sucslion Paper ~June-22 Power olevices ol chatt + qerl_ no = 04 {geet atth block schemadic. working of omits Bae — Seoftching modé pacer supply i L cdg oe assuatse- Trt Vasigs a carding tn the Ipacl_Laxfations + Tawilching medé regulators are. Ue ta convert unregu- un de to aequiated DE out put- Hee hE rE QUIatorS use. cle choppers - Grom Some unre batleay fo_ hot tated 7 ahe Switching me. The ale choopdr takes $he_ingut Vs lateel Supely - > chopper may usé Qarransistor @ PMosFET Q abt @ scr of Ato AN eereaseereeee| Ga PPE — a ROTTS ee a 1 TARE Glock eliageam ching Mode regu ro + a ompan’e the nce (ga. ee ae set o the particular @ scanned with OKEN ScannerZ 5-77 \ woteath contre) Saves rm velkage Ve 5) =) oT eT [ Step clon choppex fs opoeaibecl From cle Supply ef ov. Th has veshskie Lpactwith R= lo - | nmhen choppesr cpesakés Lpltag? coop _acroSS Chopper fo ay. re sluty cycle Ps 40% talcclate Q Arernae of -vms ale voltage @ Average of «ms oP current 2B _chopper eveicfeacy @ xnCur -vesistan 6 cheppen + aien, Ves 2g0V. R= lo Vyu2v , Pro-4 Fe ikz WETAY Ce rol No (av) == § (va Men) = 0-4 (290-2) = 0-4 (22g) Meu @ Rms outPut Voltage Wands = Lo [i-tin = Vou [oem ae t= 063 YR28 HN 4) chopper efFicreney, ae eee = 230 ZED OX = 99%, Gsenput rep. of cheppere Rp = Gos Up = 25 7 @ scanned with OKEN ScannerkL Eaplaig_cwith diigaams Versiors contre! dechntyue ir “pe chipper oporalfon« Tank Tet Fas _chupper coors! schemes. 2 chothin Contre! techn tgut sale chops canbe opesated as constant Fey oy vaofabic alSo Callcclas ting Batis contool (ogc \ech. ~~, Facd a he a ~— {)_ constant Eregutnry cppratinns she ¢hepeer 7 sence Tend 1 —_zthe_advantage sof de design @ scanned with OKEN Scanner= the Greg of the chopper Varfes cohen duby cycle Tp Wnts quar “Tan {kept conskant ancl Tare iS a Vnkstle trequeney 0 get ee varfed + -rhis also _yasfes T T | 4 ee cwhea “Tan fs _varfecl i L nce fs kept constant ancl vie VorSe - — 7 dathe (ile, design fe dificult for dhPe type e i: of choppers: i. | : | |B Gemens limit contyol« ie Jn ans type of conbel »the output current l?s sengeal- ie chen eeeluee the cumrent cotcecal P. (max) Tye choppee ts duancel aff: =wehen -oviput cumyent $s yedlite be loco f (min) ~ he _chappaor PS duaned on a [etreuft clfagram anol dérfve anol Uo V4 id chile] Explafn eperatan of step-up chopper wlth secsdt ct Supression for Ts output voltage tva= Ke T duty cyele- -p) ot yi i chopper with ¢frcut fe ay . LoiprGssten Rex average nutput Voltage. t—~_| ay he ind the sof Ps Shaver Boning - = at the transistor 1B tuaned on From _o to 8ST fod = Hence current Cleos through +the fholuctence Prem _——__ | \ sche fnulurtance Curent “fses _oncl{nduckance i _.