BDwbU 1 BDwbU 1 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

†`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

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†KvU© Ae WvB‡iKUim KZ©„K Avw`ó n‡q 1826 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m gv`ªvR cÖ‡`‡ki Mf©Yi m¨vi
Ugvm gyb‡iv Ges 1829 mv‡ji †ev‡¤^ cÖ‡`‡ki Mf©Yi wgt Gjwdb‡÷vb wbR wbR cÖ‡`‡ki wk¶v
e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© miKvixfv‡e †h wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib Zv Am¤ú~Y© wQj| G Rb¨ Zv wbf©i‡hvM¨I
wQj bv| ZrKvjxb fvi‡Zi eo jW© DBwjqvg †ew›UsK KZ©„K wbhy³ n‡q ¯‹Uj¨vÛevmx wgkbvix
DBwjqvg G¨vWvg evsjv I wenv‡ii wk¶v e¨e¯’v m¤^‡Ü e¨vcK AbymÜvb Pvwj‡q 1835−38
mv‡j †emiKvixfv‡e 3wU wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib| Zvui wi‡cvU© A‡bK †¶‡Î µwUc~Y© n‡jI A‡bKUv
wbf©i‡hvM¨ wQj| Zvui wi‡cvU© †_‡K ZrKvjxb fviZe‡l©i †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vi †h †gvUvgywU wPÎ
cvIqv hvq eZ©gvb BDwb‡U G wel‡q Rvbvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cvV 1.1 †`kxq wk¶vi ¯^iƒc

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

Ebwesk kZvãxi ïiæ‡Z cÖPwjZ †`kxq wk¶vi cwimsL¨vb ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

†`kxq cÖv_wgK I D”P wk¶vi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

RvZxq wk¶vi eywbqv` ˆZwi‡Z †`kxq wk¶vi f~wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

welqe¯‘
gyb‡iv, Gjwdb‡÷vb, DBwjqvg G¨vWvg cÖgyL gbxlxi wi‡cvU© cÖvß Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ Ebwesk
kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a© G‡`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vi †h wPÎ cvIqv hvq Zv ms‡¶‡c wb‡æ cÖ`Ë Kiv n‡jv−

1| wk¶vi cwimsL¨vb
GW¨v‡gi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx evsjv wenv‡i 1 j¶ we`¨vjq wQj| G wn‡m‡e mgMÖ fviZe‡l© †`kxq
we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v cÖvq 10 j¶ wQj e‡j Abygvb Kiv nq| cÖwZ 400 R‡bi Rb¨ GKwU wQj|
cÖvq cÖwZ MÖv‡gB we`¨vjq wQj| 5 n‡Z 14 eQ‡ii †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡`i g‡a¨ cÖwZ 63 R‡bi GKwU
we`¨vjq wQj| D³ eq‡mi †Q‡j‡`i 7% we`¨vj‡q covïbv Ki‡Zv| ïay cyiæ‡li wkw¶‡Zi nvi
wQj ¯’vb we‡kl 8% n‡Z 12% Ges cyiæl I gwnjv a‡i wkw¶‡Zi nvi wQj 4% n‡Z 6%|

2| †`kxq we`¨vj‡qi †kªYx wefvM

Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡_© fviZe‡l© wk¶v cwi‡ekK ms¯’v¸‡j‡K †gvU mvZwU ¯Í‡i fvM Kiv
hvq| †hgb− (1) †`kxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq (2) wgkbvix I Ab¨‡`i Øviv cwiPvwjZ cÖv_wgK
we`¨vjq (3) cvwievwiK we`¨vjq (4) Bs‡iRx we`¨vjq I K‡jR (5) †`kxq evwjKv we`¨vjq
(6) †`kxq wk¶v we`¨vjq I (7) eq¯‹ wk¶vi cÖwZôvb|
wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

D³ mvZwU ¯Í‡ii g‡a¨ †`kxq wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv †gvUvgywU `yB †kªwY‡Z wef³ wQj| h_v− (1)
†`kxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq I (2) †`kxq D”P wk¶vi we`¨vjq, †`kxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv `yB
iK‡gi wQj| †hgb− (1) divmx fvlvi we`¨vjq I (2) AvaywbK fviZxq fvlvi we`¨vjq|
D”P wk¶vi we`¨vjq¸‡jv Avevi `yÔiKg wQj| h_v− (1) †Uvj (wn›`y‡`i), (2) gv`ªvmv
(gymjgvb‡`i)|

ms‡¶‡c †`kxq, we`¨vj‡qi †kªwYfvM wbæiƒct

†`kxq we`¨vjq

cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq D”P we`¨vjq

divmx fvlvi AvaywbK fviZxq fvlvi †Uvj gv`ªvmv (wn›`y‡`i)

we`¨vjq g³e we`¨vjq/ cvVkvjv (gymjvgvb‡`i)

ZvÕQvov fvi‡Zi me©Î M„n we`¨vj‡qi (Domestic School) cÖPjb wQj wbR M„‡n wcZv, wcZvgn,
ˆRô¨åvZv ev M„n wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡K wk¶v`vb Ki‡Zb|

3| cÖv_wgK wk¶v
K) †`kxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv Rbwk¶vi cÖavb †K›`ª wQj| MÖv‡gi mvaviY Rwg`vi, e¨emvqx
I Ae¯’v m¤úbœ e¨w³‡`i Pvwn`v I cÖ‡qvRb‡K †K›`ª K‡i Gme we`¨vjq M‡o DV‡Zv| Gme
we`¨vj‡q A¶iÁvb msL¨vÁvb I agx©q wk¶v †`qv n‡Zv|
L) mvaviYZ Rwg`vi ev Ae¯’vm¤úbœ e¨w³‡`i ˆeVKLvbvq, AvUPvjvi wb‡P, MvQZjvq ev
wk¶‡Ki wbR¯^ M„‡n Gme we`¨vjq em‡Zv| we`¨vj‡qi mvR-miÄvg LyeB mvaviY wQj|
M) wk¶v`v‡bi gvb Kze DbœZ wQj bv| mvaviY Ávb m¤úbœ Aí ev Aa© wkw¶Z wk¶K ØvivB
we`¨vjq cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv| wk¶‡Ki wba©vwiZ †Zgb †Kvb †eZb wQj bv| QvÎ †eZ‡bi
cÖPjb wQj bv| QvÎ-AwffveK‡`i `w¶Yv, Ae¯’vm¤úbœ e¨w³‡`i A_©vbyK‚‡j¨ wk¶K RxweKv
wbe©vn Ki‡Zb| A‡bK mgq RxweKvi Rb¨ wk¶K Ab¨ †ckvI MÖnY Ki‡Zb|
N) Gme we`¨vj‡q wba©vwiZ †Kvb cvV¨m~wP I cvV¨cy¯ÍK wQj bv| Qvcv‡bv eB Gi cÖPjb wQj bv
ej‡jB P‡j| wk¶v_x©iv †køU, †cwÝj, ZvjcvZv w`‡qB †jLvcovi KvR Pvjv‡Zv| mvaviY
AsK, kªyZwjwc, wPwVcÎ †jLv BZ¨vw` †kLv‡bv n‡Zv| divmx we`¨vjq ev g³e¸‡jv
mvaviYZ gmwR‡` em‡Zv| GLv‡b Bmjvg agx©q cvV¨e¯‘ wk¶v †`qv n‡Zv| GRb¨
wk¶v_x©‡`i D”PviY I cÖKvkf½xi cÖwZ †ewk j¶¨ ivLv n‡Zv|
O) ¯’vbxq cwi‡ek I cwiw¯’wZ Abyhvqx wk¶v`v‡bi mgq I wbw`©ó w`b wba©vwiZ n‡Zv| we`¨vj‡q
wk¶v_x© fwZ©i wbw`©ó †Kvb mgq wQj bv| eQ‡ii †h †Kvb mgq wk¶v_x©iv fwZ© n‡Z cvi‡Zv
Ges wk¶v mgvw߇Z †h †Kv‡bv mgq we`¨vjq Z¨vM Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv|
P) we`¨vjq¸‡jv Lye eo wQj bv| †Kvb we`¨vjq 10/15 R‡bi †ewk wk¶v_x© I 2/3 wUi †ewk
†kªwY wQj bv| GKRb wk¶KB we`¨vjq cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zb| AwaKZi eo we`¨vj‡q D”P
†kªwYi AwaK AMÖmi I kvmb ¶gZvq `¶ wk¶v_x©‡`i (Senior student/Monitor) Øviv

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 2

 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

cvV`vb Kvh© m¤úbœ Kiv n‡Zv| wk¶K‡`i Abycw¯’wZ‡Z G c‡ov m`©viB wk¶K‡`i
AbyK‚‡j wk¶v`vb I we`¨vjq cwiPvjbv m¤úbœ Ki‡Zv| gv`ªv‡Ri †cÖwm‡WÝx P¨vcwjb
(Presidency Chaplain) Wt GÛz †ej †`kxq we`¨vj‡q c‡ov m`©vi e¨e¯’vi gva¨‡g ¯^í
e¨‡q AwaK wk¶v_x©‡K wk¶v`v‡bi e¨e¯’vi cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡q Bsj¨v‡Ûi Mixe †kªYxi g‡a¨
wk¶v we¯Ívi‡ii Rb¨ G cÖ_v mdjZvi mv‡_ Pvjy K‡ib| Bsj¨v‡Û G cÖ_v Wt †ej Gi
bvgvbymv‡i Ò†ej c×wZÓ bv‡g cÖwmw× jvf K‡i|
cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv ¯^í e¨‡q ¯’vbxq Pvwn`v gvwdK ev¯Íe wk¶v`vb Ki‡Zv e‡j Lye RbwcÖq
wQj| Gi cÖavb µwU¸‡jv n‡jv wk¶‡Ki wb¤œgv‡bi wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv, wb¤œgv‡bi cvV¨`vb c×wZ,
wk¶v_x©‡`i K‡Vvi kvw¯Í cÖ`v‡bi cÖ_v BZ¨vw`|

