ dlxgfdf hGd]sf lzz'x¿sf] hGdbfsf] tf}nsf cfwf/df j8fut ljj/0f
350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

@=% s]hL eGbf sd @=% s]hL eGbf a9L

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 147

 %=$=!! !) jif{eGbf dflysf hg;+Vofsf] klxnf] ljjfx ubf{sf]] pd]/;DaGwL ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 4 M !) jif{eGbf dflysf hg;+Vofsf] klxnf] ljjfx ubf{sf]] pd]/;DaGwL ljj/0f
klxnf] ljjfx ubf{sf] j8f g+=
hDdf k|ltzt
pd]/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

!% k'¿if 19 39 27 33 12 16 28 58 27 231 172 33 40 62 19 37 44 105 29 1031 1.19%

jif{eGbf
sd dlxnf 24 178 225 132 37 156 174 249 131 343 914 330 359 256 144 190 261 193 149 4445 5.14%

!%–!( k'¿if 152 347 278 138 110 221 347 325 149 163 1890 589 496 237 174 277 532 254 313 6992 8.09%
jif{ dlxnf 386 1018 1275 646 457 797 1683 1386 666 708 6912 2146 2425 773 838 546 1191 405 850 25108 29.06%

@)–@$ k'¿if 234 600 1136 571 364 503 1141 924 441 422 4363 1180 1549 462 454 265 613 231 433 15886 18.38%
jif{ dlxnf 306 496 1275 587 232 532 1167 1112 657 477 4662 1210 1403 411 419 268 502 219 475 16410 18.99%

@%–@( k'¿if 275 366 693 301 217 435 696 827 510 311 3078 709 886 285 284 148 287 82 268 10658 12.33%
jif{ dlxnf 125 113 177 90 46 112 186 241 140 96 636 170 218 64 73 30 87 27 78 2709 3.14%

#)–#$ k'¿if 50 96 131 89 53 103 162 213 139 72 465 141 165 40 59 47 72 10 40 2147 2.48%
jif{ dlxnf 14 15 20 13 9 16 32 26 14 10 67 33 28 4 12 5 9 2 7 336 0.39%

k'¿if 17 22 22 15 12 22 25 34 13 18 72 27 21 11 21 9 23 2 2 388 0.45%

#%–#( jif{
dlxnf 4 10 7 4 3 3 14 10 4 3 15 7 9 3 4 1 3 0 2 106 0.12%

$) jif{ jf k'¿if 5 11 8 10 2 12 10 7 6 6 25 5 13 5 6 2 6 0 2 141 0.16%

;f]eGbf
a9L dlxnf 4 3 3 1 3 4 4 2 0 2 9 7 3 1 3 2 1 0 1 53 0.06%

k'¿if 752 1481 2295 1157 770 1312 2409 2388 1285 1223 10065 2684 3170 1102 1017 785 1577 684 1087 37243 43.10%
hDdf
dlxnf 863 1833 2982 1473 787 1620 3260 3026 1612 1639 13215 3903 4445 1512 1493 1042 2054 846 1562 49167 56.90%

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 148

n}lËs cfwf/df ljjflxt hg;+Vofsf] klxnf] ljjfx ubf{sf] pd]/sf] ljj/0f x]bf{ klxnf] ljjfx ubf{sf]
pd]/ !% jif{eGbf sd ePsf k'¿if !,)#! hgf / dlxnf $,$$% hgf /x]sf] kfOof] . o;}u/L klxnf]
ljjfx ubf{sf] pd]/ !% b]lv !( x'g] k'¿ifsf] ;+Vof ^,((@ / dlxnfsf] ;+Vof @%,!)* /x]sf] 5
cyf{t\ s'n ljjflxt dlxnfx¿dWo] @(=)^ k|ltzt dlxnfx¿sf] !( jif{ gk'Ub} jf k'Ubf k'Ub} ljjfx
e};s]sf] b]lvG5 .;du| dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] ;+o'Qm tYofÍnfO{ x]bf{ ;a}eGbf a9L #&,%&^ hgf cyf{t\
$#=$( k|ltzt ljjflxtx¿sf] klxnf] ljjfx ubf{sf] pd]/ !( eGbf sd g} /x]sf] 5 . sfg"gL ¿kdf
x]bf{ ;d]t d'n"sL b]jfgL -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ sf] k|fjwfg cg';f/ @) jif{eGbf sd pd]/df ljjfx
ug{ aGb]h /x]tf klg To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf gfh's b]lvG5 . l56f] ljjfx ugf{n] cWoog tyf
/f]huf/Ldf kg{] gsf/fTds k|efjsf ;fy} zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ljsf;;d]t k"0f{¿kdf ge};s]sf]
cj:yfdf ljjfx ubf{ To;n] zf/Ll/s, kfl/jfl/s / ;fdflhs ¿kdf hl6ntf yKg] lglZrt 5 .
t;y{ pko'Qm ;dodf ljjfx ug{ clgjfo{ ug'{kg{] / l56f] ljjfx ug{] sfo{nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] lg¿T;flxt
ug'{kg{] b]lvG5 . ;du| ljsf;nfO{ dWogh/ ubf{ @% b]lv @( jif{sf] pd]/ ljjfxsf nflu pko'Qm
dfGg ;lsG5 . pd]/ ;d"xcg';f/sf] j}jflxs l:yltsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

n}lËs cfwf/df ljjflxt hg;+Vofsf] klxnf] ljjfx ubf{sf] pd]/sf] ljj/0f

30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
15 jif{ 15 jif{ –
jf ;f]eGbf 19 jif{ 20 jif{ – 25 jif{ –
sd 24 jif{ 29 jif{ 30 jif{ – 35 jif{ –
34 jif{ 40 jif{ jf
39 jif{ ;f]eGbf
k'?if dlxnf dfly

%=$=!@ klxnf] aRrf hGdlb+bf dlxnfsf] pd]/sf] ljj/0f

sfg"gL / k|hgg :jf:ysf] b[li6sf]0faf6 @) jf ;f] jif{eGbf sd pd]/df cfdf aGg' u}/sfg"gL /
dft[ tyf lzz' b'j}sf] :jf:Yosf b[li6sf]0faf6 hf]lvdk"0f{ dflgG5 . zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, cfly{s ¿kdf
ckl/kSj cj:yfdf uef{wfg / ;Gtfg hGdfpFbf Psftkm{ ckl/kSj, sd tf}nsf], zf/Ll/s / af}l4s
¿kdf ljsnfË lzz' hGdg ;Sg] hf]lvd pRr /xG5 eg] csf]{tkm{ uef{j:yfsf] x]/ljrf/, dft[ tyf
lzz'sf] :ofxf/, vfgkfg, ;/;kmfOh:tf ljifodf kof{Kt hfgsf/L gx'Fbf cfdf / lzz' ljleGg
k|sf/sf ;+qmd0fsf] l;sf/ x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf /xG5 .
g]kfnn] ;x>flAb ljsf; nIo 2000-2015 sf aLrdf dft[ tyf lzz' :jf:ysf] If]qdf pNn]vgLo
k|ult xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ 1990 nfO{ cfwf/ jif{ dfGbf g]kfndf s"n 1000 hLljt hGd ePsf
lzz'dWo] !)* hgfsf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf]df of] ;+Vofdf ;f/e"t ¿kdf lu/fj6 cfO{ ;g\ 2015;Dd 33
df em/]sf] 5 eg] % jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf afnaflnsfsf] d[To'b/ -k|lt xhf/_ 38 df em/]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L ;g\ 1990 nfO{ cfwf/ jif{ dfGbf dft[d[To' -k|lt Psnfv_ df 850 /x]sf]df ;g\ 2015

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 149

;Dd 258
df em/]sf] b]lvG5 eg] tflnd k|fKt :jf:ysdL{af6 k|;'lt u/fpg] dlxnfsf] cg'kft
55.6% k'u]sf] tYof+s b]lvG5 -Nepal and the Millennium Development Goals Final Status Report
2000-2015_ . o;/L x]bf{ ;du| dft[ tyf lzz' :jf:ysf] If]qdf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gsf ;+s]tx¿ b]vf
kl//x]sf 5g\ .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf s"n #),^^^ dlxnfnfO{ klxnf] ;Gtfg hGdlb+bf pgLx¿sf] pd]/sf] af/]df
;f]lwPsf] k|Zgdf *& hgf cyf{t\ )=@* k|ltzt dlxnfn] !% jif{eGbf sd pd]/df / (,@(! hgf
cyf{t\ #)=#) k|ltzt dlxnfn] !%–!( jif{sf] lardf klxnf] ;Gtfg hGdfPsf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L
!^,^#^ cyf{t\ %$=@ k|ltzt dlxnf @)–@$ jif{ pd]/df, #,(#& cyf{t\ !@=*$ k|ltzt dlxnf @%–
@( jif{ pd]/df / %&! hgf cyf{t\ !=*^ k|ltzt dlxnf #)–#$ jif{ pd]/df cfdf ag]sf] b]lvG5
eg] #% jif{dfly klxnf] k6s cfdf aGg]sf] ;+Vof hDdf !$$ hgf cyf{t\ )=$& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 5 M !%–$( pd]/;d"xsf ljjflxt dlxnfx¿sf] klxnf] aRrf hlGdbfsf] pd]/;DaGwL ljj/0f
klxnf] aRrf hGdlbFbf cfdfsf] pd]/
hDdf cfdfsf]
j8f #% jif{ jf
!% jif{ eGbf sd !% – !( jif{ @) – @$ jif{ @% – @( jif{ #) – #$ jif{ ;+Vof
;f]eGbf a9L
1 1 69 160 92 24 10 356
2 8 448 567 133 27 12 1195
3 1 391 927 298 24 8 1649
4 5 174 510 113 29 4 835
5 5 234 234 56 10 2 541
6 7 341 491 162 20 8 1029
7 3 608 1175 252 37 9 2084
8 3 409 1014 357 68 16 1867
9 0 111 311 132 21 0 575
10 2 253 564 148 22 5 994
11 23 2712 5091 1045 129 30 9030
12 8 818 1356 282 45 14 2523
13 0 802 1662 331 51 14 2860
14 7 352 512 90 13 0 974
15 2 257 507 112 14 3 895
16 0 214 349 60 8 0 631
17 6 486 492 99 18 2 1103
18 2 262 224 56 2 0 546
19 4 350 490 119 9 7 979
hDdf 87 9291 16636 3937 571 144 30666
k|ltzt 0.28% 30.30% 54.25% 12.84% 1.86% 0.47% 100.00%
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^
%=$=!# d'Vo /f]ux¿sf] ljj/0f
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] d'Vo /f]ux¿df bd, SofG;/, h08L; -sdnlkQ_, /Qmrfk -pRr tyf lgDg
/Qmrfk_, Zjf; k|Zjf;;DaGwL /f]ux¿, d'6';DaGwL /f]ux¿, 6fpsf];DaGwL -a|]g Xofd/]h_,
sn]hf];DaGwL /f]u, d[uf}nf;DaGwL /f]u, Ifo/f]u, lgdf]lgof, Uofl:6«s÷cN;/÷cfG›fsf] /f]u, ¿3fvf]sL,
ˆn', x}hf÷emf8f kvfnf÷cfpF, 6fOkmfO8, of}g /f]u, s'i6/f]u tyf dfgl;s /f]u cflb kb{5g\ .
a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 150
%=$=!$ bL3{ /f]usf] k|sf/cg';f/ bL3{ /f]uLsf] ljj/0f
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s'n hg;+Vof dWo] bL3{ /f]usf sf/0f lkl8tx¿sf] ;+Vof !@,!!) /x]sf] 5 . oL dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L /Strfk -pRr÷Go"g_ ePsf
#,#^! hgf, bf];|f]df dw'd]x x'g]x¿sf] ;+Vof @,!^% hgf, t];|f]df cGo /f]u nfu]sfx¿sf] ;+Vof !,^(& hgf /x]sf 5g\ eg] o; afx]s afy÷hf]gL{ b'vfO{,
d'6';DaGwL /f]u, Uofl:6«s÷cN;/÷cfGb|fsf] /f]u, bd, dlxnf;DaGwL /f]uL, Zjf;k|Zjf;;DaGwL /f]uLx¿sf] nufotsf bL3{/f]uLx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} cGo
bL3{ /f]uLx¿sf] ;+Vof ;d]t w]/} /x]sf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L vfgkfg / hLjgz}nL, w'd|kfg, dWokfg, zfl//Ls Jofofdsf] sdL, dfgl;s lrGtf tyf a+zf0f'ut
sf/0fn] bL3{ /f]ux¿ nfU5g\ . t;y{ o:tf /f]ux¿ sd ug{ Jofks :jf:Yo r]tgf km}nfpg] vfnsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . lj:t[t ljj/0f
tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 6 M bL3{/f]u /f]usf] k|sf/cg';f/ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f
j8f g+=
bL3{/f]usf] k|sf/ hDdf k|ltzt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
/Qmrfk -pRr÷Go"g_ 10 160 286 169 68 179 330 295 117 107 495 264 256 110 85 85 80 70 195 3361 27.75
db'd]x 18 140 101 115 107 143 190 174 79 66 450 153 113 69 34 32 54 23 104 2165 17.88
cGo 11 92 153 52 25 35 274 106 122 29 217 83 199 64 24 47 67 13 84 1697 14.01
afy/hf]gL{ b'vfO{ 2 109 99 37 23 62 61 62 22 39 234 108 126 78 60 90 34 32 79 1357 11.21
d'6';DaGwL /f]u 12 43 59 46 17 39 68 69 44 25 154 74 81 54 37 21 27 11 53 934 7.71
Uofl:6«s÷cN;/÷cfG›fsf] 2 64 49 22 9 22 21 29 22 21 150 66 86 77 52 45 31 16 46 830 6.85
/f]u
bd 7 44 41 17 19 18 42 28 12 14 138 74 50 33 19 14 12 12 40 634 5.24
dfOu|]g 0 30 11 5 5 8 14 10 2 5 106 26 19 6 30 1 2 4 12 296 2.44
:qL /f]u 1 15 8 5 5 1 13 6 3 1 85 4 30 11 8 8 12 4 2 222 1.83
:jf; k|:jf;;DaGwL 0 3 15 3 0 15 9 3 6 3 43 18 22 22 15 2 9 6 8 202 1.67
d[uf}nf;DaGwL 1 10 12 3 2 9 16 14 5 13 29 19 11 22 2 2 3 4 13 190 1.57
ca{'b -SofG;/_ 0 4 4 5 3 3 4 13 4 3 17 8 7 0 5 3 3 2 4 92 0.76
sn]hf];DaGwL 0 6 3 0 1 6 4 0 1 1 7 7 3 1 4 0 2 0 1 47 0.39
k]zfut /f]u 0 1 7 5 0 0 1 3 2 3 4 1 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 32 0.26
kfls{G;g÷cNhfOd/ 0 0 7 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 6 1 0 2 2 1 0 2 0 26 0.21
5f/] /f]u 0 3 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 2 5 0 2 1 4 1 25 0.21
hDdf 64 724 856 485 286 541 1049 813 441 331 2136 908 1008 555 378 353 337 203 642 12110 100
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq| 151

 bL3{ /f]usf] k|sf/ cg';f/ bL3{ /f]uLx¿sf] hg;+Vof ljj/0f

kfls{G;g÷cNhfOd/
sn]hf] ;DaGwL
d[uf}nf ;DaGwL
:qL /f]u
bd
d'6';DaGwL /f]u
cGo
/Qmrfk -pRr÷Go"g_
0 1000 2000 3000 4000

tflnsf g+= 7 M bL3{/f]u /f]usf] ePsf] cjlwsf] cfwf/ hg;+Vofsf] ljj/0f

bL3{/f]uaf6 lkl8t ePsf] jif{
j8f g+= #–% ^–( !) – !$ !% – !( @) – @( $) jif{ jf
)–@ jif{;Dd #) – #( jif{
jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ jif{ ;f]eGbf a9L
1 7 12 15 13 4 7 2 4
2 175 226 127 98 41 19 9 29
3 126 281 152 148 82 41 9 17
4 86 144 105 68 46 25 3 7
5 34 155 36 37 16 8 0 0
6 108 157 117 72 40 36 6 5
7 212 319 219 170 76 46 5 2
8 156 223 151 115 80 63 19 6
9 76 147 87 64 35 25 4 3
10 66 115 60 55 16 15 2 2
11 428 739 355 318 144 107 19 26
12 176 307 156 139 76 38 9 7
13 233 364 168 115 65 44 8 11
14 110 176 104 81 42 26 10 6
15 99 113 63 42 23 21 9 8
16 62 122 63 50 33 20 2 1
17 91 128 51 29 17 14 1 6
18 45 74 33 27 8 12 1 3
19 163 229 100 85 33 22 5 5
hDdf 2453 4031 2162 1726 877 589 123 148
k|ltzt 20.26% 33.29% 17.85% 14.25% 7.24% 4.86% 1.02% 1.22%

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;Íng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 152

%=$=!% @)&%÷)&^ df pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf b]vf k/]sf !) k|d'v /f]ux¿sf] ljj/0f
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf kl5Nnf] ;do b]vf k/]sf !% k|d'v /f]ux¿sf] ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 8 M cf]lkl8 btf{sf] cfwf/df d'Vo !% /f]ux¿sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= k|d'v /f]ux¿
1 5fnf;DaGwL /f]u
2 Uofl:6«s
3 URTI
4 xf8÷hf]gL{;DaGwL /f]u
5 LRTI
6 DM
7 HTN
8 Interic fever
9 Diarrhoea
10 cfFvf;DaGwL /f]u
;|f]t M pkdxfgu/kflnsf :jf:Yo zfvf÷HMIS @)&^
%=% dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f
%=%=! afn Snax¿sf] ljj/0f
afnaflnsfx¿ ;+ul7t eO{ cfkm';Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{, k|ltlglwTj ug{ / cfˆg}
Ifdtf ljsf;, ;r]tgf nufot afn clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f k|a4{gdf ljljw lqmofsnfk ug{ g]kfndf
afn–;d"x, afn Snj, afnclwsf/ d~r cflbsf ¿kdf afnaflnsfx¿ lqmoflzn /x]sf 5g\ .
afnSna, afn–;xeflutfsf] Ps z;Qm dfWod ag]sf] 5 . h;nfO{ afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt y'k|}
gLltut b:tfj]hx¿df klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ ;d"xdf cfa4 u/fpg / pgLx¿;Fu
;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifodf dt JoQm ug{sf nflu ljleGg :t/sf gLlt tyf of]hgf lgdf{0fb]lv
sfof{Gjog / cg'udg;Dd afnSnasf] k|ltlglwTjnfO{ dfGotf lbOPsf] 5 .
JolQmut¿kdf pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf, ;lqmotf / g]t[Tjdf u7g ul/Psf
afnSnax¿n] afn clwsf/;DaGwL r]tgfd"ns sfo{x¿ ul//x]sf] 5g\ . afnSnax¿n] ;+rfng u/]sf
sfo{qmdx¿df -!_ hGdbtf{ k|rf/fTds cleofg, -@_ ljBfno egf{ cleofg, -#_ afn>d Go"gLs/0f
sfo{qmd, -$_ afn;xeflutf clej[l4 sfo{qmd, -%_ afnaflnsfnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] vf]k k|rf/ sfo{qmd,
-^_ lgMz'Ns lzIff k||rf/fTds / k|a4{gfTds sfo{qmd, -&_ eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf lzIff kfpg]
clwsf/af/] k|rf/k|;f/, -*_ jftfj/0fLo ;''wf/ sfo{qmd, -(_ cleefjs r]tgflzIff sfo{qmd / -!)_
afnljjfx pGd'ng;DaGwL k|rf/fTds sfo{qmd k|d'v /x]sf 5g\ .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 153

 tflnsf g+= 9 M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf o'jf Snjsf] ljj/0f
qm= ;+= o'jf Sna tyf v]ns'b Snasf] gfd 7]ufgf
1 hn ljgfos o'jf Snj j8f g+= !
2 plh/ l;+x o'jf Snj j8f g+= !
3 dxflj/ lqms]6 o'jf Snj j8f g+= !
4 j8f :t/Lo o'jf Snj j8f g+= !
5 j8f:t/Lo o'jf Snj j8f g+= @
6 dgsfdgf ax'p2]ZoLo o'jf Snj j8f g+= @
7 ;Kt/ËL o'jf Snj j8f g+= @
8 ldng o'jf Snj j8f g+= @
9 XofKkL Snj j8f g+= #
10 j8f o'jf Snj j8f g+= #
11 j8f afn Snj j8f g+= #
12 Hof]ltgu/ o'jf Snj j8f g+= #
13 lrl8of jf]Oh Snj j8f g+= #
14 nIdL :kf]6{;\ Snj j8f g++= $, nIdLgu/
15 cfbz{ o'jf Snj j8f g+= $, cfbz{gu/
16 ¿kfGt/0f o'jf Snj j8f g+= $, cfbz{gu/
17 /fwfs[i0f o'jf Snj j8f g+= %
18 sfnLsf :kf]6{ Snj j8f g+= %
19 cd/ o'jf Snj -lgis[o{_ j8f g+= %
20 nflkmª a'4 o'jf Snj j8f g+= %
21 /fwfs[i0f o'jf Snj j8f g++ ^
22 j8f afn Snj j8f g+= ^
23 lzjfno o'jf Snj j8f g+= &
24 ;f}efUo o'jf Snj j8f g+= &
25 ;+ud o'jf Snj j8f g+= &
26 cd/Hof]tL o'jf Snj j8f g++ &
27 lzjgu/ o'jf Snj j8f g+= &
28 u|Lg:6f/ o'jf Snj j8f g+= &
29 nfkmf Snj j8f g+= *
30 o'jf Snj j8f g+= *
31 ljZj zfGtL o'jf Snj j8f g+= (
32 gj zfGtL o'jf Snj j8f g+= (
33 ;okqL o'jf Snj j8f g+= !), /fd gu/
34 e"=k"\ ;}lgs sNof0f Snj j8f g+= !!
35 Go" Pstf, o'jf Snj j8f g+= !!
36 b]jL gu/ Snj j8f g+= !!
37 G-25Snj j8f g++ !!, b]jL gu/ rf}kf/L

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 154

qm= ;+= o'jf Sna tyf v]ns'b Snasf] gfd 7]ufgf
38 ;'gf}nf ;+ud Snj j8f g+= !!
39 b]j l;+x o'jf Snj j8f g++ !!
40 j8f :tl/o o'jf ;~hfn j8f g+= !!
41 :6f/ Snj j8f g+= !!
42 Oef]n];g o'jf Snj j8f g++= !@, tfdgu/
43 dgsfdgf o'jf Snj j8f g+=!@, tfdgu/
44 kljqf Snj j8f g+= !@, bjfx
45 lgZrn lk;Pg o'jf Snj j8f g+= !@, e}/j ;femf
46 ld/ld/] o'jf Snj j8f g+= !#, ab]nkf]v/L @ g++ 6f]n
47 e'=k'= ;}lgs hjO{ :kf}l6{ª Snj j8f g+= !#, ;fn3f/L ;}lgs 6f]n
48 White Lotuso'jf Snj j8f g+= !#, ;+ud 6f]n
49 New Vision Foundation j8f g++ !#, blIf0f a]naf; 6f]n
50 j8f :tl/o o'jf Snj j8f g+= !$
51 j8f :tl/o afn Snj j8f g+= !$
52 j8f :tl/o o'jf Snj j8f g++ !%, ;]dnf/
53 j8f :tl/o afn Snj j8f g+= !%, ;]dnf/
54 gj k+Gr/Tg o'jf Snj j8f g+= !%, juLof 6f]n
55 Pe/]i6 o'jf Snj j8f g+= !%, ph]nfk'/ 6f]n
56 j8f :tl/o o'jf Snj j8f g+= !^,
57 o'jf Snj j8f g+= !&
58 ;d}of dfO o'jf Snj j8f g++= !*, ;f}/xf
59 em/gf o'jf Snj j8f g++ !*, wGbfk'/
60 l;4afaf o'jf Snj j8f g+= !*
61 o'jf Snj j8f g+= !(
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

%=^ v]ns'b tyf dgf]/~hg

%=^=! /+uzfnf, v]nd}bfg, Jofofdzfnf;DaGwL ljj/0f
v]ns'b If]qdf :j:y, k|lt:kwL{ hgzlQm pTkfbg u/L pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] v]n cg'zf;g / v]ns'b
ljsf;nfO{ an k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotf cg';f/ o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf v]ns'bsf] ljsf;
ePsf] kfOG5 . o;sf] nflu pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] ljleGg v'nf :yfgx¿ 5f]8]sf] 5 . t/ tL
:yfgx¿df v]ns'bsf] nflu s]xL dfq k"jf{wf/ tof/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;du|df eGg'kbf{ afnaflnsf
Pj+ o'jf hgzlQmsf] :j:y zf/Ll/s ljsf;sf] nflu geO{ gx'g] v]ns'bsf] If]qdf cToGt Go"g nufgL
x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ljutdf lgld{t v]ns'b;DaGwL k"jf{wf/x¿sf] dd{t ug{ klg lgs} 7'nf] nufgL
ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] 5 . o; qmdnfO{ ;+3Lo, k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ;xsfo{ /
;fem]bf/Lsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ub}{ n}hfg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 155

pkdxfgu/kflnsf dgf]/~hgsf] nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf v]ns'b d}bfgx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
elnan tyf km'6an d}bfgx¿ v'Nnf hdLg, rf}/, kfs{x¿df oxfFsf dflg;x¿n] dgf]/~hg lng]
u/sf] kfOG5 . tL v'nf hdLg, rf}/ tyf v]nd}bfg Jojl:yt d}bfgsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t klg eO/x]sf
5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf v]ns'b d}bfg;DaGwL ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 10 M /+uzfnf, v]n d}bfg, Jofofdzfnf, kf}8L kf]v/L;DaGwL ljj/0f
qm=;+= v]n d}bfg j8f g+= cg'dflgt If]qkmn
1 ax'd'vL SofDk; v]n d}bfg #
2 /fwf s[i0f o'jf Snasf] v]n d}bfg % &)x#) dL6/
3 l;b]Zj/ v]n d}bfg & !=@ x]S6/
4 ;okqL o'jf d}bfg !) @ s¶f
5 gx/k'/ df=lj= v]n d}bfg !! @ lj3f
6 /+uzfnf PGkmf !! @=% lj3f
7 b]jL gu/ v]n d}bfg !! @ lj3f
8 k|utLgu/ v]n d}bfg ;tu9L–!@ # lj3f
9 v]n d}bfg !@ ! lj3f
10 b'uf{gu/ v]n d}bfg b'uf{gu/–!@ !lj3f
11 s0f{]n plh/fl;+x hjO{ :kf]l6{ª Sna a'6jn–!# % lj3f
12 uf]/vf :k6{ 6«]lgË ;]G6/ a'6jn–!#
13 ld/ld/] o'jf Snasf] v]nd}bfg a'6jn–!# $ lj3f
14 Koflnldqf v]n d}bfg a'6jn–!# % lj3f
15 xl/ofnL v]n d}bfg a'6jn–!$ ! lj3f
16 sj8 xn juLof 6f]n–!% $ s¶f
17 km'6jn v]n d}bfg d'QmLwfd–!% !) s¶f
18 ph]nfk'/ lqms]6 d}bfg yf¿6f]n–!% ! lj3f
19 k|:tfljt lqms]6 d}bfg 8x/ufpF–!^ &–)–)
20 sk/sl§tfn sk/s§L–!^ !–!)–)
21 o'jf Sna v]n d}bfg a'6jn–!& # lj3f
22 e'=k'= ;}lgs v]n d}bfg a'6jn–!& # lj3f
23 xl/x/k'/ v]n d}bfg a'6jn–!& $ lj3f
24 ;f}/xf v]n d}bfg ;f}/xf–!* !–!@–)–)
25 wGbfk'/ v]n d}bfg wGbfk'/–!* !–!%–)–)
26 uf}8Lsf] v]n d}bfg a'6jn–!( ! lj3f
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 156