| —- ' 2 [ gtovos,_ the: energy trem the Supply. ne @ scanned with OKEN Scannerashe Voltage Uny =o sfnee teansister 2 coneluie ding, tee output veltagG and cuwont aoe ondvnucue nd__ > Ppple— Frees 4 T-To. capa Pho mefabafned = supplies cuwent fy when _ _apansister Psion: = ofedeD, 5 vevesse bfased and M does nobcondelh > ) voltage "Vy! anal 49% step-up chopper having ansiter a8 a switch. | = = ad §T dransistor (switch) Po tesned oft - =ofede fe p, (3 foywarel biased and fb start conduct fF ng - = thus outpyt Valtage wit bé | Us worlatl s ot —~tilve oF i tok Yee sullen ty, anus LaMEEEEK as at = | @ scanned with OKEN Scanner; reales = this dhe output Voltage of the choppes fs _9 Lhan supply voltagé Yor ; Loahfe Shee the step-up _operetfon- Ua = Vecav) E_avemage qutput voltage Vas Wy ; doom 2 fot anol rect of the pestacl fo zea’ cies = Veg = te | Velev dt _ er Vols) (Pt) Tv = Vol’) (1-€) by hv to the loop = Ve = Vite | [he abeve equatfon helds fox steady stebé- Ve = otVorau) (1-8) . Veta) = =3 $)_ Exolain opesation of fear queeekrant chopper Lukich with _chrcuft clfagrem . =) class EF chopper (ur quarirate chopper) = class © PS four quachrant choppes - at operate tr the four quacdeent of Vo- be =the output cuentas well ag voltage beth con Late postive og negative values. & RSH quachart Lithe 4%rat quedoant 8 forxwase! nontorfng + = the output voltage and cumyent both posfle. t | : @ scanned with OKEN ScannerLhe yrre™ quadeant 13 TeHASE Moreaing- LghfS_meanS moter rotates fr [eompared bo Fivest quactoant. once thé power Flows from ga gd quaceant- the opposite olseckfon Source to the load L rt Ps called weclFying opexalton . > ott quacant « a the power Flow From the load do the source hence [etfs cated fhvesting operalin- [84 quadecn Vo fon Vela geatoasal we gtneret a os Fover ding Vee a aT 13° quaderant forward motoring t rectifying Tg pare ss x = | >t ged quadsopt |. 2 quadaant reverse Reverse L ata ne qenexatin OE TEs wv motoring + veelhpsing, — Pnverseing “Yo 43% Four duachant- operation- Vg a = L aE LAOH ml ro BAY : oe Eine “by, aa a 1 Aye cescutt olfagram oF fous qua crant chopper. - Fows quad é 8 the _capabPl operate Lea “alt the Foune quodoants. a vence Pf fs used fh reversfble le anes: oe ST the baaklng Ps wegenanalfve- — Danae yenspense Fesh. ; @ scanned with OKEN ScannerOf step-up chopper fs __opewated From 200 V cle. Supply and Yt provide 260 V oudput + Chopping .freg, fs 5 Nie Calculate nt ofe dfmes ef chopper. ==_aiven Siz, Vp = 3b = Sag Ke Jo = 220 V ot Velwl\s 8% ays = Velw) _ aed: r vi 12h a=l& mee AlSS m& = 1 7 = f= a? Or KIO = 9 yer an ~~ SN 22 Tee = Tig S 2 x7E QF AO = +6 x14 “SS @ scanned with OKEN Scannerae qahat_ aS ots over cuwsent me leclean fp__powess lechonfes ? Explain any techntque fn ne cl€seifls Cp hee. Ore tO MEE. aver cumerent pootarlien » Q@_ Fuse @_Semi conductor Fuse g fuse & Past acting fuse f ced to protece | thygtstor agafat ves cuendt _ he fuse meétte ad (sweor Curren Compar ao eo ge Piosioh ewfth neat clfagreim working of Telelfan banStang, Sy zselatlon in _power €lectrons cfrcifts fo essential > safety, and fuackonairty + —_ pt heles prevent electrical Shock + _ En QUxGS He poopie _afynal_fntepity . -_ et _protects the Sensflive Compenent- _ Lasolahten medhod, Ike teansfermer ox optocuplers / Leweate baryfea between high- volteg@ cumol lew [Voldage. Secdion- = ptatatanthg the gate: separation ewhile allowing signa} Lay powlar transles- PIP) ddd if @ scanned with OKEN Scanner1 8) \ A what PS need of re Senant convertor % Eogiaf 2U3 resonant converter with eb reuPE + waveferms. 