4| D”Pwk¶v
D”P wk¶vi Rb¨ gymjgvb‡`i gv`ªvmv I wn›`y‡`i †Uvj bv‡g `yÕai‡bi D”P wk¶v cÖwZôvb wQj|
†Uv‡ji KvR gw›`‡i Ges gv`ªvmvi KvR gmwR‡` AbywôZ n‡Zv| A‡bK †¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki wbR
M„‡n A_ve †Kvb weËkvjx e¨w³i ‰eVKLvbvq we`¨vj‡qi KvR Pj‡Zv| Dfq ai‡bi we`¨vj‡qB
Rwg`vi, abx e¨w³ I kvmK †kªwYi wbKU †_‡K A_© mvnvh¨ †c‡Zv|
D”P we`¨vj‡qi wk¶KMY D”P wkw¶Z I wk¶v`vb Kv‡h© AwfÁ wQ‡jb| wk¶KMY A_© MÖnY
A‡c¶v agx©q †cÖiYv‡ZB wk¶KZv Ki‡Zb| A‡bK wk¶K Qv·`i A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb|
wk¶K‡`i wba©vwiZ †eZb wQj bv| wk¶v`v‡bi wewbgq ¯^iƒc Zvuiv c„ôv‡cvlK‡`i wbKU †_‡K
km¨f‚wg †c‡Zb| ZvÕQvov weËkvjx e¨w³‡`i wbKU †_‡K wbqwgZ mvnvh¨ I mvaviY M„n‡¯’ wbKU
†_‡K A_©Kix Pvu`viI e¨e¯’v wQj|
gv`ªvmvq Aviex ev dvimx Ges †Uv‡j ms¯‹…Z fvlv wk¶vi gva¨g wQj| †Uv‡j eªv²Y wk¶KMYB
Aa¨vbv Ki‡Zb| eªv²Y QvÎivB †mLv‡b Aa¨qb KiZ| bvix I Aeªv²Y QvÎiv‡Pv‡j covi my‡hvn
†cZ bv| †Uvj I gv`ªvmvq mvwnZ¨, Q›`, `k©b, †RvwZ©we`¨v, ZK©kv¯¿, e¨vKiY I agx©q gv¯Í
D”PZi ch©v‡qi wk¶v`vb Kiv nZ| wk¶vi gv‡bi w`K †_‡K D”P wk¶vi we`¨vjq¸‡jv AvaywbK
K‡jR wk¶vi mgch©v‡q wQj| msMVb I cwiPvjb e¨e¯’vq †Uvj A‡c¶v gv`ªvmv wQj wbægv‡bi
beve ev ev`kvnx `iev‡ii D”Pc` jv‡fi Rb¨ dvimx fvlv wk¶vi cª‡qvR‡bi †m hy‡M wn›`y
QvÎivI G‡Z †jLvcov KiZ| gv`ªvmvq Qv·`i agx©q I ˆbwZK gvb A¶zbœ ivLvi w`‡K ¸iæZ¡
Av‡ivc Kiv nZ|
D”P we`¨vj‡qi wbw`©ó mgqKvj wQj bv| mvaviYZ wk¶v_x©‡`i 10/12 eQi D”P wk¶vi Rb¨
Aa¨qb Ki‡Z nZ|
evsjv‡`‡ki b`xqvq Aew¯’Z D”P wk¶vi cÖwZôvb¸‡jv Lye RbwcÖq wQj| beØxc, wgw_jv,
weµgcyi, dwi`cy‡ii †KvUvjxcvov ms¯‹…Z fvlvi gva¨‡g Ges gywk©`vev‡`, w`jøx, AvMÖv cÖf…wZ
¯’vb¸‡jv Aviex I dvimx fvlvi gva¨‡g D”P wk¶v cÖwm× †K›`ª n‡q D‡V|

5| RvZxq wk¶vi eywbqv` iPbvq †`kxq wk¶vi f‚wgKv

cÖkœ D‡V †`kxq wk¶vi gva¨‡g RvZxq wk¶vi eywbqv` iPbv m¤¢e wQj Kx?
GKwU †`‡ki wk¶v e¨e¯’v hZB µzwUc~Y© †nvK bv †Kb Zv‡K m¤ú~Y© aŸsm K‡i wk¶v e¨e¯’vi
Dbœqb Kiv hvq bv| cÖ‡qvRbxq I cwiKwíZ ms¯‹vi I we¯Ív‡ii gva¨‡gB wk¶v e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb
Ki‡Z nq| Bsj¨v‡Ûi µwUc~Y© fjv›Uvix ¯‹zj¸‡jv‡K G‡Kev‡i evwZj ev aŸsm K‡i cwiKwíZ
ms¯‹vi I m¤úªmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i Dbœqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖvi¤¢ †_‡KB †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vi Ae¶q ïiæ n‡jI G¨vWvg I Ab¨vb¨
DaŸ©Zb e„wUk Kg©KZ©v g‡b Ki‡Zb †`kxq wk¶vi Dci wfwË K‡i fvi‡Zi GKwU RvZxq wk¶v

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 3

wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e Ges fvi‡Zi mgMÖ wk¶v KvVv‡gvi GKgvÎ wbwðZ wfwË nIqv DwPZ
†`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v| GWvg AviI g‡b Ki‡Zb ÒD”PZi n‡Z wbæZi me iK‡gi †`kxq wk¶v
cªwZôvbB fviZxq RbM‡Yi ˆewkó¨ I PwiÎ Dbœq‡bi me‡P‡q Dchy³ evnb| Rbg‡b †m †PZbv
m„wói D‡Ï‡k¨ †`kxq wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvB n‡e me‡P‡q mnR, wbivc`, RbwcÖq
I me‡P‡q djcÖmy cÖKí|Ó
c‡ov m`©vi cÖ_v‡K Bsjv‡Ûi mdjZvi mv‡_ Kv‡R jvwM‡q Wvt †ej cÖwmw× jvf Ki‡b| A_P
fvi‡Z †m cÖ_vi †Kvb g~j¨ †`qv nqwb| Gfv‡e e„wUk miKv‡ii wegvZvmyjf AvPiY I `„wóf½xi
d‡j G‡`kxq wk¶vi †¶‡Î k~Y¨Zv I e¨eavb m„wó nq †m g~Y¨Zv c~iY I e¨eavb `~i Kiv m¤¢e
nqwb| G¨vWvg cÖgyL gbxlxi mycvwik gvwdK hw` †`kxq wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K myweb¨¯Í Dbœqb
cwiKíbvi gva¨‡g Bsj¨v‡Ûi fjv›Uvix ¯‹zj¸‡jvi gZ mycwiKwíZ fv‡e ms¯‹vi I m¤úªmviY
Kiv n‡Zv Zvn‡j fviZxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vi iƒc wbtm‡›`‡n wfbœ n‡Z cvi‡Zv Ges fviZxq wk¶vi
eywbqv` m¤¢e n‡Zv|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 4

 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.1

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (
) w`b|
1| cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡`i RxweKvi cÖavb Dcvq Kx wQj?
(K) f‚wgi Avq
(L) QvÎ-†eZb
(M) e¨w³MZ `vb
(N) QvÎ-AwffveK I weËkvjx‡`i `vb

2| cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wk¶v`v‡bi mgq I w`b avh© Kiv n‡Zv−

(K) wk¶v_x©i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx
(L) wk¶‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx
(M) wk¶K wk¶v_x©i wm×všÍ Abyhvqx
(N) ¯’vqx cwi‡ek I cwiw¯’wZ Abyhvqx

3| cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi mvaviYZ wk¶v_x© msL¨v wQj−

(K) 10/15 R‡bi †ewk bq
(L) 15/20 R‡bi †ewk bq
(M) 20/25 R‡bi †ewk bq
(N) 25/30 R‡bi †ewk bq

4| msMVb I cwiPvjb e¨e¯’vi gvb wePv‡i †Uvj A‡c¶v gv`ªvmv †Kgb wQj?
(K) D”Pgv‡bi
(L) wb¤œgv‡bi
(M) mggv‡bi
(N) gvb wePvi Kiv n‡Zv bv

5| D”P wk¶vi we`¨vj‡q †h welqwU cvV`vb Kiv n‡Zv bv, Zvn‡jv−

(K) mvwnZ¨
(L) e¨vKiY
(M) ZK© kv¯¿
(N) weÁvb

6| cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z †h wk¶v †`qv n‡Zv, Zvn‡jv−

(K) A¶i Ávb
(L) msL¨v Ávb
(M) agx©q Ávb
(N) Dc‡ii me KqwUB mwVK

7| ev`kvnx `iev‡ii D”P c` jv‡fi Rb¨ †h fvlvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj ZvÕn‡jv−

(K) ms¯‹…Z
(L) Aviex
(M) dvimx
(N) cvwj

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 5

wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

8| Ôc‡ov-m`©viÕ c×wZ AbymiY K‡i Bsj¨v‡Û whwb bZzb c×wZi cÖeZ©b K‡i cÖwmw× jvf
K‡ib Zvi bvg n‡jv−
(K) Wt GÛz †ej
(L) Wt m¨vWjvi
(M) Wt MÖvnvg
(N) Wt evK©