%=^=@ kfs{ tyf lkslgs :yn;DaGwL ljj/0f
qmlds¿kdf ljsl;t eO{/x]sf zx/f]Gd'v If]q tyf pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf kfs{ tyf pBfgx¿
;fj{hlgs ;Dkltx¿ x'g\ . If]qx¿n] ljz]ifu/L pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] kof{j/0fLo k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'/lIft
u/L xl/t If]qnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ oL If]qx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 . b}lgs lgoldt sfdsfhaf6
k//xL dfgl;s :km"lt{ / :jR5tfsf nflu dgf]/~hgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . dgf]/~hgsf ljleGg
pkfox¿dWo] :jR5 tyf k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdf /dfpg] tyf jgef]h ug]{ rng ;j{JofkL / k|flrg
rng xf] .

e"uf]n kfs{ j8f g+= #

;fj{hlgs ;Dkbfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf pBfg, kfs{ tyf v]nd}bfgx¿sf] lbuf] ¿kdf ;+/If0f ljsf; /
lj:tf/ ug{ ;s] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'Fb} hfFbf oL If]qx¿ kof{j/0fLo dxTjsf
lx;fan] cToGt cfjZos / dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . oL If]qx¿nfO{ xl/t If]qsf] ¿kdf lj>fd :yn tyf
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf sfod ug{ ;xof]u ub{5g\ . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf
ljz]if kfs{ tyf pBfgx¿sf] ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 157

 uf]n kfs{
tflnsf g+= 11 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ePsf] kfs{, lkslgs :yn tyf dgf]/~hg :ynx¿sf] ljj/0f
cg'dflgt jflif{s
qm=;+= gfd 7]ufgf If]qkmn :jfldTj ljz]iftf
cfuGt's ;+Vof
1 lzv/ b]p/fnL kfs{ hnljgfos–! ;fd'bflos ko{6sLo 3500

2 ;x>wf/f hnljgfos–! ;fd'bflos ko{6sLo

3 ;/:jtL dlGb/ kfs{ j8f g+= ! ;fd'bflos ko{6sLo
4 dl0fd's'Gb kfs{ dl0fd's'Gb 6f]n–@ @ lj3f ;fd'bflos ;a} 500,000

5 nIdL kfs{ nIdLgu/–$ * lj3f ;fd'bflos ko{6sLo 40000

6 efg' kfs{ l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ / ;fd'bflos

b/jf/sf] aLrdf–$
7 z+vw/ ;fVo 6«flkms rf]s–$ ;fd'bflos
8 lxnkfs{ kl/ifb\ j8f g+= & ;fd'bflos
9 ldngkfs{ j8f g+= !@ @@ x]= ;fd'bflos ko{6sLo 100,000

10 lk;kfs{ j8f g+=!@ !) x]= ;fd'bflos ko{6sLo 500,000

11 rf/kfnf au}Frf j8f g+= !@ !) x]= ;fd'bflos P]ltxfl;s

12 jf6/ kfs{ jj8f g+= !# * lj3f ;fd'bflos ko{6sLo 50,000

13 !)* j/ lkkn au}Frf d'QmLwfd 6f]n–!% ! lj3f ;fd'bflos wfld{s 5000

14 kfs{ tyf lkslgs :yn j8f g+= !& @# lj3f ;fd'bflos

;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 158

%=& zflGt ;'/Iffsf] ljj/0f
;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe'lt b]zsf] ;+ljwfgdf ;'lglZrt x'G5 . ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v eP cg'¿k /fHon]
gful/snfO{ ;'/lIft cfef; u/fpg ;Sg' kb{5 . x/]s /fi6«sf gful/sx¿nfO{ gful/s ;'/Iff k|bfg
ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj xf] . gful/sn] cfˆgf] /fHodf ;'/lIft dx;''; x'g kfpg'k5{ . o;nfO{ r':t
agfpg gful/s ;dfhsf] klg Tolts} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ePsf ck/flws tyf ;fdflhs lgod aflx/sf sfo{ rf]/L 8s}tL nufotsf
cGo sfo{x¿ oL ;'/Iff lgsfo dfkm{t ;dfwfg x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
jif{el/df s'g} clk|o 36gf 36]sf] btf{ vf;} ul/Psf] b]lvPg .pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ;fgfltgf
em}emu8f, s'6lk6, ;fFw, l;dfgfdf ljjfb, rf]/L 8s}tL, 7uL, 3/]n' lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ obfsbf x'g]
u/]sf] :yfgLoaf;Lsf] egfO{ 5 . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] ljj/0f tflnsfdf
k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 12 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf zflGt ;'/Iffsf ljj/0f
qm=;+= ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] gfd j8f /x]sf] :yfg
1 g]kfn k|x/L 3

2 g]kfnL ;]gf 3

3 6«flkms rf]s k|x/L lj6 4 6«flkms rf]s

4 cd/ky k|x/L lj6 4 cd/ ky
5 j8f k|x/L sfof{no 8 /fdgu/
6 j8f lj6 8 >j0f ky
7 ;z:q k|x/L sfof{no 8 ;8s ljefu
8 j8f k|x/L lj6 9 a;kfs{
9 k|x/L tflnd s]Gb| kl/;/ 10 sflnsfgu/
10 b'uf{ gu/ c:yfoL k|x/L lj6 11 b'uf{gu/
11 c:yfoL k|x/L lj6 11 b]ljgu/
12 gofFufpF rf}sL 12 gofFufpF
13 ;z:q a]; SofDk 17

;|f]tM pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 159

 v08– ^M hnjfo', jg tyf jftfj/0f
^=! hnjfo'
;dosf] cGt/fndf k[YjLsf] jfo'd08n, xfjfsf] ult / df};ddf ePsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0f k[YjL tyf
o;sf] s'g} efusf] cf};t df};ddf cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ g} hnjfo' kl/jt{g elgG5 .hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf sf/0f df};ddf km]/jbn x'g], jiff{ ;dodf / lgoldt gx'g], df};dL kmnkm"n tyf
t/sf/Ldf km]/abn x'g], lxdung, cltj[li6, cgfj[li6, x'/Latf; x'g] cflb c;/ b]vf k5{g \ .
ljZjJofkL ¿kdf a9]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g @! cf}F ztfAbLsf] ;a}sf] ;femf r'gf}tLsf] ljifo /x]sf] 5 .
Ps /fi6«sf] Psn k|of;n] dfq o;sf] Go"gLs/0f ;Dej gx'g] ePsfn] o;sf c;/ Go"gLs/0fsf]
nflu ;a}sf] ;femf rf;f] / ;xof]u cfjZos b]lvG5 . ljZjsf clwsf+z d'n'sdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf]
c;/ b]vfkg{ yfn]sf] 5 .
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ sd ug{sf] nflu ePsf k|of;x¿M
cGt/f{li6«o k|of;x¿
 ljleGg /fi6«x¿ ;lDdlnt k[YjL;Dd]ng / To;n] kfl/t u/]sf Ph]G8fx¿
 ;do–;dodf x'Fb} cfPsf sf]k;Dd]ngx¿
 ljZjsf /fi6«x¿sf] Wofgfsif{0f ug{ dflNbE;åf/f kfgLd'lg dlGqkl/ifb\ a}7s ePsf],
 Sof]6f] k|f]6f]sn cle;lGw hf/L ul/Psf]
 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL cle;lGw !((@ hf/L ePsf]
 xfd|f] ;femf eljio gfds k|ltj]bgnufot cGo y'k|} k|of; ePsf
/fli6«o k|of;x¿
 g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] efu # sf] wf/f #) df :jR5 jftfj/0f;DaGwL xsnfO{
df}lns xssf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf],
 wf/f %! sf] /fHosf] gLltdf k|s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gdfkm{t hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{
Go"gLs/0f u/L o;jf6 aRg] pkfox¿sf] cjnDagdf hf]8,
 /fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf],
 jftfj/0f P]g @)%# / lgodfjnL @)%$ sf] Joj:yf ePsf], /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf
jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g @)@( sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf],
 hnjfo' kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ePsf /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o ;ef–;Dd]ngsf] g]kfn
kIf /fi6« eO{ ;f]xL cg'¿ksf] sfo{ ePsf],
 o; ;DaGwdf ljZjsf] Wofg cfslif{t ug{ ;u/dfyfsf] cfwf/–lzlj/ sfnfkTy/df /
d'u'sf] /f/fdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] a}7s a;]sf],
 hnjfo' kl/jt{g gLlt @)&% th'{df ePsf],
^=!=! hnjfo'sf] ;du| ljj/0f
s'g}klg :yfgsf] ;du| ljsf;df hnjfo'sf] cj:yfn] Jofks c;/ kfb{5 . csf]{tkm{ g]kfndf ljifd
ef}uf]lns cj:yf ePsfn] ef}uf]lns cj:yf cg'¿ksf] xfjfkfgL x'g] x'gfn] dflg;sf] ;du|

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 160

hLjgz}nL, rfnrng, pTkfbg k|0ffnL nufot ;du| dfgj hghLjgsf cfofdx¿;Fu hnjfo'sf
kIfx¿ cGt/ ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu pRr lxdfnL e]udf ef}uf]lns lx;fan] hl6n e"–
w/ftn x'G5 eg] xfjfkfgL klg zLt k|wfg x'G5 . lxpFbofddf lxdkft x'g] / v]ltkftL lgs} gu0o
dfqfdf x'g] ub{5 . o;y{ xfjfkfgL af/]df hfgsf/L x'g' cToGt cfjZos /x]sf] 5 .
^=!=@ hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{gsf c;/x¿
s'g}klg :yfgsf] hnjfo'n] ToxfFsf dflg;x¿sf] hghLjgnfO{ k|ToIf k|efj kfb{5 eg] k|s[lt pk/
x'g] dfgjLo ultljlwx¿n] ;d]t hnjfo'nfO{ plQs} c;/ ub{5 . ljz]ifu/L ljZjdf ePsf] cf}Bf]lus
qmflGt, lj1fgsf] ljsf;, Ol~hgx¿sf] ljsf;, hg;+Vof j[l4 cflbn] jgh+un / kof{j/0fdf Jofks
gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] 5 . ljz]if u/L Jofks¿kdf eO{/x]sf] sfa{g pT;h{g / Snf]/f]km\nf]/f] sfa{g
h:tf /;fogx¿sf] sf/0f xl/tu[x k|efj (Green House Effect) j[l4 eO{ ljZjsf] tfkqmd qmdz
j[l4 x'g yfn]sf] 5 .o;n] Jofks¿kdf hnjfo' kl/jt{g eO{ To;sf c;/ :j¿k cltj[li6, cgfj[li6,
k|fs[lts ljkb\x¿, af9L, klx/f], ;fd'lb|s t6x¿sf 8'afg h:tf ;d:of b]vfkg{ yfn]sf] 5 . o;n]
:yfgLo :t/af6} ljsf; lgdf{0f tyf dfgjLo Jojxf/x¿d} kl/jt{g u/L hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf
c;/x¿nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ jftfj/0f d}qL Jojxf/x¿ cjnDag ug'{ clgjfo{ ePsf] 5 .
^=!=# hnjfo'sf] kl/jt{gsf c;/x¿ ;fdgf ug]{ sfo{qmdx¿
dfly pNn]v ul/P h:t} hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf k|d'v sf/s tTjx¿ g} k|s[lt pk/ x'g] dfgjLo
ultljlwx¿ g} x'g\ . t;y{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/x¿nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ log} dfgjLo
ultljlwx¿nfO{ Jofks¿kdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . To;f] ubf{ jftfj/0fd}qL Jojxf/x¿nfO{ ;+j]bgzLn
lx;fan] cEof; ug'{kb{5 . csf]{tkm{ dfgjLo Jojxf/x¿df k"0f{ lgoGq0f ug'{ c;Dej h:t} x'G5 .
t;y{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/x¿nfO{ k"0f{t z'Godf emfg{ ;lsFb}g . o; kl/l:yltdf To:tf
c;/x¿sf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu :yfgLo:t/ af6} hnjfo' cg's"ntfsf sfo{qmdx¿
;~rfng ul/g'kb{5 .
^=@ jg If]qsf] cj:yf tyf h}ljs ljljwtf
^=@=! pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf kfO{g] k|d'v jg:klt / jGohGt'x¿sf] ljj/0f
ef}uf]lns ljljwtfn] >[hgf u/]sf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf sf/0f g]kfn ljZjd} h}ljs ljljwtfsf lx;fan]
;DkGg d'n'sdf kb{5 . l;ldt ef}uf]lns If]q leq ;d]t 7'nf] h}ljs ljljwtf kfO{G5 . g]kfnh:tf]
cltsd ljsl;t /fi6«sf nlfu h}ljs ljljwtf cfkm}df Ps a/bfg x'g ;S5 . olb o;sf] ;+/If0f /
lbuf] ;b'kof]u x'g ;Sof] eg] . o; v08df h}ljs ljljwtf cGtu{t o; If]qdf kfO{g] k|d'v
jg:kltx¿, jGohGt'x¿, hnr/, r/fr'¿ËL cflbsf] ljj/0f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
^=@=@ k|d'v jg:kltx¿sf] ljj/0f -sfi7 tyf u}x| sfi7_ h8La'6L 5'\6\ofP/
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf s]xL pi0f tyf ;dlztf]i0fhnjfo' ePsf] sf/0f kfOg] k|d'v jg:kltsf
k|hfltx¿df, l;;f}+, l;dn, hfd'g, sbd, vo/, s/d, lk7f/L, 5ltjg, jf]x/L, vdf/L, asfO{gf],
OKkLn, l6s, j/, kLkn, a]n, cdnf, lgd, knfF;, cfFk, 8'd|L, s6x/, lnrL, gl/jn, jo/, sfFzL
cdnf, s}Fbn, /fhj[If, czf]s, r]/L, ;dL, d;nf, j8x/, cDaf, s]/f, sfutL,;l/kmf, cgf/-bfl/d_,

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 161

ltqL, kml8/, c;f/], ;fh, ;fbg, s'DeL, x/f]{–a/f]{, xNn'8], l;/L;, tf/L, s';'d, Sofd'gf, baba], 6'gL,
;fGbg, sdf{, dfntL, kfFrkft], jg;'Gtnf, s'DeL, g]jf/f],;k]6f . o;} u/L l3;|g] hGt'x¿df x/x/],
l;l/;], wfdg, x/]p, 9f]l8of, ;'guf]xf]/f], 5]kf/f], clhFu/, leQL, ;k{, u8\of}nf, h'sf, cGo ls6ktª\u
cflb / r/fr'¿ËLx¿df 8fFkm], d'gfn, sf]OnL, d}gf, ;'uf, 9's'/, n'OFr], uf}ynL, sfu, eFu]/f, do'/,
x'l66\ofpF, x'lrn, h'/]nL, lrn, afh, sf]6]/f, 7]pjf, a§fO, lra], Eofs'/, lkm:6f], ¿kL, lu4, wg]z,
sflnh, nf6f]sf];]/f], rd]/f], xfF;, k/]jf, s'v'/f, ltqf, wf]aL r/f], xf8kmf]¿jf, s¥ofªs'¿ª, eb|fO{,
;f/; cflb k|hfltsf :yfgLo / cfk|jf;L r/fr'¿ËLx¿ kfOG5g\ .
h8La'6L;DaGwL ljj/0f
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] jg If]qdf kfOg] h8La'6Lx¿df af]emf], l;pF8L, £o's'df/L, t'n;L, afa/L, e+[u/fh,
l/6\7f, x/f]{, a/f]{, lr/fFOtf], cdnf, ¿lbnf], ltt]kftL cflb kfO{G5 . oL h8La'6Lx¿ ;+sng tyf laqmL x'g]
k|;:t ;Defjgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
^=@=# k|d'v jGohGt'x¿sf] ljj/0f
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf kfOg] k|d'v jGohGt'x¿df lrt'jf,afFb/, xfkl;nf], aFb]n, AjfF;f], :ofn,
/ftf] afFb/, jg la/fnf], b'D;L, lgufn] af3, hËnL d';f, dn ;fk|f], Gofp/L d';f, nf]vs]{ cflb /x]sf
5g\ .
^=@=$ k|d'v r/fr'¿ËLx¿sf] ljj/0f
o; ufpFklnsfdf k+IfL k|hftLdf sflnh, 9's'/, x'lrn, nf6f]sf];/f], sfu, h'/]nL, uf}ynL, k/]jf,
rd]/f, ;f/f}+, eFu]/f, sfnf] ltqf, l;d ltqf, n'O{+r], wg]z,;'uf, sfnf] lu4, nfdf] 7'F8] lu4, l;nl;n],
s6'; 6fps] df}/L r/L, hËnL nf6f]sf];]/f], lrn, sf]O{nL, x'§L 6\ofpF, sfnf] 9f8] nfxfFr], eb|], ;fgf]
hn]jf, ;fgf] as'nf, nfn;/, sfnf] e"F8Lkmf]/, lre], tf]k r/f, sf]sn], h'/]nL÷a'na'n, ufhn] r/L,
wf]aL r/f, Zofdf, /fgL r/L, l5/la/] df6f] sf]/], sflnh, lgns07, a§fO{, s'y'|s], 7"nf] rd]/f], eFu]/L
afh, yf]Kn] nf6f]sf];]/f], as'nf, dn]jf cflb k|d'v 5g\ .
l3;|g] lhjhGt'x¿
o; ufpFklnsfdf ljz]if u/L l3;|g] hLjhGt' cGtu{t ;k{, kfgL ;k{, 5]kf/f], uf]xf]/f, ;'g uf]xf]/f],
s5'jf, Eofu'tf kfO{Psf 5g\ .
sL/f km6\ofª\u|fx¿
df}/L, vfuf], k'Tsf], s7]p/L, uf]a|]sL/f, h'sf, laR5L, vh'/f], em'l;nf], af¿nf], p8';, cl/+ufn,
zª\v]sL/f, aR5\o'F, dfs'/f, 8fF;, kt]/f], ;fª\nf], nfdv'6\6] ;of}+ k|sf/sf ls/f km6\ofË|fx¿ cflb .
tflnsf g+= 14 M jGohGt' tyf kz'k+IfL
qm=;+= :yfgLo gfd c+u|]hL gfd j}1flgs gfd
:tgwf/L -Mammals_
!= s:t'/L d[u Musk Deer Moschus moschiferus
@= lrt'jf Common Leopard Panthera pardus

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 162

 qm=;+= :yfgLo gfd c+u|]hL gfd j}1flgs gfd
#= :ofn Jackle Canis aureus
$= WjfF;] lrt'jf Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa
%= efn' Black Bear Selenarctos thibetanus
^= n+u'/ afFb/ Common Langur Presbytes entellus
&= rd]/f] Fruit bat Rousettus spp.
*= ;fns Pangolin Manis crassicaudata
(= xfa|] Red Panda Ailurus fulgens
!) v/fof] Rufus tailed hare Lepus nigricollis
k|d'v 3;|g] hgfj/x¿ -Reptiles_
!= ;fwf/0f ;k{ common cat snake Bioga trgonata
#= uf]xf]/f] CommonIndian monitor lizard Varanus spp.
#= 5]kf/f] Common lizard Calotes versicolor
k+IfL -Aves_
!= 9's'/ Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis
@= jg s'v'/f Red Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus
#= do'/ Common Peafowl Pavo cristatus
$= 8fFkm] Impeyan Pheasant Lophophorus impejans
%= sflnh Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelana
^= d'gfn Crimson Horned Pheasant Tragopan satyra
&= ltqf Black Patridge Francolinus fracolinus
*= sfu House Crow Carvus macrorhynchos
(= sf]OnL Cuckoo Cuculus spp.
!) h'/]nL Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer
;|f]t M lhNnf jg sfof{no, @)&^

^=@=% jgsf k|sf/x¿ juL{s/0f ;lxt ;a}sf] ljj/0f -;fd'bflos, /fli6«o, lghL, wfld{s
cflb_
g]kfndf d'Votof :jfldTj / Joj:yfkgsf cfwf/df jg If]qnfO{ ljleGg ju{df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5
. jg P]g, @)$( / To;df ePsf kl5Nnf ;+zf]wg cg';f/ jgsf k|sf/x¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ kl/eflift
ul/Psf] 5 .
s= /fli6«o jg
/fli6«o jg eGgfn] jftfj/0f ;Gt'ng sfod /fvL jgsf] ljsf;, ;+/If0f tyf jg k}bfjf/sf] pkof]u
/ ljqmL ljt/0f ug{ tof/ ul/Psf] jg;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf eGg] a'lemG5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 163

/fli6«o jg eGgfn] lghL jg afx]s g]kfn leqsf] jg l;dfgf nufO{Psf] jf gnufO{Psf] ;a} jg
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] jgn] 3]l/Psf] jf jgsfv] 5]p5fpdf /x]sf] ktL{ jf P]nfgL hUuf tyf jg
leq /x]sf] af6f], kf]v/L, tfn jf vf]nfgfnf / au/ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
v= rsnf jg
rsnf jg eGgfn] slDtdf kfFr ;o x]S6/ If]qkmn ePsf] ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt jgsf] s'g} efu eGg]
a'lemG5 .
u= ;fem]bf/L jg
;fem]bf/L jg eGgfn] l8lehg jg sfof{no, :yfgLo tx / pkef]Qmfsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf Joj:yfkg ul/g]
/fli6«o jgsf] s'g} efu a'lemG5 .
3= wfld{s jg
wfld{s jg eGgfn] jgsf] ljsf;, ;+/If0f / pkof]u ug{ s'g} wfld{s lgsfo, ;d"x jf ;d'bfonfO{
;'lDkPsf] /fli6«o jgnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
ª= lghL jg
lghL jg eGgfn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} JolQmsf] xs k'Ug] lghL hUuf nufO{ x'sf{OPsf] jf
;+/If0f ul/Psf] jgnfO{ hgfpF5 .
^=@=^ ;fd'bflos jg
;fd'bflos jg eGgfn] ;fd'lxs lxtsf] nflu jgsf] ljsf;, ;+/If0f / pkof]u ug{ pkef]Qmf
;d"xnfO{ ;'lDkPsf] /fli6«o jgnfO{ hgfpF5 . :yfgLo afl;GbfnfO{ jg ;+/If0f / pkof]udf ;xeflu
agfpg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt cg';f/ o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf lhNnf jg sfof{no dfkm{t
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"x u7g u/L jg x:tfGt/0f ug{] sfd klg eO/x]sf] 5 .jg P]g, @)$(
tyf jg lgodfjnL, @)%! n] Joj:yf u/] adf]lhd ;fd'bflos jgsf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf
Joj:yfkgsf] ;Dk"0f{ hjfkmb]xL ;DalGwt jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx¿ g} x'G5g\ . of] sfo{qmd z'¿df nfu"
x'Fbf o;sf] p2]Zo gfËf 8fF8f kfvfx¿df xl/ofnL a9fpg] / ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{, sf7, bfp/f /
8fn]3fF; nufot jg k}bfjf/sf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k'lt{ ug]{ /x]sf] lyof], t/ clxn] o;
sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo p2]Zodf ljkGg kl/jf/x¿sf] ul/jL lgjf/0f, hLljsf]kfh{g, h}ljs ljljwtfsf]
;+/If0f, lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg, ;'zf;g, ;dfj];Ls/0f, n}lËs ;dfgtf, ljz]if ul/ dlxnf, blnt tyf
hghfltsf] ;xeflutf h:tf gofF gofF ;jfnxx¿ ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf]n] o; sfo{qmdn] ul/jL
Go'lgs/0fdf ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sg] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . lhNnf jg sfof{nosf] k|fljlws
;xof]udf ;d"xsf] :jLs[t ljwfg tyf jg sfo{of]hgf adf]lhd pkef]Qmf ;d"xsf] lqmofsnfkx¿
;+rfng tyf ;fd'bflos jgsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g, Joj:yfkg tyf jg k}bfjf/sf] ;b'kof]u x'g] u/]sf]
5 . ljutsf] ;dodf yf]/} hg;+Vofsf] t'ngfdf k|z:t jg If]q ePsf]n] klg jg ;+/If0feGbf
pkof]udf dfq hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 t/ uPsf] s]xL jif{b]lv jg If]q jl/kl/sf hgtfdf gofF hfu/0f
b]lvPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos jgx¿df ljBdfg ;+/If0f / cfˆgf] ;fd'bflos jg k|ltsf] nufjsf] kl/0ffd
:j¿k phf8 / d¿e"dLs/0ftkm{ pGd'v x'Fb} vf]nf / vx/]x¿n] u|l;t ePsf jgIf]qx¿ cfh
k|fs[lts ¿kdf ;+/lIft ePsf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos jgsf pkef]Qmfx¿;Fu k|fljlws 1fg / jgsf]
pTkfbsTj a9fpg cfjZos kg]{ k|ljlwsf] cefj v8\lsPsf] 5 . t;y{ jg Joj:yfkg sfo{nfO{

