Functions 27 01 25

-
-

A function relation
every input
has
output.
only
is a where one

- y y

Any equation Domain

Range Image
(k)
y
or f(n) or
g(r)
Not relation function Relations
every
is a
Functions
but function is relation
every
a

A function can be of two

types
One-one function : One
input gives only one output (Linear exponential
.
,

2
Many
-
one
function Multiple (Many) inputs
: that
give
the same (one) output
(Quadratic ,
cubic ,
trigonometric)
Note :
One-many
is a relation
d
only not a
function (circle)
u
y 25
+
=

gives multiple outputs

: One
= 25 x
input .
y
-

125 x
y
-
=
Examples
>
-
Plug in all real values of m

4 flu)-3m + 5 ER

I & 8

2 & II

3 & 14

One-one
function

a
f(u) = 2 ER
I & 2

2 &
Y

3 & 8

One-one
function

3
+(u u
=
-
6n +8 wER
250

>
-
Many one
functions
[
Many -

one function
& &
"
E+y"-25 one-many relation (not a function
V Y

4
&
>
-
Not a
function 3
&
-

:== 365
:

Sf(u) = Sinn

many-one function

Graphical tests

Note On :

only be applied used if graph is

given
Vertical line Test : To
distinguish a function from a non-function

many-one function
To
Horizontal line Test :

distinguish a one-one
function from a .

Pass Cuts at
:

only one
point
>
-
conditions .

Fail Cuts at than

: more one
point.
 Domain &
Range
f(u) =
5
,
x +3 f(u) =
u
,
30

n 3 -

Domain : All the values that can be

plugged into the function

Range All the

output values (All values
y
:

&I Find the

.

range of flu-su-1 for

the
following domains
Restricted domain
-
a .
VER b . 2k[3

&

f(u) EIR -

7 f(u) 8
or
>
-

f(u) = 3n -1

-
0=
f(y

f
02 Find
.
the
range of flu)-2" for the
following domains

9 VER b. 2 = n = 3

↓ (u)ERX

flul 2"
=f(n) 18
>
-
=

f(u) > 0
 range of flu)-cosk following domains .
93 .
Find the for the

a .
O=360 30 n= 188

Ya
& (0) =
CosD = 1 Cs(o) =
1

& (360) =
13368 =
1 (s(188 = -1

| xf(u) = 1
it in i
In f

1 = fu = 1 Note :
flu) for OUE180 is a

one-one function

I one-one function is either

always increasing or
decreasing but not both.

&
7

2
Many-one function will be both
(increasing & decreasing) under a
given
domain

z
a Find
. the value of fly = (n-2)" +3
for the
following domains.

a .
WEIR b .
-
2 = = 3 Co
35

*
f (2) 19 f(3] 4
= =
f() = 4

f(u) 3
, f(5) =
12

19
4 =
flu) 12
=

12

, *

Sz
-''

b .
4 f(19

3[f(u) = 19

Note : order find the

range of function
In to
end the domain
a one-one ,
we
simply plug
in the two points of & give answer in
range form .

In order to find the

range of function have to make
many-one
a we
,

max/min before stating

sketch to find the value the range
a
rough .
the n-coordinate of TP the domain the
long
As as is somewhere in blu ,

function will be a
many-one function .
 "How to turn a Quadratic function (Many-one) to a one one function ?

f(u),

CER
many
: -

one

h U > hu>h :
one-one
&

R
n=
h/n <h : one-one

Examples
1 -

5 &

W
 3 01-
-
25

Composite Functions Function made of function

>
: two or more

↑
f(u) = 2n + 14E
g(u) =
n- 1
,
UER

a
fgfg()
:
for
g
or
for h
Plug in function o in
function +
got

fg = 2(x2 ) -

+ 1 f(n) = 24 +1

Gn
fg 2+ 1 f (2) 2(2) +1
-

= =

f(3) 2(3)= + 1

2n
fg 1 & (500) 2(500) +
- =
1
=

+
g
=
2(g(y)) +1

function
b .

gf Plug : in functionf in
g

gf(x =
(an + 1)" -
1

c
#- If <
Plug
in function +int Note : I does not mean that

square
the function
you
ff =
2(2n +) +
+ 1

fi(x) =
(f(u)]a
H = 4n + 2 + 1

ff = 4n + 3 If
Plug inf in +

square f(u)
Examples
I

(i) =
s

10 =
2 -

(3x 1) +

- = XI
2 3n
- -

2 = 1

1-3m

2 =
1 -

34

3 =
-

n=
+

g(n) = 5)

Bu-52 + 2 = 51

En-5)2 =
49

34-5 = 7 or 34-5--7

4
x n
=-
= or
3

gf (18)
S
L

gthi) gf()
gf(u) 110
I
gf(8)
-

2
-

f(8) = 1 + 18 -

gf(8) =

110
-I

f(18) =
5

10
5
-

1
gf(8)]
gf(18) 1
g(5) 10 1
-

= =

g(5) = 1

&
4

fg(7) g(z) =
9 f(q) (9 )2
=
-

+ 3

fg (7) 67=
S

6 &

9
-
b . k() = n+ 2

n(k) = n + 2

hk kh

fg J
a M b
g C
gg
d If
+
=
. . .
 Past Paper Questions

&
i
fg(u) =
7

an-7

#Gus In7
2n 3
-

=
17
2n = m7 + 3

n = 17 + 3
2

2 47
.