2S) aweed dey wESonant Convestens . = n_chepper, Pnvester or SMPS, the switches pone Lcit_Some voltage and curtrenst + Athesckove Switching 109563 take place fh He Suftehes. = rn pwhl centel, the switchihg losses incwease [with w® te pwr trey. Au Switched mode Convesdexs _genOrate Cléechoma — _gnetfa frtertace (Emm) de nefhbeuring efacufl clue to Switching epewetton uvent tHreeugh Switch tusn-on of tenn~off | J resonant converter Provide zerp switching lost: a | & erro Voltage guiching Cx vs) = princfple + the ve 3onant convertor Prvoduce a a0 voltage amose the switch «the swhtch Po_duentel on or off _at dhts fastant wesult Th zex Voltage swilching (zVS)operedin: ~ & chreuft alfagram A waveform - a TT g—Lee fae wa ie ite po TE Us bd = Ned | Ve = = + om ~~ | Sr . aie I “s » | tige aus Oc-0e Converters. ~ { @ scanned with OKEN ScanneriT ay te17 — ' _——. Ls | te disdtgti dts ie 49 i — FRR teavelosm oF zuS _be-o6_Genvevkes. 7] trefore by’ the switch 'T' 83 Conctuching anol 7 =to capacitor Cy Ps not chasged and vy =6 i | { Ji why heebsink fs used fr power echeniis cfrupt? | reo 9s thermal _equabalent —_cfrcuft. | => Veatgink fs csecl fr power elecbenits chacutd = the heat oepaacitted by the SemPcenducter device [tke Q_ hans®tors QA anfode- wt J ahis device Can be become het clusing_opencbisn. = fr viel ath For head move _avay + sat & inproved weabhlPty = Sand Hh pesfosmanc& oF électroni compincnts « _ Shen porate _twilhth tempereteare Limee a = the pes fiance ofi@red to flew of heat 8 catted thermal ncesfstancé: = =the cepling of she herd Sthk can fake place by} 0 natinal canvectin 9 tPaufed — 3 @_ forced air @ vapour phase tooling | @ scanned with OKEN Scanner— , ae _gheama) —_medel_of Powe clevite - TE TS - +P K Resa _where, p> disipatel power at funeHon » 7 _ are => function “Temp: re » case Teme |e > Sih Temp. TH > ambient Teme: Refers Sunokfon te case thewme| we Si8tancé * ROcg > Case to Sthk theymal_o—lt— Rosa Sink te ambient “UU We — yf Total Ro whllbe | Ros Reve +Rast+ R aL Dra thats @. thesmal model for herlsink ban canbe eatpre ise} a | = Te Ta 1 = Rey --Rage 42 | 2 i Fj - @ scanned with OKEN ScannerA anhat amt, Yevsfous EMC Standard? Eaplatn aay foo, PYLEMC = Fleckso magnehe CompatPhittty » > Some of anesé _ Stancladl'¢ faclude @ LEc toon sevtes @_IEc 6looo~ ¢ sexes |@ exseRr \\ | @® ersee 22 _®_ En sd ol\ © _EW Cleoo ~3-2. 1@ EEE ¢62 Sesfes, @ TEc bleco sesftes % th& Comprehensive Sexfes of Standaade Bom the frternatdnal Elcctrotecn Pea | Comméesfon EQ) Ltd caver vVartoue aspects of EN ¢ tocludling fomuntty ae emtas fone Sdanolaod KOTEC Clooo-6 Seofase | cthos__°8 part of dhe TEC 61000 Seofes. - these Sdenolaze provide generfe gtanclred ter EMO fh Speciite envizomends: Toe Coeample 61000 — & 1-3 2968 fn —_@_2&c_¢loo0-6-3 > ase omfssfon ag cnsea specie Erte requtvemente Pexin duc tot getendSlte ond medfcal ram) wndfeatrey @ scanned with OKEN ScannerPilar what 25 es 2 what ave Hs tea? Exptatn epescttion Tef_any one ups fdh_plocks schema HG. ugly an fn _case oF online UPS. —3S= rn verter _Continou ee _othine ups _fnverter mang __pewee_Fatile. en _cnly cwhen a = power elfictenty of online UPS 2s lowes compass 7 “te vb fine ups. i. ~pit_srating of the batten Lelig_abowt how much eS amount _of current the battery can Surely a fer one hous: b & ~THpe_of Ups .