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 164

k|efjsf/L agfpg ;fd'bflos jgx¿nfO{ ;|f]t, ;fwg / k|ljlwo'Qm hgzlQmsf] pknAwtf x'g' h¿/L
5 . pkef]Qmfx¿df /x]sf k/Dk/fut jg ;+/If0f ljlwx¿sf cltl/Qm gofF ljlw / sfo{z}nLx¿sf]
ljsf; u/fpg h¿/L b]lvG5 . bIftf clej[l4sf lgldQ ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ tflnd,
uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/ / cjnf]sg e|d0fsf cj;/x¿ k|bfg ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsf / ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx¿sf] ;xeflutfdf ;fd'bflos jg leq u}/sfi7
jgk}bfjf/sf] pTkfbgnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ / ljleGg tflnd uf]i7L cWoog e|d0fx¿ ul/b} cfPsf 5g\ .
o;n] :yfgLo :t/af6 jg Joj:yfkgsf ;Dk"0f{ kIfx¿nfO{ cl3 a9fpg / jgIf]qsf] pTkfbg
a9fpg yk d2t ldNg] b]lvG5 . ;fd'bflos jgx¿sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf lgldQ lhNnf jg sfof{nosf]
hgzlQm dfqn] ;Dej gb]lvPsfn] pQm sfo{sf lgldQ jg;Fu cfj4 ljleGg u}=;=;=x¿nfO{
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf kl/rfng ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
;fd'bflos jgx¿sf] qmlds x:tfGt/0f / jg ;+/If0fsf k|efjsf/L pkfox¿sf] cjnDagn] k|fs[lts
k'g¿Tkfbg qmdzM a9\b} hfg] b]lvG5 . jgx¿af6 sf7 / bfp/fsf] k/Dk/fut pTkfbg lng] k|j[lQdf
kl/jt{g ub}{ hgtfnfO{ u}/sfi7 k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbgtkm{ pGd'v u/fpg'kg]{ / jGohGt'x¿sf]
Joj;flos kfng nufotsf ultljlwx¿af6 cfo ;|f]tx¿df j[l4 ug{ hg;xeflutfdf ljz]if hf]8
lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
jg ljsf; u'¿of]hgf, @)$^ n] k||fyldstfdf /fv]sf] ;fd'bflos jg ljsf; sfo{qmddf of]
pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] cu|0fL e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf jgx¿sf] ;+Vof w]/} ePklg tL
;a}nfO{ pkef]QmfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/;lsPsf] 5}g . o; a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] O{nfsf jg
sfof{no cg';f/ x:tfGt/0f ePsf ;fd'bflos jgsf] ljj/0f tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 15 M ;fd'bflos jgx¿sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= ;fd'bflos jgsf] gfd 7]ufgf 3/w'/L
1 nIdL cfbz{ a'6jn p=d=g=– $ / ^ 1050

2 r'/] a'6jn p=d=g=– # 410

3 a'6jn a'6jn p=d=g=–! / @ 919

4 lht]Zj/L a'6jn p=d=g=–!# 1905

5 rf/kfnf a'6jn p=d=g=– !@ 6831

6 dlxnf df]ltk'/–( 37

7 dgf]x/f :jnDjg dfltk'/–( 35

8 /tgk'/ ;]dnf/–@ 125

9 df]ltk'/ df]ltk'/–* 260

10 wGbfk'/ df]ltk'/–^ 49

11 xl/k'/ df]ltk'/–% 96

12 ;f}/fx df]ltk'/–* 72

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 165

qm=;+= ;fd'bflos jgsf] gfd 7]ufgf 3/w'/L
13 ;f}/lxof df]ltk'/–* 18

14 g/]Zj/ a'6jn–!* 101

15 lzjgu/ a'6jn p=d=g=– (, !) / !# 1979

17 /fdgu/ a'6jn p=d=g=– !) 486

;|f]t M O{nfsf jg sfof{no, ¿kGb]xL

^=@=& sj'lnotL jgsf] ljj/0f
sa'lnotL jg eGgfn] s]xL g]kfn ;+;f]wg ug]{ P]g, @)&% åf/f yk ul/Psf] ;d]t, ljleGg p2]Zo
k|flKt nflu k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt s'g} ;+:yf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t s'g} pBf]u jf
;d'bfonfO{ sa'lnot u/L k|bfg ul/Psf] /fli6«o jgnfO{ hgfpF5 . /fli6«o jg P]g, @-$_ sf]
kl/R5]b–^ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ /fli6«o jgsf] g} efu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu
5'6\ofOPsf] jgnfO{ sa'lnotL jg elgG5 .
-s_ jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]ux¿nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sRrf kbfy{ pTkfbg ug{,
-v_ j[Iff/f]k0f u/L jg k}bfjf/sf] pTkfbgdf clej[l4 u/L laqmL ljt/0f ug{ jf pkof]u ug{,
-u_ jgsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; x'g] u/L ko{6g Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{,
-3_ jgsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; x'g] u/L s[lif jg afnL sfo{ ;~rfng ug{,
-ª_ jgsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; x'g] u/L sL6, ktË tyf jGohGt'sf] kmfd{ ;~rfng ug{ .
^=@=* jg k}bfjf/;DaGwL ljj/0f -lgsf;L ePdf_
;fdfGotof jg k}bfjf/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u x'g] j:t'x¿ eg]sf sf7, bfp/f, h8La'6L, vf]6f], v/ cflb
x'g\ . jgsf] j}1flgs Joj:yfkg u/L jf xl/t If]qsf] ljsf; u/L o; k|sf/sf jg k}bfjf/x¿sf]
Joj;flos pTkfbg tyf lgsf;L u/L cfly{s pkfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 . ljz]ifu/L jgn] cf]u6]sf] If]qkmn
a9L ePsf] If]qx¿df jgnfO{ g} :yfgLo ljsf;sf] d]¿b08sf]¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .
a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfaf6 pTkfbg ePsf jg k}bfjf/sf] laqmL ljt/0f pkef]usf] l:yltnfO{ x]bf{
oxfFsf] pTkfbg o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] cfk"lt{nfO{ k'¥ofO{ lhNnf leqs} cGo pkdxfgu/kflnsf
tyf u|fdL0f If]q tyf cGo lhNnfdf klg hfg] u/]sf] 5 .
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf sf7÷bfp/f vkt d'Vo jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]ux¿df x'g] ub{5 .
o; cnfjf oxfFsf] a9\bf] hg;+Vof / a;fO{ ;/fO{ tyf zx/Ls/0fn] cfjZos kg]{ sf7÷bfp/f tyf
ljsf; lgdf{0fdf sf7sf] dfu a9\b} uPsf] 5 . jgh+unsf] glhssf kl/jf/n] a9L sf7÷bfp/f vkt
ub{5g\, eg] jgaf6 6f9f /xg] kl/jf/n] w]/} sd kl/df0fdf sf7÷bfp/f vkt ug]{ u/]sf] kfO{G5 .
^=@=( /fli6«o lgs'~h, dWojtL{ If]q, ;+/If0f If]q cflb
/fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt', ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf cg';f/ /fli6«o lgs'~h eGgfn] k|fs[lts
jftfj/0fsf] ;fy} jGohGt', jg:klt / e"–b[Zosf] ;+/If0f Joj:Yffkg / pkof]usf nflu 5'6\ofO{Psf]
If]q eGg] a'lemG5 . ;fy} dWojtL{ eGgfn] :yfgLo hgtfx¿nfO{ lgoldt¿kn] jg k}bfjf/ pkof]u
ug{ kfpg] ;x'lnot k|bfg ug{sf] nflu /fli6«o lgs'~h jf cf/If jl/kl/sf] If]q eGg] a'lemG5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 166

To;}u/L ;+/If0f If]q eGgfn] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f / k|fs[lts >f]tsf] ;Gt'lnt pkof]usf]
nflu PsLs[t of]hgf cg';f/ Joj:yfkg ul/g] If]q eGg] a'lemG5 .
^=# hn>f]t tyf hnfwf/ If]q
;Dk'0f{ h}ljs k|0ffnLsf] cl:tTj k~r dxfe"tsf] k|of]u / pknAwtfdf cfwfl/t 5 . hn, hdLg,
jfo", k|sfz / tfk dWo] ;a}sf]] ckl/xfo{tf plQs} /x]sf] 5 . oL dWo] hn;|f]tdf g]kfn ljZjd} bf];|f]
7'nf] b]z dflgG5 .
^=#=! k|d'v gbL tyf vf]nfx¿
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]q tyf j8fx¿df km}lnP/ /x]sf glb gfnf tyf vf]nfx¿n]
k|z:t hne08f/ ug'{sf ;fy} ljleGg lsl;dsf hnr/x¿ / k+5Lx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft af;:yfgsf] ¿kdf
cf>o lbO/x]sf] kfOG5 . ;fy} o:tf gbL tyf vf]nfx¿af6 kz'x¿n] kfgL lkpg] / ls;fgx¿n] ;d]t
a]nfavt cf+lzs¿kdf l;+rfO{sf] nflu kfgLsf] k|of]u u/]sf] b]lvG5 . dfgj j:tLsf] ljsf; /
a;fO{;/fO{sf] rfksf ;fy} cg'Tkfbs kz'x¿sf] cToflws r/Lr/fp / pkof]un] k|fs[lts gbL÷vf]nf
df e"Ifo eO{ k'l/g] qmd hf/L 5 .

tflnsf g+= 16 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ePsf gbLgfnf, vf]nf, tfn, kf]v/L, l;d;f/ If]q, em/gfx¿sf]
ljj/0f
-k|sf]k_gbL s6fg, af9L,
qm=;+= gbL jf vf]nfsf] gfd j8f g+= gbLn] 5fPsf j:tLx¿
klx/f]
1 hn ljgfos, e}/jgf/fo0f, ;dob]jL, u9L gbL s6fg, af9L, klx/f]
3 lrl8ofvf]nf, zx;|gu/, k'Nrf]s gbL s6fg, af9L
1 ltgfp gbL 5 ;f}efUo 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, xf6ahf/ hgzflGt gbL, s6fg, af9L
6f]n ljsf; ;+:Yff
6 ;'Gb/gu/, Go" zfGtLgu/ af9L, klx/f]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 167

 -k|sf]k_gbL s6fg, af9L,
qm=;+= gbL jf vf]nfsf] gfd j8f g+= gbLn] 5fPsf j:tLx¿
klx/f]
11 dem'jf, b'uf{gu/, b]jL gu/ af9L, s6fg
17 lzj gu/ j:tL, xl/x/k'/ 6f]n
18 ;f}/xf, ;f}/lxof, wGbfk'/ s6fg
1 gbL s6fg, af9L, klx/f]
2 g/l;+x vf]nf
2 k'ikg/l;+x 6f]n, km'naf/L ! g+= 6f]n
2 led;]g 6f]n, dl0fd's'Gb 6f]n, plh/l;+x 6f]n,
3 lhtu9L vf]nf k'ikg/l;+x 6f]n, tNnf] km'naf/L !, @, dgsfdgf
!, @, $, %
dgsfdgf 6f]nsf] 2 dgsfdgf 6f]n # / $, km'naf/L 6f]n ! g+= 6f]n
4
7f8f] vf]N;L / @ g+= 6f]n
5 7f8f] vf]N;L 2 dgsfdgf # / $ g+= 6f]n, km'naf/L @ g++ 6f]n
6 lrl8of vf]N;L 3 lrl8ofvf]nf
7 Hof]ltgu/ vf]nf 3 af9L, klx/f]
4 nIdLgu/, k|ltgu/, cfbz{gu/, >Lgu/, gbL s6fg
e'jg]Zj/L 6f]n
8 ;'vf}/f vf]nf 6 rGb|gu/, ldlnh'nL af9L, klx/f]
8 k|utL 6f]n, >[hgf 6f]n, hgsNof0f, bz/y
6f]n, zflGt 6f]n, gjhfu/0f 6f]n
9 af}nfxf vf]nf 4 ;fgf] ufpF, sflGtky, /fddlGb/, cd/ky 8'afg, s6fg
;'vf}/f vf]nf -blIf0f 7 ;+udsflnsf, l;b]Zj/
10
klZrd_
;'vf}/f vf]nf - 7 a'46f]n, eujtL 6f]n, ltNnf]Qdf 6f]n
11
pQ/k"j{_
9 ltgfp 6f]n gbL s6fg
12 ;f]x| 5QL; s'nf]
11 sflnsfgu/, dfemufpF, b]jLgu/
13 ltgs'g] e'Ne'n] s'nf] 9

11 o'4gu/, a'4gu/, ltnf]Qdfgu/, ;[hgf gu/ af9L s6fg

12 b'uf{gu/, cfbz{gu/, ;tu9L, tfdgu/ gbL, s6fg, af9L
13 tf/f6f]n, emf]n'Ë] 6f]n, ltnf]Qdf 6f]n, lg8/] af9L, jl:t s6fg
14 Go' xl/ofnL 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf, s}nfzgu/ 6f]n,
ljsf; ;+:yf, hgd}qL 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf,
14 bfgj gbL zfGtLgu/ 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf
15 yf¿ 6f]n, dflyNnf], rDsf]k'/ 6f]n, tNnf] gbL s6fg
rDsLk'/ 6f]n, ef6f k|ult 6f]n, gd'gf db}of
6f]n, /tgk'/ 6f]n, d'QmLwfd 6f]n
16 8x/ufp, g/}gfk'/, a}7f]lnof gbL s6fg, af9L
19 ldng 6f]n af9L
15 ;tu9L !, @ 12 kf;fª6f]n, ;tu9L, u0f]z 6f]n gbL, s6fg, af9L

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 168

 -k|sf]k_gbL s6fg, af9L,
qm=;+= gbL jf vf]nfsf] gfd j8f g+= gbLn] 5fPsf j:tLx¿
klx/f]
16 /fhk'/ vf]nf 12 k|utLgu/, dbg, l;:g], /fhk'/ a'4 gbL, s6fg, af9L
17 adfx vf]nf 12 /fhk'/ gbL, s6fg, af9L
13 hjO{6f]n, ldng6f]n, a'46f]n, ;+ud6f]n, af9L, klx/f], jl:t s6fg
18 efn'vf]nf
;fnaf/L
13 ab]nkf]v/L, lht]Zj/L, e}/j6f]n, k|ultky, a'4 af9L, klx/f], jl:t, s6fg
19 kfgLvf]nf
6f]n, ;fn3f/L, ;}lgs 6f]n
20 ^ g+= vf]nf 13 ldng6f]n, a'46f]n af9L, klx/f]
21 l;3f/L 18 b'jf}nL, pQ/ kf]v/faf/L, blIf0f kf]v/faf/L 8'jfg
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^
^=$ e"–Ifo ;Defljt If]q
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf kxf8L eL/ tyf vf]rx¿, gbL tyf vf]nf lsgf/sf efux¿ e"Ifosf]
b[li6sf]0fn] ;+j]bglzn If]qdf kb{5 . k|fs[lts jftfj/0fdf c;/ kg]{ dfgjLo ultljlwsf sf/0faf6
pkdxfgu/kflnsfIf]qdf clgolGqt 89]nf], r/Lr/g /fVg] k|j[lQ Pj+ vf]nfaf6 cJojl:yt 9+un] 9'+uf
tyf afn'jfx¿ lemSgfn] k|fs[lts ;Gt'ng lau|g uO{ a:tL Pj+ v]tLtkm{ clgolGqt af9Lsf] k|sf]k
s]Gb|Lt ePsf] 5 . vf]nfsf] IfdtfeGbf a9L dfqfdf gbLhGo j:t' lgsf;L ePsf]n] vf]nfsf] ;tx
ulxFl/b}+ hfFbf cf;kf;sf If]qx¿df s6fg tyf e"Ifosf] ;Defjgf a9\bf] b]lvG5 . d"ntM
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf vf]nfx¿sf] jl/kl/ g} s]Gb|Lt eP/ /x]sf] dfgj a:tLsf] dfgjLo ultljlwn]
e"sDkLo k|sf]ksf sf/0f ;d]t of] ;+j]bglzn If]qdf e"Ifosf] b[li6sf]0fn] k|lts"n k|efj kf/]sf] 5 .
o;qmdnfO{ /f]Sgsf] nflu 9n lgsf;sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . To:t}, cNksfnLg, dWosfnLg
/ bL3{sfnLg pkfox¿ canDag ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} cNksfnLg pkfosf] ¿kdf
:k/ Pj+ t6aGw lgdf{0f ug]{ dWosfnLg pkfosf] ¿kdf k|efljt If]qsf] jl/kl/ j[Iff/f]k0f ug]{ /
bL3{sfnLg pkfosf] ¿kdf ;Dk"0f{ vf]nf k|efljt If]qnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{tkm{ sfd cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{
b]lvG5 . pNn]lvt If]qnfO{ dfgjLo ultljlwaf6 ck|efljt kfg]{ / ;3g hnfwf/ If]q ;+/If0f
sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
^=$=! pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf x'g ;Sg] ;+efljt k|sf]ksf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 17 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf x'g ;Sg] ;+efljt k|sf]ksf] ljj/0f
;+efljt
qm ;
k|sf]k ljBdfg cj:yf ;do
e"slDko hf]lvdsf b[li6n] g]kfn ljZjsf] !! cf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] / h'g;'s}
! e'sDk pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf e'sDk k|lt/f]wfTds ejg sd} dfqfdf ePsf], ejg cfrf/ ;dodf
;+lxtf k"0f{ ¿kdf nfu" gePsf]
ef}uf]lns¿kn] ljs6 tyf gfËf 8fF8f kfvfx¿ tyf e'sDk k|efljt eL/ c;f/ –c;f]h
@ klx/f]
kfvfx¿df klx/f] hfg] u/]sf] .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljz]iftM ;fgf 7"nf glb÷vf]nfx¿ aUg] u/]sf] / jiff{ofddf h]i7—c;f]h
# Aff9L gbL tyf vf]nfx¿n] cf;kf;sf e'efux¿ aif{]gL s6fg ul/ Iflt k'¥ofO{/x]sf] 5 .
aif{]gL w]/} ;ª\Vofdf kl/jf/x¿ k|efljt e}/x]sf 5g\ .
$ 89]nf] pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] w]/} h;f] e'—efudf 3gfj:tL /x]sf -;'s'Djf;L, jf9L r}q—h]i7

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 169

 ;+efljt
qm ;
k|sf]k ljBdfg cj:yf ;do
lj:yflkt_ nufPtsf clt ljkGg ;d'bfosf 3/x¿ ;r]tgf cefj, cUgL
lgoGq0f oGqsf] cefj, r'Nxf]df cfuf] ;NsfpFbf d§Lt]nsf] k|of]u ug{' / ;nfO{
nfO{6/ h:tf cfuf] afNg] j:t'x¿ aRrfn] v]nfpFbf cfunfuLsf 36gf a9L x'g]
u/]sf] . ;fy} 89]nf]sf] ;d:of klg b]lvG5 .
k|sf]ksf ¿kdf emf8fkvfnf nufotsf kfgL hGo /f]u a9\g] u/]sf], ;|f]t ;fwg ljkb\ kl5,
% dxfdf/L cGo ;dodf
cefj / hgr]tgfsdL, cg's"n Ifdtfsf] cefj .
cJojl:yt s'v'/f kfng, :jfOg ˆn', cflb h'g;'s}
^ Jf8{ˆn', cGo ˆn'
;dofdf
hª\unL hgfj/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] jghª\un jl/kl/ a;f]af; ePsf] If]qx¿df -afFb/, aFb]n, h'g;'s}
*
cft+s af3_ cflbsf] cfqmd0f tyf abdf;Lsf] 8/ qmf; eO{/xG5 . ;dodf
( ls6 cft+s hnjfo' kl/jt{g, a9L ljifflb k|of]usf sf/0f nfesf/L r/f, ls/f nf]k v]tL df};d
a9L h;f] aiff{ofd / kfgL k/]sf] ;dodf h'g;'s}
!) r6\ofª, cl;gf ;dodf
;|f]tM lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, a'6jn, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 170

 v08– &M ef}lts ljsf;
&=! vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{
g]kfnh:tf] :jR5 kfgLsf] kof{Kttf ePsf] b]zdf :jR5 lkpg] kfgLsf] cefjdf hgtfx¿n] b'Mv
kfpg' lj8Dagfsf] s'/f xf] . z'4 lkpg] kfgL ePg eg] o;n] hg:jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kfb{5 .
k|b'lift kfgLaf6 ljleGg lsl;dsf /f]ux¿sf] ;+qmd0f x'G5 . g]kfndf b'u{d kxf8L O{nfsfx¿df jif]{gL
k|b'lift kfgLsf sf/0f y'k|} gful/sn] cgfxsdf emf8fkvfnf h:tf] ;fdfGo /f]uaf6 Hofg u'dfpg'
kl//x]sf] cj:Yff 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm zx/L If]qdf klg vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ cfjZostf eGbf cGoGt}
Go"g 5 . bf];|f] s'/f t ;'/lIft 9n lgsf;sf] cefjdf kfgLsf] k|b"if0fn] a]nfa]nfdf dxfdf/L km}ng]
u/]sf] kfO{G5 . t;y{ z'4 vfg]kfgL k|fKt ug'{ hgtfsf] g};lu{s clwsf/ xf] eg] ;'/lIft vfg]kfgL
pknAw u/fpg' ;/sf/sf] k|f/lDes bfloTj xf] .

gS;f g+= 2 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf vfg]kfgL >f]tsf] gS;f

tflnsf g+= 18 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljj/0f

qm=;+= cfof]hgfsf] gfd j8f g++= nfeflGjt 3/w'/L ;]jf k|fKt ug{] ufpF÷j:tL
1 a6f}nL vfg]kfgL tyf jftfj/0f ;+:yf ! j8f g+= !
2 lr;fkfgL vfg]kfgL -n'dG6]_ 1 j8f g+= !
3 km'naf/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 2 700 dgsfdgf !,@,#,$,% km'naf/L !,@

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 171

qm=;+= cfof]hgfsf] gfd j8f g++= nfeflGjt 3/w'/L ;]jf k|fKt ug{] ufpF÷j:tL
4 >L/fdgu/ vfg]kfgL of]hgf 2 150 >L/fdgu/ 6f]n
5 g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yf 3 a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf
6 lrl8ofvf]nf vfg]kfgL 3 70 lrl8ofvf]nf
7 Hof]ltgu/ lr;fkfgL 3 300 Hofltgu/
8 ad3f6 vfg]kfgL 3 120 ad3f6
9 ltgfp6f]n vfg]kfgL 3 110 ltgfp Pstf 6f]n
10 zx;|g/ vfg]kfgL 3 80 zx;|gu/
11 nIdLgu/ vfg]kfgL of]hgf 4 529 nIdLgu/, cfbz{gu/
12 cfbz{gu/ vfg]kfgL of]hgf 4 500 ldnLh'nLky, cfbz{gu/
13 g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg 4 700 cd/ky, ;+udky, /fddlGb/
14 e'jg]Zj/L vfg]kfgL of]hgf 4 150 e'jg]Zj/ 6f]n
15 cfbz{gu/ vfg]kfgL of]hgf 4 116 cfbz{gu/
16 c/gL vfg]kfgL 4 100 c/gLky
17 xf6 ahf/ vfg]kfgL ;+:yf 5

18 cd/ ljsf; vfg]kfgL ;+:yf 5

19 a'6jn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg 7 j8f g++ & j:tL e/L

20 z'qmky vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf 8 150 z'qmky 6f]n, >Lky
21 ;8s ljefuleqsf] ;ldtL vfg]kfgL 8 4000 j8f g++ & / * sf j:tL
22 g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg 9 1900 j8f g+= ^, &, * / (
23 sfnLsf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 10 sfnLsfgu/
24 ;[hgfgu/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 11

25 gx/k'/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 11 400

26 a'4gu/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 11 1030

27 ltnf]Qdf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 11 300

28 dem'jf vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 11 7000

29 Go" b'uf{gu/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 11 200

30 d}gfau/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 11 130

31 klZrd sflnsfgu/ 11 770

32 lkknwf/f vfg]kfgL 11 361

33 b]j l;+x vfg]kfgL 11 361

34 k|ultgu/ vfg]kfgL 11 2000

35 gofFufpF vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;+:yf 12 3203 gofFufpF, j]njf;, sn'jfm bjfx,
kf;fª, e}/j,
36 /fhk'/ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;+:yf 12 tfdgu/sf ;a} 6f]n
37 gofFufpF vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 13 4000 !& 6f]n ljsf;

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 172

qm=;+= cfof]hgfsf] gfd j8f g++= nfeflGjt 3/w'/L ;]jf k|fKt ug{] ufpF÷j:tL
38 ;fn3f/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 13 700 !) 6f]n ljsf;
g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg 13 1500 !% 6f]n ljsf;
39

40 df]ltk'/ ;]dnf/ vfg]kfgL ;+:yf 14 1100 df]ltgu/, kbdk'/, zfGtLk'/,

xl/ofnL, df]ltk'/, s}nf;gu/,
df]ltu~h, j]n el/of, ;+ud6f]n,
s[i0fu~h, enbf]b/L Go" xl/ofnL
41 ;]dnf/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 15 3000 j8f g+= !% sf ;a} 3/w'/L
42 ;]d6f/ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;+:yf 16 2000

43 df]ltk'/ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;+:yf 17 2100 j8f g+= !& e/L
44 df]ltk'/ vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;+:yf 18 630 ;a}6f]n j8f g+= !* sf
45 ;f}/xf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;++:yf 18 160 ;f}/xf ;f}/flxof j8f g++ !*
46 df]ltk'/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf 19 1025 j8f g+= !( ;a}
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^
&=!=! vfg]kfgLsf] >f]tsf] cfwf/df -3/w'/L tYofÍ_
tflnsf g+= 19 M vfg]kfgLsf] d'Vo >f]tsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
kfOk wf/f kfOk wf/f6\o"aj]n÷xft] 9flsPsf] v'nf gbL÷vf] hf/sf] 6\of+s/sf] pNn]v
j8f d"n wf/f cGo hDdf
sDkfp08df ;fj{hlgs kDk O{gf/ O{gf/÷s'jf nf kfgL kfgL gePsf]
1 577 20 1 0 6 1 2 2 0 4 0 613
2 1412 23 6 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 1447
3 2536 48 2 0 0 148 0 212 0 12 0 2958
4 1200 5 0 0 0 1 0 13 0 0 0 1219
5 534 138 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 673
6 1182 28 6 1 0 3 0 47 2 4 0 1273
7 2339 7 20 0 0 0 0 335 0 2 0 2703
8 2189 60 0 0 0 0 0 213 0 0 0 2462
9 1299 16 0 0 0 5 0 45 2 5 0 1372
10 1351 6 2 0 1 1 0 68 0 1 0 1430
11 11757 54 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 16 5 11837
12 2849 101 112 0 0 1 6 0 1 4 0 3074
13 3405 147 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 3561
14 1075 39 26 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1141
15 828 131 84 0 0 1 2 0 0 5 0 1051
16 523 7 182 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 713
17 1628 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 66 0 1699
18 570 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 587
19 1029 9 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 1 0 1063
hDdf 38283 841 460 1 7 195 11 936 6 130 6 40876
k|ltzt 93.66 2.06 1.13 0.00 0.02 0.48 0.03 2.29 0.01 0.32 0.01 100.00
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 173

o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf $),*&^ 3/kl/jf/x¿ dWo] wf/f÷kfOk sDkfp08df cfk"lt{ ul/Psf]
kfgL lkpg]sf] ;+Vof #*,@*# cyf{t (#=^^ k|ltzt ePsfn] ;fdfGotof w]/}h;f] 3/kl/jf/n]
wf/f÷kfOk sDkfp08leqsf] kfgL lkpg] ub{5g\ eGg ;lsG5 . oBlk bf];|f]df hf/sf] kfgL lkpg]
kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof (#^ cyf{t @=@( k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ .To;}u/L ;fj{hflgs kfOk÷wf/fsf] kfgL k|of]u
ug{]sf] ;+Vof @=)^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .cGo >f]t k|of]u ug{]sf] ;+Vof guGo /x]sf] 5 . j8fut ¿kdf
lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

vfg]kfgLsf] d'Vo >f]tsf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f

93.98% kfOk wf/f
sDkfp08df
kfOk wf/f
;fj{hlgs
6\o"aj]n÷xft] kDk
9flsPsf] O{gf/
v'nf O{gf/÷s'jf
d"n wf/f