Turning Point

i 214-2)2 -
5 ii (2 -5)
,

iii ff(o) f(0) = 3 f(z) 2(3)" 8(3)

=
-

+ 3

f(z) 3 =
-
 &

(i) + 2 = 38

1203
2 1
+

= 6 or 20 + 1 = 6
n+ 1 n+ 1

& 20
n+ 1
=
-
7

n+ 1 =
4 -
7n -
7 = 20

n 3 =
-
7x = 27

n =
-

27
7

n = 3
 03-02 -
25

>
Inverse of a
function

Example M f(u)
I & 2

If(u) = Su-1 , find f" (n) 2 & S

3 &
8
Step 1 :
Replace flu) with
y
Domain
Range
3n 1
y
-
=

the
Step 2 : Maken
subject

3n
y
= -
1

+ 1 3
y
=

3ns +1
y
y
u=

fi(n) f(u)
Step 3 Replace 2 with
by with N
: n

2 & I

f "(n) = n+ 1 5 & 2
3
8 & 3
Domain of f(u) becomes the
range of f"(n)
Range of f(u) becomes the domain of f"(h) Domain
Range
f(u) > f(n) +"(n) reflection of flu) the line
along
is
yth
a

(4 ,
y) ly u)
,

Inverse of function exist if its function

only
a will a one-one

f(u) 2f"(u)
One-one one-one

many-one one-many
 Y

·
#exist
f" (2)
>
-

f(m)
reflection of flu) the line
along
is
yth
a

f(u)
2 .
f(u) =
22 -
bu + s a .
Find f" (n) for the domaina

b .
Find f" (n) for the domain 3

x" - bu + 5
y
=

Note : In order to find the inverse of a Quadratic Function we need to first

it in
bring completed square form.

n bu + (3) 5 (3)
y
+
-
-

5-9

(x 3) 4
y
- -

-
x 3 1 + 4
y
-
=

x = +y 3
y
= +

f(u) = 3 + n+ 4
Note :

we
After
finding
either write
inverse of
+or-but
a
quartic function
not both .

decided at
by looking
+ or -
is the

domain of f(u)

f((y) f (u)
+

a .
=
3 +
n 4
+
>3
,

b . fi(n) =
3 -

n+ 4
,
f(n) =3
Plan B

f(u) (4-3)" 4, 3 f(u) (4-3)" 4, =

-

b
-

a . = . =

f(7) = (7 +

3) -
4 f(2) = (2 3)2 - -
4

f(7) 12 f(2) 3
-

=
=

f"((2) =
7 f(3) = 2

f "(n) =
3 + n+ 4 f "(n) =
3 + n+ 4

f +(2) =
3 = 12 + y f (3) = 31 3+
-

4
3+ 16 =
7
f(-3) = 37 1

3- M = 2

f " (n) = 3 + n+ 4

f (n) = 3 - n +4
f(u) =
22 -
8n + 5

2nd 8x + a
y
-

y 2 2)
G(x +
y
+

-
=

2[ 2)2 4) -
- + 5
!

2(n -

2) -
8+ 5 3-
-

2(x 22
-
-

232 or UE2 < Make the function one-one.

4y(
g(2) =
+

(2-02 + 4

n" (n) >, 0 (Domain of h(u)

 f (n) 32 -
=

- 31 f(flil]
2) -
1

= 9
-

g(z) f(x) Sinn 0 5

.

= =

38 2 1 Sin" (0 5/
g(y) =
- -
.
=

g(y) =
S

0
& = 5 f(u) 34
=
f (s) = a
n+ 1

20 = 54 + 5 a =
f () 3 =
f(a)
5n 15 =

2= 3
 05 02- 25
-

The
graphs of yend your
f(u) -
e"
,
find f"(n)
em
y
=

2
yea In a
myhe"
-y
= u
on bothse

-
In
Yy = x=
buy
&

~
&K f"(n) = lux

lin of e"therefore of
yelin
Note the
the inverse
graph
: is

reflection of
y-er along
is a the line
you
e Inw
y y
- =

y-int :
(0 1),
·
n-int :
(1 0)
,

e-0 for values of him exists for positive values of

all
only
· ·
n a

ER (Domain NO Domain

y
so
(range) Y
EIR
(Range)
As a < +* then + Asa then
y
·
·
< +0 2 +x
y
As than
y >o
n As
· < -
* ·
a <0 then -

y
Asymptotic towards the negative n-axis
Asymptotic towards
negative y-axis
·
·

Asymptoke y : = 0
Asymptote 1= 0
:

e+ en(a b)
y y
= a =
-

Asymptote :

y -a Asymptote : K =
b
 e Reflection of the
>

y ye" along y-axis

-
:
=

e
reflection of
yeer along
> is the K-axis
y --
-

Note :

Any exponential graph (y-en) d its inverse

you will not intersect.
 2
y
=

P(y) > 2

x *
=

p(o) = Se + 2

Asymtote y =
:
2

' s

Asymptote : n =
L
 5-32° : 2

solveivot

jer
i flu) =
5-bein
*
f(u) =
-

be + 5

< S
y

il f(u) =

5-30
0
&give
iii 5 -

Gm(x-
ku
f(n)

i
S = Se in =

:
an e
Ins
U =
1 82
.
 -

i
ff(o) = 0 662
.

Zu In 2 = = In
ii f(n) h(ymy)
= n =
In2 - T2
&
- =
iii Domain : 42= > 8
Range f (n0
:

Uh
427

In 2*
>
=

u= In 2