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 6

 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

cvV 1.2 G¨vWv‡gi wi‡cvU© t wewfbœ w`K

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

DBwjqvg G¨vWvg cÖYxZ wi‡cvU© mg~‡ni ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

evsjv I wenvi A‡ji cvuPwU †Rjvi †`kxq wkí m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|

†`kxq wk¶vi Dbœq‡b G¨vWv‡gi mycvwikmg~n D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Mycvwikmg~n ev¯ÍevwqZ bv nIqvi KviY D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

Ewbk kZ‡Ki cÖvi‡¤¢ G Dcgnv‡`‡k mnR I Abvo¤^i wk¶v e¨e¯’v cÖPwjZ wQj| 1835
Lªxóv‡ã fvi‡Zi Z`vbxšÍb eojvU jW© †ew›UsK Rbwk¶v we¯Ív‡ii †¶‡Î †`kxq wk¶v
cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Kvh©KvwiZv wbiƒc‡Yi j‡¶¨ wgkbvix ag© cÖPviK DBwjqvg G¨vWg‡K †`kxq
wk¶v e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© wek` Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ wbhy³ K‡ib| wk¶veªZx wgkbvix weeiYx cÖ¯‘Z
K‡iwQ‡jb †mwU A‡bK w`K w`‡q µwUc~Y© n‡jI wbf©i‡hvM¨ Ges Zv‡Z c~‡e©i Ab¨vb¨ weeibxq
mvi ms‡¶cI Av‡Q| G¨vWvg cÖYxZ G mgw¤^Z weeiYx‡Z †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vi wPÎ cÖwZdwjZ
n‡q‡Q|

G¨vWv‡gi cÖ_g wi‡cvU©

G¨vWv‡gi cÖ_g wi‡cvU© Lye msw¶ß| GwU wQj g~jZ c e©eZx© miKvix AbymÜv‡bi msw¶ß
ms¯‹iY| miKvix bw_cÎ, †Rbv‡ij KwgwU Ae cvewjK BÝUªvKkb (GCPI) Gi wi‡cvU© I
mgKvjxb cÎ-cwÎKv †_‡K ZrKvjxb fvi‡Zi wk¶v e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© cÖvß Z‡_¨i Dci wfwË K‡i
wZwb cÖ_g wi‡cvU© cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib| 1835 mv‡ji 1 jv RyjvB G wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib| Zvui
weeiYx‡Z ejv nq †h evsjv I wenv‡ii †jvKmsL¨v wQj 4 †KvwU, we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v wQj 1 j¶|
G wn‡m‡e cÖwZ 400 R‡bi GKwU we`¨vjq wQj| MÖv‡gi msL¨v wQj 150,748wU| G wn‡m‡e
cÖwZ 3wU MÖv‡g 2wU we`¨vjq wQj|

wi‡cv‡U© D‡jøwLZ we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v‡K A‡b‡K (†hgb m¨vi wdwjc nvU©M) wbQK AwZiÄb I
KíbvcÖm~Z e‡j Dcnvm K‡ib| A‡b‡K (†hgb Avi, wf, †ciæ‡jKvi) Avevi GUv‡K mwVK e‡j
g‡b K‡ib| Aek¨ we`¨vjq m¤ú‡K© †h AvaywbK avibv Abyhvqx G msL¨v K‡i‡Qb| †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bv cwiev‡ii GK ev GKvwaK †Q‡j-‡g‡q mg¯Í cvwievwiK wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b †jLvcov KiZ|
G¸‡jv‡K cvwievwiK we`¨vjq e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv| G w`K †_‡K 1 j¶¨ we`¨vj‡qi wn‡me wQj
mwVK| cieZx© miKvix Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni d‡j †`Lv wM‡q‡Q G ai‡bi cvwievwiK we`¨vjqmn evsjv
I wenv‡ii †gvU we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v wQj 1 j¶ 25 nvRvi| d‡j G¨vWv‡gi Dw³i h_v_©Zv
cÖgvwbZ n‡q‡Q| BwZc~‡e© g¨vKm&gyjvi, IqvW©, g¨vwjKg cÖf…wZ gbxlxi weeiYxi wfwˇZ fvi‡Zi
Ab¨ A‡jI GB cwigvY we`¨vj‡qi Aw¯ÍZ¡ j¶¨ Kiv †M‡Q|

G¨vWv‡gi wØZxq wi‡cvU©

G¨vWvg ivRkvnx †Rjvi bv‡Uvi _vbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i Z_¨vbymÜv‡bi weeiYx cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib Ges
1835 mv‡ji 23‡k wW‡m¤^i Zvui wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib| bv‡Uv‡ii †jvKmsL¨v wQj 195,296|
Zb¥‡a¨ 129,680 Rb gymjgvb I 65, 656 Rb wn›`y| MÖv‡gi msL¨v wQj 485| GLv‡b 27wU
we`¨vj‡q 262 Rb wk¶v_©x wQj| Zvi weeiYx Abyhvqx cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq I wk¶v_x© msL¨vi
wbæiƒc wn‡m‡e cvIqv hvq|

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 7

wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

µwgK bs we`¨vj‡qi bvg we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v wk¶v_x©i msL¨v

1| evsjv ¯‹zj 10 167
2| dvimx ¯‹zj 4 23
3| Aviex ¯‹zj 11 42
4| evsjv I dvimx ¯‹zj 2 30
me©‡gvU= 27 262

ZvQvov 238wU MÖv‡gi 1588wU cwiev‡i 2,342 Rb QvÎ M„‡n †jLvcov Ki‡Zv| G wn‡m‡e
mvaviY we`¨vj‡q cvViZ wk¶v_x©i msL¨vi †P‡q M„‡n cvViZ wk¶v_©xi msL¨v wQj cÖvq 9 ¸Y|
cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nIqvi Mo eqm wQj 8 eQi I we`¨vjq Z¨v‡Mi Mo eqm wQj 14 eQi|
M‡o cÖwZ wk¶K gv‡m †eZb †c‡Zb 5 UvKv 8 Avbv|
gymjgvb‡`i Øviv cwiPvwjZ D”P wk¶vi †Kv‡bv †`kxq we`¨vjq wQj bv| bv‡Uv‡i 38wU ms¯‹…Z
fvlvi D”P we`¨vjq wQj| G mg¯Í we`¨vj‡q 397 Rb QvÎ wQj| Zb¥‡a¨ 136 Rb wk¶v_x© wQj
Hme MÖv‡gi †hLv‡b D”P we`¨vjq¸‡jv Aew¯’Z wQj Ges Zviv A‰eZwbK wk¶vjvf Ki‡Zv|
evKx 261 Rb Ab¨vb¨ MÖvg †_‡K Avm‡Zv Ges Zviv webv Li‡P †jLvcov, Avnvi I evm¯’v‡bi
my‡hvM †c‡Zv| bvix wk¶vi †Zgb †Kv‡bv cÖPjb wQj bv| G¨vWvg wbæiƒcfv‡e 6121 Rb wkw¶Z
†jv‡Ki msL¨v wb¤œiƒc K‡ibt

1| ms¯‹…Z D”P we`¨vjq (K‡jR) Gi wk¶K 39 Rb

2| D”P wkw¶Z wKš‘ wk¶K bb 88 Rb
3| D”P we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_x© 197 Rb
4| fvj wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡i Ggb e¨w³ 3,205 Rb
5| †Kv‡bv iKg co‡Z cv‡i I bvg `¯ÍLZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb e¨w³ 2342 Rb
†gvU wkw¶Z †jvK = 6121 Rb

ïay cyiæl wnmv‡e Ki‡j wkw¶‡Zi nvi wQj 6.1% Ges bvixmn mgMÖ Rbmgwó wnmve Ki‡j
wkw¶‡Zi nvi wQj 3.1%|

G¨vWv‡gi Z…Zxq wi‡cvU©

1838 mv‡ji 28‡k GwcÖj G¨vWvg Z…Zxq weeiYx †ck K‡ib| G weeiYx 2wU As‡k wef³
wQj| cÖ_g As‡k gywk©`vev` exif‚g, ea©gvb, `w¶Y wenvi I wÎûZ| evsjv I wenv‡ii G cvuPwU
†Rjvi †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vi GKwU cwimsL¨vb cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib| wØZxq As‡k wZwb †`kxq
we`¨vjq¸‡jv ms¯‹vi mva‡bi cÖ¯Íve K‡ib|
G¨vWvg D³ cvuPwU †Rjvi 8 iK‡g †gvU 2567wU we`¨vjq Lyu‡R cvb| Zb¥‡a¨ evsjv
we`¨vjq−1099, wn›`x we`¨vjq− 376, ms¯‹…Z we`¨vjq−3, dvimx we`¨vjq− 694, AvbyôvwbK
Aviex we`¨vjq, Aviex we`¨vjq−38, Bs‡iwR we`¨vjq− 4 I evwjKv we`¨vjq−6wU|

wb‡æv³ cvuPwU †Rjvi we`¨vjq I Qv‡Îi GKwU mvaviY cwimsL¨vb †`qv n‡jv D‡jøL¨ †h, G
cwimsL¨v‡b cvwievwiK we`¨vjq I Zvi wk¶v_x© msL¨v aiv nqwb|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 8

 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

†Rjv †gvU †jvKmsL¨v wewfbœ iK‡gi †gvU wk¶v_x© msL¨v ïay QvÎxi
we`¨vjq msL¨v msL¨v
gywk©`vevev` 1,86,841 113 1396 28
exif‚g 1,267,067 544 7350 11
ea©gvb 1,187580 931 15,814 175
`w¶Y wenvi 1,340,510 605 5,306 -
wÎüZ 1697,700 374 1319 -
me©‡gvU= 56,79,798 2567 30,914 214