2.06%

1.13%
2.30%
0.03% 0.02%
0.48%

+Sustainable Development Goals Status & Roadmap: @)!^ – @)#) sf cg';f/ (SDG – 6)cfwf/
jif{ @)!% df ;'/lIft lkpg] kfgL pkef]u ug]{ hg;+Vof !%Ü dfq b]lvG5 . lbuf] ljsf; nIo
cg'udg 9fFrf;d]t pNn]v ePsf] pQm b:tfj]hcg';f/ of] hg;+Vof qmdz j[l4 ug{] ck]Iff ul/Psf]
5 . h;cg';f/ @)!( df #%Ü, @)@@ df %)Ü, @)%% df ^%Ü x'Fb} ;g\ @)#);Dd ;'/lIft lkpg]
kfgL k|of]u stf{ s"n h=;=sf] ()Ü x'g] dxTjfsf+IfL nIo /flvPsf] 5 . pQm /fli6«o nIo k|flKtdf
6]jf k'¥ofpg tyf cfd hg;fwf/0fsf] hg:jf:ydf ;'wf/ ug{ kfgL k|of]u ubf{ kfgLsf] pko'Qmtfsf]
k/LIf0f / ;'/Iffsf] pkfox¿af/] Jofks hghfu/0f km}nfpg' kg{] b]lvG5 .
&=!=@ vfg]kfgL z'4 agfpg] tl/sfsf] cfwf/df juL{s/0f
tflnsf g+= 20 M vfg]kfgL z'4 agfpg] tl/sfsf] cfwf/df juL{s/0f
cGo ljlw pNn]v
cf}iflw -lko'if s]xL gug]{ /
j8f pdfNg] lkmN6/ ug]{ ckgfpg] - gePsf] hDdf
cflb_ /fVg] l;w} vfg]
h:t} ;f]l8;_
1 221 320 2 6 64 0 613

2 162 58 2 21 1204 0 1447

3 956 1456 8 10 528 0 2958

4 154 695 7 5 358 0 1219

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 174

 cGo ljlw pNn]v
cf}iflw -lko'if s]xL gug]{ /
j8f pdfNg] lkmN6/ ug]{ ckgfpg] - gePsf] hDdf
cflb_ /fVg] l;w} vfg]
h:t} ;f]l8;_
5 12 134 0 0 526 1 673

6 88 654 0 0 531 0 1273

7 355 1770 4 6 568 0 2703

8 554 1591 21 0 296 0 2462

9 365 589 1 0 417 0 1372

10 152 749 19 46 464 0 1430

11 2830 2589 20 8 6384 6 11837

12 695 260 0 3 2116 0 3074

13 880 887 0 4 1790 0 3561

14 295 13 0 1 832 0 1141

15 302 6 0 1 742 0 1051

16 61 1 1 0 650 0 713

17 80 42 0 4 1573 0 1699

18 12 2 0 1 572 0 587

19 47 12 0 0 1004 0 1063

hDdf 8221 11828 85 116 20619 7 40876

k|ltzt 20.11 28.94 0.21 0.28 50.44 0.02 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf s'n 3/kl/jf/ dWo] @),^!( cyf{t %)=$$ k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/x¿n] kfgLsf]
z'4Ls/0f lagfg} >f]taf6 k|fKt kfgL l;w} lkpg] u/]sf] kfOof] . k|fs[lts >f]tx¿df k|fKt kfgLnfO{
z'4Ls/0f gu/L lkpg' hg:jf:Yosf] b[li6sf]0fn] cToGt hf]lvdk"0f{ x'G5 . o;af6 ;+qmfd0f /f]ux¿
h:t} cfpF, emf8f kvfnf, h'sf, 6fOkmfO8 nfUg'sf ;fy} bL3{ /f]ux¿ h:t} kTy/L, SofG;/ h:tf
k|f0f3fts /f]ux¿sf] ;+efjgf k|jn /xG5 t;y{ :yfgLo ;/sf/ / pkdxfgu/kflnsfaf;Lx¿sf]
;xsfo{df kfgL z'4Ls/0fsf pkfox¿ canDag u/L k|of]u ug{] / hg:t/df :jf:Yo lzIffsf] Jofks
k|rf/ k|;f/ ug'{ kb{5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf kfgL pdfn]/ lkpg] kl/jf/ ;+Vof *,@@! cyf{t @)=!!
k|ltzt / lkmN6/ ug]{ kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof !!,*@* cyf{t\ @*=($ k|ltzt dfq /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cf}iflw -
lko"if cflb_ / cGo ljlw ckgfpg] u/]/ lkpg] hg;+Vof guGo /x]sf]n] kfgL z'4Ls/0f u/L lkpg
;r]t agfpg] cleofg g} ;~rfng ug'{ kg{] b]lvG5 . hLjgsf] cfwf/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] :j:Yo /
;'lIft kfgL ax'cflolds ul/aLsf] Pp6f ;"rs (HDI) ;d]t /x]sf x'Fbf :j:ys/ kfgLsf] k|of]u jf
k|rngsf] afx'Notfn] pQm :yfgsf] ;DkGgtfnfO{ ;d]t O+lut ub{5 . j8fut ljj/0f tflnsfdf
k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 175

 lkpg]kfgL z'4Ls/0f ug{] ljlwsf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

pdfNg] lkmN6/ ug]{ s]xL gug]{ / l;w} vfg]

&=!=# vfg]kfgL z'4tfsf] cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 21 M vfg]kfgLsf] z'4tfsf] cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj0f
wldnf]
k"0f{¿kdf uGw pNn]v
j8f 9n cfO/go'Qm cf;]{lgso'Qm cGo yfxf 5}g hDdf
;'/lIft cfpg] gePsf]
ldl;Psf]
1 407 195 3 0 0 6 2 0 613
2 1053 137 1 0 1 19 236 0 1447
3 1271 1201 2 0 0 0 484 0 2958
4 978 157 3 7 60 4 10 0 1219
5 355 2 0 0 1 3 311 1 673
6 500 741 13 0 1 0 18 0 1273
7 1304 1267 16 2 0 23 91 0 2703
8 1204 1207 13 2 36 0 0 0 2462
9 1182 175 6 2 1 3 3 0 1372
10 1051 345 24 1 1 0 8 0 1430
11 9071 66 2 2 4 13 2673 6 11837
12 2897 11 3 0 0 1 162 0 3074
13 3535 15 1 2 2 6 0 0 3561
14 1070 1 0 0 0 1 69 0 1141
15 1047 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1051
16 675 13 24 0 0 0 1 0 713
17 1458 9 0 0 0 1 231 0 1699
18 502 1 0 0 0 1 83 0 587
19 1062 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1063
hDdf 30622 5543 111 18 109 81 4385 7 40876
k|ltzt 74.91 13.56 0.27 0.04 0.27 0.20 10.73 0.02 100.00
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 176

pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] $),*&^ 3/w'/L dWo] #),^@@ 3/w'/L cyf{t &$=(! k|ltztn] k"0f{¿kdf
;'/lIft kfgL lkpg] u/]sf] kfOof] eg] %,%$# 3/w'/L cyf{t !#=%^ k|ltztn] wldnf] 9n ldl;Psf]
kfgL ;d]t k|of]u ug{] u/]sf] kfOof] . uGw cfpg] kfgL lkpg] 3/w'/L !!! cyf{t )=@&, cfO/go'St
kfgL lkpg] 3/w'/L !* cyf{t )=)$ /x]sf] 5 eg] cf;]{lgso'St kfgL k|of]u ug{] 3/ kl/jf/ !)(
cyf{t )=@& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf 7"nf] ;+Vof cem} klg :jR5 lkpg] kfgLsf]
kx'FreGbf 6f9f /xg'n] kfgLhGo /f]ux¿ h:t} 6fOkmfO8, emf8fkvfnf, cfpF h:tf /f]ux¿sf] ;+s|d0f
x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . ;a} 3/w'/Ln] :jR5 lkpg]kfgLsf] pkef]u ug{ kfpg] cj:yf l;h{gf ug{
pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] ljz]if sfo{qmdx¿ of]hgfj4 ¿kdf Nofpg'kg{] b]lvG5 .
&=@ zf}rfno
sltko b'u{d ufpFj:tLdf clxn] klg dflg;x¿ kfgLsf >f]t tyf v'nf 7fpFdf lbzf lk;fa ug]{
ub{5g\ . ;Eo ;dfhsf] lgDtL of] cEof; c;Eotfsf] k|tLs xf] . v'nf If]qdf ul/g] dnd'q
lj;{hgn] dflg;sf] z/L/df vfgf, kfgL / Zjf;k|Zjf; dfkm{t ls6f0f'sf] k|j]z x'G5 . To;sf/0f
k|To]s 3/df zf}rfno lgdf{0f clgjfo{ cfjZostf xf] . ;/sf/ tyf ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n]
xfn cfP/ zf}rfno lgdf{0fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] kfO{G5 . lghL 3/ tyf ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿df xft
w'g] kfgL ;lxt zf}rfno x'g'kb{5 . ljkGg ;d'bfosf kl/jf/x¿n] cfkm} zf}rfno lgdf{0f ug{
g;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/ ljz]if u/L :yfgLo ;/sf/n] zf}rfno lgdf{0fdf cg'bfg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .
tflnsf g+= 22 M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ;fj{hlgs zf}rfnosf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= zf}rfno /x]sf] :yfg j8f g+= kSsL ;+Vof s}lkmot
1 u0f]z rf]s 1 3 rfn'
2 ;dob]jL 1 6 # rfn' # aGb
3 u9L 6f]n 1 aGb
4 a'6jn df=lj= hfg] af6f] 1 aGb
5 uf]nkfs{ 3

6 cd/ ltgfp ljsf; 6f]n ljsf; 5 1

7 xf6ahf/ hgzflGt 6f]n ljsf; 5 1

8 s[lif pkh yf]s ahf/ 6 2

9 ;f]dahf/ xf6 ahf/ leq 7

10 /fhdfu{ rf}8fx 8

11 gofF a; 6ld{gn -n'lDagL_ 9

12 kL7Lof ahf/ 6f]n 15 1

13 gd'gf xf6 ahf/ 17 1

14 pQ/kf]v/faf/L xf6ahf/ 18 1

;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 177

&=@=! 3/w'/Lsf] zf}rfno k|of]usf] cj:yf -k|sf/sf] cfwf/df_
tflnsf g+= 23 M kl/jf/n] k|of]u ug]{ rkL{sf] k|sf/sf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
ˆn; ePsf] - ˆn; ePsf] - ;fwf/0f ;fd'bflos
j8f rkL{ gePsf] hDdf
;fj{hlgs 9n_ ;]lK6s 6\ofÍ_ rkL{ rkL{
1 35 330 15 9 7 396

2 135 827 16 0 6 984

3 109 1121 120 0 1 1351

4 13 766 22 0 1 802

5 17 250 99 1 1 368

6 36 771 88 0 0 895

7 9 1510 3 0 1 1523

8 18 1317 2 0 0 1337

9 38 765 34 0 0 837

10 8 659 41 0 0 708

11 93 5560 1402 20 17 7092

12 2 2229 183 7 4 2425

13 8 2445 264 3 2 2722

14 5 536 434 2 2 979

15 5 473 445 3 2 928

16 2 158 472 3 8 643

17 172 877 296 0 2 1347

18 0 430 119 1 1 551

19 1 553 395 0 0 949

hDdf 706 21577 4450 49 55 26837

k|ltzt 2.63 80.40 16.58 0.18 0.20 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s'n lghL 3/kl/jf/x¿ dWo] @!,%&& cyf{t *)=$) k|ltztn] km\n;
ePsf] -;]lK6 6\ofÍ_ ePsf] rkL{, $,$%) cyf{t !^=%* k|ltztn] ;fwf/0f rkL{, &)^ cyf{t @=^#
k|ltztn] ˆn; ePsf] -;fj{hlgs 9n_, $( cyf{t )=!* k|ltztn] ;fd'bflos rkL{ / %% cyf{t
)=@) k|ltztn] eg] rkL{sf] k|of]u g} gu/]sf] kfOof] . ;fwf/0f rkL{ k|of]u ug{]sf] kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof
!^=%* k|ltzt / )=@) k|ltzt kl/jf/df rkL{ gx'g'n] JolQmut tyf ;fd'bflos :jf:Yodf hf]lvd
a9L /x]sf] b]vfpF5 . ;fgf] ;+Vofn] dfq v'Nnf :yfgdf lb;flk;fa ubf{ ;d]t ;d'bfosf] 7"nf]
lx:;fsf] hg:jf:Yo k|f0f3fts ;+qmfds /f]ux¿sf] hf]lvddf kg{] x'Fbf rkL{ k|of]unfO{ clgjfo{ ug{] /
rkL{sf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/df Wofg lbg'kg{] b]lvG5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 178

 kl/jf/n]
0.2%k|of]u ug]{ rkL{sf] k|sf/sf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
0.2%

16.6% 2.6%

ˆn; ePsf] -;fj{hlgs 9n_

ˆn; ePsf] -;]lK6s 6\ofÍL_
;fwf/0f rkL{
;fd'bflos rkL{
rkL{ gePsf]

80.4%

&=@=@ kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL;DaGwL ljj/0f -d'Vo ahf/ If]q ;fy} ;j{q_
ljz]ifu/L zx/L If]q / ahf/ s]Gb|x¿df hg3gTj a9L x'g] ePsf sf/0f dfgj plT;lh{t tyf
pBf]uwGbf / snsf/vfgfaf6 lg:sg] kmf]x/n] a:tLsf] ;f}Gbo{nfO{ lj¿k kfg'{sf] ;fy} ;fj{hlgs
:jf:Yodf gsf/fTds k|efj kfb{5 . o:tf] cj:Yffdf ;/sf/ tyf ;d'bfo b'j}sf] tkm{af6 kmf]x/
Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLnfO{ bL3{sfnLg¿kdf ;Daf]wg ug'{kb{5 . kmf]x/n] :jf:Yo / ;f}Gbo{ b'j}nfO{ xfgL
ub{5 eGg] s'/f] x[bo+ud ub}{ kmf]x/sf] ;d'lrt Joj:Yffkg ug'{ cfjZos 5 . sltko s'lxg] k|s[ltsf]
kmf]x/af6 k|fËfl/s dn klg agfpg ;lsG5 .
tflnsf g+= 24 M kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug]{ :yfgsf] cfwf/ ljj/0f
kmf]x/ y'kfg]{ cfˆg} 3/ cfˆg} 3/ gbL jf ;8s÷ cGo -
3/df g} sDkf]i6 dn
j8f 7fpFdf÷ sDkfp08 leq sDkfp08 leq - vf]N;fdf ;fj{hlgs pNn]v hDdf
lng cfpF5 agfpg]
Sofgdf -afNg]_ uf8\g]÷y'kfg]{_ kmfNg] :yndf kmfNg] ug]{_
1 390 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 396

2 956 8 3 1 16 0 0 0 984

3 1266 3 13 10 59 0 0 0 1351

4 782 19 0 0 0 0 0 1 802

5 368 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 368

6 892 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 895

7 1506 1 10 5 1 0 0 0 1523

8 1122 6 7 198 1 3 0 0 1337

9 826 3 1 6 1 0 0 0 837

10 702 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 708

11 5778 493 89 545 175 9 3 0 7092

12 440 481 774 640 45 5 39 1 2425

13 1605 125 842 91 29 10 18 2 2722

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 179

 kmf]x/ y'kfg]{ cfˆg} 3/ cfˆg} 3/ gbL jf ;8s÷ cGo -
3/df g} sDkf]i6 dn
j8f 7fpFdf÷ sDkfp08 leq sDkfp08 leq - vf]N;fdf ;fj{hlgs pNn]v hDdf
lng cfpF5 agfpg]
Sofgdf -afNg]_ uf8\g]÷y'kfg]{_ kmfNg] :yndf kmfNg] ug]{_
14 10 4 554 297 32 15 67 0 979

15 598 3 77 247 2 0 1 0 928

16 93 8 235 300 6 1 0 0 643

17 0 54 987 58 199 35 13 1 1347

18 0 10 86 430 9 16 0 0 551

19 1 1 607 332 1 1 6 0 949

hDdf 17335 1227 4287 3163 576 95 149 5 26837

k|ltzt 64.59 4.57 15.97 11.79 2.15 0.35 0.56 0.02 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s'n lghL 3/kl/jf/x¿ dWo] !&,##% cyf{t ^$=%( k|ltztsf] kmf]x/
3/df g} lng cfpg], $,@*& cyf{t !%=(& k|ltztn] cfˆgf] 3/sf] sDkfp08leq afNg], #,!^# cyf{t
!!=&( k|ltztn] cfˆgf] 3/sf] sDkfp08leq uf8\g]÷y'kfg{], !,@@& cyf{t $=%& k|ltztn] kmf]x/
y'kfg{] 7fpFdf÷Sofgdf /fVg], %&^ cyf{t @=!% k|ltztn] gbL jf vf]N;fdf kmfNg] u/]sf] kfO{of] .
u|fdL0f Onfsf tyf s[lif d'Vo k]zfsf] ¿kdf /x]sf]n] oxfFsf 3/kl/jf/n] kmf]x/nfO{ sDkf]i6 dnsf]
¿kdf k|of]u ug'{ ;jf]{Qd x'g] ePsf]n] of] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf] pQd pkfo /x]tfklg kmf]x/sf] k|s[lt
cg';f/ Knfli6s hGo tyf cGo g;8\g] kmf]x/x¿ v]tLof]Uo hdLgdf kg{ hfFbf qmdzM e"–k|b"if0f a[l4
eO{ pTkfbsTjdf x|f; cfpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 . csf{]tkm{ hnfpg], vf]N;fdf kmfNg] ;fy} ;fj{hlgs
:yndf ;d]t kmfNg] sfo{x¿n] k|b"if0f j[l4 u/fO{ hg:jf:Yodf k|ToIf c;/ ub{5 . t;y{ kmf]x/sf]
plrt Joj:yfkgdf ;hu agfO{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cJojl:yt kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgnfO{ ;dod}
;Daf]wg ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .

kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkg ug]{ :yfgsf] cfwf/ ljj/0f

18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
3/df g} lng kmf]x/ y'kfg]{ cfˆg} 3/ cfˆg} 3/ gbL jf ;8s÷ sDkf]i6 dn cGo -pNn]v
cfpF5 7fpFdf÷ sDkfp08 sDkfp08 vf]N;fdf ;fj{hlgs agfpg] ug]{_
Sofgdf leq -afNg]_ leq - kmfNg] :yndf kmfNg]
uf8\g]÷y'kfg]{_

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 180

kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿ M
xfn o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿ b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 M
 kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf gfddf kmf]x/x¿ vf]nfvf]N;fsf xf]rf efudf clgolGqt tl/sfn] kmfNg]
k|a[lt oqtq b]lvG5 . o;/L kmflnPsf] kmf]x/ aiff{tsf ;dodf kfgLn] aufP/ vf]nf vf]N;f
tyf gbLsf tNnf] efu;Dd k'/\ofP/ k|b"if0fnfO{ la:tfl/t ub{5 .
 hdLgsf xf]rfefu kfgLsf ;|f]t klg x'g] ePsf / ltg} kfgL ;txdf b]lvg] Pj+ hdLgsf]
leqklg l5/]/ hfg]x'Fbf xf]rf efudf kmflnPsf] kmf]x/n] ;txsf] kfgL tyf hdLg leqsf] kfgL
;d]tnfO{ k|b'lift ub{5 .
kmf]x/d}nf Joj:yfkgdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿ M
 efG5fsf]7faf6 lg:s]sf] kmf]x/nfO{ s'lxg] / gs'lxg] u/L 5'6\ofpg] .
 s'lxg]nfO{ dndf k|of]u ug{ tflnd tyf x/]s 3/wgLnfO{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ sfo{qmd
pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] ug]{ .
 gs'lxg] kmf]x/nfO{ k"gM laleGg txdf 5'6\ofpg] h:t} sf7, Knfi6Ls, wft', ;L;f . oL kmf]x/nfO{
cfjZostfcg';f/ klxrfg ul/;s]skl5 k"g k|of]udf cfpg]nfO{ ;DalGwt ;]jf Joj:yfkg
tkm{ hf]8 lbg] . o; pkdxfgu/kflnsf If]qsf v'nf :yfg hxfF kfgLsf] ;|f]t 5}g ToxfF
a}1flgs tj/af6 5gf}6 ug{ Joj:yf ug]{
&=@=# 9n lgsf;sf] cj:yf, Nof08lkmn ;fO6sf] cj:yf
zx/ ahf/ s]Gb| / PsLs[t a:tL ePsf 7fpFdf 9n lgsf;sf] /fd|f] k|aGw x'g' cfjZos 5 . 9n
lgsf; klg ef}lts ljsf;sf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ k'jf{wf/ xf] . ;8s lgdf{0f;Fu} 9n lgsf;sf] Joj:yfkg
ePsf] v08df ;/sf/ k'jf{wf/ ljsf;df ul/g] bf]xf]/f] vr{af6 aRb5 . o;sf cnfjf dfgj a:tLaf6
pT;lh{t kmf]x/nfO{ dfgj a:tLeGbf lglZrt 6f9fsf] b'/Ldf Nof08lkmn ;fO{6 agfP/ Joj:yfkg
ug'{kb{5 . kmf]x//lxt :jR5 / ;kmf jftfj/0f ;Eotfsf] kl/rfos xf] .
&=@=$ ;8s gfnfx¿sf] cj:yf
;8sx¿sf] lgdf{0f ubf{ ;8snfO{ km/flsnf] tyf sfnf]kq]o'Qm agfP/ dfq k'Ub}g . lxnf], kmf]x/ tyf
e"Ifoaf6 hf]ufpgsf nflu ;8ssf] b'j} lsgf/df ;8s gfnfx¿sf] ljsf; ug'{ cfjZos x'G5 . xfn
cfP/ ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] dfkb08nfO{ canDag u/L ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ clgjfo{¿kdf ;8s gfnfx¿
agfpg'kb{5 .
&=# oftfoft k"jf{wf/
&=#=! ;8s ;+hfnsf] ljBdfg cj:yf
s'g} klg :yfgsf] ef}lts ljsf;sf] lgDtL ;Dejt k|f/lDes zt{ xf] . ;Dk'0f{ ;'ljwf ;DkGg ;8s
oftfoftsf] ljsf;;Fu} ;du| ljsf;sf] 9f]sf v'Nb5 . :yfgLo txsf] xsdf j8f s]Gb|x¿nfO{ kflnsf
s]Gb|;Fu hf]8\g' tyf kflnsf s]Gb|nfO{ lhNnf ;8s x'Fb} /fli6«o /fhdfu{ k|0ffnLdf hf]8\g' cfjZos
x'G5 . ufpFa:tLx¿df s[lif ;8sx¿sf] ljsf; / :t/f]GgLlt dfkm{t s[lif pTkfbgx¿sf] ahf/Ls/0f
u/L hgtfsf] cfly{s cj:yfnfO{ dha't agfpg ;lsG5 . ;'ljwf ;DkGg ;8s ;~hfn dfkm{t

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 181

pBf]u tyf ko{6g If]qsf] ljsf; u/L cfly{s qmflGt ;+ej 5 . o;sf] cnfjf wfld{s If]qx¿df
;8s ;~hfndfkm{t kx'Fr k'¥ofP/ cfGtl/s tyf afx\o ko{6sx¿ cfslif{t ug{ ;lsG5 .

b]jLgu/ j8f g+= !!

