Speed-time Graphs

1. Figure 1 shows the graphs of Peter and Susan walking on the same straight road between city A and city
B during the period 5:10 to 11:50 on a certain morning. Susan travels at a constant speed during that
period. It is given that city A and city B are 20 km apart.

Figure 1

(a) Find the duration of Peter s resting time. (1 mark)

(b) Find the distance between city A and the point where Peter and Susan meet. (2 marks)
(c) Peter claims that his average speed is greater than that of Susan during the period 5:10 to
11:50 on that morning. Do you agree? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

(a) required time = 140 mins 1A

12km
(b)
400min
0.03 km/min
required distance 20 (0.03)(245) 1M
12.65 km 1A

18km
400min
0.045 km/min 1M
> 0.03 km/min
Yes, the claim is correct. 1A
Transformations
1. The graph of y 2 x 2 11x 12 is translated leftwards by 3 units to obtain the graph of y = g (x).
(a) Find the algebraic representation of g (x).
(2 marks)
(b) Find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = g (x). (3 marks)

(a) The graph of y = g (x) is obtained by translating the graph of y 2 x 2 11x 12 leftwards by 3 units.

g ( x) 2( x 3) 2 11( x 3) 12
17. (a) 2( x 2 6 x 9) 11( x 3) 12
2
2x x 3

(b) y 2x2 x 3
1
2 x2 x 3
2
2 2
1 1 1
2 x2 x 3
2 4 4
2
1 25
2 x
4 8

1 25
The coordinates of the vertex of the graph of y = g (x) are1 , .3. (a)
4 8
2. Let f(x) = ax2 + x + b, where a and b are real numbers. It is given that the roots of f(x) = 0 are
1 3 1 3
i and i.
2 2 2 2
(a) Find a and b. (3 marks)
(b) The graph of y = g(x) is obtained by translating the graph of y = f(x) leftwards by 2 units and
upwards by 2 units. Edmond claims that the vertex of the graph of y = g(x) lies in quadrant I of
the rectangular coordinate plane. Do you agree? Explain your answer. (4 marks)

(a) Consider the sum of roots of equation f(x) = 0.

1 3 1 3 1
i i
2 2 2 2 a
1
1
a
a 1
Consider the product of roots of equation f(x) = 0.
1 3 1 3 b
i i
2 2 2 2 a
2 2
1 3 b
i
2 2 1
1 3
b
4 4
b 1

(b) g ( x) f ( x 2) 2
( x 2) 2 ( x 2) 1 2
2
x 3x 1
2 2
3 3
x 2 3x 1
2 2
2
3 5
x
2 4

3 5
The coordinates of the vertex are , .
2 4
The vertex of the graph of y = g(x) lies in
quadrant II.
The claim is disagreed.
Coordinate Geometry (St. lines, Parabolas, Circles, Locus, Centres of Triangles)

1. The coordinates of the centre of the circle C are (2, 1) . It is given that the y-axis is a tangent to C.
(a) Find the equation of C. (2 marks)
(b) If the straight line x y k and the circle C intersects at A and B, express the coordinates of the
mid-point of AB in terms of k. (4 marks)

(a) Note that the radius of C is 2.

Thus, the equation of C is ( x 2)2 ( y 1)2 22 (or x2 y2 4x 2y 1 0)

(b) Putting y x k in x2 y2 4x 2y 1 0,
we have x2 ( x k )2 4x 2( x k ) 1 0
So, we have 2 x2 ( 2k 2) x (k 2 2k 1) 0.
The x-coordinate of the mid-point of AB