D³ cvuPwU †Rjvi cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z AšÍZt GKwU _vbvi cwimsL¨vb wZwb wb‡R msMÖn K‡ib|
Ab¨¸‡jv‡Z Zvui mnKgx©iv Z_¨ msMÖn K‡ib| _vbv¸‡jv gywk©`vev` kni, †`ŠjZevRvi,
bvsMwjqv, Kzjbv, †Rnvbvev` I fvIqviv| D³ QqwU _vbvq 373wU mvaviY we`¨vjq I 1747 wU
cvwievwiK we`¨vjq wQj| †gvU 6786 Rb wk¶v_©x wQj| Zb¥‡a¨ 4372 Rb mvaviY we`¨vj‡q I
2404 Rb wQj cvwievwiK we`¨vj‡q| RbmsL¨vi Abycv‡Z we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_©x msL¨v wQj 73
R‡b 1 Rb|
gywk©`vev` kni I D³ cvuPwU _vbvq †gvU 354,099 Rb (eqm 14 eQ‡ii D‡aŸ© †gvU 21,911
Rb ¯^v¶i ev wkw¶Z †jvK wQj| wkw¶‡Zi nvi 6.1%|

†`kxq wk¶v Dbœq‡b G¨vWv‡gi mycvwik

DBwjqvg G¨vWvg g‡b K‡ib †h, †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v ΀wUc Y© n‡jI RvZxq wk¶v KvVv‡gv
MV‡b Zv wQj GKgvÎ wbwðZ wfwË| †QvU eo me iK‡gi †`kxq wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jv RbM‡Yi
PwiÎ I ˆewkó¨ Dbœq‡bi me‡P‡q Dchy³ evnb Ges G D‡Ï‡k¨ †`kxq cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡K Kv‡R
jvMv‡bv me‡P‡q mnR, wbivc`, RbwcÖq I me‡P‡q djcÖm cÖKí| GRb¨ G¨vWvg Zvui Z…Zxq
weeiYx‡Z †`kxq wk¶v cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi ms¯‹vi I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wb‡¤œv³ KZK¸‡jv mywPwšÍZ I
mywbw`©ó mycvwik †ck K‡ib|

1| cÖ_gZt GK ev GKvwaK †Rjv‡K wbe©vwPZ K‡i cix¶vg jKfv‡e cwiKíbv MÖnY

Ki‡Z n‡e|
2| Kg †ewk Zvui Abym„Z cš’vq wbe©vwPZ †Rjv ev †Rjv¸‡jvi wk¶v msµvšÍ e¨vcK Z_¨
msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
3| wk¶K I wk¶v_©xi e¨env‡i Rb¨ AvaywbK fviZxq cvV¨ cy¯ÍK iPbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
4| cÖwZ †Rjvq cwiKíbvi cÖavb wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e GKRb cix¶K wb‡qvM Ki‡Z
n‡e| Zvui `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ n‡e Zvui GjvKvi Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv, wk¶K‡`i mv‡_ wgwjZ
I cwiwPZ nIqv, cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki e¨envi e¨vL¨v Kiv, cix¶v cwiPvjbv Kiv, cvwi‡ZvwlK
I cyi®‹vi weZiY Kiv Ges mdjZvi mv‡_ Dbœqb cwiKíbv cwiPvjbv Kiv|
5| wk¶K‡`i g‡a¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK weZiY K‡i Aa¨q‡bi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cix¶v
MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g K…ZKvh© wk¶K‡`i cyi®‹vi †`qvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| G¨vWvg wk¶Y
we`¨vjq (Normal School) cÖwZôvi mycvwik K‡ib| GLv‡b wk¶KMY 4 eQi a‡i
cÖwZ eQi 1 gvm n‡Z 3 gvm Aa¨qb Ki‡eb hv‡Z Qv·`i Amyweav bv K‡i Zvuiv
Zvu‡`i †hvM¨Zvi Dbœqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 9

wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

6| wk¶K hv‡Z bejä Ávb Qv·`i cÖ`vb K‡ib G Rb¨ Zv‡`i Drmvn w`‡Z n‡e|
wk¶KMY Qv·`i cix¶v MÖnY K‡i cyi®‹vi cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡eb|
7| MÖvgv‡ji we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Rwg cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wk¶KMY MÖv‡g
¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡i wk¶v`b Kv‡h© AvZœwb‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| †Kv_v †_‡K Gme
Rwgi `vb Avm‡Z cv‡i G¨vWvg Zvui wi‡cv‡U© K‡qKwU Dr‡miI D‡jøL K‡ib|

DBwjqvg G¨vWv‡gi mycvwik¸‡jv wbtm‡›`‡n mywPwšÍZ I g~j¨evb wQj| G¸‡jv h_vh_

ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g †`kxq wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi cybiæ¾xeb Ki‡Z cvi‡j †`‡ki wk¶v e¨e¯’vi
mwZ¨Kvi DbœwZ n‡Zv| wKš‘ eojv‡Ui wbe©vnx cwil‡`i AvBb m`m¨ I GCPI Gi mfvcwZ jW©
†gK‡j †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v cybiæ¾xe‡bi cwie‡Z© cvðvZ¨ wk¶v cÖe©Z‡bi c‡¶ gZ cÖKvk
K‡ib| eojvU jW© †ew›UsK G¨vWv‡gi cwiKíbvi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb bv K‡i †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v‡K
G‡Kev‡i evwZj K‡i †`‡k Bs‡iRx wk¶vi cÖPjb K‡ib|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 10

 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.2

mwVK Dˇi cv‡k wUK wPý (
) w`b|
1| DBwjqvg G¨vWvg Zvui Rixc KvR †k‡l KqwU wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib?
(K) 3wU
(L) 4wU
(M) 5wU
(N) 6wU
2| †Kvb AÂj‡K †K›`ª K‡i G¨vWvg Z_¨bymÜvb K‡i Zvui cÖ_g wi‡cvU© †ck K‡ib?
(K) gywk©`vev`
(L) `w¶Y wenvi
(M) evsjv I wenvi
(N) exif‚wg

3| bv‡Uvi _vbvq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v KZ wQj?

(K) 27wU
(L) 30wU
(M) 35wU
(N) 40wU

4| cvwievwiK we`¨vjqmn evsjv I wenv‡i we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v KZ wQj?

(K) cÂvk nvRvi
(L) Avwk nvRvi
(M) 1 j¶ 25 nvRvi
(N) †`o j¶

5| cÖwZ †Rjvq cwiKíbvi wbev©nx Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e Kx wb‡qvM Kivi cÖ¯Íve M„nxZ nq?
(K) GKRb cwi`k©K
(L) GKRb mwPe
(M) GKRb cix¶K
(N) GKRb cwiPvjK

6| Kv‡`i e¨env‡ii Rb¨ G¨vWvg AvaywbK fviZxq fvlvq cvV¨ cy¯‘K iPbv Kivi mycvwik
K‡ib?
(K) wk¶‡Ki Rb¨
(L) wk¶v_x©‡`i Rb¨
(M) wk¶v_x© I wk¶‡Ki Rb¨
(N) AwffveK‡`i Rb¨
7| MÖv‡gi ¯‹z‡ji wk¶KMY hv‡Z ¯’vbxqfv‡e emevm K‡i wkï-wk¶vq g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Z
cv‡i †m Rb¨ G¨vWvg ¯‹zj‡K wK cÖ`vb Kivi mycvwik K‡ib?
(K) Pvu`v
(L) RwgRgv
(M) Lv`¨km¨
(N) Aby`vb
8| G¨vWvg †Kvb ai‡bi we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi mycvwik K‡ib?

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 11

wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

(K) cÖwk¶Y we`¨vjq

(L) mvaviY we`¨vjq
(M) KvwiMix we`¨vjq
(N) bg©vj we`¨vjq

9| Kvi Abym„Z cš’vq G¨vWvg Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖ¯Íve †`b?

(K) wbR Abym„Z cš’vq
(L) gyb‡iv Abym„Z cš’vq
(M) †gK‡j Abym„Z cš’vq
(N) g¨vjKg Abym„Z cš’vq

10| G¨vWv‡gi †`kx Dbœq‡bi cwiKíbv †K evwZj K‡ib?