@ _on\fne_ues a @_ offline ul. . ®_1fne frteraciPue UPS =_up: Unintesrupdtble Power Supply - & Explain__onling Ups - Lathe _ontine ors fs also catlec| in Vester. ~ | pre fenrred UPS. = when the main Supply 18 present, ~ Lathe _nrcclfhitr [charger provide powder to an ~~ fhverderr gg well a: Leddeny + ~ = the _batteay 18 _chawgecl My = UPS Static suilch Po always on and censeds load » _te_fnvestow_cutput+ \metn 4 ofetie suTtch [Tuer ken |p UPS ae) Stake Seech ! al a _ A &. cnlne Ups Sysbem @ scanned with OKEN Scanner5 paths stat seftch fs atays off. cz But when the ups Feafle , then load f& connected aféctly de the maka clfectty through matin odake euch + L Pee Show dhe powers Flows when meine fe present sand Maing fs assent —Tehanger Finer] Toad | -acheeatr Iyinvertep] toca. | . ae cohen math fe present Bltohen mains Pe _ab sends Dy | | | | | | | 4 Explata off lhe UPS - + he _offttre ups fs algo Caltad the preferseal us: L 9, when _mafn Supply's __paesent, Hen chatgdr chaxg@ she : tn verter £8 off ancl Us Stale ewftch PS off. oa ee ed 4 Charaoa favexter oe ae 1 Ra battens | bonk | 1 tee block. cifageern of offline UPS | when mafrs Supply 1S nob avalable , then Avestex TS traned pn: stein Fake power form the battery . | » @ scanned with OKEN Scannerleckonte Latlast wrth —Eaplain _ansfng of 6 —_blecls cliepreim + | 5 3) | pled eliagretm_anel_opencikion of clectronic batlacd. pale Tepix | Die dle-rccr dete Wah [, To Fluore sees Sup Filter | ford fer Peg. Enver! tube 7 e Ef = -the_main3 Sugplyfs_passed_Mrongh Erie filter anol_creck tied. aE = the che Velkage at the cutpudof wech fem is ued with capoclor Fiten: =the pe voltage fs then converte! ~ to ve wlth Very high Prog. ~ hrs Peg. 20-40 kW. = thfe high Frey. ox voltage fs gfven to tHe L fluprecont dubée- ~The Fluvescent tube work eftfcPenty, cit high | preg. ace Voltage ~The _voikage arequfree fs also law» Lenin P geneacited due te high frey- fnueriee. Erin pilter fs used do suppress this EMp m being thiected fy the math Supely - © Advantage? = ifs provide power saving updo 30% + = Fluewescent Ifoht can werk at few Supply yel Lage with Clechonfe ballast. FT Tt consume |€8S power anol hence healing fa reduced: tlife of Auerescent supe £2 nereased due to _ le cbonfe ballast sincé ~ nefse_intéekerence bom gain supply fe assent. | i @ scanned with OKEN ScannerA_why -clotver §% cequiyed fer LED lamp ? Ltexplatn twit sufbeble cicutt eliageem ewort fing, lof LED lamp claive. | : ‘ zd>* Len lamps require, cofvers to regulate the celine Land ceirent suppttal ke the LED ches: 4 the dafver ensures _a__gtasle and ebercPent | power Supelsy- L. poteckna LED From Voltage. 