PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM:THE STATUS CHANGER

THE BENEFITS OF A 4P’S STUDENTS AT ILOCOS NORTE NATIONAL

HIGHSCHOOL

BY:

Mohammad Larry Shem A.Ramos

Mark Jayson A.Sales

Angelo Pepito Grafe

Kelvin Lei P.Bayudan

Jessa Mae P.Baengan

Ricalyn M.Salvador

Dessa Mae U.Baltazar

Grade 12-HUMSS Bernas

Presented to the faculty of

HUMMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

ILOCOS NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

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 In partial fulfillment of the requirements of this subjects

Practical Research 1

S.Y.2022-2023

APPROVAL SHEET

This study titled“PANTAWID PAMILYANG PAMILYANG

PROGRAM[4PS];THE SOCIAL STATUS CHANGER“prepared and submitted

by Ramos, Mohammad Larry Shem A.,Baengan, Jessa Mae P., Bayudan, Kelvin

Lei P.,Baltazar, Dessa Mae U.,Grafe, Angelo Pepito.,Sales,Mark Jayson

A.,Padayao,John Lloyd,&Salvador,Ricalyn M.is hereby recommended for

acceptance and approval of Practical Research 1.

John Michael B.Lumabao

Teacher,Practical Research 1

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 PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination

Chairman

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject

Practical Research 1 of the/Humanities and Social Sciences(HUMSS)Strand.

Date:______________________

EULALIA B.BAGA

Assistant School Principal II

DEDICATION

The researchers wholeheartedly dedicate this piece of work:

To those who need financial assistance in whom this research is conducted.To everyone who

would love to alleviate poverty in the Philippines.To the beneficiary of this program.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to acknowledge the support and guidance of wonderful

people in the researcher’s life to help in making the study possible.The researcher

therefore would like to acknowledge sincere gratitude to the persons;

To Dr. JM LUMABAO.For his unending support,guidance,valuable suggestions and

assistance,and suggestions for the improvement of this paper;

To the Family of the researchers.For their unconditional love,inspiration,and moral

support.

Above all,to Almighty GOD.For forgiving the researcher’s wisdom,strength,and

patience for their study.

To God be all the glory.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

TITLE PAGE I

APPROVAL SHEET II

DEDICATION III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III

ABSTRACT VI

TABLE OF CONTENTS VII

LIST OF TABLES IX

LIST OF APPENDICES 29

CHAPTER

I. THE PROBLEM:RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 2

Significance of the Study -

Scope and Delimitation of the Study 3

Definition of Terms -

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 7

Theoretical Framework 10

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II. METHODOLOGY 12 Research Design

Data Gathering Procedure -

Data Analysis 14

III. PRESENTATION,ANALYSIS,AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

15

IV. SUMMARY,CONCLUSSIONS,AND RECOMMENDATION

24

SUMMARY -FINDINGS

25

CONCLUSION -

LITERATURE CITED 27

APPENDICES 29

CURRICULUM VITAE 31

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LIST OF TABLES Page

Table

1. Beneficiaries’perception on the impact of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

23

2. Program in Ilocos Norte National High School 26

3. Beneficiaries’perception on the impact of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program in Ilocos Norte National High School 29

4. Students responses on the benefits they receive.

5. Raw Data of Section Number 1(Number 1 Research Question)

6. Raw Data of Section Number 2(Numb 2 Research Question)

Raw Data of Section Number 3(Number 3 Research Question)

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ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine and analyze the effects of Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program(4P’s)in the life of Grade 12 HUMSS students specifically into the

perception of the students on how they are being affected with the benefits they

receive,also on how do they spend the benefits they receive from 4P’s.

This study employed the case study research design and used purposive sampling to

select 7 students as the respondents of the study who answered the questions that we

asked during our interview.Base on the thematic analysis and results discussed

supported by related literature,it was revealed that majority of the students think that

the 4P’s has a really big help on them especially im their finances.They claim that

there are some activities of the community where they must join.3They also claim that

the benefits they receive are being used in their studies.The challenge that they almost

all encountered is community services.

With the conclusions,researchers can tell how Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program(4P’s)really effects the lives of SHS students.Future researchers can conduct

interviews,and more variable to have a better knowledge on the effects of 4P’s on

SHS students.

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 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

According to a study,Poverty is one of the economic drives that affects one

country’s economy.The lack of opportunity leads to impoverishment and sorting to

crime(–Naomi C.Kellogg,2018).Global unemployment is on a hike with an estimated

of around 172 million people in 2018(Geneva,2019).Poor families do not contribute

much to the economy,they are lacking opportunities for jobs as they are not

qualified,the demand for services decreases creating massive lay-offs in some

companies and factories.That’s the reason why the government is acting on these

economic problems by implementing some programs to alleviate or reduce poverty

such as cash grants,food grants,or even housing grants.

