POWER B.I.
Power B.I
Power B.I is the data analytic tool which is used to create the reports and dash boards for the
data source.
It was invented in 2010
The first version was released in 2013
The father of power bi is AMIR NITZ & team
Advantages of Power BI
N no. of data connectivity.
Report as well as dash board.
Less expensive compared to tableau.
Helps us to make quick decisions on dashboards.
Supports variety of data types.
It provides dax formulas, which will help us to create new columns and new
measures.
DataTypes in PowerBI
1. Text/String: used to store strings.
2. Whole numbers: used to store integers.
3. Decimal: used to store floating point numbers.
4. Date: to store date.
5. Time: to store time.
6. DateTime: to store both date and time.
7. Boolean: to store True/False values.
8. Binary: to store 0/1 value(In bits form).
*The data type will help to assign the proper data for the column, which will help us to create
the proper report for numeric type of information.
*The power bi will also support the model connectivity/table connectivity.
Relationships between model (Cardinality)
Cardinality: The connectivity between the models is known as cardinality.
There are 4 kinds of cardinality between models these are:
1. one to one: one instance from parent table, if it is connecting with only one instance
of child table these types of cardinality known as one to one relationship.
Ex.
User table Pancard
(Child table) Parent table
one To one
2. one to many: one instance from parent table is connected with many instance of child
table, this is known as one to many relationship.
Ex:
Employee table Department table
Child table Parent table
One to many
3. Many to one: many instance from parent table is connected with one instance of child
table, this is known as many to one relationship.
Ex:
Employee table Department table
Parent table Child table
Many to one
4. Many to many: many instance from parent table is connected with many instance of
child table, this is known as many to many relationship.
Ex:
Movie table Actor table
Parent table Child table
Many to many
LAYOUT OF POWER BI SOFTWARE
RIBBON BAR
VIEW BAR CANVAS FILTER VISULISATION DATA
PANE PANE PANE
To create a report or dashboard in power bi, we follow these steps:
1. Get the data.
2. Clean the data.
3. Load the data.
4. Visualise & formatting.
5. Deployment.
We can create the dashboard in 2 ways:
1. Python scripting or R scripting.
2. Drag and drop.
Data cleaning process:
In power bi to create a report or a dashboard we need to apply the data cleaning
process.
It can be done using power query editor.
The power query editor is one of the special feature which is used to clean the
data.
STEPS
Load the data into the power bi dashboard.
Transform the data into the power query editor:
i. Detect data type
ii. Remove unwanted columns
iii. Handle missing data.
a. Error data
b. Null data
c. Na data
iv. Update header
v. Remove duplicate data
vi. Grouping the data
vii. Trimming the data
viii. Applying DAX
ix. Final review and load the data
PIVOT IN PQE:
The process of converting wide set of data into long set of data is for Analyse the data.
Wide set of data:
The same kind of data if present in multiple column is known as wide set of data
i. Wide set of data is use full for reporting.
ii. For analysing purpose we need long set of data.
iii. We need to convert wide to long set data to analyse it.
JOINS:
There are 5 joins:
i. Cartesian join/ cross join
ii. Inner join/ equi join
iii. Outer join
a. Left outer join
b. Right outer join
c. Full outer join
iv. Self join
v. Natural join
1. Cartesian join:
It is the process of merging the multiple tables by using crossing method.
Ename Dno.
A 10
B 20
Dno. Dname
10 D1
20 D2
Cartesian product
Ename Dno. Dno. Dname
A 10 10 D1
A 10 20 D2
B 20 10 D1
B 20 20 D2
2. Inner join:
It is used to get the matching records from the multiple tables.
The inner join will work by using join condition.
Join condition:
Table_name1.Col = Table_name2.Col
Ename Dno.
A 10
B 20
Dno. Dname
10 D1
20 D2
Inner join product
Ename Dno. Dno. Dname
A 10 10 D1
B 20 20 D2
3. Outer join:
It is used to get the unmatched records from the respective tables.
There are 3 types of outer joins:
a. Left outer joins:
The process of merging the multiple table to get the unmatched records from the
left table.
Left table
Ename Dno.
A 10
B null
Right table
Dno. Dname
10 D1
20 D2
Left outer join
Ename Dno. Dno. Dname
B NULL NULL NULL
b. Right outer join:
The process of merging multiple tables to get the unmatched records from the
right table.
Left table
Ename Dno.
A 10
B null
Right table
Dno. Dname
10 D1
20 D2
Right outer join:
Ename Dno. Dno. Dname
NULL NULL 20 D2
c. Full outer join:
The process of merging multiple tables to get the unmatched data from all the
tables.
Left table
Ename Dno.
A 10
B null
Right table
Dno. Dname
10 D1
20 D2
FULL outer join
Ename Dno. Dno. Dname
B NULL NULL NULL
NULL NULL 20 D2
APPEND QUERIES:
This option is very similar to the set theory in SQL.
Which is used to combine multiple tables vertically.
VISUALISATION:
The graphical representation of the data set to analyse the data is known as visualisation.
There are many visual forms that power bi support:
a. Column chart
b. Bar chart
c. Line chart
d. Area chart
e. Funnel chart
f. Scatter chart
g. Pie chart
h. Donut chart
i. Maps
j. Gauge
k. Card
l. Slicer
m. Waterfall chart
n. Tables
And many more
1. Column or Bar chart:
If we want to create a report for categorical data with continuous data.
Component of a bar chart or a column chart:
a. X-axis: For this we need to choose the categorical data column.
b. Y-axis: Here we have to use continuous data column (which follows aggregation).
c. Legends: we need to use sub-categorical data of a x-axis.
d. Small multiples
e. Tooltips: used to represent the extra information about the column.
Ques1> Create a report which shows the number of employees in each department (display
the information: the total salary of each department, the max salary of each department,
different jobs from each department).
ANS>
Ques2>Create a report which shows a number of employees with each job with respect to the
department number and display the total salary with respect to each job.
Ques3> Create a report with respect to each job which shows the contribution of number of
employees.
SLICER:
It is used to apply the filtration for visual form