1 rt fs also fchieve Jastred bei hiness anol ! Colouc temp owaturd- a & Exits LED lamp dofveo efreuft- 1 the backe principle _bebtnal the LED olaiven- cf&rcuPt @3 tansfoxmey less power Supply + the matin component valtecl AC capacitors whith Can sedyre dhe Supply cuavent to a Sufbrblé amount « tthe mat, compmet of the profect are the | rated capacPloo: tthe zener cline anal 2esiler whith {imft the current te a -2ePbeptemam: Zn ae clirdé. BPrSk, tha wated Capacitor (2257 —A00v) ewfltitmtt Ao current rom main Supply. total cunxent enter thé bofelgé ec Meee: + output nf the brilge arect lee fa FPljesca lucia a Capacfhenr- tort 1% fingostant te select voltage wating for thie capactor- tthe wen thers pe Voltage © high Voltage The zener cliede fe used . @ scanned with OKEN Scanner7 ake = - - Bop ke Lk, 1. 4£ Leo ? T a= ES [ Te +] , + F Ta0l7 2 ct i: SNe Z | Ld yecliior 4 Loy 7 | (o-0— ¢ Zenby #f9¢ LED lamp cater ciSreu f- | | fe | Expiaf wf} neat clifigram pipe aeive. | L eS the 8lbe defve can operate From ncor ~ 06 Sowxtés Ht taf 1688 toa date. tae Ac Sounre uses cuclecon verter bo olive ~ | the Synchonou mo Oc Souce use 2¢ “Pauerter te olatve the. Synchronous modo a —1Afs Pe alse calleel brushless Ancmotor me: ~ | Nea che Yree phase leverle. 6B_Cyclpeonyertes — On Oreert ww = whse treg. & changed poopothona’ te ws _ she _speez). NS + Such that armature and vol mm waies ~~ | acuolve at the Same speed. NS = TAR opeenhon parduch Stedy torque at ctl ‘ _Speee) finflaw to cle. moderr+ me | @ scanned with OKEN ScannerQOCFONS moler eo ») by aad — os PavealOs hase Phase delay Firing ae keronleo— | < ——— te £ 1422 Vo mote t tere poohhis watered _ Con dno « eee = Phase ooee 6 algo beakeOh tain Single phase converter da iva Single phase Sepasataly cuetPhed de _pnotoy. => rentwwthy ced be rchnlguas of 04 motes: Q Avmntuse as Cont2ol: ee BE fold cusrcm control Cty of Tf) - to Fi Converters bazcel 4 E or == @ scanned with OKEN Scannerthe amature 3 supplied hy 24 Gully eenboottes bezel go. + che “tr & Supplied with uncontrolied rec Te. = Heace eld Flute wemafae Congtand:» # Cont puoug lead _cuwent mede . = sca’ thand te condintin the positive hale cyere. ~ since the Inad [3 fnoluchbe the sep Continue to conde a U_neoed | O, L poly Te ef batygereof at sttad- E [veltege] E [suyely Fe 3, | 2TT \ CE | ~ -| T- Peet £~ Pevatune | ¢ a 4 "Volkege i x ao aa Sot te | Va VY cn 7 St | te Tie BT Ramah. . 7 : ~ | Te a Tad . | \ | + . [x \ Ser pA aaa ae ea ea CE ae c cement ok ae ts ~ waveform oF 2.6 FeB dete cae @ scanned with OKEN Scanner= ghow Supply current é. i= = Sito TT conduct 3 =fq__T3T: conduct Volay) = ie corde 2 Specol of mote fs gfyen = 2v we 24" cos -Taka | ] ka OL | 6 | Exelain Var crbeswmance parameter —of— badenrtee + used t7 hadlorsy oporaibed Bowes SySten- to Energy —medsuned fr watt hous pes kg. Cyl) +@ Enexriys clensfty Pa wate houss pew [Ree (hit) 3 4@ pate of cli&chaage 1 speci, power and power clenstty . ~ +6 cost U7 dempenakursé £ Safoty I 30 ~ peack ——_r_ ®@_ ee and_mod. of Ai chay 2 «capacity & Tndicates the dodal amount 0 | chasye bodteny Can storé- — Wig herr apactty - 2 He. 2 Vol of ‘ : - =Awhat @ scanned with OKEN Scannera cyne.L the 4 cthe no -of _chayne- ABeheoge — Cyce of batdery. = Longer cycle IPF + @ chavs ing, Time. 2 che me wequtred to : a u ee he oe ee - © cSt ¢ overcal! _Ca8t of the bat Hl | a @ Sefeby § — Yousle _alechealing , PAre_ of \enleage- ; ~ 7 ~~ — es 1 a 7 | ae 7 aaa ao @ scanned with OKEN Scanner