/fli6«o /fhdfu{ k|0ffnL, /0fg}lts ;8s, lhNnf ;8s tyf :yfgLo ;8s ef}lts tyf ;fj{hlgs
k"jf{wf/sf] cfwf/ :tDe cyf{t dfWod xf] . a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ;8s ;~hfnsf] cj:yf
/fd|f] /x]sf] 5 . d'Vo ;8sx¿ kSsL / afx|} dlxgf lg/Gt/ ;xh¿kdf oftfoft ;~rfng x'g]
cj:yfdf 5g\ . d'n ;8sx¿ oftfoft cfjfudgsf b[li6n] Jo:t / /0flgtLs ;8s ;~hfn, afSnf
j:tLx¿, tLj| ljsf; eO/x]sf j:tLx¿, pRr :t/sf Jofkfl/s tyf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿nfO{ k|ToIf¿kdf
hf]8\5g\ . oL ;8sx¿df k}bn dfu{, xl/t If]q, ;fO{sn n]g h:tf cfwf/e"t ;'ljwfo'Qm /x]sf 5g\ .
@)%) sf] gS;f+sg sfo{ ug]{ ;do;Dd g]kfnsfkxf8L If]qdf ;8ssf] cj:yf lgs} sdhf]/ lyof] .
t/ @)$^ sf] cfd kl/jt{g kl5 :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ /fli6«o sf]ifaf6 /sd lalgof]hg ug]{ kl/kf6L
ePcg';f/ u|fdL0fIf]qdf klg ;8s la:tf/sf] sfo{n] utL lng yfNof] . tTkZrft ;8s ;~hfnsf]
la:tf/df u|fdL0f If]qn] klg km8\sf] df/]sf] 5 . t/ b'u{d kxf8L e"efusf sf/0f sltko To:tf
:ynut ;+/rgfsf] gS;f+sg sfo{ x'g g;s]sf] / tYout ;"rgfsf] cefjdf tL If]qx¿df s] slt
;8s ;~hfnsf] la:tf/ ePsf] 5 eGg Plsg tYofÍ pknAw 5}g .oxL k|z+udf pkdxfgu/kflnsf
oftfoft u'¿of]hgfM (RMTMP cyf{t Rural Municipality Transport Master Plan) sf] kl/sNkgf
x/]s gu/÷ufpF If]qsf] oftfoft ;~hfnsf tYof+sdf cfwfl/t gS;f / tYosf] cfwf/df ug'{ kg]{

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 182

jfWofTds Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] .t/ u|fdL0f a:tLx¿df Tof] k'u]sf] lyPg . @)&@ sf] gofF ;+ljwfg /
:yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g,@)&$ n] Joj:yf u/]sf] :yfgLo tx lgwf{/0f kZrft x/]s gu/ ljsf;
;ldlt klg pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] dftxtdf cfPsf sf/0f pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ;d]t
pkdxfgu/kflnsf oftfoft u'¿of]hgfsf] sfo{ If]q leq k/]sf] x'Fbf o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf klg
tT;DaGwL ;8s u'¿of]hgf lgdf{0f eO{;s]sf sf/0f oxfFsf] ;8s ;~hfnsf] tYof+s tyf To;sf
nflu cfjZos ;8ssf] If]qut lj:tf/sf] cWofalws tYof++s oxfF k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

gS;f g+= 3 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;8s ;~hfnsf] gS;f

tflnsf g+= 25 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf d'Vo ;8sx¿

qm=;+= ;8s ;+hfnsf] gfd k|sf/ -sfnf]kq], u|fe]n, w'n]_ cg'dflgt nDafO{ -ls=ld=_
j8f g+= !
1 k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{ -nf]sdfu{_ sfnf]kq] !^) ld6/
j8f g++ @
1 nf]sdfu{, j8f g++= @, !# hf]8\g] %$ km'6] ;8s 3'n] @ ls=ld=
j8f g++ #
1 l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ sfnf]kq]
2 ltnf]Qdf zflGtky sfnf]kq]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 183

qm=;+= ;8s ;+hfnsf] gfd k|sf/ -sfnf]kq], u|fe]n, w'n]_ cg'dflgt nDafO{ -ls=ld=_
3 ax'd'vL ky
4 zx;| ky
5 ad3f6 k|ultzLn ky
j8f g++ $
1 l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ -lj=6L=cfO{ rf]s 6«flkms rf]s_ sfnf]kq] ! ls=ld=
2 h]lz; rf]s–6«flkms rf]s sfnf]kq] ! ls=ld=
3 h]lz; rf]s–lj=lk=rf]s sfnf]kq] ^)) ld6/
4 nIdLgu/ u]6–nIdL df=lj=;Dd sfnf]kq] *)) ld6/
5 nIdLgu/ b]lv j8f g+= ^ hf]8\g] sfnf]kq] %)) ld6/
j8f g++ %
1 ;a} k|sf/sf ;8s ePsf]
j8f g++ ^
1 6«flkms rf]s –a;kfs{ sfn]kq] ! ls=ld=
2 k'iknfn kfs{–g]kfnu~h /f]8 % ls=ld=
j8f g+= &
1 >j0fky sfnf]kq] @ ls=ld=
2 nvgky sfnf]kq] !=% ls=ld=
3 dbgky sfnf]kq] !=% ls=ld=
4 lj=kL ky sfnf]kq] !=% ls=ld=
5 cd/l;+x ky sfnf]kq] !=% ls=ld=
6 led;]g ky sfnf]kq] !=% ls=ld=
7 cljz ky sfnf]kq] #)) ld=
8 k'ik ky sfnf]kq] #)) ld=
9 Psb]j cfn]ky sfnf]kq] @)) ld=
10 eQmLky sfnf]kq] #)) ld=
11 a'4ky sfnf]kq] %)) ld=
12 u0f]zky sfnf]kq] #)) ld=
13 ¿bl;+x ky sfnf]kq] @)) ld=
14 lj/ aneb| ky sfnf]kq] @)) ld=
15 aneb| ky sfnf]kq] #)) ld=
j8f g+= *
1 l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ xl:k6n rf]s b]lv /fhdfu{;Dd sfnf]kq] @ ls=ld=
2 dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ rf}8fxf b]lv wfuf] sf/vfgf;Dd sfnf]kq] @ ls=ld

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 184

qm=;+= ;8s ;+hfnsf] gfd k|sf/ -sfnf]kq], u|fe]n, w'n]_ cg'dflgt nDafO{ -ls=ld=_
3 wd{ky z/0f ky b]lv dx]Gb| /fhdfu{;Dd sfnf]kq] ! ls=ld=
4 lqe'jg ky >j0f ky b]lv dx]Gb| /fhdfu{;Dd sfnf]kq] !!÷@ ls=ld=
5 ldngky l;bfy{ /fhdfu{ b]lv ;'vf}/f vf]nf;Dd sfnf]kq] *)) ld=
6 z'qmky, uf]s'n ky, bz/y ky, l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ sfnf]kq]
j8f g+= (
1 dx]Gb|±k[YjL /fhdfu{ sfnf]kq]
j8f g+= !)
1 dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ sfnf]kq]
2 l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ sfnf]kq]
3 cleofg /fhdfu{ sfnf]kq]
j8f g+= !!
1 l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ sfnf]kq] @ ls=ld=
2 sflnsf ky sfnf]kq] @ ls=ld=
3 b]jL ky sfnf]kq] # ls=ld
4 /+uzfnf dfu{ sRrL # ls=ld=
5 gx/dfu{ j]njf; a]y/L /f]8 sRrL % ls=ld=
6 ldng rf]s a]naf; kSsL÷sRrL @ ls=ld=
7 hf]lus'6L n'lDagL kSsL ! ls=ld=
j8f g+= !@
1 gofFufpF b]lv tfd gu/ -_ sfnf]kq] #!÷@ ls=ld=
j8f g+= !#
1 k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{ sfnf]kq]
2 l/ª\/f]8–j8f g++ !@ / !# leq sfnf]kq]
3 bfgj–ltgfp sl/8f]/ sfnf]kq]
4 ljzfn ky sfnf]kq]
5 efg'ky sfnf]kq]
6 a]naf; j]w/L ;8s sfnf]kq]
7 e}/j ky sfnf]kq]
j8f g+= !#
1 df]ltgu/ j]nel/of dw]of ;8s sfnf]kq] @=% ls=ld=
2 gofFufpF a]nel/of s[i0ffu~h u|fe]n #=^ ls=ld=
3 df]ltu~h ljgfosk'/ sfnf]kq]÷u|fe]n # ls=ld=
4 l;h{g ldn c=;= b]lv lzjfno dlGb/ u|fe]n @ ls=ld=

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 185

qm=;+= ;8s ;+hfnsf] gfd k|sf/ -sfnf]kq], u|fe]n, w'n]_ cg'dflgt nDafO{ -ls=ld=_
5 yf6f b]lv OdLrf]s ;8s sfnf]kq] # ls=ld=
6 df]tLu~h k"j{6f]n s[lif ;8s u|fe]n !=% ls=ld=
7 kbdk'/ dG6]g6«; j]n el/of :s'n -s[lif ;8s_ u|fe]n # ls=ld=
8 ljgfosk'/ ;8s -s[lif ;8s_ u|fe]n !% ls=ld=
j8f g+ !$
1 tfdgu/ a]y/L ;8s sfnf]kq] ! ls=ld=
2 d}gfk'/ x'Fb} ph]nfk'/ hfg] :yfgLo ;8s sfnf]kq] # ls=ld=
3 e'QmLwfd b]lv ph]nfk'/ yf¿ 6f]n -s[lif ;8s_ sfnf]kq] % ls=ld=
4 /tgk'/ 6f]n rf]s b]lv !^ j8fsf] ;Ldfgf;Dd sfnf]kq] ! ls=ld=
5 ph]nfk'/ uf]nf/ 6f]n b]lv !$ j8f hf]8\g] l;dfgf;Dd sfnf]kq] ! ls=ld=
6 uf]nf/ 6f]n b]lv d}gfk'/ 6f]n hf]8\g] af6f] u|fe]n / 3'n] # ls=ld=
7 gd"gf db}of 6f]n b]lv >[hgl;n 6f]n hf]8\g] u|fe]n ! ls=ld=
8 /tgk'/ 6f]n b]lv d'QmL wfd 6f]nsf] !^ j8f hf]8\g] af6f] u|fe]n÷w'n] ! ls=ld
j8f g++ !^
1 s[lif ;8s -;]dnf/–g/}gf6f/_ w'n] #=% ls=ld=
2 8x/ufpF–;]dnf/ w'n] @=% ls=ld=
3 8x/ufpF–zlQm3f6 w'n] @ ls=ld=
4 a}xf]lnof–l;Ëfk'/ w'n] # ls=ld=
5 /tgk'/, 8x/ufpF, g/}gfk'/ a}7f}lnk ;8s kSsL ^ ls=ld=
6 ;]dnf/ Oldlnrf]s, af3s'df/ s]bnL ;8s kSsL $ ls=ld=
7 ;]dnf/ s]bnL z'4f]wg l;dfgf ;8s kSsL % ls=ld=
8 s]bnL sk/s§L a}7f}lnk ;8s kSsL % ls=ld=
j8f g++ !&
1 a]naf; a]y/L ;8s sfnf]kq] ^ ls=ld=
j8f g++ !*
1 j]njf; j]y/L ;8s sfnf]kq] # ls=ld=
2 b]jbx d0fLu|fd n'lDagL ;8s -a'4 kl/qmd_ sfnf]kq] @ ls=ld=
3 b'af}nL, blIf0f kf]v/faf/L pQ/ kf]v/faf/L x'Fb} j8\sf u|fe]n # ls=ld=
4 l;/ /fgLaf/L tkfx ;8s kSsL
5 pQ/ kf]v/faf/L wGbfk'/ dfu{ u|fe]n @ ls=ld=
6 pQ/ kf]v/faf/L l;of/L ;8s u|fe]n @ ls=ld=
7 b'af}nL l;of/L dfu{ sfnf]kq] !=% ls=ld=
8 gx/ b'af}nL x'Fb} l;of/L ;8s u|fe]n, kSsL !=% ls=ld=

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 186

qm=;+= ;8s ;+hfnsf] gfd k|sf/ -sfnf]kq], u|fe]n, w'n]_ cg'dflgt nDafO{ -ls=ld=_
9 b'jf}nL blIf0f kf]v/faf/L cd/dfu{ u|fe]n !=! ls=ld=
10 ;f}/lxof ltgfp dfu{ kSsL u|fe]n !=% ls=ld=
11 ;f}/xf emu8Lof dfu{ u|fe]n ! ls=ld=
12 pQ/ kf]v/faf/L–agfx ltgfp dfu{ u|fe]n @ ls=ld=
j8f g++ !(
1 gx/k'/–tkfx rf]s;Dd u|fe]n % ls=ld=
2 gx/k'/ b]lv d}lgxf l;dfgf;Dd sfnf]kq] ^=# ls=ld=
3 nfsf6f]n b]lv s]/faf/L -$ n]g klZrd_ u|fe]n # ls=ld=
4 ldt]/L ky -s[i0fu+h–df]ltk'/_ sfnf]kq] @ ls=ld=
5 rqmky -ljgfosk'/ uf}8L–/flgjf/L _ u|fe]n !@)) ld=
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

tflnsf g+= 26 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf k'nk'n];f;DaGwL ljj/0f

k'n ePsf] vf]nf jf cj:yf -/fd|f],
qm=;+= k'nsf] gfd j8f g+= k'nn] hf]8\g] j:tLx¿
vf]N;Lsf] gfd 7Ls}, hL0f{_
1 ! g++ j8f–# g+= j8f emf]n'Ë] k'n ltgfp gbL 1 hL0f{
2 ! g+= j8f –% g+= j8f emf]n'Ë] k'n ltgfp gbL 1 /fd|f]
3 ! g+= j8f–# g+=j8f kSsL k'n ltgfp gbL 1 lh0f{
4 ! g++ j8f–% g++=j8f kSsL k'n ltgfp gbL 1 /fd|f]
5 ! g++ j8f–!! g++ j8f sf7]k'n bfdg gbL 1 l7s}
6 ! g+= j8f–@ g+= j8f kSsL k'n g/l;+x vf]nf 2 lh0f{
dl0fd's'Gb 6f]n b]lv j8f g++ ! hf]8\g] j8f g++ ! sf] lzv/
7 lhtu9L vf]nf 2 lh0f{
k'n b]p/fnL 6f]n
8 g/l;+x kSsL k'n g/l;+x vf]N;L 2 k'ikg/l;+x tNnf] km'naf/L /fd|f]
9 plh;l;+x k'ikg/l;+x hf]8\g] kSsL nf]s dfu{, j8f g+= @ sf
lhtu9L vf]nf 2 lgdf0ff{lwg
lgdf{0flwg j:tL
10 tNnf] km'naf/L !, dgsfdgf tNnf] km'naf/L dgsfdgf
lhtu9L vf]nf 2 /fd|f]
%,c6f]len]h hf]8\g] k'n % g++ 6f]n, c6f] len]h
11 dgsfdgf ! b]lv d}gfju/ hf]8\g] kSsL dgsfdgf ! g+= 6f]n,
lhtu9L vf]nf 3 lgdf{0flwg
k'n d}gfju/
12 kSsL k'n ltgfp 3 j8f g+= # / j8f g++ ! /fd|f]
13 emf]n'Ë] k'n ltgfp 4 j8f g++ # / j8f g++ ! hL0f{
14 cfbz{gu/ kSsL k'n ;'vf}/f vf]nf 4 cfbz{gu/ 7Ls}
15 e'jg]Zj/ 6f]n k'n ;'vf}/f vf]nf 4 e'jg]Zj/L 7Ls}
16 d+unf ky ;'vf}/f vf]nf 5 d+unky / gf/g ky 7Ls}
16 kSsL ltgfp gbL 5 %, !, @ j8fx¿ /fd|f]
17 kSsL ;f}efUo 6f]=lj=;= /
5lQ; s'nf] 5 /fd|f]
/fwfs[i0f ltgfp 6f]=lj=;

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 187

 k'n ePsf] vf]nf jf cj:yf -/fd|f],
qm=;+= k'nsf] gfd j8f g+= k'nn] hf]8\g] j:tLx¿
vf]N;Lsf] gfd 7Ls}, hL0f{_
18 emf]n'Ë] k'n ltgfp gbL 6 %, ! hf]8\g] 7Ls}
19 >[hgfky ;'vf}/f vf]nf 6 >[hgf ky / zfxL/fd ky /fd|f]
20 rGb|gu/ ;'vf}/f vf]nf 6 rGb|gu/÷ldnLh'nL /fd|f]
21 tfOjfg 6f]n ;'vf}/f vf]nf 7 zfGtLky /fd|f]
22 ;+ud k'n j8f g+= &df ePsf] ;Dk'0f{
;'vf}/f vf]nf 7 /fd|f]
j:tLx¿
23 l;b]Zj/ k'n ;'vf}/f vf]nf 7 /fd|f]
24 ;f]dju]/ k'n ;'vf}/f vf]nf 7 /fd|f]
25 lzjgu/ k'n ;'vf}/f vf]nf 7 /fd|f]
26 lj;Dofd k'n ;'vf}/f vf]nf 7 /fd|f]f
27 ;f]o/fh b]lv cfO{l8on af]l8{Ë hf]8\g] ;'vf}/f vf]nf
7
k'n
28 dgsdgf dlGb/ hf]8\g] k'n 3'DtL vf]nf 7
29 lzjgu/ ;fd'bflos hf]8\g] k'n 3'DtL vf]nf 7
30 j8f k|x/L sfof{no hf]8\g] k'n 7
31 cfgGbw/ b]lv ;'vjfgu/ hf]8\g] k'n 8
32 j8f g+= * b]lv &;Dd hf]8\g] k'n k|utL 6f]n, wd{>[hgf,
;'vf}/f vf]nf 8 hgsN0f, bz/y, zflGt /fd|f]
gjhfu/0f
33 ( j6f k'n -snaf/]_ 9
34 /fd k'n 9 j8f g+= (–!! hf]8\g] /fd|f]
35 !^÷#^ sf] k'n !^÷#^ s'nf] 9 j8f g+= (–!! hf]8\g] lgdf{0fflwg
36 dgsfdgf !^÷#^ s'nf] 9 j8f g+= (–!! hf]8\g] /fd|f]
37 6fon lj|h !^÷#^ s'nf] 9 j8f g+= (–!! hf]8\g] /fd|f]
38 hg;]jf !^÷#^ s'nf] 9 j8f g+= (–!! hf]8\g]
39 dsfn' !^÷#^ s'nf] 9 j8f g+= (–!! hf]8\g]
40 d'gfn 6f]n
41 !! g+= / !# g+= emf]n'Ë] k'n bfgj vf]nf 11 a'4gu/–j]naf; lh0f{
42 du/ 3f6 ltgfp 11 a'6jn !!–!& j8f /fd|f]
43 gx/k'/ bfgj 11 gx/k'/–j]naf; /fd|f]
44 b]jLgu/ ltgfp 11 b]jLgu/–a'4gu/ /fd|f]
45 b'uf{ gu/ bfgj 11 b'uf{gu/–d}gfau/ lh0f{
46 blIf0fsfnL !^÷#^ s'nf] 11 a'6jn–( / !! lh0f{
47 j8f sfof{no !^÷#^ s'nf] 11 sflnsfgu/–b]jLgu/ /fd|f]
48 k|]d kq k'n !^÷#^ s'nf] 11 dfemufpF–b]jLgu/ /fd|f]
49 kSsL k'n bfgj gbL 12 gofFufpF–!@ / !$ /fd|f]
50 kSsL k'n bfgj gbL 12 bjfx–!@ / !$ aGb}

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 188

 k'n ePsf] vf]nf jf cj:yf -/fd|f],
qm=;+= k'nsf] gfd j8f g+= k'nn] hf]8\g] j:tLx¿
vf]N;Lsf] gfd 7Ls}, hL0f{_
51 kSsL k'n bfgj gbL 12 tfdgu/ !@ / !% aGb}
52 kSsL k'n ;tu9L–! 12 bjfx–lk;kfs{ /fd|f]
53 6«i6 -kmnfd]_ ;tu9L–! 12 ldngkfs{ /fd|f]
54 kSsL k'n u'x]Zj/L vf]nf 12 tfdgu/ /fd|f]
55 bfgj k'n bfgj gbL 13 !# g+= j8f / j]y/L /f]8 /fd|f]
56 emf]n'Ë] k'n bfgj gbL 13 !# g+= j8f / j]y/L /f]8 /fd|f]
j8f g+= !!, !@ / !# hf]8\g] k'n lhtu9L, bfgj
57 13 /fd|f]
gbL
58 dfn'vf]nf k'n dfn'vf]nf 13 hjO / ldng6f]n hf]8\g] /fd|f]
59 bfgj k'n bfgj gbL 14 zfGtL gu/ j]nel/of /fd|f]
tfdgu/ j]y/L hf]8\g] k'n -;'4f]wg_ >[hgf 6f]n–tfdgu/-!%–
60 bfgj gbL 15 lgdf{0ffwLg
!@_
kSsL k'n tNnf] rDsLk'/ 6f]n–
61 bfgj gbL 15 lgdf{0ffwLg
bjfxf-!%–!@_
kSsL k'n d'lQmwfd – z}gfd}gf -
62 bfgj gbL 15 lgdf{0ffwLg
a'6jn !%–;}gfd}gf !_
63 kSsL k'n ltgfp vf]nf 17 a'6jn–!& / a'6jn –!! /fd|f]
;f}/xf kSsL k'n lgdf{0ffwLg -
64 ltgfp vf]nf 18 ;f}/xf cw'/f]_
65 l;of/L k'n l;of/L vf]nf 18 b'jf}nL /fd|f]
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 189

 tLgfp gbLsf] k'n
tflnsf g+= 27 M ;8s ;'ljwf kx'rsf] k|sf/sf] cfwf/df j8fut 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
w'n] ;8s uf]/]6f] af6f]
j8f kSsL÷sfnf]kq] u|fe]n ;8s cGo hDdf 3/kl/jf/
-sRrL_ hf]l8Psf]
1 346 15 29 5 1 396

2 741 88 130 22 3 984

3 1112 112 25 63 39 1351

4 563 226 8 4 1 802

5 268 19 44 37 0 368

6 794 68 4 28 1 895

7 1441 75 7 0 0 1523

8 1301 21 5 9 1 1337

9 656 135 42 2 2 837

10 538 42 98 30 0 708

11 4660 962 1322 147 1 7092

12 957 802 619 47 0 2425

13 1504 285 856 76 1 2722

14 449 82 372 75 1 979

15 462 145 283 37 1 928

16 380 150 51 59 3 643

17 221 624 463 38 1 1347

18 235 279 36 0 1 551

19 403 100 150 294 2 949

hDdf 17031 4230 4544 973 59 26837

k|ltzt 63.46 15.76 16.93 3.63 0.22 100.00

;|f]tM 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf @^,*#& lghL 3/kl/jf/x¿ dWo] kSsL÷sfnf]kfq] ;8ssf] kx'Fr ePsf]
3/kl/jf/ ;a}eGbf a9L !&,)#! cyf{t ^#=$# k|ltzt, w'n] ;8s -sRrL_ ;8ssf] kx'Fr ePsf]
3/kl/jf/x¿sf] ;+Vof $,%$$ cyf{t !^=(^, u|fe]n ;8ssf] kx'Fr ePsf] 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] ;+Vof
$,@#) cyf{t !%=&^ k|ltzt,uf]/]6f] af6f]sf] kx'Fr ePsf 3/kl/jf/x¿ (&# cyf{t #=^# k|ltzt /
cGodf %( cyf{t )=@@ k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . k'jf{wf/ ljsf;df ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ;8ssf] cj:yf
;'b[9 geOsg cGo ljsf;n] ult lng ;Sb}g t;y{ ;xh cfjfudgsf nflu pkdxfgu/kflnsfn]
;8s ;+rfngsf] ljsf; / :t/sf] pGgLltsf nflu oftfoft u'¿of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L nfu' ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 . cGo j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 190

 ;8s ;'ljwf kx'rsf] k|sf/sf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/
100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

kSsL÷sfnf]kq] u|fe]n ;8s w'n] ;8s-sRrL_ uf]/]6f] af6f] hf]l8Psf] cGo

&=#=@ ;jf/Lsf k|sf/x¿

xfn cfP/ g]kfnsf zx/L If]q / ahf/ s]Gb|x¿df ;8s oftfoft cGtu{t nfdf] b'/Ldf a;, ldlga;
tyf xfo;, dfO{qmf] a; ;~rfngdf cfPsf kfOG5g\ eg] 5f]6f] b'/Ldf dfO{qmf]a;, 6]Dkf], l;l6 l/S;f,
6\ofS;L, sf/, lah'nLaf6 rNg] ;kmf/L, l/S;f, ;fO{sn / df]6/;fO{snx¿ b]lvG5g\ . oL ;jf/L
;fwgx¿ dWo] sltko lghL / sltko ;fj{hlgs x'G5g\ .
s'g} klg If]qsf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;nfO{ ultlzn agfpg ;fj{hlgs j:t' tyf ;]jf k|jfxnfO{
;/n / ;xh agfpg s[lif tyf u}/ s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; ug{ oftfoft Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ k'jf{wf/sf]
¿kdf /x]sf] x'G5 .o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf d'Votof 6«s, 6]«S6/, lhk, a;, df]6/;fOsnx¿sf]
;d]t pkof]u ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fx¿df afx|} dlxgf ;'rf¿ x'g] u/L
;8sdfu{x¿sf] :t/ pGgLlt ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;fy} ;8s oftfoftsf] nflu cfjZos ljleGg
k"jf{wf/x¿ h:t} ;jf/L ;fwg kfls{ª :yn, a; :6k, ofq' k|ltIffno, ;8s aQL, ;8s ;ª\s]t
lrXg, a;sf] clGtd la;f}gL;DaGwL ;]jf ;'ljwfx¿ Jojl:yt ¿kdf ljsf; ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .
&=#=# k|d'v ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ¿6x¿ -a; ;]jf tyf 9'jfgL ;]jf_
ljleGg :yfg / ef}uf]lns If]qdf a:g] hgtfx¿sf] aLrdf cfk;L ;Dks{ :yfkgfsf nflu ;fj{hlgs
oftfoftnfO{ ;xh, k|efjsf/L, ;'ne / lgoldt t'Nofpg ¿6x¿sf] ljsf; h¿/L x'G5 . ljleGg
¿6x¿df oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfngdf cfPsf] v08df o;n] ljleGg ;d'bfo / If]qnfO{ Pscfk;df
hf]8]/ hgtfsf] aLrdf Pstfsf] efjgf :yflkt ub{5 .
tflnsf g+= 28 M oftfoft ¿6sf] ljj/0f
b}lgs ;~rfng x'g]
qm=;+= ¿6 -b]lv–;Dd_ j8f g+= ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k|sf/
;jf/L ;fwfg ;+Vof
1
l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ / k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{ k|of]u ug{] 1 ;a} k|sf/ cguLGtL
;a} lt/
2
l;4fy{ /fhdfu{ -la=l6=cfO{ rf]s b]lv 6«flkms 4 a; %)))
rf]s_