(K) jW© †gK‡j
(L) Ugvm gyb‡iv
(M) jW© †ew›UsK
(N) jW© Wvj‡nŠwm

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 12

 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

cvV 1.3 wk¶vi BwZnvm cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi msÁv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

wk¶vi BwZnvm cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AZxZ Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q AÁvZ| Avgiv eZ©gvbKv‡j evm Kwi Ges eZ©gvb‡KB Rvwb| Z‡e
eZ©gvb‡K eyS‡Z n‡j AZxZ‡K Rvbv `iKvi| e¯‘Z BwZnvmB AZx‡Zi m‡½ Avgv‡`i cwiPq
Kwi‡q †`q| ZvB BwZnvm‡K AZxZ NUbvi BwZe„Ë ejv n‡q _v‡K| e¨vcK A‡_© AZx‡Z hv
N‡U‡Q ZvB BwZnvm| ˆeÁvwbK cÖ_vq msM„nxZ Z‡_¨i wePvi-we‡kølY, msMVb I mg¤^q Øviv
gvbe RvwZi AZxZ weeZ©‡bi †h avivevwnK Awe‡”Q`¨ Pjgvb cÖMwZi weeiY msMÖn Kiv hvq
ZvB BwZnvm bv‡g cwiwPZ| AZx‡Zi hv wKQy msi¶Y Kiv n‡q‡Q †Kej ZvB eZ©gvbKv‡ji
gvby‡li c‡¶ Rvbv m¤¢e| AZxZ NUbvi †Kv‡bv iw¶Z wb`©kb‡KB BwZnv‡mi welqe¯‘ e‡j a‡i
†bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
†Kv‡bv †`‡ki BwZnvm ej‡Z †mB †`‡ki AZxZ hy‡Mi mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi Z_¨c~Y©
avivevwnK weeiYB †evSvq| GB BwZnv‡m ïay ivRv, mgªvU I gš¿x‡`i Kvwnbx wjwce× nq bv−
ivR‰bwZK MwZaviv‡K †K›`ª K‡i gvby‡li mgvR, A_©bxwZ, agx©q AvPvi-Abyôvb, wk¶v I
ms¯‹…wZi cwic~Y© weeiY mwbœ‡ewkZ nq| A_©vr BwZnv‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv †`k, gvbyl, ¯’vb
Kvj, †`k Ges mgvR †f‡` gvbe RvwZi µgweeZ©‡bi BwZnvm| BwZnvm ïaygvÎ NUbv bq,
NUbvi ˆeÁvwbK e¨vL¨vB nj BwZnvm|
wk¶vi BwZnvm BwZnv‡mi GKwU cÖavb Ask| gvbe mgv‡Ri wk¶vi Z_¨ I ZË¡ m¤^wjZ
weeiY‡K mvaviY A‡_© wk¶vi BwZnvm ejv nq¦| e¨vcK A‡_© wk¶vi BwZnvm ej‡Z mf¨Zvi
DlvjMœ †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i eZ©gvbKvj ch©šÍ wewfbœ mgq wewfbœ †`‡k I mgv‡R wk¶vi †h weKvk
I DbœwZ mvwaZ n‡q G‡m‡Q Zvi Av‡jvPbv‡KB eySvq| A_©vr gvbe RvwZi weKv‡ki cÖvgvY¨
weeiYB n‡jv wk¶vi BwZnvm|
gvbe Rxe‡bi mvgwMÖK Kvh©vejx BwZnv‡mi AšÍf©~³| Gme Kvh©vejx ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK,
mvs¯‹…wZK I ag©ZvwË¡K n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Gme gvb`‡Ûi g~j K_v nj wk¶v| GKwU RvwZi
mf¨Zvi gvb, Zvi ms¯‹…wZ, `k©b fveaviv I ˆeÁvwbK AbymwÜrmv mewKQyi Avw` K_v nj wk¶v|
wk¶v ØvivB GKwU RvwZ ev mgvR DbœZ nq Avevi wk¶vnxbZvi `iæY Zvi AatcZb nq A_©vr
wk¶vi Afv‡e †h †Kvb RvwZ ev mgvR ÁvbvÜKv‡i wbgw¾Z _v‡K Ges Bnvi BwZnvm ej‡ZI
†Zgb wKQy _v‡K bv| myZivs wk¶v I BwZnvm‡i ci®úi m¤úK©hy³| GKwU AciwUi mnvqK I
m¤úyiK|
wk¶K cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i cvV¨ ZvwjKvq wk¶vi BwZnvm‡K GKwU Avewk¨K cvV¨ welq wnmv‡e
cÖeZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi wcQ‡b A‡bK hyw³ i‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb n‡jv AZx‡Zi mšÍvb| AvaywbK
wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi Dci AZx‡Zi cÖfve Ab¯^xKvh©| ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm A‡c¶v ms¯‹…wZMZ
BwZnv‡mi MwZaviv A‡bK †ewk my`„p| GB MwZaviv‡K gy‡Q †djv ev Gi Dci ˆecøweK cwieZ©b
wb‡q Avmv mnRmva¨ e¨vcvi bq| ZeyI wk¶vi AMÖMwZ I hy‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i gvbyl
cÖ‡qvRbwfwËK wk¶v e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zv‡j| eZ©gv‡b Avgiv Ggb GKUv hy‡Mi mwܶ‡Y †cŠu‡Q †MwQ
hLb Avgv‡`i wk¶v‡¶‡Î ˆecøweK cwieZ©b wb‡q Avmv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| Avgv‡`i mvgvwRK I
A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v AvR Pig wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb| G‡K Dbœq‡bi c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_g
cÖ‡qvRb n‡e wk¶v avivi cwieZ©b|

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 13

wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

G m¤ž‡K© Avgv‡`i h_vh_fv‡e w`K wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z cv‡i AZx‡Zi BwZnvm| AZx‡Z GKUv
wbw`©ó cwiw¯’wZ‡Z M‡o D‡VwQj ˆew`K I eªv²vb¨ wk¶v e¨e¯’v| Zvi Ae¶‡qi c‡_ G‡mwQj
†eŠ× wk¶v e¨e¯’v| L„óªxq mßg kZ‡K Avi‡ei ey‡K Bmjvg a‡g©i Avwef©v‡ei ci gymwjg RvwZ
Áv‡bi Av‡jvK ewZ©Kv enb K‡i w`Kw`M‡šÍ be be Av‡jvK iwk¥ we”QzwiZ Ki‡Z _v‡K|
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`kI gymwjg RvwZi Avcb ˆewkó¨gwÛZ wk¶v e¨e¯’vi gnvb HwZ‡n¨i ms¯ú‡k©
Av‡m| weªwUk Dcwb‡ewkK kvmb Avg‡j bZzb bZzb wk¶v e¨e¯’v G †`‡k cÖewZ©Z n‡qwQj|
AvaywbK wk¶v e¨e¯’v‡K bZzb K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z †M‡j AZx‡Zi †mB we‡kl we‡kl Ae¯’v¸wj‡K
hvPvB Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨_vq Avgv‡`i gnvb HwZn¨ †_‡K wePz¨Z nIqvi m¤¢vebv †_‡K hvq|
Aciw`‡K AvaywbK †cÖ¶vc‡U Avgv‡`i wk¶v e¨e¯’v‡K iƒc w`‡Z n‡j ïaygvÎ Avgv‡`i †`‡ki
wk¶vi BwZnvm Rvb‡jB Pj‡e bv| eZ©gv‡b hyM wkí, cÖhyw³ I weÁv‡bi hyM hv mf¨Zv‡K GK
bZzb c‡_ cÖevwnZ K‡i‡Q| G mf¨Zvi m‡½ mvgÄm¨ ivLvi Rb¨B c„w_exi DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi
wk¶vavivI Avgv‡`i Rvb‡Z n‡e|
Avevi cªvPxbKvj n‡Z wPšÍvwe`MY wk¶v m¤^‡Ü hyMc‡hvMx bvbv gZev` e¨³ K‡i wM‡q‡Qb|
GKUv wbw`©ó hy‡Mi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zvu‡`i wPšÍv I †Póv †Kgb wQj Ges †m Abymv‡i AvR‡Ki
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †m wPšÍvaviv‡K KZUzKz Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq ZvI wePvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
d‡j, wk¶vi BwZnv‡m we‡`kx wk¶v e¨e¯’v I wk¶vwe`‡`i wPšÍv I cÖ‡Póv ¯’vb jvf K‡i‡Q Ges
Gme wk¶v cybM©V‡bi †¶‡Î AZ¨šÍ g~j¨evb| wk¶vi BwZnvm †_‡K Avgiv Gme Rvb‡Z cvwi
Ges †`‡ki Kv‡R myweavgZ jvMv‡Z cvwi|
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Zzj‡Z n‡j wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi Ávb Acwinvh©| wk¶vi AZxZ HwZn¨gq BwZnvmB Avgv‡`i
eZ©gvb iæwP, AwfÁZv I wPšÍvaviv‡K cwiï× I eZ©gvb cwigvwR©Z K‡i RvZxq KvVv‡gv‡Z bZzb
I AvaywbK wk¶v e¨e¯’v iƒcvq‡Y h_vh_ Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i|
AvaywbKKv‡j wk¶KZv GKwU gh©v`vc~Y© †ckv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| GB †ckvMZ AwfÁZv‡K
mg„w×kvjx Kivi Rb¨ AZx‡Zi wewfbœ mgv‡Ri wk¶ve¨e¯’v I wk¶vwe`‡`i wPšÍvfvebv
cÖwk¶YiZ wk¶K‡`i Rvbv GKvšÍ Avek¨K| wk¶vi BwZnvm cvV K‡i Zv‡`i c‡¶ AZxZ
Kv‡ji wewfbœ mgvR e¨e¯’vi wk¶v c×wZ, wk¶vwe`, L¨vZbvgv `vk©wbK‡`i gZev` I wewfbœ
ev¯Íeagx© wk¶vi bxwZ m¤^‡Ü mg¨K Ávb jvf Kiv m¤¢e nq|
¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v bZzbfv‡e web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| RvwZi Avkv AvKvsLvi j‡¶¨ †h wk¶vi
iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv ev¯Íevq‡bi `vwqZ¡ wk¶K‡`iB| Zv‡`i †ckvMZ cÖ¯‘wZ,
AwfÁZv Ges gvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wk¶vi BwZnvm Rvbv `iKvi| †Uªwbs K‡jR I `~i wk¶‡Yi
gva¨‡g we.GW cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i †ckvMZ Pvwn`v we‡ePbv K‡i Ges fwel¨‡Z Zv‡`i AwfÁ wk¶K
I wk¶vwe` wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶¨ wk¶vi BwZnvm‡K GKwU Avewk¨K welqiƒ‡c cvV¨µ‡g
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Zvrch©c~Y©|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 14

 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.3

mwVK Dˇi cv‡k wUK wPý (
) w`b|
1| BwZnv‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb wK?
(K) †`k
(L) Kvj
(M) gvbyl
(N) me¸‡jvB

2| wk¶vi BwZnv‡m Kx Kx m‡bœ‡ewkZ nq?