Global extreme poverty has a slow-paced movement between 2018 and

2019,with the poverty rate(at the US$1.90 poverty line)in 2018 being 8.6,a decrease

from 9.1 in 2017,equivalent to a decline of 28 million poor people between two

years.Confirmed data of continued reduction of extreme poverty at the global level

according to(Aguilar Et al.,2022)

Countries like Brazil,the United States,Denmark and etc.have one of the

world’s leading anti-poverty reduction programs and it is indeed effective in

alleviating poverty in their country.

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Like Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF),it is a government program introduced in

2003 by the then-president,Lula da Silva.Under PBF low-income families receive

cash transfers on the condition that they,for example,send their children to school and

ensure they are properly vaccinated.

A similar program from Mexico named‘Oportunidades’(formerly known as

Progresa 1997)provided cash,food supplements,and access to basic health services to

rural families living in extreme poverty.Two Mexican social scientists,Santiago Levy

and Jose Gomez de Leon have been credited with designing

Progresa/Oportunidades,which many consider one of the most successful poverty

alleviation programs in Latin American history.

In the US,they have Unemployment Insurance,Supplemental Nutrition

Assistance Program(Food Stamps),Temporary Assistance to Needy

Families(TANF),Head Start,and Earned Income Tax Credit(EITC),etc.

On the other hand,The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the

Philippines(4P’s)was developed by the World Bank and the government of the

Philippines in 2007.Full-scale cash transfers were launched in 2008 by the

Department of Social Welfare and

Development(DSWD)inspired by the successes of similar programs in Latin

American countries such as Bolsa Familia in Brazil,Familias en Accion in

Colombia,and OPORTUNIDADES in Mexico (Giugliano,2013)

Also on April 17,2019,Former Sen.Leila De Lima the principal author and

sponsor of the 4P’s law in the Senate and filed Proposed Senate

Resolution(SR)No.894 also seeking to suspend the graduation of existing household

beneficiaries from the program amid the current global health crisis.This Act was
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passed by the Senate of the Philippines as Senate Bill No.2117 on February

4,2019,and adopted by the House of Representatives as an amendment to House Bill

No.7773 on February 7,2019(4p’s Law,2019)

The main goal of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is to break the

intergenerational cycle of poverty by fostering change in behavior among parents to

invest in their children’s(and their own)future(health,nutrition,and education]because

low schooling and high malnutrition rate are strongly associated with poverty cycle in

the Philippines.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to break the cycle of poverty by keeping children aged 0-18

healthy and in school,so they can have a better future.The positive effects of the 4P’s

program are eradicating extreme poverty and hunger,in achieving universal primary

education,in promoting gender equality,in reducing mortality,and in improving

maternal health care.Also,this determines how effective the 4ps program is viewed by

the 4ps beneficiaries.

1.What are the benefits you can get as a 4ps beneficiary?

2.How were you chosen as a 4PS beneficiary?

3.How did you use the benefits from the 4PS?

Significance of the Study

The significance of the 4p’s(Pantawid,Pamilyang,Pilipino,Program)is to ease

the effects of poverty on its beneficiary.To acquire their basic needs and have an

access to basic health and child services,and also basic education.

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Students.The said program also helps the beneficiaries especially the children

to be sent to school to have their primary education.This motivates the students with

the potential to have a better future and to be provided with allowances from the

program.Enrollment data increased,of age 16-to 17-year-old children in the

beneficiary household.The enrollment reports state that elementary and middle school

projects a positive growth of enrollee.The growth trend of enrolled students may

possibly increase if the program will be developed further.

Scope and Delimitation

In this study,the researchers seem to determine the effectiveness of 4P’s viewed by

the students of Ilocos Norte National High School(INNHS)SY:2022-2023 which has a

total of 30 4P’s beneficiaries.The researchers used the sampling method.

Definition of terms

In this study,various words are employed.These words were conceptually and

operationally defined.4P’s the department of social welfare and development is in

charge of implementing the Pantawid pamilyang pilipino program.The pantawid

pamilyang pilipino program is a national government initiative to combat poverty and

promote social protection and development.It offers conditional cash grants to low-

income families in an effort to improve their children’s health,nutrition,and

educational opportunities(ages 0-18).Schemes for Conditional Cash Transfer

Conditional cash transfer programs are a novel way to.

 CHAPTER 2

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter contains the related concepts,topics,literature,studies and theories that

show relevance to the study.

