سيف سجاد سلمان خضير
قسم الهندسة الكهروميكانيكية
فرع النظم الكهروميكانيكية
الدراسة الصباحية – المرحلة الثالثة
الشعبة – أ
Network analysis: is a system which plans the projects by analyzing the project activities.
Projects are broken down into individual tasks or activities, which are arranged in logical
sequence. It is also decided that which tasks will be performed simultaneously and which
other sequentially.
A network diagram is prepared, which presents visually the relationship between all the
activities involved and the cost for different activities. Network analysis helps designing,
planning, coordi-nating, controlling and in decision-making in order to accom-plish the
project economically in the minimum available time with the limited available resources.
The network analysis fulfils the objectives of reducing total time, cost, idle resources,
interruptions and conflicts.
The importance of studying network analysis is concerned explicitly with connectivity
between different entities, and it has become very prominent in industrial settings, an
importance that has intensified amidst the modern data deluge.
Managerial applications of network analysis are as follows:
1. Assembly line scheduling,
2. Research and development,
3. Inventory planning and control,
4. Shifting of manufacturing plant from one site to another,
5. Launching of new products and advertising campaigns,
6. Control of traffic flow in cities,
7. Budget and audit procedures,
8. Installation of new equipment,
9. Long-range planning and developing staffing plans.
The Advantages of Network Analysis:
1.For planning, scheduling and controlling of operations in large and complicated projects
network analysis is very important and powerful tool.
2.For evaluating the performance level of actual performance in comparison to planned
target
network analysis is a very useful tool.
3.With the use of network analysis technological interdependence of different activities
can be
determined for proper integration and co-ordination of various operations.
4.Network analysis gives the proper co-ordination and communication between various
parts of the project.
5.Network analysis deals with the time-cost trade-off and provides the optimum schedule
of the project.
6.This technique is very simple and suitable for the computer users.
The disadvantages of network analysis:
1. Network construction of complex project is very difficult and time consuming in
network analysis.
2. Actual time estimation of various activities is a difficult exercise.
3. Analysis of the project is a very difficult work because a number of resource constraints
exist in the project.
4. In many situations time-cost trade off procedure is complicated.
Solution: The network diagram is shown below:
Note the introduction of node 9 and dummy activities 11, 12 and 13 to correctly
represent the
problem as described in the question.
E1 = 0 (by definition)
E2 = E1 + T12 = 0 + 2 = 2
E3 = E1 + T13 = 0 + 3 = 3
E4 = E3 + T37 = 3 + 7 = 10
E5 = max [E2 + T25, E3 + T35, E9 + T95]
but we have not yet worked out E9 so we must leave this calculation until we know E9.
In fact, it can be seen that, for similar reasons, we cannot yet calculate E6, E7 and E8 so
we next
calculate E9.
E9 = E4 + T49 = 10 + 1 = 11
We can now calculate E5 since we now know E9
E5 = max [E2 + T25, E3 + T35, E9 + T95] = max [2+0, 3+6, 11+0] = 11
E6 = E5 + T56 = 11 + 3 = 14
E7 = max [E2 + T27, E4 + T47, E6 + T67, E9 + T97] = max [2+10, 10+7, 14+4, 11+0] = 18
E8 = E7 + T78 = 18 + 3 = 21
To determine the float times and which activities are critical we need to work out the
latest start times.
L8 = 21 (by definition)
L7 = L8 - T78 = 21 - 3 = 18
L6 = L7 - T67 = 18 - 4 = 14
L5 = L6 - T56 = 14 - 3 = 11
L4 = min [L7 - T47, L9 - T49]
but we have not yet worked out L9 and so we must leave the calculation until we know L9
L9 = min [L7 - T97, L5 - T95] = min [18 - 0, 11 - 0] = 11
We can now calculate L4 since we now know L9
L4 = min [L7 - T47, L9 - T49] = min [18 - 7, 11 - 1] = 10
L3 = min [L4 - T34, L5 - T35] = min [10 - 7, 11 - 6] = 3
L2 = min [L7 - T27, L5 - T25] = min [18 - 10, 11 - 0] = 8
L1 = min [L3 - T13, L2 - T12] = min [3 - 3, 8 - 2] = 0
and note that L1 = 0 as required.
To calculate the float times, we use the equation Fij = Lj - Ei - Tij to get
Hence the critical activities (those with a float of zero) are 2,3,6,7,8,10 and 13 and these
form the critical path from the start node (node 1) to the finish node (node 8) in the
network.
References
1. https://hmhub.in/introduction-network-analysis-project-
management/#:~:text=Network%20analysis%20is%20a%20system,are%20arrang
ed%20in%20logical%20sequence.&text=The%20network%20analysis%20fulfils%
20the,idle%20resources%2C%20interruptions%20and%20conflicts.
2. https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.06843
3. http://people.brunel.ac.uk/~mastjjb/jeb/or/netmore.html
4. https://www.toppers4u.com/2021/01/network-analysis-objectives-
advantages.html