(K) gvby‡li mgvR
(L) A_©bxwZ
(M) ag©xq AvPvi-Abyôvb
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3| wk¶K cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i cvV¨ ZvwjKvq wk¶vi BwZnvm Kx ai‡bi cvV¨ welq?
(K) Avewk¨K
(L) Abvwewk¨K
(M) Hw”QK
(N) †KvbwUB bq

4| Avi‡ei ey‡K Bmjvg a‡g©i Avwe©fve nq KZ kZ‡K?

(K) mßg kZ‡K
(L) cÂg kZ‡K
(M) PZz_© kZ‡K
(N) Z…Zxq kZ‡K

5| wk¶KZv †Kvb ai‡bi †ckv?

(K) Aghv`©vc~Y© †ckv
(L) gh©v`vc~Y© †ckv
(M) ¸iæZ¡nxb †ckv
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¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 15

wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

cvV 1.4 wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb¸wji bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi Dcv`b¸wj eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Z_¨c~Y© wek` weiiY wb‡q †Kv‡bv †`‡ki cwic~Y© avivevwnK KvjvbyµwgK
BwZnvm iwPZ| cÖvPxb fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki wjwLZ †Kv‡bv BwZnvm †bB| Z‡e wjwLZ
BwZnv‡mi Afve _vK‡jI BwZnv‡mi Dcv`v‡bi †Kv‡bv Afve G †`‡k †bB| cÖZœZvwË¡K wb`k©b,
wkjvwjwc, Zvgªwjwc, gy`ªv I ZrKvjxb wjwLZ bvbvwea MÖš’ †_‡K BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb msMÖn Ki‡Z
cvwi| GQvovI ¯’vcZ¨ wkí, fv¯‹h© wkí, gmwR`, gw›`i BZ¨vw` wb`k©b †_‡KI Avgiv
BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb †c‡Z cvwi|

wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi cÖ_g I cÖavb Drm wn‡m‡e cÖvPxb Avg‡j wjwLZ mvwnZ¨vw`i D‡j­L‡hvM¨
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kv¯¿, bvUK, Kve¨MÖš’v`x BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi mgvR, mf¨Zv I wk¶v m¤ú‡K© eû g~j¨evb
Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| Avevi L„óªxq Aóg kZ‡K fviZe‡l© gymjgvb‡`i AvMgb N‡U| agx©q
Aby‡cÖiYvi d‡j gymjgvbMY cÖ_g †_‡KB wk¶v we¯Ív‡i eªZx nq| Bmjv‡g wk¶vi Øvi RvwZag©
wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji Rb¨ Db¥y³| Bmjv‡g wk¶vi g~j wfwË n‡jv wek¦MÖš’ Avj †Kvivb Ges gnvbex
(`t) Gi Agxq evYx nvw`m| A_©vr †Kvivb I nvw`m Avgv‡`i wk¶vi Ab¨Zg cÖavb Drm|
wØZxqZt wkjvwjwc, Zvgªwjwc I bvbvwea Abykvmb‡K wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi Ab¨Zg Dcv`vb ejv
P‡j| wjwci e¨envi GK mgq Rbwk¶vi c_‡K myMg K‡iwQj| Z…ZxqZ cÖvPxbKv‡ji ¯’vcZ¨
wkí, fv¯‹h©wkí, Kjv cÖf…wZ e¨envwiK wk¶vi K_v cÖKvk K‡i| g‡n‡Äv`v‡ov I niàvi bvMwiK
mf¨Zv †_‡K Dcgnv‡`k e¨envwiK wk¶vi ev¯Íe Avfvm cvIqv hvq| Gme wb`k©b wbtm‡›`‡n
wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi Ag~j¨ Dcv`vb|
Z…ZxqZt cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi wk¶v †K‡›`ªi weeiY I A‡bK¸wj aŸsmve‡kl msi¶Y Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G¸wjI wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi Ag~j¨ Dcv`vb| Z¶kxjv, bvj›`v, weµgkxjv, Fwl-Avkª‡gi weeiY
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wbhvwgqv wek¦we`¨vjq, Avj AvRnvi I K‡W©vfv wek¦we`¨vjq Bmjvgx wk¶v †K‡›`ªi g~j¨evb
wb`k©b enb Ki‡Q|
PZz_©Zt wjwLZ weeiYx wk¶vi BZnv‡mi g~j¨evb Dcv`vb| Gme wewPÎ Drm †_‡K Avgv‡`i
wk¶vi my`„p wfwË, Zvi cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii BwZK_v AeMZ nIqv hvq| c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg
mf¨‡`k¸wji g‡a¨ fviZxq Dcgnv‡`k Ab¨Zg| cÖvPxb hyM †_‡KB G‡`‡k GK ai‡bi wk¶v
KvVv‡gv M‡o D‡VwQj| wk¶vi gva¨‰g gvby‡li ms¯‹…wZMZ ˆewkó¨ AvZœcÖKvk K‡i| †Kv‡bv
†`‡ki wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ mgKvjxb RbmgvR, cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ekMZ cÖfve, †fŠMwjK cÖfve, ag© I
Rxeb `k©‡bi cÖfve †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i bv| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wk¶v †¶‡ÎI Giƒc
wewPÎ cÖfve we`¨gvb|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 16

 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.4

mwVK Dˇi cv‡k wUK wPý (
) w`b|
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(K) wk¶Kiv
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2| wk¶vi BwZnvm cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx?

(K) ivR‰bwZK Dbœq‡i Rb¨
(L) A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
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(N) wk¶vavivi Dbœqb I cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨

3| wb‡Pi †KvbwU wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi Dcv`vb bq?

(K) ivR‰bwZK weeiY
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(N) wkjvwjwc

4| cÖvPxbKv‡ji fv¯‹h©wkí, ¯’vcZ¨ wkí †Kvb ai‡bi wk¶vi K_v cÖKvk K‡i?
(K) my›`i g‡bi wk¶v
(L) e¨envwiK wk¶v
(M) `vk©wbK wk¶v
(N) Rxebe¨vcx wk¶v

5| †Kv‡bv †`‡ki wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZ †KvbwUi wbf©ikxj?

(K) a‡g©i Dci wbf©ikxj
(L) Rxeb `k©‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj
(M) †fŠMwjK Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj
(N) RbmgvR, cÖK…wZ, cwi‡ek, †fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb ag© I Rxeb `k©‡bi Dci
wbf©ikxj|

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 17

wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

cvV 1.5 cweÎ †Kviv‡b wk¶vi ¸iæZ¡

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

G cvV Aa¨qb K‡i cweÎ †Kviv‡b wk¶vi cÖwZ †h ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|

1| †Kviv‡bi me©cÖ_g AeZxY© Avqv‡Zi A_©

mgMÖ gvbe RvwZi cÖwZ Avjøvni cÖ_g Av‡`k A_©vr cweÎ †Kviv‡bi cÖ_g AeZx©Y AvqvZ n‡jv,
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Avgv‡`i Rvbv †bB|
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wk¶vi Dci me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Q| cweÎ †Kvivb kix‡d c‡ov GB wb‡`©k me©cÖKvi
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DcjwäKiY Ges ev¯Íe Rxe‡b Zv Kv‡R jvwM‡q mv_©K Rxebhvcb KiviB ZvwM`|
c‡ov A_©vr ÁvbvniY K‡iv| †Kbbv ÁvbB Kj¨vY| GKgvÎ ÁvbB gvbyl‡K Zvi mË¡v Dcjwä
Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i; KZ©e¨ wba©vi‡Y mnvqK nq| Áv‡bi cÖwZôv KivB Zvi c„w_exi me©kw³i
Ici cÖvavb¨ we¯Ívi Kiv m¤¢e nq| ZvB ÁvbvR©b‡K Avjøvn Avgv‡`i Rb¨ dih ev Aek¨KiYxq
Kv‡Ri AšÍf‚©³ K‡i w`‡q‡Qb|