2k 2
2
2

k 1
2

The y-coordinate of the mid-point of AB

k 1
k
2

1 k
2

k 1 1 k
Thus, the required coordinates are ,
2 2
2. The coordinates of points X and Y are (-2, 16) and (12, 2) respectively. P is moving point in the rectangular
coordinate plane such that PX = PY. Denote the locus of P by .
(a) (i) Find the equation of . (2 marks)
(ii) Describe the geometric relationship between and the line segment XY. (1 mark)
(iii) Suppose that G is a point lying on . Denote the x-coordinate of G by h. Let C be the circle
which is centred at G and passes through X and Y. Prove that the equation of C is
x2 y 2 2hx 2(h 4) y 28h 132 0 . (3 marks)
(b) Using (a)(iii), or otherwise, find the equation(s) of the circle(s) in (a)(iii) with x-axis as a tangent.
(3 marks)

(a) (i) Let P be ( x, y)

(x 2) 2 ( y 16) 2 ( x 12) 2 (y 2) 2

x2 4 x 4 y 2 32 y 256 x2 24x 144 y2 4y 4

x y 4 0
The equation of is:
x y 4 0

(ii) is the perpendicular bisector of XY.

(iii) Let k be the y-coordinates of G.

By (a)(i), we have h k 4 0
So, we have k h 4 .
The equation of C is
( x h)2 ( y k )2 (h 2)2 (h 4 16)2
x2 2hx h2 y 2 2(h 4) y (h 4)2 h2 4h 4 (h 4)2 2(h 4)(16) 162
x2 y 2 2hx 2(h 4) y 28h 132 0

(b) centre (h, h 4) and radius h2 (h 4) 2 28h 132

Given h2 (h 4) 2 28h 132 h 4

h2 (h 4)2 28h 132 (h 4)2

h2 28h 132 0
h 22 or 6
The equations are: x2 y 2 44x 52 y 484 0 or
x2 y 2 12x 20 y 36 0
3. A(5 , 1) and B( 3 , 5) are two points in a rectangular coordinate plane. A point P(x , y) moves in the
same coordinate plane such that PA and PB are perpendicular to each other. Denote the locus of P by .
(a) (i) Find the equation of .
(ii) Describe the locus of P. (3 marks)
(b) The equation of a circle C is (x 9)2 + (y 8)2 = 16. Marco claims that there is no intersection
between C and . Do you agree? Explain your answer. (3 marks)
(c) It is given that the coordinates of Q and R are (1, 2) and (9, 8). Let D be a point on such that D is
nearest to R and E be a point on C such that E is nearest to Q. Find the ratio of the area of QDO
to the area of REO , where O is the origin. (2 marks)

y 1 y 5
(a) (i) 1
x 5 x 3
y2 4 y 5 ( x2 2x 15)
x2 y 2 2x 4 y 20 0
Therefore, the equation of is:
x2 y 2 2x 4 y 20 0

(ii) The locus of P is a circle.

(b) Let r1 be the radius of and r2 be the radius of C.

r1 12 22 ( 20) 5

r2 4
Distance between two centres

(9 1) 2 (8 2) 2

10
r1 r2
Thus, the claim is agreed.

(c) The required ratio

QD : RE
5: 4
 1 2
4. Let f ( x) x 2x 7 . Let P be the vertex of the graph y f ( x) .
4
(a) Using the method of completing square, find the coordinates of P. (2 marks)
(b) It is known that Q is a point vertically below P such that the orthocentre of OPQ is H(1, 0),
where O is the origin. Find the coordinates of Q. (3 marks)
(c) Someone claims that the circumcentre of OPQ lies on the x-axis. Is the claim correct? Explain
your answer. (3 marks)

1 2
(a) f ( x) x 2x 7
4

1 2
(x 8 x) 7
4

1 2 1
(x 8 x 16) 7 (16)
4 4

1
(x 4)2 3
4
P = (4,3) .

(b) Let Q (4, q)

PO HQ

3 0 q 0
1
4 0 4 1

q 4
Q (4, 4)

(c) Note that PQ is a vertical line.

So, the perpendicular bisector of PQ is a horizontal line.

The y-coordinate of the circumcentre of OPQ

3 ( 4)
2

1
2