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 191

 b}lgs ;~rfng x'g]
qm=;+= ¿6 -b]lv–;Dd_ j8f g+= ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k|sf/
;jf/L ;fwfg ;+Vof
3 5
a;, dfOqmf], hLk, 6\ofDk'
k"j{ klZrd dx]Gb| /fhdfu{
cflb
4
lj;DofDd cfDbf nfOg nfO;]G;kmfF6 – dfOqmf], 6\ofDk',
&
s,v,u,3,ª,r,5 nfOg c6f]l/S;f
5 clw/fHosf d"Vo ;x/ lhNnf ;a} ( a;, dfOqmf], lhk, 6]Dkf] ;of}+sf] ;+Vofdf
6 /fhdfu{ rf}/fx x'Fb} k"j{ hfg] !) a;x¿, dfOqmf]
7 /fhdfu{ e}/xjf x'Fb} gfsf;Dd !)
8 ldngrf]s–gx/k'/–df]ltk'/ !! dfOqmf]÷6\ofDk' !)÷!@
9 ldngrf]s–b]ljgu/–ltnf]tdf !! dfOqmf]÷6\ofDk' !)÷!@
10 a'6jn – e}/xjf !! ;a}vfn] ;jf/L ;fwg k|z;t -xfOj]_
11 xfOj] k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{ !@ a;, dfOqmf], hLk
12 dx]Gb| /fhdfu{ -lhtul9–gofFufpF_ !# a;, dfOqmf], hLk @))
13 a]njf; j]y/L ;8s df]ltk'/;Dd !# a;, dfOqmf] $÷%
14 zfGtLrf]s–g'jfsf]6;Dd -lxpFbdfdfq_ !# lhk !÷@
15 a'6jn b]lv tfdgu/, ;]dnf/ x'Fb} km;fl6s/;Dd !% dfOqmf] a; !%
16 a'6jnb]lv tfdgu/ ;]dnf/ x'Fb} e'hf}nL;Dd !% &
17 a'6jn b]lv 5lkof !& a;, dfOqmf] !)
18 a'6jn–cd'jf–5lkof !* dfOqmf], hLk ^ j6f
19 5lkof–kf]v/L !* a; ! j6f
20 gx/k'/b]lv d}lgxfk'/;Dd !( a; !@ j6f
21 gx/k'/b]lv /fgLaf/L x'Fb} hgsk'/ !( a; !@ j6f
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^
&=#=$ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f s]Gb| b]lv pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] s]Gb| k'Ug nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do
;8s oftfoft ;'ljwfsf] lj:tf/ tyf ;8sx¿sf] :t/f]GgLlt u/L j8f s]Gb|x¿nfO{
pkdxfgu/kflnsf s]Gb|;Dd hf]8\g' cfjZos 5 . j8f s]Gb| / pkdxfgu/kflnsf s]Gb|sf] aLrdf
sg]lS6lel6 :yflkt ug{ emf]n'Ë] k'nx¿n] klg e"ldsf v]Nb5g\ . ;8s ;~hfnsf] ljsf; ePdfq
pBf]u, aGb Jofkf/sf] ljsf;sf ;fy} s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f / s[lif pTkfbgsf] ahf/Ls/0f ;+Dej 5
. u|fdL0f Onfsfsf ;8sx¿ jiff{ofdsf] a]nfdf lxnfDo x'g] ePsf sf/0f tL ;8snfO{ ækm]o/ j]b/
;8sÆ sf ¿kaf6 æcn j]b/Æ ;8ssf]¿kdf :t/f]GgLlt u/L j8f s]Gb|x¿nfO{ pkdxfgu/kflnsf
s]Gb|;Fu hf]8]/ lhNnf ;8s x'Fb} /fli6«o /fhdfu{ k|0ffnLdf hf]8\g' kg]{ x'G5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf j8f s]Gb| b]lv pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] s]Gb| / 6f9fsf] a:tL b]lv j8f
s]Gb|;Ddsf] b'/Ln] pkdxfgu/kflnsf;Fu hgtfsf] kx'FrnfO{ lgwf{/0f ub{5 . To;}n]
pkdxfgu/kflnsf s]Gb| / j8f s]Gb| aLrsf] b'/L ;a} j8f tyf 6f9fsf] a:tLx¿ ;fk]If x'g' h¿/L
x'G5 . :yfgLo ;+/rgfdf hgtfn] cfkm\gf] j8f s]Gb| tyf pkdxfgu/kflnsf s]Gb|af6 cfjZos ;]jf
;lhn} u|x0f ug{ ;Sg] lsl;dsf] x'g' k5{ . hgtfn] ;fj{hlgs ;]jf u|x0f ug{ j8f sfof{no tyf
pkdxfgu/kflnsf sfof{nosf] b'/L ;]jfu|fxLsf] ;xh kx'Frdf cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 . h;n] ubf{ hgtfn]
;]jf ;'ljwf k|fKt ug{ sl7gfO x'Fb}g . To;sf] nflu ;a} :yfgsf hgtfx¿nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ j8f
sfof{no tyf pkdxfgu/kflnsf s]Gb| lgwf{/0f ug'{ plrt x'G5 . o;y{ 6f9fsf] a:tLaf6 j8f s]Gb|
slt b'/Ldf k5{ eGg] s'/f dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] 6f9fsf] a:tL b]lv j8f
s]Gb|;Ddsf] b'/Lsf] ljj/0f tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 192

 tflnsf g+= 29 M 6f9fsf] j:tLaf6 ;DalGwt j8f s]Gb|;Dd nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do
j8f s]Gb|df k'u/] kms{g nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do
qm= ;+= 6f9fsf] j:tLsf] gfd j8f g+=
k}bn hfg] k}bn kms{g uf8Ldf hfg uf8Ldf kms{g
! u9L ! @) ld=
@ ;dob]jL ! !% ld=
# ;'s'nafaf ! !) ld=
$ e}/jgf/fo0f ! * ld=
% Hof]ltgu/ # !% ld= !% ld= % ld= % ld=
^ cd/ky $ @) ld= @) ld= !) ld= !) ld=
& ;+udky $ !* ld= !* ld= % ld= % ld=
* ;fgf]ufpF $ !% ld= !% ld= # ld= ^ ld=
( ;f}efUo 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yf % @) ld= @) ld= & ld= & ld=
!) rGb|gu/ ^ #) ld= #) ld= !% ld= !% ld=
!! eujtL 6f]n & !% ld= !% ld= % ld= % ld=
!@ ;+ud sflnsf 6f]n & !) ld= !) ld= $ ld= $ ld=
!# /fhdfu{ rf}8fxf * @) ld= @) ld= % ld= % ld=
!$ r/Ë] hfg] af6f] * $% ld= $% ld= !% ld= !% ld=
!% /fdgu/ lj:SofDk !) $% ld= $% ld= !) ld= !) ld=
!^ b'uf{ dlGb/ 6f]n, /fdgu/ !) $% ld= $% ld= !) ld= !) ld=
!& >[hgf 6f]n !) $% ld= $% ld= !) ld= !) ld=
!* gx/k'/ -df]ltk'/ l;dfgf_ !! $% ld= $% ld= !% ld= !% ld=
!( b'uf{ gu/ !! $% ld= $% ld= !% ld= !% ld=
@) hf]lu s'6L !! @) ld= @) ld= % ld= % ld=
@! Hofld/] !@ @=% 306f @ 306f
@@ hjO 6f]n !# #) ld= #) ld= !) ld= !) ld=
@# KoflnleQf÷;+ud 6f]n !# @% ld= @% ld= * ld= * ld=
@$ ldng6f]n !# @) ld= @) ld= & ld= & ld=
@% zfGtLk'/ !$ $% ld= $% ld= % ld= % ld=
@^ s}nfz gu/ !$ #) ld= #) ld= # ld= # ld=
@& df]ltgu/ !$ !% ld= !% ld= @ ld= @ ld=
@* ;+ud 6f]n !$ !) ld= !) ld= ! ld= ! ld=
!% $% ld= $% ld= !% ldg]6 !% ldg]6
@( yf¿ 6f]n ljsf; ;+:ytf
;fOsn ;fOsn
#) ;d]nf/ !^ %) ld= %) ld= !% ld= !% ld=
#! af3s'df/ !^ ! 306f ! 306f @) ld= @) ld=
#@ s]knL !^ %) ld= %) ld= !% ld= !% ld=
## sk/sl§ a]7f}lno !^ #) ld= #) ld= !) ld= !) ld=
#$ klZrd gx/6f]n, ;+ud 6f]n !& @) ld= @) ld= % ld= % ld=
#% b'jf}nL !* @% ld= @% ld= & ld= & ld=
#^ ;f}/flxof !* @% ld= @% ld= & ld= & ld=

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 193

 j8f s]Gb|df k'u/] kms{g nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do
qm= ;+= 6f9fsf] j:tLsf] gfd j8f g+=
k}bn hfg] k}bn kms{g uf8Ldf hfg uf8Ldf kms{g
#& wGbfk'/ !* @) ld= @) ld= % ld= % ld=
#* ldng6f]nsf] gx/k'/ !( ! 306f ! 306f !) ld= !) ld=
#( b]lj:yfg6f]nsf] tNnf] ef6f !( ! 306f ! 306f !) ld= !) ld=
;|f]t M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

&=#=% j8f s]Gb|af6 pkdxfgu/kflnsf s]Gb|;Dd k'Ug nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do

g]kfnn] cEof; u/]sf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL cGtu{t :yfgLo tx lgdf{0fsf] dd{ eg]s} b'/b/fhsf
ufpFj:tLdf a:g] hgtfsf] 3/cfFug;Dd ljsf; lgdf{0f k'¥ofpg' xf] . To;sf/0f :yfgLo ;/sf/n]
;8s oftfoftsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ ubf{ 6f9fsf] a:tLaf6 ;d]t pkdxfgu/kflnsf s]Gb|;Dd
;s];Dd l56f] k'Ug ;lsg] s'/f]nfO{ dWogh/ ug'{kb{5 .
tflnsf g+= 30 M j8f s]Gb|jf6 pkdxfgu/kflnsf s]Gb|;Dd hfg nfUg] ;do
pkdxfgu/kflnsf s]Gb|;Dd hfg nfUg] ;do
qm=;+= j8f s]Gb| j8f g+=
k}bn oftfoft
1 u0f]z rf]s ! !% ldg]6 % ldg]6
2 >[hgzLn j:tL # !) ldg]6 % ldg]6
3 nIdLgu/ $ @) ldg]6 % ldg]6
4 xf6ahf/ nfO{g % & ldg]6 $ ldg]6
5 lbkgu/ & #) ldg]6 !) ldg]6
6 ldng ky * #) ldg]6 !) ldg]6
7 b]jL gu/ !! #) ldg]6 & ldg]6
8 gofufpF 6f]n !@ @) ldg]6
9 a]njf; !# ! 306f @) ldg]6
10 jluof 6f]n ;]dnf/ !% # 306f #) ldg]6
11 g/}gfk"/ !^ # 306f $) ldg]6
12 df]ltk"/ !& ! 306f @) ldg]6
13 kf]v/Laf/L !* ! 306f #) ldg]6
14 tkfx !( @ 306f @) ldg]6
;|f]tM gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

&=#=^ a;kfs{;DaGwL ljj/0f

lah'nL, kfgL, ofq', k|ltIffno, zf}rfno, klAns df]afOn rflh{ª :6]zg nufotsf ;'ljwfx¿ ePsf
a;kfs{sf] lgdf{0f u/L hgtfsf] cjfudnfO{ ;xh agfpg ;lsG5 . ljsl;t d'n'sx¿sf] cEof;
x]bf{ a;kfs{x¿df x]Nk 8]:s nufot zflGt;'/Iffsf] plrt k|aGw ldnfPsf] kfO{G5 . ;'ljwf ;DkGg /
;'/lIft a;kfs{x¿ lgdf{0f ePsf] v08df oftfoft ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 x'G5 . a;kfs{df agfOn]
;+/rgfx¿ ckfËd}qL x'g'kb{5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 194

&=#=& j}slNks oftfoft ;]jf
;8s oftfoftdf rNg] ;jf/L ;fwgsf afx]s cGo lsl;dsf ;jf/L ;fwgx¿sf] ljsf;n] dfgj
hLjgnfO{ ;xh, ;'ljwf;DkGg / b'|t agfPsf] kfOG5 . g]kfn h:tf] e'kl/j]li7t d'n'ssf nflu
;d'b|n] 5f]Psf jf 3]l/Psf b]Zfx¿df h:tf] 7'nf kfgL hxfhx¿sf] ;Defjgf gePklg ;fgf]
cfsf/sf kfgLhxfhsf] ;+efjgf k|jn 5 . o;sf ;fy} xjfO{hxfh, x]lnsK6/x¿n] klg cjfudgnfO{
;xh agfPsf] kfO{G5 . lxdfnL tyf kxf8L e"–efusf] ax'd'No /x]sf] xfd|f] b]zdf /f]k j] / s]j'nsf/n]
klg j}slNks ;jf/L ;fwgsf]¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 .
&=$ ljB't tyf phf{
s]xL l;ldt ;'ud If]qsf 3/x¿df ljB'lts/0f eP tfklg To;sf] ;ª\Vof guGo /x]sfn]
ljB'lts/0fdf 7"nf] nufgL ug{'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . ljB't k|zf/0f nfO{g ;'wf/df ;j{k|yd sf7sf kf]nx¿
kSsL jf kmnfdsf kf]nx¿n] lj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 eg] Low Voltage x'g] :yfgx¿df 6«fG;kmd{/
h8fg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .
ljB't ;]jf afx]s j}slNks / gljs/0fLo phf{ k|a4{gsf nflu 7f]; sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 . kz'kfng x'g] If]qdf uf]a/UofF; lgdf{0fdf k|f]T;fxg / cg'bfg lbg] / cGo b'u{d tyf ;'ud
b'j} If]qdf ;f}o{ phf{ h8fg ug{ ;s] To;af6 phf{sf] lgoldt cfk'lt{ x'g'sf] ;fy} yk ljsf;sf
lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ phf{sf] ;b'kof]u dfkm{t ult lbg ;lsG5 . ;f}o{ phf{af6 lnkm\6 l;FrfO vfg]kfgL
cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ u|fx:y pkef]usf lgDtL k|of]u u/L a9L ePsf] phf{nfO{ /fli6«o k|zf/0f
nfOgdf ljqmL ;d]t ug{ ;lsG5 .
;fdfGotof Pp6f ;fdfGo kl/jf/n] b}lgs @ lsnf] jf6ljB't vkt ub{5 . To;df klg of] pkef]usf]
dfqf u|fdL0f e]ux¿df Tof] eGbf Go'g x'G5 . !&=^ ju{ lkm6sf] ;f]nf/ pannel n] @%) jf6 ljB't
pTkfbg ub{5 . lbge/ sl/a ^=* 306f ;'o{sf] ls/0faf6 250 watt X 6.8 hours ubf{ !=& lsnf]jf6
ljB't lg:sG5 . !=&K.W X #) lbg ubf{ dlxgfdf %! ls=jf=ljB't pTkfbg x'g ;Sb5 .
o;sf] cy{ ^)) ju{ lkm6 cf]u6\g] 3/af6
600
%! ls=jf= × 17.6 = 1738 ls=jf=

o;sf] cy{ ^)) ju{lkm6 cf]u6\g] 3/df ;f}o{phf{ h8fg ubf{ ;f] 3/nfO{ k'Ug] phf{ pTkfbg ug{
;lsG5 . oBlk u|fdL0f 3/x¿ ;f}o{ phf{ pTkfbg d}qL agfpg'kg]{ x'G5 . csf]{ tkm{ kfgLsf ;bfaxf/
;|f]tx¿ ePsf] / hnfzodf cfwfl/t ljB'tsf] ;d]t ;+efjgf cWoog u/L n3' ljB't of]hgfx¿
;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L pTkflbt ljB't a9L ePsf] v08df /fli6«o k|zf/0f nfOgdf a]Rg
;lsG5 . xfn;Dd ;d]t sf7bfp/fnfO{ vfgf ksfpg] d'Vo OGwgsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ 3/kl/jf/
ePsfn] sf7bfp/f lj:yfkg ug{ ljB't tyf ;f}o{ phf{n] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sb5 . o;af6 jftfj/0f
;+/If0fdf ;d]t 6]jf k'Ub5 . t;y{ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ljleGg j8fdf ljB't k|zf/0f nfO{g dd{t
;+ef/ tyf ;'wf/, 6«fG;kmd{/ h8fg, j}slNks tyf gljs/0fLo phf{ k|a4{gsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng
ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 195

&=$=! vfgf ksfpg k|of]u x'g] OGwgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
ckf/ hn;|f]tsf] ;Dkbf eP/ klg To;sf] ;b'kof]u x'g g;ls/x]sf] sf/0f zx/ / u|fdL0f O{nfsfdf
phf{ ;+s6 JofKt 5 . g]kfnsf] kxf8L tyf lxdfnL If]qdf clxn]klg 7'nf] ;+Vofdf hgtfx¿n] vfgf
ksfpg] OGwgsf] ¿kdf sf7bfp/fsf] k|of]u ub{5g\ eg] t/fO{ If]qdf u'OF7fsf] k|of]u Jofks¿kdf
eO{/x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 31 M vfgf ksfpg] OGwgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
sf7 PnkL uf]a/ uf]a/ ÷ cGo pNn]v
j8f dl6t]n lah'nL hDdf
bfp/f÷sf]Onf Uof; Uof;÷afof]Uof; u'O7f gePsf]
1 12 600 1 0 0 0 0 0 613
2 108 1336 3 0 0 0 0 0 1447
3 96 2858 1 1 0 0 2 0 2958
4 6 1211 1 1 0 0 0 0 1219
5 9 661 1 1 0 0 0 1 673
6 8 1262 0 2 1 0 0 0 1273
7 23 2676 1 3 0 0 0 0 2703
8 27 2435 0 0 0 0 0 0 2462
9 5 1365 0 2 0 0 0 0 1372
10 25 1403 0 0 0 1 1 0 1430
11 104 11711 6 9 1 0 0 6 11837
12 119 2947 0 1 6 1 0 0 3074
13 141 3416 3 0 1 0 0 0 3561
14 219 917 0 0 5 0 0 0 1141
15 34 993 0 0 24 0 0 0 1051
16 124 569 0 0 19 1 0 0 713
17 281 1400 0 0 16 2 0 0 1699
18 127 437 0 0 23 0 0 0 587
19 73 989 0 0 1 0 0 0 1063
hDdf 1541 39186 17 20 97 5 3 7 40876
k|ltzt 3.77 95.87 0.04 0.05 0.24 0.01 0.01 0.02 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] s'n 3/kl/jf/x¿ dWo] #(,!*^ cyf{t\ (%=*& k|ltztn] PnkL UofF;, !,%$!
cyf{t\ #=&& k|ltztn] sf7bfp/f÷sf]Onf k|of]u ub{5g\ eg] dl§t]n, lah'nL / cGo ;|f]t k|of]u ug]{
hg;+Vof guGo /x]sf] kfOof] . :yfgLox¿n] sf7 bfp/fsf] k|of]u u/]af6 Psftkm{ jgh+un /
kof{j/0fdf Iflt k'Ug] / csf{]tkm{ w'jfF / bfp/f ;+sng ubf{ nfUg] ;don] qmdzM :jf:Yodf c;/
k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} ;do ;d]t a9L vr{ x'g] b]lvG5 . t;y{ u|fdL0f e]ux¿df j}slNks phf{sf] pQd
pkfosf] ¿kdf uf]a/ UofF;sf] k|of]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{] / cfo cfh{gsf sfo{qmdx¿df s]lGb|t u/L
pkdxfgu/kflnsf jf;LnfO{ sf7 bfp/fsf] ljsNk tkm{ n}hfg'kg{] b]lvG5 . j8fut ljj/0f tflnsfdf
k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 196

 vfgf ksfpg k|of]u ul/g] d'Vo O{Gwgsf] cfwf/df kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
95.87%

sf7 bfp/f÷sf]Onf
PnkL Uof;
dl6t]n
lah'nL
uf]a/ Uof;÷afof]Uof;
uf]a/ ÷ u'O7f
3.77%
cGo
pNn]v gePsf]

0.24%

lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ kof{j/l0fo ;Gt'ng agfO /fVg dflg;sf] pkef]u z}nLdf kl/jt{g ug'{
ckl/xfo{ 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfnn] cfwf/jif{ @)!% df &$=& Ü /x]sf] OGwgsf] k|fylds >f]tsf] ¿kdf
sf7, bfp/f, u'OF7f cflb k|of]u ug{] hg;d'bfo ;g\ @)#);Dd #)Ü df emfg{] (SDG–7) tyf ksfpg]
k|of]hgfy{ LPGk|of]unfO{ !*Ü -@)!%_ af6 ##Ü df k'¥ofpg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 . o;} /fli6«o nIonfO{
cfTd;fy ub{} o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ To;tkm{ pGd'v agfpg' cfjZos 5 .
&=$=@ ljB'lts/0fsf] cj:yf
g]kfndf lghL, ;/sf/L tyf cGt/fli6«o nufgLdf ljB'tLs/0fsf k|of;x¿ eO{/x]sf ePklg sltko
gLltut c:ki6tf, k|fljlws sl7gfO{, /fhg}lts cl:y/tf / s8f cg'udg k|0ffnLsf] cefjh:tf
sf/0fn] tLa| ultdf ljB'lts/0f x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f, n3' hnljB't cfof]hgf
tyf a[xt hnljB't kl/of]hgf ;~rfng u/]/ b]zdf lgjf{xd'vL dfq xf]Og ls lgof{td'vL pTkfbg
u/L phf{ ;+s6 ;dfwfg ug'{sf] ;fy} ljb]zL d'b|f cfh{g ug{ ;lsg] k|r'/ ;+efjgf g]kfn;Fu 5 .
o;sf nflu nufgL d}qL jftfj/0fsf] cfjZostf 5 .
&=$=# aQL afNg k|of]u x'g] OGwgsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fx¿df ljB't dd{t ;+ef/, dx;"n c;'nL tyf ljB'tLs/0f
of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0fn] ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^ sf]
glhtf cg';f/ b}lgs aQL afNg k|of]u ul/g] OGwgdf ljB't k|d'v ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf g+= 32 M b}lgs aQL afNg k|of]u ul/g] OGwgsf] ljj/0f
j8f lah'nL ;f]nf/ dl6t]n uf]a/ UofF; cGo pNn]v gePsf] hDdf
1 562 25 26 0 0 0 613
2 1429 11 7 0 0 0 1447
3 2886 68 2 2 0 0 2958
4 1216 3 0 0 0 0 1219
5 665 1 6 0 0 1 673

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 197

 j8f lah'nL ;f]nf/ dl6t]n uf]a/ UofF; cGo pNn]v gePsf] hDdf
6 1266 3 0 0 4 0 1273
7 2645 32 11 0 15 0 2703
8 2455 7 0 0 0 0 2462
9 1360 12 0 0 0 0 1372
10 1400 26 3 0 1 0 1430
11 11724 57 30 5 15 6 11837
12 3018 43 8 1 4 0 3074
13 3506 18 1 0 36 0 3561
14 1107 26 7 0 1 0 1141
15 1039 4 5 2 1 0 1051
16 700 8 5 0 0 0 713
17 1675 7 4 0 13 0 1699
18 574 2 1 2 8 0 587
19 1056 3 4 0 0 0 1063
hDdf 40283 356 120 12 98 7 40876
k|ltzt 98.55 0.87 0.29 0.03 0.24 0.02 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf 3/kl/jf/x¿n] b}lgs aQL afNg k|of]u ug]{ OGwgsf] ;|f]t ljZn]if0f ubf{
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf s'n $),*&^ 3/kl/jf/x¿ dWo] $),@*# cyf{t (*=%% k|ltztn] ljB't, #%^
cyf{t )=*& k|ltztn] ;f]nf/, !@) cyf{t )=@( k|ltztn] dl§t]n / afFsLn] cGo OGwgsf] k|of]u
u/]sf] kfOof] . o; tYofÍnfO{ x]bf{ u|fdL0f ljB'lts/0fdf Jofks ljsf; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf ljB't
;]jfsf] kx'Fr gk'u]sf] kl/jf/x¿ guGo /x]sf] b]lvG5 eg] ;]jf gk'u]sf If]qx¿df To;sf] lj:tf/ x'g'
h¿/L 5 . j8fut ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

b}lgs aQL afNg k|of]u ul/g] OGwgsf] ljj/0f

45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
lah'nL ;f]nf/ dl6t]n uf]a/ UofF; cGo pNn]v
gePsf]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 198

&=$=$ a}slNks phf{sf >f]tx¿sf] ljj/0f
k]6«f]lnod kbfy{dflysf] lge{/tfnfO{ 36fpFb} gjLs/0fLo j}slNks phf{sf] k|of]udf Jofkstf Nofpg
;s]sf] v08df kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ngnfO{ sfod /fVg d4t k'Ub5 . l8h]n, k]6«f]n, dl§t]n h:tf
kbfy{sf] pTkfbg g]kfndf gx'g] ePsf sf/0fjif]{gL c/af}F ¿k}Fof xfdLn] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfoftdf
vlr{g' k/]sf] 5 . t];|f] ljZjsf] Ps e"kl/j]li7t ljsf;f]Gd'v b]z g]kfnsf nflu of] j}b]lzs Jofkf/
3f6fsf] Ps k|d'v sf/0f xf] . xfdLn] cfoft k|lt:yfkg / lgof{t k|jGwsf] gLltnfO{ Jojxf/
k|efjsf/L tl/sfn] ptfg{ g;ls/x]sf] kl/k|]Ifdf jfo" phf{, ;f}o{ phf{, ljB't phf{ tyf afof] UofF;sf]
ljsf; dfkm{t phf{sf] >f]tdf xfdL cfTdlge{/ aGg ;S5f}+ . To;}n] g]kfnsf] xsdf :yfgLo ;/sf/,
k|fb]lzs ;/sf/ / ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] gjLs/0fLo j}slNks phf{sf] ljsf;df cfjZos gLlt lgdf{0f u/L
sfd ug'{ kb{5 .
&=% /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, kqklqsf, OG6/g]6, 6]lnkmf]g, df]afOn, x'nfs tyf s'l/o/
;]jf;DaGwL tYofÍ ljj/0f
PSsfO{;f}}+ ztfAbLsf] e"d08nLs[t ;dfh ;"rgf / ;~rf/sf] o'udf 5 . ;"rgf / ;~rf/sf] If]qdf
cfPsf] qmflGtnfO{ g]kfnsf] zx/L If]qn] nueu cfTd;fy ul/;s]sf] ePklg u|fdL0f If]qdf 6]lnlehg,
kqklqsf, O{G6/g]6, 6]lnkmf]g, df]afOn / s'l/o/ ;]jf lj:tf/ x'g afFsL 5 . ;~rf/ / k|ljlwsf oL
dfWodx¿sf] k"0f{¿kn] ljsf; u/L u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ ;"rgf / ;~rf/sf] b'lgofFdf k|j]z u/fpg'
r'gf}tLk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] hgtfsf] ;"rgfsf] xsnfO{ df}lns xssf] ¿kdf kl/eflift
u/]sf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 33 M pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf ;~rf/sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= ;~rf/sf] gfd j8f g+= 6fj/ /x]sf] :yfg
! Ncell 2 k'ik g/l;+x 6f]n, sflnsf plh/l;+x, led;]g ;dfh ;'wf/
@ NTC 3

# NTC 4 sfGtL ky

$ /]l8of] d'lSt 4 nIdL gu/

% Ncell 4 d+un ky

^ ltgfp Pkm=Pd= 5

& NTC 5

* Ncell 7 lzjfno6f]n

( Ncell 8 hgsNof0f 6f]n, >L ky

!) Ncell 9 a'46f]n

!! ltgfp Pkm=Pd= 10 sflnsfgu/

!@ a'6jn Pkm=Pd= 10 sflnsfgu/

!# n'lDagL Pkm=Pd= 10 sflnsfgu/

!$ NTC 11 gx/k'/

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 199

qm=;+= ;~rf/sf] gfd j8f g+= 6fj/ /x]sf] :yfg
!% Ncell 11 b]jLgu/

!^ NTC 12 tfdgu/

!& Ncell 12 tfdgu/

!* NTC 13 gofufpF 6f]n

!( Ncell 13 ab]nkf]v/L

@) NTC 14 >[hgl;n 6f]n

@! Ncell 15 ph]nfk'/6f]n

@@ Smart Tower 16 ;]dnf/

df};d;DaGwL 6fj/ - 16
@# hnjfo'_
@$ NTC 17 pQ/ kf]v/faf/L

@% Ncell Tower 18 ldnLh'nL

;|f]tMgu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 200

&=%=! kl/jf/df ePsf] ;fwg tyf ;'ljwfsf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 34 M kl/jf/df ePsf] ;fwg tyf ;'ljwfsf] ljj/0f
j8f g+=
ljj/0f hDdf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