2| wk¶v m‡K© AeZxY© Ab¨vb¨ KwZcq AvqvZ

Ávb AR©‡bi Dci †Kviv‡bi AmsL¨ evYx i‡q‡Q| Ávb I wk¶vi wewfbœ w`K m¤ú‡K© GB mKj
evYx‡Z Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb †n cÖfz, Avgvi Ávb ewa©Z K‡i `vI| GLv‡b wk¶v Øviv
m„„wóZË¡ D`NvU‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Ávb gvby‡li AvwËK weKv‡ki nvwZqvi| GB nvwZqvi Øviv
gvbyl †h †Kv‡bv wel‡qi aviYv ev AšÍ©`„wó jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| gvbyl Gi Øviv wel‡qi Mfx‡i
cÖ‡ek K‡i Gi AšÍwb©wnZ Zvrch© eyS‡Z m¶g nq| Áv‡bi kw³Øviv gvbyl Zvi mËv Dcjwä
Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Rxe‡bi mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i| Ávb ïaye¨w³i Avw_©K DbœwZ
weavb K‡i bv eis RvMwZK cÖ‡qvR‡bI Avjøvn gvbyl‡K Ávb AR©‡bi ¶gZv w`‡q‡Qb| GB
¶gZv Øviv gvbyl Avjøvni m„wói in‡m¨i Øvi D`NvUb Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB gvbe Rxeb‡K mv_©K
K‡i †Zvjevi Rb¨B c‡ov GB †kªô evYxi gva¨‡g wek¦ gvbeZvi cÖwZ Avjøvn Ávb AR©‡bi
Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb|
cweÎ †Kviv‡b AviI ejv n‡q‡Q, †Zvgvi Ávb bv _vK‡j Ávbx e¨w³‡K wRÁvmv K‡iv| hviv
Ávbx Avjøvn Zv‡`i D”Pvm‡b mgvmxb Ki‡eb| hviv Rv‡b Zviv Kx hviv Rv‡b bv Zv‡`i mgvb?
GLv‡b Áv‡bi K_vB ejv n‡q‡Q|
†Kviv‡bi D`vi `„wófw½ gvby‡li Ávb AR©‡bi c_‡K myMg K‡i‡Q| †Kvivb my¯úófv‡e wb‡`©k
w`‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i cÖwZ hv AeZxY© n‡q‡Q G‡Z Ges Avgv‡`i c~e©eZx©‡`i cÖwZ hv AeZxY© n‡qwQj
Zv‡ZI Avgiv wek¦vm †cvlY Kwi| Gfv‡e †Kvivb me mZ¨, me wk¶v I Áv‡bi cÖwZ kª×vkxj
nIqvi wb‡`©k w`‡”Q Ges †hLv‡b hv wKQy fv‡jv, hv wKQy gnr I hv wKQy MÖnYxq I wk¶Yxq Zv
MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ w`‡”Q my¯úó ZvwM`| GB ZvwM‡`i d‡jB gymjgvb RvwZ Ávb weÁv‡bi PP©vq AvK…ó
n‡q c„w_exi Ávb fvÛv‡i Ae`vb ivL‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj|

Áv‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl †h D”P gh©v`vi AwaKvix †Kviv‡bi GKwU NUbv †_‡K Zv mn‡RB cÖZxqgvb
nq| m„wói cÖ_‡gB Avjøvn †d‡ikZv‡`i ûKzg w`‡qwQ‡jb gvbe RvwZi Avw`g wcZv nhiZ

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 18

 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

Av`g‡K m¤§vb c~e©K †mR`v w`‡Z| Zvi GKgvÎ KviY wQj Ávb I wk¶v| myiv evKviv‡Z GB
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†hUzKz Avgv‡`i wk¶v w`‡q‡Qv, Zvi †ewk Avgiv Rvwb bv|Ó ZLb Avjøvn Av`g‡K cÖwZwU wel‡qi
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†_‡K Ávb jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|
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GB `„óvšÍ Áv‡bi gvnvË I wk¶vi †kªôZ¡ cÖgvwYZ nq| Avi GB Aby‡cÖiYv †_‡K gvbe RvwZ
Ávb mvabv I wk¶v we¯Ív‡ii eªZ MÖnY K‡i|
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myiv‡q Av‡jv‡K Avjøvn e‡j‡Qb,cvV K‡iv †Zvgvi cÖfzi bv‡g whwb mªóv I kvmbKZ©v, whwb
gvbyl‡K GK we›`y RgvU i³ n‡Z m„w÷ K‡i‡Qb, cvV K‡iv A_©vr Ávb AR©b K‡iv, †Zvgvi
cÖwZcvjK gnvgwngvw¤^Z whwb gvbyl‡K Kj‡gi Øviv wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb hv †m RvbZ bv, Zv Zv‡K
wkwL‡q‡Qb| GB Avqv‡Z me© cÖ_g Ávb A‡š^lY I we`¨v AR©‡bi ZvwM` i‡q‡Q| whwb mgMÖ m„wó
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†_‡K, Avi †mB Áv‡bi gva¨g n‡jv Kjg ev Ávb PP©v| Gme DwjøwLZ AvqvZmm~‡n gvbe m„wói
inm¨, Avjøvn cv‡Ki cwiwPwZ, m„ó RMZ I mªóvi mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤úK©, Áv‡bi Drm, Áv‡bi
gva¨g, mg¯Í m„wó RM‡Z gvby‡li gh©v`v I m¤§vb, RvMwZK DbœwZ mvab I AMÖMwZ jv‡fi cš’v
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Aby‡cÖiYv †hvMvq|

3| Áv‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e †Kvivb

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Zvi kvLv cÖkvLv Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwUi g~j Dcv`v‡bi mÜvb wg‡j gnvMÖš’ Avj †Kviv‡b| Ávb
weÁv‡bi PP©vi cÖwZ wb‡`©k w`‡q gnvb Avjøvn e‡jb, wbðqB Avmgvb I Rwg‡bi m„wó Ges w`ev
I ivwÎi AveZ©‡bi g‡a¨ Ávbx‡`i Rb¨ wb`©kb i‡q‡Q, hviv `Ûvqgvb, kvwqZ I emve¯’vq
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fvÛvi Db¥y³ Kivi g~j PvweKvwV n‡jv wk¶v|
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cÖ`xc cÖ¾¡wjZ n‡j wek¦evmx jvf K‡ivj GK c~Yv©½ Rxeb weavb, GK bZzb Rxeb `k©b| NygšÍ
gvbyl Ávb mvabvi I wk¶v we¯Ív‡ii eªZ MÖnY Ki‡jv|

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 19

 wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.5

mwVK Dˇi cv‡k wUK wPý (
) w`b|
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(K) L„óvb
(L) †eŠ×
(M) evB‡ej
(N) Bmjvg

2| gvbyl‡li mË¡v Dcjwä Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i−

(K) weÁvb
(L) Ávb
(M) wPšÍvkw³
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3| Avjøvn Avgv‡`i Rb¨ dih ev Aek¨KiYxq Kv‡Ri AšÍf‚©w³ K‡i‡Qb †Kvb&wU?

(K) ÁvbvR©b
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(M) we`¨v
(N) wPšÍv

4| †Kviv‡bi me© cÖ_g AeZxY© KqwU Avqv‡Z gvbyl‡K ÁvbPP©vi Rb¨ Avn&evb K‡i‡Qb?
(K) 3wU
(L) 4wU
(M) 5wU
(N) 2wU

5| Bmjvg Kx?
(K) Ac~Y© Rxeb weavb
(L) c~Y©v½ Rxeb
(M) Rxeb weavb
(N) AvswkK Rxeb weavb

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 20

 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

cvV 1.6 nvw`‡mi Av‡jv‡K wk¶v I Zvi ¸iæZ¡

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −

nvw`‡mi wk¶v m¤úwK©Z Dw³i Av‡jv‡K Avcwb Bmjv‡g wk¶vi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|

nhiZ gynv¤§` (`t) wek¦MÖš’ †Kviv‡bi aviK I evnK| GB MÖ‡š’i wb‡`©‡k nRiZ AvRxeb Zvui
K_vq I Kv‡R gvbyl‡K Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨ Avnevb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| wZwb hv KwQy e‡j‡Qb ev hv
K‡i‡Qb Ges †hme wel‡qi cÖwZ Zvui mg_©b cvIqv hvq †m¸wj‡K nvw`m e‡j| †ek msL¨K
nvw`m †_‡K Avgiv wk¶vi ¸iZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv m¤ú‡K© nhi‡Zi aviYv I gZev` Rvb‡Z
cvwi| GB cv‡V nvw`‡mi Av‡jv‡K wk¶vi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

mK‡ji Rb¨ wk¶v

†Kviv‡bi Aby‡cÖiYv I wb‡`©kbv gvbeRvwZ‡K Ávb weÁvb mvabvq D×z× K‡iwQj| nRiZ (`t)
I Zvui AmsL¨ evYx‡Z gvby‡li g‡b Ávb A‡š^l‡Yi cÖej ¯ú„nv RvwM‡q Zz‡jwQ‡jb| †Kviv‡bi
wb‡`©k wQj Ò†Zvgvi m„wó KZ©vi bv‡g c‡ov|Ó ZviB cÖwZaŸwb K‡i cÖwZwU gymjgvb bibvix Z_v
gvbe †Mvwôi D‡Ïk¨ nvw`‡mi Ag~j¨ Av‡`k ÒZvjvqveyj Gj‡g dwi`vZzb Avjv Kzjøx gym‡jgxb
Iqv gym‡jgvwZbÓ, A_©vr ÁvbvR©b Kiv ev we`¨v wk¶v Kiv cÖwZwU gymjgvb bibvixi Rb¨ diR
ev Aek¨ Ke©e¨ e‡j †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Bmjv‡gi bex e¨wZZ Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨ wek¦gvb‡ei D‡Ïk¨ Ggb †Rvi ZvwM` Avi †KDB `vb
K‡ibwb Ges mKj bibvixi Rb¨ wk¶v jvf Kiv‡e Ggwbfv‡e Aek¨ cvjbxq KZ©e¨ wn‡m‡e
wba©viY K‡i †`bwb|
†PŠÏkZ ermi c~‡e© †h mgq Avi‡ei ey‡K ¸wU K‡qK †jvK †jLvcov RvbZ Ges †m †¶‡Î
nRiZ (`t) wbi¶i wQ‡jb †mB cwi‡e‡k Ávb AR©b mK‡ji Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK− GB e³‡e¨
Zvui me©vaywbK g‡bvfv‡ei cwiPq cvIhv hvq| Ávb AR©b ev ÁvbPP©v ØvivB gvbyl c„w_ex‡Z †eu‡P
_vK‡Z cv‡i, fv‡jv I DbœZ Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs `yÔGKRb †jv‡Ki Rb¨ bq eiÂ
mK‡ji Rb¨ Ávb AR©b Avek¨K| mve©Rbxb I eva¨ZvgyjK wk¶vi Rb¨ GB ZvwM` gvbe
Kj¨vYeªZx nRiZ gyggþ‡`i (`t) c‡¶ AwZ ¯^vfvweK evYxB wQj|