/]l8of] 118 429 223 313 137 224 494 598 326 72 2505 581 1071 370 23 39 180 423 130 8256
6]lnlehg 329 900 1220 737 297 819 1461 1272 804 673 6239 2131 2521 798 773 559 989 455 827 23804
s]an 6LeL÷l8; 234 425 800 614 198 769 1290 1108 762 525 5405 1840 2078 722 488 495 848 412 796 19809
sDKo'6/÷Nofk6k 61 91 395 291 54 188 536 710 423 317 1804 338 809 101 48 94 83 70 149 6562
O{G6/g]6 ;'ljwf 133 302 908 502 133 676 1007 1085 670 483 3757 964 1634 189 323 135 247 116 420 13684
Nof08nfOg kmf]g 104 92 494 274 53 213 312 606 336 195 948 140 238 11 32 29 3 1 14 4095
df]afOn kmf]g 316 865 1275 635 291 863 1450 1297 783 665 6141 2297 2588 888 878 596 1283 521 925 24557
df]6/;fO{sn÷:s'6/ 164 385 649 333 108 426 824 875 527 402 3199 1003 1310 395 415 262 453 275 445 12450
sf/÷hLk÷Eofg 6 21 100 71 19 85 98 187 137 60 379 104 116 23 27 25 18 14 27 1517
lghL k|of]usf nflu
cGo 9'jfgL ;fwg -
a;, 6«s, sf/, 3 20 33 6 1 34 32 11 11 7 59 43 38 21 29 26 11 26 31 442
hLk_
cGo ;jf/L -6fFuf, 5 8 3 0 0 11 4 0 1 1 5 1 4 2 3 2 1 2 0 53
7]nf, uf8f_
6\ofDk'÷O{l/S;f 4 20 26 0 0 25 54 8 2 6 136 19 23 23 10 2 33 6 8 405
;fOsn÷l/S;f 68 85 50 29 2 43 168 44 90 71 971 640 395 594 471 300 932 484 704 6141
kfj/ l6n/÷kDk;]6 1 2 13 43 4 3 0 5 5 2 15 7 3 1 10 19 3 0 6 142
/]lk|mh]/]6/ -lk|mh_ 291 751 1164 649 156 736 1248 1107 762 640 5103 1702 2197 556 665 376 679 293 647 19722
Po/ 22 24 77 92 27 147 153 190 208 90 404 105 181 38 21 20 23 4 20 1846
sl08;g/÷s'n/
jfl;ª d]l;g 38 28 162 134 38 152 138 267 197 114 532 84 148 18 31 22 10 11 20 2144
luh/÷;f]nf/-tftf] 29 33 195 154 29 203 204 277 270 134 419 112 129 31 42 36 23 11 44 2375
kfgLsf nflu_
kª\vf÷lx6/ 339 888 1228 728 193 877 1328 1129 775 627 5424 1964 2601 864 888 526 1125 533 940 22977

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 201

 ;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 202

;fwg tyf ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] cfwf/df pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf df]afOn ;'ljwf pknAwtf ePsf]
3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof pRr /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf s'n 3/kl/jf/x¿ dWo] @$,%%&
3/kl/jf/df df]afOn ePsf] b]lvG5 . bf];|f]df 6]lnlehg ePsf] kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof @#,*)$,
kª\vf÷lx6/ x'g] 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof @@,(&&, s]jn÷l8; Rofgn x'g] 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof !(,*)(
/x]sf] 5 eg]/]lk|mh]/]6/ -lk|mh_ x'g] 3/kl/jf/ !(,&@@ /x]sf] 5 . ;du|df tYofÍnfO{ x]bf{ ;+rf/ If]qsf]
k|d'v df]afOn;]jfdf j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . df]afOn k|of]ustf{n] ;a}vfn] ;+rf/sf ;'ljwf h:t}
>Jo, b[io, ;"rgf, uLt, va/ cfbfg k|bfg nufotsf w]/} sfd ug{ ;xh x'g] ePsf]n] /]l8of]
k|of]ustf{sf] ljutsf] t'ngfdf qmdz 3l6/x]sf] b]lvG5 . csf{]tkm{ sf/÷hLk, P/ slG8;g/, lx6/ jf
UofF; luh/h:tf pRr ;'ljwfsf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] +;+Vof sd b]lvG5 . oBlk u|fdL0f Onfsfx¿df ;d]t
qmdzM cfw'lgs ;'v ;'ljwfsf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] k|of]ustf{x¿ a9\gfn] pkef]QmfjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;
eO{/x]sf] b]lvG5 . j8fut ¿kdf lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/jf/df ePsf] ;fwg tyf ;'ljwfsf] ljj/0f

30000

20000

10000

&=^ cfjf; tyf ;fj{hlgs ejgx¿

&=^=! kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] 3/sf] :jfldTjsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 35 M kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] 3/sf] :jfldTjsf] juL{s/0f
pNn]v hDdf
j8f lghL ef8fdf ;+:yfut cGo
gePsf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
1 396 215 2 0 0 613
2 984 461 2 0 0 1447
3 1348 1601 6 3 0 2958
4 800 414 3 2 0 1219
5 369 304 0 0 0 673
6 886 378 0 9 0 1273
7 1520 1178 2 3 0 2703

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 203

 pNn]v hDdf
j8f lghL ef8fdf ;+:yfut cGo
gePsf] 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
8 1330 1122 3 7 0 2462
9 834 534 1 3 0 1372
10 708 719 3 0 0 1430
11 7075 4732 10 18 2 11837
12 2414 648 1 11 0 3074
13 2703 838 1 19 0 3561
14 977 161 1 2 0 1141
15 928 122 1 0 0 1051
16 643 69 1 0 0 713
17 1342 352 0 5 0 1699
18 547 35 1 4 0 587
19 939 114 0 10 0 1063
hDdf 26743 13997 38 96 2 40876
k|ltzt 65.42 34.24 0.09 0.23 0.005 100.00
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^
o; a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s'n $),*&^ 3/kl/jf/x¿ dWo] ^%=$@ k|ltzt cyf{t
@^,&$# kl/jf/sf] cfˆg} :jfldTjdf /x]sf] lghL 3/, #$=@$ k|ltzt cyf{t !#,((& 3/kl/jf/
ef8fdf a:g] u/]sf], )=)( k|ltzt cyf{t #* 3/x¿ ;+:yfut lx;fan] k|of]u u/]sf], cGodf )=@#
k|ltzt cyf{t (^ 3/kl/jf/x¿ /x]sf]] kfOof] .j8fut ¿kdf j8f g+= !! df ef8fdf a:g] kl/jf/x¿
/ clwsf+z ;+:yfut pkof]usf] 3/x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . oL jfx]s ;Dk'0f{ j8fx¿df lghL :jfldTjsf]
3/df a;f]af; ug]{ kl/jf/x¿ /x]sf5g\ . Joj;foLs, ef8fsf] k|of]hg / ;+:yfut lx;fan] k|of]u
ePsf 3/x¿sf] ;+Vof w]/} x'g'n] a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf k"0f{ ¿kdf zx/L kl/j]zsf] l:yltdf
/x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 . cGo j8fut ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] 3/sf] :jfldTjsf] juL{s/0f

65.42%

34.24%

0.23%

0.09%

lghL ef8fdf ;+:yfut cGo

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 204

&=^=@ kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] 3/ ePsf] hUufsf] :jfldTj ljj/0f
tflnsf g+= 36 M kl/jf/ a;f]af; ul//x]sf] 3/ /x]sf] hUufsf] :jfldTjsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
;fj{hlgs÷ ;'s'Daf;L÷ hDdf
j8f lghL u'7L cGo
P]nfgL 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof
1 396 0 0 0 396
2 517 1 466 0 984
3 1333 0 17 1 1351
4 798 0 4 0 802
5 166 0 202 0 368
6 511 0 375 9 895
7 1522 0 0 1 1523
8 1334 2 0 1 1337
9 822 1 12 2 837
10 706 0 2 0 708
11 4168 2 2919 3 7092
12 1724 0 700 1 2425
13 2517 0 205 0 2722
14 582 78 319 0 979
15 874 0 43 11 928
16 474 0 167 2 643
17 590 0 752 5 1347
18 549 0 0 2 551
19 904 0 24 21 949
hDdf 20487 84 6207 59 26837
k|ltzt 76.34 0.31 23.13 0.22 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

o; pkdxfgu/kflnsf l:yt @^,*#& 3/kl/jf/x¿ dWo] @),$*& cyf{t &^=#$ k|ltzt
3/kl/jf/x¿ a;f]af; ug]{ 3/ lghL :jfldTjsf] hdLgdf lgdf{0f ePsf], ^,@)& cyf{t\ @#=!#
k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/x¿ a;f]af; ug]{ 3/sf] hdLg;fj{hlgs÷P]nfgL÷;'s'Daf;LhdLg /x]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L *$ 3/kl/jf/ cyf{t\ )=#! k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/x¿ a;f]af; ug]{ 3/ u'7Lsf] hUufdf 3/
agfPsf], cGo :jfldTjsf] 3/df a;f]af; ug]{ 3/kl/jf/x¿ %( cyf{t )=@@ k|ltzt /x]sf]] kfOof] .
b]zdf nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf nfu' eO{ cfjf; h:tf] cfwf/e"t dfgjLo cfjZostfnfO{
;+ljwfgn] wf/f #& df df}lns xssf] ¿kdf k|Tofe"t u/]klg o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf
;fj{hlgs÷P]nfgL÷;'s'Daf;LhdLgsf] k|of]u ug]{x¿sf] ;+Vof @#=!& k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cfjf; ljlxg
;'s'Daf;Lx¿nfO{ ;:tf], ;'ne / ;'/lIft cfjf;sf PsLs[t sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/L Joj:yfkg ug'{
kg]{ b]lvG5 . &^=@( k|ltztsf] cfˆg} :jfldTjdf /x]sf] hdLgdf 3/ x'g' /fd|f] eP tfklg cfjf;sf]
:t/af/] :ki6 gePsf]n] ;a}nfO{ ;'/lIft cf>o:yn x'g' /fHosf] bfloTj /x]sf]n] :yfgLo ;/sf/sf]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 205

¿kdf /x]sf] pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] o; tkm{ bL3{sflng of]hgf lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . j8fut
ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] 3/ ePsf] hUufsf] :jfldTj ljj/0f

76.34%

23.13%

0.31%

0.22%

lghL u'7L ;fj{hlgs :yn÷;'s'Daf;L cGo

&=^=# sRrL, kSsL, cw{kSsL 3/sf] k|sf/sf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f

e"sDkLo b[li6sf]0fn] ;+j]bgzLn /x]sf] g]kfndf 3/x¿ lgdf{0f ubf{ e"sDk k|lt/f]wL agfpg' cfjZos
5 . o;sf] cnfjf 3/x¿ hf8f], udL{, t'iff/f] / lxdkftaf6 hgtfnfO{ hf]ufpg] lsl;dsf x'g'kb{5 .
clt ljkGg kl/jf/sf nflu PsLs[t a:tL lgdf{0f u/L ;/sf/n] pgLx¿sf] cfjf; ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/
;'lglZrt u/]sf] v08df /fHosf] nf]ssNof0fsf/L e"ldsf k'li6 x'G5 .
tflnsf g+= 37 M 3/sf] lsl;dsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/ ljj/0f
j8f kSsL cw{kSsL sRrL 6x/f÷em'k|f]÷5fk|f] cGo pNn]v gePsf] hDdf
1 215 145 34 0 0 219 613

2 512 447 19 0 0 469 1447

3 1079 240 23 0 0 1616 2958

4 631 149 8 0 0 431 1219

5 201 128 36 1 0 307 673

6 561 304 17 0 0 391 1273

7 1185 314 17 5 1 1181 2703

8 1300 31 4 0 0 1127 2462

9 785 27 16 1 0 543 1372

10 636 61 9 0 0 724 1430

11 4902 2097 78 6 0 4754 11837

12 1776 589 37 11 0 661 3074

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 206

 j8f kSsL cw{kSsL sRrL 6x/f÷em'k|f]÷5fk|f] cGo pNn]v gePsf] hDdf
13 2223 460 30 4 0 844 3561

14 587 360 28 4 0 162 1141

15 624 241 61 1 0 124 1051

16 486 144 8 0 0 75 713

17 536 769 24 17 0 353 1699

18 388 118 40 5 0 36 587

19 768 147 28 2 0 118 1063

hDdf 19395 6771 517 57 1 14135 40876

k|ltzt 47.45 16.56 1.26 0.14 0.00 34.58 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf s'n $),*&^ dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L !(,#(% cyf{t $&=$% k|ltzt 3/x¿
kSsL, ^,&&! cyf{t !^=%^ k|ltzt cw{kSsL, %!& cyf{t !=@^ k|ltzt sRrL, %& 3/kl/jf/ jf
)=!$ k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/x¿ 6x/f÷em'k|f]÷5fk|f]df a:g] u/]sf] kfOof] eg] !$,!#% 3/kl/jf/sf] pNn]v
gePsf] kfOof] . j8fut¿kdf j8f g+= !! df kSsL 3/, cw{kSsL 3/ / sRrL 3/x¿sf] ;+Vof a9L
/x]sf] 5eg] j8f g+= !& df w]/} 6x/f÷em'k|f]÷5fk|f] /x]sf 5g\ . pkdxfgu/kflnsf !^=%^ k|ltzt
3/x¿ cw{kSsL/ !=@^ k|ltzt 3/x¿ sRrL x'g'n] e"sDkLo hf]lvdsf] lx;fan] cToGt hf]lvdk"0f{
cj:yfdf /x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 . sRrL 3/x¿ klg /xg'n] cfly{s ljkGgtfsf] ;"rs ;d]t /x]sf]n]
;'/lIft cfjf;sf bL3{sfnLg of]hgf lgdf0f{ ug'{ clgjfo{ b]lvG5 . csf{]tkm{ )=!$ k|ltzt 3/x¿
6x/f÷em'k|f]÷5fk|f]df cyf{t ljkGg cj:yfdf lgDg u'0f:t/Lo hLjg lgjf{x u/L e'mk|f]df a:g] u/]sf]
b]lvG5 .$&=$% k|ltzt 3/x¿ kSsL cj:yfdf /x]klg e"slDko hf]lvdsf] ;+j]bgzLntf ePsf]n] tL
3/x¿ e"–sDk k|lt/f]wL ;d]t x'g'kb{5 . /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtf cg'¿k ;Dk"0f{ 3/nfO{ dfkb08 leq
Nofpg' pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] lhDd]jf/L xf] . e"sDksf] Ifltsf] t'ngfdf 3/x¿ dfkb08 leq Nofpg
nfUg] nfut ct'nlgo ¿kdf sd kb{5 . t;y{ ;fjwfgL ckgfpg' a'l4dfgL x'G5 . j8fut ljj/0f
tflnsfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 207

 3/sf] lsl;dsf] cfwf/df 3/w'/L ljj/0f

20000
18000
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0

&=^=$ kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] sf]7fsf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 38 M kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] sf]7fsf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f
15 jf
!–@ #–$ %–^ & – !) !! – !$ pNn]v
j8f ;f]eGbf hDdf
sf]7f sf]7f sf]7f sf]7f sf]7f gePsf]
a9L sf]7f
1 263 210 113 25 1 1 0 613

2 712 462 178 85 9 1 0 1447

3 1677 669 425 174 13 0 0 2958

4 467 420 249 79 3 1 0 1219

5 362 188 75 33 8 7 0 673

6 546 448 168 93 13 5 0 1273

7 1181 1016 390 110 5 1 0 2703

8 844 913 519 176 7 3 0 2462

9 433 466 346 117 8 2 0 1372

10 674 452 214 84 4 2 0 1430

11 5201 4995 1320 293 20 5 3 11837

12 939 1447 484 184 16 4 0 3074

13 1023 1667 650 207 11 3 0 3561

14 429 528 138 44 2 0 0 1141

15 269 541 176 62 3 0 0 1051

16 223 352 100 37 1 0 0 713

17 899 683 94 18 3 2 0 1699

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 208

 15 jf
!–@ #–$ %–^ & – !) !! – !$ pNn]v
j8f ;f]eGbf hDdf
sf]7f sf]7f sf]7f sf]7f sf]7f gePsf]
a9L sf]7f
18 210 271 84 20 2 0 0 587

19 289 558 189 26 1 0 0 1063

hDdf 16641 16286 5912 1867 130 37 3 40876

k|ltzt 40.71 39.84 14.46 4.57 0.32 0.09 0.01 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf] 3/x¿dWo] ! b]lv @ j6f sf]7f k|of]u ug{] 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof ;a}eGbf
a9L !^,^$! cyf{t $)=&! k|ltzt, # b]lv $ j6f sf]7f k|of]u ug{] 3/kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof !^,@*^
cyf{t #(=*$ k|ltzt, % b]lv ^ j6f sf]7f k|of]u ug{]sf] ;+Vof %,(!@ cyf{t !$=$^ k|ltzt, &
b]lv !) j6f sf]7f k|of]u ug]{sf] ;+Vof !,*^& cyf{t $=%& k|ltzt / !) j6f eGbf a9L sf]7fx¿
k|of]u ug{]sf] ;+Vof eg] Go"g /x]sf] 5 .cToGt Go"g ;+Vofdf dfq sf]7fx¿ k|of]u ug{] 3/kl/jf/sf]
;+Vof a9L x'Fbf pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf clwsf+z 3/kl/jf/sf] cfjf; pkef]usf] tx C0ffTds /x]sf]
tYofÍn] b]vfpF5 .o;df cfˆgf gful/sx¿nfO{ ljkGgtfaf6 cfwf/e"t dfgjLo cfjZostf kl/k"lt{
x'g] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg :yfgLo, k|b]z tyf ;+3Lo ;/sf/x¿n] u/LaL lgjf/0fsf k|efjsf/L
sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ ;3g ¿kdf ;+rfng ug'{kg{] b]lvG5 .

kl/jf/n] k|of]u u/]sf] sf]7fsf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f

18000
16000
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! – @ sf]7f # – $ sf]7f % – ^ sf]7f & – !) sf]7f !! – !$ !% jf pNn]v
sf]7f ;f]eGbf a9L gePsf]
sf]7f

&=^=% 3/ tyf hdLgdf dlxnfsf] :jfldTj;DaGwL ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 39 M 3/ tyf hdLgdf dlxnfsf] :jfldTj;DaGwL ljj/0f
j8f ePsf] gePsf] yfxf 5}g hDdf
1 26 272 98 396
2 273 479 232 984
3 646 635 70 1351

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 209

 j8f ePsf] gePsf] yfxf 5}g hDdf
4 266 337 199 802
5 20 285 63 368
6 370 524 1 895
7 445 1059 19 1523
8 466 860 11 1337
9 376 415 46 837
10 310 378 20 708
11 3378 3515 199 7092
12 804 1596 25 2425
13 927 1618 177 2722
14 333 639 7 979
15 409 438 81 928
16 226 323 94 643
17 321 1001 25 1347
18 168 360 23 551
19 343 604 2 949
hDdf 10107 15338 1392 26837
k|ltzt 37.66 57.15 5.19 100.00

;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

o; pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf s'n @^,*#& lghL 3/kl/jf/x¿ dWo] !),!)& cyf{t #&=^^ k|ltzt
3/kl/jf/df dlxnfsf] gfddf 3/ tyf hdLg /x]sf] 5 eg] !%,##* cyf{t\ %&=!% k|ltzt
3/kl/jf/df k'¿ifsf] g} :jfldTj /x]sf] b]lvG5 . !,#(@ 3/kl/jf/x¿af6 eg] :ki6 pQ/ k|fKt
gePsf] b]lvG5 . o; tYofÍnfO{ x]bf{ w]/} dlxnfsf] hdLg / 3/df :jfldTj /x]sf] b]lvG5 . xfnsf
jif{x¿df lzIffsf] ;sf/fTds k|efj, ;~rf/ dfWodsf] ljsf; / To;sf] k|rf/fTds k|efj, k|d'v
/fhg}lts tyf ;fdflhs kl/jt{g h:tf sf/0fn] n}lËs e]befj qmdzM sd x'Fb} uPsf] sf/0fn] klg
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] tYofÍnfO{ x]bf{ w]/} dlxnfx¿sf] gfddf hUuf hdLgsf] /x]sf] eP tfklg cem}
afFsL /x]sf n}lËs e]b\efj x6fpg /fHon] tyf :yfgLo :t/df k|efjsf/L sbdx¿ s8fOsf ;fy
rfNg' clgjfo{ 5 . tYofÍsf] j8fut ljj/0f :tDe lrqdf klg k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 210

 dlxnfsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] 3/w'/L÷hdLg ;DaGwL ljj/0f
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500

0
! @ # $ % ^ & * ( !) !! !@ !# !$ !% !^ !& !* !(
dlxnfsf] gfddf 3/ ÷hUuf ePsf] kl/jf/ dlxnfsf] gfddf 3/ ÷hUuf gePsf] kl/jf/ yfxf gePsf]

&=^=^ sf]7f jf km\Nof6 ef8fdf lbPsf 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] j8fut ljj/0f

tflnsf g+= 40 M sf]7f jf km\Nof6 ef8fdf lbPsf 3/kl/jf/x¿sf] j8fut ljj/0f
sf]7f jf ˆNof6 ef8fdf lbPsf]
j8f
ef8fdf lbPsf] ef8fdf glbPsf] pNn]v gePsf] hDdf
1 55 341 0 396
2 200 784 0 984
3 656 692 3 1351
4 338 462 2 802
5 95 273 0 368
6 270 616 9 895
7 500 1020 3 1523
8 709 621 7 1337
9 455 379 3 837
10 343 365 0 708
11 2192 4883 17 7092
12 397 2017 11 2425
13 500 2203 19 2722
14 68 909 2 979
15 144 784 0 928
16 29 614 0 643
17 55 1287 5 1347
18 36 511 4 551
19 82 857 10 949
hDdf 7124 19619 94 26837
k|ltzt 26.55 73.10 0.35 100.00
;|f]t M 3/w'/L tYofÍ ;+sng, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 211

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf cfkm\g} 3/ ePsf !(,^!( cyf{t &#=!) k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/x¿n] sf]7f ef8fdf
nufPsf 5}gg\ eg] dfq &,!@$ cyf{t @^=%% k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/x¿n] sf]7f ef8fdf nufPsf]
kfOG5 . To;}u/L ($ 3/kl/jf/ cyf{t )=#% k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v gePsf] b]lvG5 .
j8fut lj:t[t ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . Jofks ¿kdf cfly{s, z}lIfs / cGo
s[ofsnfkx¿ x'g] zx/L If]qx¿sf] ljsf; gePsf]n] cToGt ;Lldt ;+Vofdf dfq sf]7fx¿ ef8fdf
nufPsf] b]lvG5 .

sf]7f jf km\Nof6 ef8fdf lbPsf 3/w'/Lx¿

5000
4500
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3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
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0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

ef8fdf nufPsf] ef8fdf gnufPsf] pNn]v gePsf]

&=^=& ;fd'bflos ejgx¿ tyf ;efxn;DaGwL ljj/0f

;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL cGtu{t lgdf{0f ePsf :yfgLo txdf cfjZos ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿ lgdf{0f u/L
:yfgLo ;/sf/sf] sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng x'g'kg]{ dfGotf cg'¿k ufpFkflnsf÷gu/kflnsfsf] cfˆg}
;fd'bflos ejg tyf ;efxn x'g' cfjZos 5 . pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] cfkm\gf] ax'p2]ZoLo ;fd'bflos
ejg lgdf{0f u/L To; ejgd} ;efxn nufotsf cGo xnx¿ lgdf{0f ug'{ pko'Qm b]lvG5 . o;f]
ubf{ ljleGg j8fx¿df cfjZostf / Ifdtf cg';f/ o:tf ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f x'g'kb{5 .
tflnsf g+= 41 M ;fd'bflos ejgx¿sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= ;fd'bflos ejgsf] gfd 7]ufgf k|sf/ cj:yf
!= a'6jn df=lj= j8f g+= !, hnljgfos l7s}
@ ;/:jtL cfwf/e"t ljBfno j8f g++ !, e}/jgf/fo0f
# dxflj/ k':tsfno j8f g++ !
$ k/f]ksf/ j8f g++ !
% dl0fd's'Gb dl0fd's'Gb 6f]n–@ kSsL l7s}
^ k'ik g/l;+x 6f]n k'ik g/l;+x 6f]n–@ kSsL /fd|f]
& j8f sfof{no ejg tNnf] km'naf/L–@ kSsL /fd|f]
* tNnf] km'naf/L !,@ 6f]n, dgsfdgf tNnf] km'naf/L–@ kSsL /fd|f]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 212

qm=;+= ;fd'bflos ejgsf] gfd 7]ufgf k|sf/ cj:yf
( dgsfdgf $ g+= 6f]n dgsfdgf 6f]n–@ kSsL l7s}
!) dgsfdgf ! g+= 6f]n dgsfdgf 6f]n–@ kSsL /fd|f]
!! Onfsf k|x/L±6«flkms k|x/L j8f g+=# kSsL /fd|f]
!@ vfg]kfgL ;+:yf j8f g++ # kSsL /fd|f]
!# ax'd'vL SofDk; ejg j8f g++ # kSsL /fd|f]
!$ s[i0f k|0ffdL ejg j8f g++ # kSsL /fd|f]
!% cfbz{gu/ ;fd'bflos ejg cfbz{gu/–$ kSsL l7s}
!^ ysfnL ;]jf ;ldlt cfbz{gu/–$ kSsL /fd|f]
!& h]lz; ejg h]lz; rf]s–$ kSsL /fd|f]
!* ljZj lxGb" dxf;+3 sfGtLky–$ kSsL /fd|f]
!( nIdL gu/ ljsf; s]Gb| ejg j8f g+=$ kSsL /fd|f]
@) u'¿ª ;dfh 3/ cfbz{gu/–$ kSsL /fd|f]
@! cfbz{ dlxnf wfld{s ;d"x ejg nIdLgu/–$ kSsL /fd|f]
@@ k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof{no b/jf/nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
@# d'Vo dGqL tyf dGqL kl/ifb\sf] sfof{no b/jf/nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
@$ cfGtl/s dfldnf tyf sfg"g dGqfno b/jf/nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
@% k|b]z sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGq0f sfof{no sfGtLky–$ kSsL /fd|f]
@^ t'N;Lk'/–a'6jn pRr cbfnt Ohnf; a'6jn b/jf/nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
@& u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n sfof{no b/jf/nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
@* d'Vo GofolwjStfsf] sfof{no b/jf/nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
@( g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f cf]dzfGtLky–$ kSsL /fd|f]
#) g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L cf]dzfGtLky–$ kSsL /fd|f]
#! g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 ¿kGb]xL cf]dzfGtLky–$ kSsL /fd|f]
#@ g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;O;g b/jf/nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
## /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt sfGtLky zfvf af6f]–$ kSsL /fd|f]
#$ a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsf xf6ahf/ nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
#% g]kfn b"/;+rf/ ;+:yf xf6ahf/ nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
#^ dlxnf lzNksnf xf6ahf/ nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
#& 6S;f/ sDk]NS; cd/ky–$ kSsL /fd|f]
#* cfly{s dfldnf tyf of]hgf dGqfno b/jf/nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
#( nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfof{no a'6jn b/jf/nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
$) zx/L :jf:Yo s]Gb| a'6jn nIdLgu/–$ kSsL /fd|f]
$! Onfsf x'nfs sfof{no b/jf/nfOg–$ kSsL /fd|f]
$@ kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ejg j8f g++= % kSsL l7s}
$# enfOsf]ifsf] ejg j8f g++ % kSsL l7s}
$$ afn dlGb/ j8f g++ % kSsL hL0f{