wk¶vi cÖwZ ¸iZ¡

wk¶vi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i nRiZ AviI e³e¨ †i‡L‡Qb| †hgb− wk¶vi Øviv Avjøvni
ev›`v gn‡Z¡i Pi‡g DbœwZ nq, D”Pvmb cÖvß nq, `ywbqvi ivRb¨e‡M©i mvnvh¨ jvf K‡i|
ciKv‡ji cig my‡Li Rb¨ c~Y©Zv AR©b K‡i| wk¶v gvbyl‡K Kx wbwl× Avi Kx wbwl× bq Zv
eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| we×v‡bi Kvwj knx‡`i i‡³i †P‡qI cweÎ|
†h ÁvbvR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ M„n Z¨vM K‡i †m Avjøvni c‡_ wePiY K‡i| we×vb I ÁvbxMY bexM‡Yi
DËivaxKvix| ïay K_vq bq Zvui Kv‡Ri gv‡SI cÖwZ gh©v`v cwiùzU nq| e`‡ii hy‡× wZwb
wkw¶Z e›`xMY‡K wRw¤§ wn‡m‡e MY¨ bv K‡i Zv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K AšÍZ `kRb K‡i gw`bvi AÁi
Ávbnxb gymjgvb‡K wk¶v`vb Kivi k‡Z© gyw³ w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zv‡`i m¤§vbxq wk¶‡Ki c`
gh©v`vq f‚wlZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvui GB `„óvšÍ AbymiY K‡i nRi‡Zi mvnvevMY Áv‡bi Abykxjb
Øviv wk¶v †¶‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L †h‡Z mg_© n‡qwQ‡jb|

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 21

wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

Avevi wb‡R Ávb jvf K‡i‡jB Pj‡e bv| cÖwZ‡ekx‡K wk¶v †`Iqv †h gymjgv‡bi KZ©e¨ G
m¤ú‡K©I nhi‡Zi wb‡`©k i‡q‡Q; †hgb wZwb e‡j‡Qb, me©v‡c¶v DËg `vb n‡jv †Kv‡bv
gymjgvb e¨w³ Ávb wk¶v Ki‡e; AZtci Zv Zvi Aci fvB‡K wk¶v †`‡e|
Ávbv‡š^l‡Y †h K‡Vvi Aa¨emvq, wbijm mvabv, Aweivg cÖ‡Póv AK¬všÍ kªg ˆah© I Z¨vM
wZZx¶vi cÖ‡qvRb, †m K_vI wZwb we‡klfv‡e ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb| ZrKv‡j my`~i Pxb †`‡k
wQj Ávb weÁv‡b AwZ DbœZ I mgy× †`k| ZvB wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Ávbv‡š^l‡Y Ki hw` Zv Pxb
†`‡kB nDK bv †Kb|

nvw`‡m Ávb A‡š^l‡Yi Aby‡cÖiYv

Ávb A‡š^l‡Yi cÖwZ nRi‡Zi (`t) †hfv‡e ZvwM` K‡i‡Qb, Zv Zvui mvnvev‡q †Kivg‡`i IciI
†ek cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡iwQj| Ávb AR©b, we`¨v wk¶v I Ávb mvabvq Zvuiv we‡klfv‡e AbycÖvYxZ
n‡qwQ‡jb| Gu‡`i g‡a¨ gvqvR Be‡b Rvevj, Avãyjvn Be‡b gvmD`, nRiZ Avjx, nhiZ
Avbvm cÖgyL cÖavb| Guiv †Kviv‡bi e¨vL¨v we‡kølY I gnvbexi (`t) nv`xm msi¶‡Y Rxeb
AwZevwnZ K‡ib| Zvu‡`i mg¯Í mvnvev‡q †KvivgB Gi gnvb `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡i‡Qb|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 22

 †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.6

mwVK Dˇi cv‡k wUK wPý (
) w`b|
1| wek¦MÖš’ †Kviv‡bi aviK I evnK−
(K) nhiZ gynv¤§` (`t)
(L) nhiZ gymv (Avt)
(M) nhiZ Cmv (Avt)
(N) nhiZ Igi (Avt)

2| †Kvb MÖ‡š’i wb‡`©‡k nhiZ gynv¤§` (`t) Zvui K_vqI Kv‡R gvbyl‡K Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨
Avn&evb Rvwb‡q‡Qb?
(K) †Kvivb
(L) evB‡ej
(M) MxZv
(N) wn›`y

3| Avi‡ei ey‡K ¸wU K‡qK †jvK †jLvcov RvbZ KZ mv‡j?

(K) 1400 ermi c~‡e©
(L) 120 ermi c~‡e©
(M) 1300 ermi c~‡e©
(N) 1500 ermi c~‡e©

4| knx‡`i i‡³i †P‡qI cweÎ−

(K) we×v‡bi Kvwj
(L) g~‡L©¨i Kvwj
(M) cx‡ii Kvwj
(N) AvDwjqvi Kvwj

5| nhiZ gynv¤§` (`t) wb‡`©k wQj−

(K) cÖwZ‡ekx‡K wk¶v †`qv
(L) Mixe‡`i wk¶v †`qv
(M) AvZœxq‡`i wk¶v †`qv
(N) AbvZœxq‡`i wk¶v †`qv

PP’ovšÍ g~j¨vqb − BDwbU 1

GB BDwbU cvV K‡i Avcwb welqe¯‘ KZUzKz eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Zv g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wb‡¤œi cÖkœ¸wji
DËi wjLyb|
msw¶ß I iPbv g~jK cÖkœ
1| gvbe RvwZi cÖwZ Avjøvni cÖ_g Av‡`k Kx wQj?
2| †Kvivb gvbyl‡K Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kx Aby‡cÖiYv w`‡q‡Q?
3| †Kvb nvw`‡m wk¶v m¤ú‡K© nRi‡Zi mve©Rbxb g‡bvfv‡ei cwiPq cvIqv hvq?
4| nvw`‡mi Dw³i Av‡jv‡K wk¶vi ¸iæZ¡ wbY©q Kiæb|
5| †Kvivb‡K Áv‡bi Drm ejv nq †Kb?

¯‹zj Ae GwMÖKvjPvi GÛ iæivj †W‡fjc‡g›U 23

wkÿvi BwZnvm 1

6| mve©Rbxb wk¶v m¤ú‡K© nRiZ gyn¤§‡`i (`t) e³e¨ Kx?

7| nRiZ gyn¤§‡`i (`t) mvnvexMY Kxfv‡e Ávb A‡š^l‡Y D×z× n‡qwQ‡jb?
8| †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vq D”P wk¶v we`¨vjq¸‡jv KZ iKg wQj I Kx Kx?
9| †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vq D”P wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ wK ai‡bi wk¶v cÖwZôvb cÖwZôv wQj?
10| wKfv‡e eviZxq Ôc‡ov-m`©viÕ cÖ_v Bsj¨v‡Û Kv‡R jvMv‡bv n‡qwQj? G c×wZ wK bv‡g
cwiwPZ wQj?
11| †`kx wk¶vi gva¨‡g RvZxq wk¶vi eywbqv` iPbv m¤¢e wQj wKbv−G m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨
Kiæb|
12| evsjv I wenvi cÖ‡`‡ki wk¶v Kwgkbvi wnmv‡e DBwjqvg G¨vWvg KqwU wi‡cvU© †ck
K‡ib I Kx Kx? eY©bv Kiæb|
13| DBwjqvg G¨vWv‡gi cÖ_g wi‡cv‡U© evsjv I wenv‡i †gvU †jvKmsL¨v I we`¨vj‡qi
msL¨v KZ wQj? ms‡¶‡c wjwce× Kiæb|
14| DBwjqvg G¨vWg Zvui Z…Zxq wi‡cv‡U© evsjv I wenv‡ii †Kvb †Kvb cvuPwU †Rjvi
cwimsL¨vb †ck K‡ib?
15| †`kxq wk¶v e¨e¯’v ms¯‹v‡ii j‡¶¨ G¨vWv‡gi mycvwikmg~n e¨³ Kiæb| mycvwik¸‡jv
ev¯ÍevwqZ bv nIqvi djvdj Kx n‡qwQj Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
16| BwZnvm ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
17| wk¶vi BwZnvm Kv‡K e‡j?
18| BwZnvm I wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx?
19| wk¶vi BwZnvm cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
20| wk¶vi BwZnv‡mi Ávb eZ©gvb wk¶v Dbœqb wKfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i?
21| nvw`m Kv‡K e‡j?
22| †Kvb †Kvb nvw`‡m wk¶vi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q?
23| mve©Rbxb wk¶v m¤ú‡K© nRiZ gyn¤§` (`t) e³e¨ Kx?

DËigvjv - BDwbU 1
cvV 1.1
1| N 2| N 3| K 4| L 5| N 6| N 7| M 8| K

cvV 1.2
1| K 2| M 3| K 4| M 5| M 6| M 7| L 8| N 9| K 10| M

cvV 1.3
1| N 2| N 3| K 4| K 5| L

cvV 1.4
1| K 2| N 3| K 4| L. 5| N

cvV 1.5
1| N 2| L 3| K 4| M 5| M

cvV 1.6
1| K 2| K 3| K 4| K 5| K

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 24