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 213

qm=;+= ;fd'bflos ejgsf] gfd 7]ufgf k|sf/ cj:yf
$% v]ns'b ejg j8f g++ % kSsL hL0f{
$^ hgtfsf t6jGwsf] ejg j8f g++ % kSsL /fd|f]
$& /]8qm; ejg j8f g++ % kSsL /fd|f]
$* s[lif pkh yf]s ahf/ j8f g++ ^ kSsL /fd|f]
$( oftfoft Joj:yf sfof{no lxnkfs{–& kSsL /fd|f]
%) gfkL sfof{no j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
%! sd{rf/L ;+rosf]if j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
%@ dfnkf]t sfof{no j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
%# /fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3 j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
%$ g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
%% nf]s;]jf cfof]u j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
%^ /fli6«o k/LIff jf]8{ j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
%& ;8s ljefu j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
%* clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfof{no j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
%( cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
^) jg tyf pBf]u dGqfno j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
^! ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfno j8f g+= * kSsL /fd|f]
^@ kz'ktL ;fd'bflos ejg kz'ktL6f]n– ( kSsL lgdf{0fflwg
^# k|f}9 ;dfh lztns'~h–( kSsL /fd|f]
^$ xf]6n Jofj;foL ;+3 ldnLh'nL 6f]n–( kSsL /fd|f]
^% ;fdflhs ljsf; dGqfno a'46f]n–( kSsL /fd|f]
^^ j8f sfof{no ldnLh'nL 6f]n–( kSsL /fd|f]
^& sflnsf dfgj1fg df=lj= sflnsfgu/–!) kSsL /fd|f]
^* j8f sfof{no ejg sflnsfgu/–!) kSsL /fd|f]
^( k|x/L tflnd s]Gb| ejgsf] kl/;/ j8f g+= !) kSsL /fd|f]
&) ;[hgf gu/ ;efxn ;[hgfgu/–!! kSsL l7s}
&! zx/L :jf:Yo s]Gb| a'4gu/–!! kSsL /fd|f]
&@ k|fb]lzs cfo'j{]b c:ktfn a'4gu/–!! kSsL /fd|f]
&# c:yfoL k|/L lj6 a'4gu/–!! sRrL 7Ls}
&$ a'4 ;xgldn ejg a'4gu/–!! kSsL l7s}
&% dbg e08f/L ;lxb :d[lt ejg b]ljgu/–!! kSsL l7s}
&^ zlxb :d[lt k|lti7fg dfemufpF–!! kSsL l7s}
&& j8f sfof{no j8f g+= !! kSsL l7s}
&* rf/kfnf e"=k'= ;}lgs xn tfdgu/–!@ kSsL /fd|f]
&( j8f sfof{no j]naf;–!# kSsL /fd|f]
*) cgfyfno÷afncf>d lhtul9–!# kSsL /fd|f]

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 214

qm=;+= ;fd'bflos ejgsf] gfd 7]ufgf k|sf/ cj:yf
*! hjO{ 6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfsf] ejg hjO{ 6f]n–!# kSsL /fd|f]
*@ ldng6f]n ljsf; ;+:yfsf] ejg ldng 6f]n–!# kSsL /fd|f]
*# v8'jf tkfxf j8f g+=–!$ kSsL /fd|f]
*$ dfpG6]g 6«; j8f g+=–!$ kSsL /fd|f]
*% l8pxf/ afaf ejg j8f g+=–!$ kSsL /fd|f]
*^ Nsj ejg j8f g+=–!$ cw{kSsL l7s}
*& ;fd'bflos ejg lk7Lof ahf/ 6f]n–!% kSsL /fd|f]
** gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb| a'6jn–!^ kSsL /fd|f]
*( ;]d6f/ jfrgfno a'6jn–!^ kSsL /fd|f]
() j8f sfof{no a'6jn–!& kSsL /fd|f]
(! e'=k'= ;}lgs hgsNof0f ;+u7g a'6jn–!& kSsL /fd|f]
(@ xl/x/k'/ 6f]n ;+:yfsf] ejg a'6jn–!& kSsL /fd|f]
(# s'nfkfgL ejg a'6jn–!& kSsL /fd|f]
($ hgcfdf ejg a'6jn–!& kSsL /fd|f]
(% dft]Zj/L dlxnf ejg a'6jn–!& kSsL /fd|f]
(^ wGbfk'/ ;fd'bflos ejg wGbfk'/–!* kSsL /fd|f]
(& ;f}/xf ;fd'bflos ejg ;f}/xf–!* kSsL /fd|f]
(* pQ/kf]v/faf/L ;fd'bflos ejg pQ/ kf]v/faf/L–!* kSsL /fd|f]
(( b'af}n ;fd'bflos ejg b'jf}nL–!* kSsL hL0f{
!)) kTy/u+h ;fd'bflos ejg kTy/u+h–!( kSsL /fd|f]
!)! e'Qm]Zj/ ;fd'bflos ejg e'8\s}of–!( kSsL /fd|f]
!)@ /flgaf/L ;fd'bflos ejg /flgaf/L–!( kSsL /fd|f]
!)# k|ultgu/ ;fd'bflos ejg k|ult6f]n–!( kSsL /fd|f]
!)$ dgf]x/fk'/ ;fd'bflos ejg dgf]x/k'/–!( kSsL /fd|f]
;|f]t M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

&=^=* pkdxfgu/kflnsf tyf cGo ;/sf/L ejgx¿sf] ljj/0f

:yfgLo txn] kflnsf sfof{no ejg, j8f sfof{no ejgx¿ tyf cTofjZos cGo ;/sf/L ejgx¿
cfˆg} hUufdf cyjf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt hUufdf lgdf{0f u/L sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ r':t, b'¿:t /
k|efjsf/L agfO{ hgtfnfO{ ;/sf/sf] pkl:yltsf] cfef; lbnfpg' cfjZos x'G5 . o:tf k|sf/sf
:yfoL ;+/rgfx¿sf] lgdf{0f ePkl5 ;+3Lotfn] ;+:yfut ¿k wf/0f ub}{ hfG5 .

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 215

&=^=( kf6L, kf}jf, wd{zfnf rf}tf/f tyf lj>fd:ynx¿sf] ljj/0f
kf6L, kf}jf, wd{zfnf rf}tf/f tyf lj>fd:ynx¿ xfd|f ;fF:s[lts lrgf/L x'g\ . oL k/Dk/fut
;+/rgfn] xfd|f] k'Vof}{nLnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\ . To;}n] oL ;+/rgfx¿sf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / :t/f]GgtL
u/L efjL k':tfnfO{ ;d]t xfd|f] k/Dk/f / ;+:s[lt;Fu kl/lrt u/fpg' kb{5 . o;f] u/]sf] v08df
xfd|f] k/Dk/fut df}lns klxrfg aRb5 . ljsf;sf cfw'lgs ;+/rgf agfpg] qmddf xfdLn] df}lns
;f:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0fdf ljz]if Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 .
s;}sf] xs jf :jfldTjdf gePsf] k/fk"j{b]lv ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf k|of]u x'Fb} cfPsf] af6f], j:t'efp
lgsfNg] lgsf;, j:t'efp r/fpg]rf}/, s'nf], gx/, kf]v/L, kf6L, kf}jf, cGTo]li6 :yn, wfld{s :yn jf
cGo s'g} ;fj{hlgs k|of]usf] :yn jf ;DklQ g} ;fj{hlgs ;DklQx¿ x'g .ljutdf ;8s
oftfoftsf] lj:tf/ / ljsf; gx'Fbf oL kf6L, kf}jf tyf rf}tf/fx¿ a6'jfx¿sf lj>fd:yn (Refresh
Center)jf ysfg d]6fpg] dxTjk"0f{ :ynsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ePsf] / xfn oL :ynx¿ ;fj{hlgs
ax; / ;fd'bflos cGt/s[of x'g] cgf}krfl/s :ynsf] ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ eg] ;8s ;~rfnsf]
;d'lrt ljsf; gePsf] :yfgx¿df oL lj>fd :yns} ¿kdf k|of]u x'Fb} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf
If]qx¿sf] ljsf; / ;+/If0f ug]{ bflxTj xfdL ;a}sf] xf] .
tflnsf g+= 42 M ;fj{hlgs kf6Lkf}jf tyf rf}tf/fx¿sf] ljj/0f
j8f g+= ;fj{hlgs kf6Lkf}jf tyf rf}tf/fx¿
1 lgdrf]s rf}tf/f, gf/fo0f yfg kf6Lkf}jf, u0f]zyfg rf}tf/f–kf6L kf}jf, s[i0f]Zj/ dxfb]j dlGb/ kf}jf
2 rf}tf/L–led;]g ;dfh ;'wf/ 6f]n, rf}tf/L– dl0fd's'Gb 6f]n
3 Hof]ltgu/ rf}tf/f, ad3f6 rf}tf/f

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 216

 j8f g+= ;fj{hlgs kf6Lkf}jf tyf rf}tf/fx¿
5 gu/kflnsf cuf8Lsf] rf}tf/f, xf6ahf/ nfO{g, /fwfs[i0f 6f]n rf}tf/f, kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] pQ/tkm{sf]
rf}tf/f
6 lj=lk=rf]s rf}kf/L, cd/ky
7 lzjfno dlGb/sf] 5]pdf, uf]n rf}tf/L, l;4fy{ uf]n rf}tf/L
11 b]jf]gu/ rf}kf/L
12 rf}tf/f–gofufpF, rf}tf/f–9jfx
13 j]njf; rf}tf/f, rf}kf/L–e}/j6f]n
14 ljgfosk'/ rf}tf/L, kbdk'/ rf}tf/L, j]nel/of ufpF
15 ph]nfk'/ rf}kf/L, juLof rf}kf/L
16 ;]dnf/ jfrgfno, gful/s ;r]tgf s]Gb|
17 b'uf{6f]n rf}tf/f
18 ;d}of dfO dlGb/
19 rf}tf/f]–tkfxrf]s, rf}tf/f]– jdef]nf b'uf{dlGb/
;|f]t M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^
&=^=!) kz'awzfnfx¿sf] ljj/0f
:yfgLo ;/sf/n] hg:jf:YonfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf /fv]/ sfd u/]sf] v08df :j:Yo, lg/f]uL /
;/sf/fTds ;f]r ePsf gful/sx¿sf] pTkfbg eO{ pgLx¿n] ljsf;, lgdf{0f / ;]jfsf If]qdf
of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;S5g\ . To;sf/0f cfw'lgs k|ljlwo'Qm ;kmf kz' awzfnsf] lgdf{0f u/L hgtfsf]
vfB ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ub}{ :yfgLo ;/sf/n] df;'hGo kz'kG5Lsf] jw ug'{ eGbf klxn]
lglZrt dfkb08 k'/f ug'{kg]{ gLlt lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{ af~5gLo b]lvG5 .
&=^=!! zjbfx:yn, lrxfg:ynx¿ tyf sa|:yfgx¿sf] ljj/0f
g]kfndf cfˆgf] wfld{s k/Dk/f cg';f/ d[To' ;+:sf/ ug]{ rng k/fk"j{ sfnb]lv g} rlncfPsf] 5 .
x/]sf :yfgLo txdf tyf x/]s ;d'bfosf] cf–cfˆgf] wd{ / ;+:s[lt cg';f/ zjbfx:yn / lrxfg
Joj:yfkg Ps dxTjk"0f{ / ;+j]bgzLn ljifo / cfjZostf xf] . efjgfTds cy{;d]t af]s]sf] of]
ljifonfO{ s'g} klg of]hgfn] ;dod} ;Daf]wg ug'{kb{5 . cGoyf cJojl:yt bfx;+:sf/ ul/g'n]
pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] kof{j/0fLo, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts Joj:yfdf r'gf}tL ylkG5 . k/Dk/fut
¿kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf zjbfx:yn / lrxfgnfO{ eljiodf ;xh / Jojl:yt agfpg' kb{5 .
pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf /x]sf zjbfx:yn tyf lrxfgx¿sf] ljj/0f tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= 43 M zjbfx:yn, lrxfg:ynx¿ tyf sa|:yfgx¿sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= zjbfx:yn, lrxfg:ynx¿ tyf sa|:yfgx¿sf] gfd 7]ufgf hfthflt÷;d'bfo
1 sj{:yfg k'ikg/l;+x 6f]n–@ d'l:nd
2 /fd3f6 d}gfju/–@ lxGb"
3 u'¿Ë 8fF8f j8f g+= & u'¿Ë
4 kmfol/Ë /]Gr glhs} j8f g+= & lqmlZrog

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 217

qm=;+= zjbfx:yn, lrxfg:ynx¿ tyf sa|:yfgx¿sf] gfd 7]ufgf hfthflt÷;d'bfo
5 s;f{3f6–!@ j8f g+= !@ ;d'bfo
6 td'Xo]n' 5f]qf]lw u'Daf j8f g+= !# u'¿Ë
7 s/];f3f6 zjbfx:yn j8f g+= !$ ;d'bfo
8 zlQm3f6 j8f g+= !^ ;a}
9 xl/x/k'/ zjbfx If]q j8f g+= !& ;a}
10 ltgfp glb lsgf/ j8f g+= !* yf¿, If]qL, a|fXd0f
;|f]t M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 218

 cg';"rLx¿
cg';"rL !Ma'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx¿sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= gfd y/ kb kmf]g gDa/ j8f g+=
1 lzj/fh ;'j]bL k|d'v 9857059439

2 u'dfb]jL cfrfo{ pk–k|d'v 9857038583

3 /fd k|;fb /]UdL k|jQmf 9857036557 16

4 dx]Gb| k|;fb lnun j8fWoIf 9857026120 1

5 /d]z k|;fb g]kfn j8fWoIf 9857039495 2

6 nfn k|;fb a:ofn j8fWoIf 9857025129 3

7 6+s k|;fb k/fh'nL j8fWoIf 9857021222 4

8 t]h axfb'/ ;'gf/ j8fWoIf 9857027145 5

9 hubLz rGb| cfrfo{ j8fWoIf 9857031023 6

10 sdn k|tfk yfkf j8fWoIf 9847136914 7

11 eLdaxfb'/ >]i7 j8fWoIf 9857025683 8

12 lji0f' axfb'/ yfkf j8fWoIf 9857059141 9

13 kbd axfb'/ yfkf j8fWoIf 9857037374 10

14 /fdrGb| If]qL j8fWoIf 9857037440 11

15 b'uf{ k|;fb ;'j]bL j8fWoIf 9847024131 12

16 gf/fo0f k|;fb k'g j8fWoIf 9857026888 13

17 blw/fd Gof}kfg] j8fWoIf 9857033558 14

18 8Dd/ axfb'/ e08f/L j8fWoIf 9867230791 15

19 /fd k|;fb /]UdL j8fWoIf 9857036557 16

20 ;Gt axfb'/ /fgf j8fWoIf 9844707977 17

21 x'dgfy cfrfo{ j8fWoIf 9847033099 18

22 lxd axfb'/ vqL j8fWoIf 9807517156 19

23 /+lht z]/rg sfo{kflnsf ;b:o 9851104550

24 lbnk|;fb g]kfnL sfo{kflnsf ;b:o 9823602598

25 z'idf s'df/L cof{n sfo{kflnsf ;b:o 9847045298

26 lji0f' s'df/L zdf{ sfo{kflnsf ;b:o 9847066566

27 l;tf s'df/L yfkf sfo{kflnsf ;b:o 9857058112

28 dfofb]jL a/fn ljZjsdf{ sfo{kflnsf ;b:o 9816450551

29 ljdnf >]i7 sfo{kflnsf ;b:o 9847072870

;|f]t M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 219

cg';"rL @M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f
l;=g+= sd{rf/Lsf] gfd y/ kb zfvf ;Dks{ g+=
1 rs|kf0fL zdf{ k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[t 9857078111

2 ldqd0fL vgfn clws[t bzf}F lzIff tyf hg:jf:Yo dxfzfvf

3 t'n;f cof{n kf08] clws[t gjf}F ;fdflhs ljsf; dxfzfvf 9847450437

4 lji0f' k|;fb vgfn jl/i7 clws[t ljQ Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf 9857026407

5 e'jf k|;fb n'O+6]n jl/i7 clws[t cfly{s ljsf; dxfzfvf 9857021450

6 n]vgfy kf]v/]n ;"rgf clwsf/L cfly{s k|zf;g zfvf 9847044100

7 lzj gf/fo0f zfx jl/i7 clws[t ;fdfGo k|zf;g dxfzfvf 9857026404

8 ;'dg >]i7 jl/i7 OlGhlgo/ zx/L k"jf{wf/ ljsf; dxfzfvf 9857039247

9 uf}td /f}lgof/ jl/i7 OlGhlgo/ 9857021965

10 xl/ k|;fb cfrfo{ jl/i7 clws[t of]hgf k|zf;g zfvf 9847025902

pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf ko{6g 9857029066
ljhob]j e't{]n jl/i7 clws[t
11 k|j4{g zfvf
;fdflhs kl/rfng tyf 9847033452
/fd k|;fb cof{n jl/i7 clws[t
12 u}=;=;= ;dGjo zfvf
dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf; tyf j8f 9847033300
8f]n /fh kf}8]n jl/i7 clws[t
13 ;dGjo zfvf
14 ;/:jtL e't{]n n]vf clws[t cfly{s k|zf;g zfvf 9869408615

15 sf]lknf 1jfnL clws[t ;ftf}F lzIff zfvf 9847059048

16 k|ltef kGyL clws[t cf7f}F dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf zfvf 9847078027

17 bfdf]b/ 1jfnL jl/i7 clws[t /fhZj k|zf;g zfvf 9847025916

cGt/ ;/sf/ tyf j}b]lzs 9847037163
lbn axfb'/ >]i7 zfvf clws[t
18 ;dGjo zfvf
19 ;flkm/ cxdb OlGhlgo/ 9847026786

20 ¿Sdfut a:ofn OlGhlgo/ 9857026243

21 l;t' k|;fb >]i7 n]vf clws[t cfly{s k|zf;g zfvf 9847025999

22 z+s/ 9sfn n]vf clws[t cfGtl/s n]vf k/LIf0f zfvf 9857030333

23 l6sf s'df/L e08f/L zfvf clws[t 9847026121

;"rgf k|ljlw tyf clen]v 9857033302
ljj]s e';fn cfO{=l;=l6= OlGhlgo/
24 Joj:yfkg zfvf
25 dfwj k|;fb a;]n gf=;'= of]hgf k|zf;g zfvf 9857034253

26 ;'/]zrGb| uf}td gf=;'= ;/;kmfO{ zfvf 9847058077

dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf; tyf j8f 9847025751
u+ufw/ ;ksf]6f gf=;'=
27 ;dGjo zfvf
28 uf]s'n k|;fb 1jfnL gf=;'= 9847034273

29 k'gd s'Fj/ gf=;'= gS;f kf; zfvf 9847126604

30 s]zj 1jfnL gf=;'= lhG;L zfvf 9847026806

31 /f]dsfGt cfrfo{ gf=;'= 9847026508

32 sNkgf yfkf gf=;'= dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf zfvf 9847037464

pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf ko{6g 071-562294
nIdL s'df/L cof{n gf=;'=
33 k|j4{g zfvf

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 220

l;=g+= sd{rf/Lsf] gfd y/ kb zfvf ;Dks{ g+=
jg, jftfj/0f tyf ljkb\ 9847072665
emljGb| yfkf gf=;'=
34 Joj:yfkg zfvf
;xsf/L tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g 9847026112
7uLZj/ kf]v/]n gf=;'=
35 zfvf
36 ;xgzLnf sIfklt >]i7 s=c= lzIff tyf hg:jf:Yo dxfzfvf 9867783045

37 /flwsf >]i7 gf=;'= 9847031300

38 lji0f' k|;fb >]i7 gf=;'=

39 ck"j{ s'df/ >]i7 h'lgo/ OlGhlgo/ ;/;kmfO{ zfvf 9857021013

40 1fg k|;fb cof{n h'lgo/ OlGhlgo/ ;/;kmfO{ zfvf 9857025107

41 lbg]z sfhL ah|frfo{ h'lgo/ OlGhlgo/ ;/;kmfO{ zfvf 016633852

42 ;f]dgfy clwsf/L h'lgo/ OlGhlgo/ 9857034444

43 uf]ljGb k+u]gL h'lgo/ OlGhlgo/ 9847050756

44 o1 k|;fb a]naf;] ;a–cf]e/l;o/ 9857026322

45 1fg k|;fb dx/ ;a–cf]e/l;o/ 9857020202

jg, jftfj/0f tyf ljkb\ 9805468400
odsnf cb} ;a–cf]e/l;o/
46 Joj:yfkg zfvf
jg, jftfj/0f tyf ljkb\ 9845446410
/fd s'df/ >]i7 ;a–cf]e/l;o/
47 Joj:yfkg zfvf
48 /]zdL/fh l3ld/] ;xfos sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ cfly{s k|zf;g zfvf 9847053905

49 k'ik/fh 1jfnL gf=;'= /fhZj k|zf;g zfvf 9847033308

50 piff 9'+ufgf vl/bf/ s[lif ljsf; zfvf 071544793

51 nId0f e§/fO{ n]vf clws[t cfly{s k|zf;g zfvf 9854063203

52 nIdL 9sfn clws[t cf7f}F ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/L zfvf 9847061019

;xsf/L tyf /f]huf/ k|j4{g 9847048348
u'0ffs/ vgfn clws[t 5}7f}F
53 zfvf
54 ;Gtf]if lh=;L= clws[t 5}7f}F s[lif ljsf; zfvf 9857065955

55 6f]knfn zdf{ clws[t ;ftf}F cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg zfvf 9847021474

56 l6sf/fd kGyL clws[t cf7f}F lzIff zfvf 9847867503

57 emljGb| aGhf8] clws[t cf7f} kz'k+IfL ljsf; zfvf 9847033013

58 sdnf r'bfnL clws[t ;ftf}F lzIff zfvf 9847255590

;|f]t M gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no, @)&^

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 221

cg';"rL #M a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] tYofÍ ;+snsx¿sf] gfdfjnL
qm=;+= k|of]ustf{sf] gfd j8f
1 ¿kf anfdL -lnun_ 1
2 ;u'g j¿0f 1
3 cf/tL yfkf 2
4 z'l;nf yfkf 2
5 l;tf lu/L 2
6 lgzf >]i7 3
7 OZj/L vqL 3
8 ;ldt If]qL 3
9 j;'Gw/f ltjf/L 3
10 odsnf kf08] 3
11 ¿›dl0f kf]v/]n 3
12 o'j/fh kGyL 3
13 clgiff ltldlN;gf 3
14 lagf lji6 3
15 k|zfGt sfsL{ 4
16 pQd g]kfn 4
17 uf]df l;+hfnL 4
18 gf/fo0f h};L u}/] 4
19 lxdfgL 1jfnL 4
20 ;'ldt vgfn 5
21 jGbgf vgfn 5
22 /rgf u}/] 5
23 lgd{nf ;'gf/ 6
24 lbkf >]i7 6
25 /f]lhgf vf0f 6
26 ;'dg yfkf 6
27 k|z+;f l3ld/] 6
28 uf}/j cfrfo{ 7
29 lbj; >]i7 7
30 ;'/Iff lj=s= 7
31 k|zfGt /+lGhtsf/ 7
32 nIdL b]jL cof{n Gof}kfg] 7
33 ;+emgf jf]x/f 7
34 k|ltdf lj=s= 7
35 ;ljgf >]i7 8
36 ljgf a/fn 8
37 ;/:jtL 1jfnL 8
38 /d]z u'¿Ë 8

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 222

qm=;+= k|of]ustf{sf] gfd j8f
39 odg rf}tf/] 8
40 gljg ;]g 8
41 laho a'9fyf]sL 9
42 lah]tf ef/L 9
43 lgzf /fodfemL 9
44 s';'d g]kfn 9
45 ;ljgf e';fn 9
46 k'hf u}/] 9
47 tf/f b]jsf]6f 10
48 u+uf uf}td 10
49 hd'gf Gof}kfg] 10
50 kf;gf kf}8]n 10
51 s[lt b]jsf]6f 10
52 l;;n yfkf 10
53 zflGt a:ofn 10
54 ;GWof v8\sf 10
55 ¿›dl0f kf]v/]n 11
56 k|sfz kGyL 11
57 ef]h/fh kGyL 11
58 lgd{nf yfkf 11
59 nfn axfb'/ a'9fyf]sL du/ 11
60 ljBf kf08] 11
61 z/b kf08] 11
62 d~h' gxjfu kf08] 11
63 ln;f s'df/L a'9f 11
64 ;fu/ sfˆn] 11
65 k|z'g >]i7 11
66 ;jgd Gof}kfg] 11
67 ;l/tf e§/fO{ 11
68 /~h' kGyL 11
69 ;l/tf If]qL 11
70 /flwsf 1jfnL 11
71 a;'Gw/f zdf{ 11
72 ;'zfGt l3ld/] 11
73 cg'hf nfld5fg] 11
74 ;/:jtL sfsL{ 11
75 u0f]z k|;fb kf]v|]n 11
76 b]j]G›/fh zdf{ 11
77 lji0f' axfb'/ v8\sf If]qL 12
78 l;tf s8]n 12

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 223

qm=;+= k|of]ustf{sf] gfd j8f
79 afbn /gkfn 12
80 ;l/tf lu/L 12
81 sdnf 1jfnL 12
82 t'N;L/fd d/fl;gL 12
83 k|j]z s] ;L 12
84 zflGt cof{n g]kfn 12
85 x]df l3ld/] 13
86 /d]z cfrfo{ 13
87 k'ikf e';fn 13
88 /rgf yfkf 13
89 ls/0f aGhf8] 13
90 lgzf kf08] 13
91 ;jL l3ld/] 13
92 k'ikf rf}w/L 13
93 /flwsf ;'j]bL 13
94 lxdfnL /f:sf]6L 13
95 ;Gtf]if sfˆn] 14
96 lxdfn k5fO{ 14
97 k|ltdf Gof}kfg] 14
98 rG›snf clwsf/L 14
99 OGb' cof{n 14
100 n]vgfy kf}8\ofn 15
101 >[hgf ;'j]bL 15
102 cd/ s'df/L ;'j]bL 15
103 ;/:jtL d/fl;gL 15
104 l8n s'df/L ;fksf]6f 16
105 clgtf rfkfufO{ 16
106 ;ldIff Gof}kfg] 17
107 tf/f sfnf 17
108 dg;/f /fgf 17
109 s]z/L yfkf 17
110 sdnf e';fn Gof}kfg] 17
111 z'l;nf k'g 17
112 pdf yf¿ 18
113 nIdL vgfn cfrfo{ 18
114 lgZrn vfF0f 19
115 ;~h' rfkfufO{ 19
116 b]j]G›/fh zdf{ 19

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 224

cg";"rL $M a'6n pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no tyf j8f sfof{nox¿

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 225

a'6jn pkxfgu/kflnsfsf] kfZj{lrq | 226