According to Cannon,Kailey L.(2014)The acclaimed Mexican conditional

cash transfer(CCT)program Oportunidades as a way of engaging broader debates

about how anti-poverty policy is evolving in the wake of the World Bank’s mid-1990s

legitimacy crisis.I am interested in the behaviour and attitudes—or“subjectivities”—

that Oportunidades attempts to cultivate amongst participants.Whereas the majority of

CCT studies tend to focus on measuring the extent to which the

programs“mold”beneficiaries into the categories of being prescribed by the

program,my thesis is concerned with specifying and critically examining these

categories.I use a hybrid Neo-Gramscian,governmentality and critical feminist

theoretical framework to probe how Oportunidades beneficiaries are constructed

within World Bank and Mexican government discourse,as well as in external program

evaluations.I argue that Oportunidades is underpinned by an agent-centred conception

of poverty and that the program promotes a kind of gendered market-conducive

subjectivity amongst beneficiaries.I conclude by exploring some of the implications

of the CCT model.

The impact of Familias en Acción on adult health outcomes that capture disruptions in

daily life due to health conditions.The analysis

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utilizes data collected by the Colombian National Department of Planning for

program evaluation purposes and employs a differences-in-differences approach

specifying mixed effects logistic models to examine the impact of the program on

impairment,bedridden status,andhospitalization among individuals 18 years of age

and older.(Velasquez&Esther.,2016)Also explores the impact of Familias en Acción

on mortality assessing the possibility of differential impacts by age group and cause

of death.The work pools program evaluation data with vital statistics and census data

to create a datasets of municipal population,municipal death,and municipal exposure

to the anti-poverty program.The analysis uses a differences-in-differences approach

specifying mixed effects negative binomial regression models.A qualitative political

economy project and draws from both primary as well as secondary data.Familias en

Acción was modeled after the Mexican conditional cash transfer program,and the two

programs are nearly identical in terms of programmatic components with one major

exception which is in the area of health programming.The Mexican program is more

comprehensive in the area of health,targeting all ages and offering a more

comprehensive package of health services.The work examines the political and

economic reasons that led to the adaptation of the Mexican conditional cash transfer

program in the Colombian context.

The importance of education for individual well-being,social cohesion and

economic growth is widely accepted by researchers and policymakers alike.Yet there

exist vast numbers of people around the world,largely poor,who continue to lag

behind wealthier people,often within their own nations.Conditional cash transfer

programs were created to encourage investments in education and health by

subsidizing their cost and changing household preferences.The programs increase

short-term income as well as future wage potential,thus decreasing short-term and

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long-term poverty,as well as the poverty that is passed from generation to

generation.Begun in Mexico and Brazil,the conditional cash transfer model is being

replicated in many countries,but its replicability across socioeconomic and political

contexts is far from clear.The present study adds to the research on conditional cash

transfer programs through a comparative quantitative analysis of the effects of two

programs on key educational outcomes in Nicaragua and Colombia.Using secondary

panel data for the Nicaraguan Red de Proteccion Social and the Colombian Familias

en Accion programs,a model reflecting demand constraints to education is used to

determine the relative impacts of individual and household characteristics in the

schooling decision,as well as to measure program impact in some of the most

impoverished communities in the two countries.The empirical analysis is situated

within a description of the historical,political and demographic contexts into which

the programs were introduced.The results indicate that both programs increased

enrollment and attendance,with lesser but still positive effects on retention.These

effects were stronger for boys in Colombia,as was the importance of schooling

expectations in determining enrollment.The study suggests that conditional cash

transfer programs should be effective in other settings in which low educational

attainment is caused largely by a lack of household resources.(Stackhouse&Shannon

Alexis,2012)

According to Usui(2011)In the Philippines,the Department of Social Welfare

and Development(DSWD)has initiated the CCT program(Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program or 4Ps)in 2008,following a pilot test in 2007,to establish a better

social protection system.From an initial coverage of 6,000 households in the pilot

test,the program coverage was expanded to 666,000 households in response to the

food and fuel crisis in 2008 and subsequent global economic crisis in 2009.The
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program was further scaled up in 2010 to cover about 1 million households.The

government intends to set the CCT program as the mainstay of the country’s social

protection system.Major development agencies,including the Asian Development

Bank(ADB),provide loans and technical assistance to support this initial expansion

and to strengthen related systems and capacities.6 The government has further

targeted the expansion of CCT grants to 2.3 million poor households by the end of

2011.

From this subset of poor households,Pantawid identified eligible households as being those w

According to Fernandez(2011)Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program(4P’s)as

a conditional transfer(CCT)program that transfers cash to to beneficiary families if

they follow its conditionalities.Just like CCT programs,the(4P’s)aims in reducing and

alleviating existing poverty by supplementing the income of the poor to address their

current consumption poverty,especially in the education and health of their families

members while making them follow certain conditionalities that can boost their
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human development investment and ensure its compliance as that they can have more

opportuinities in breaking the intergenerattional cycle of poveryty in the long run.

According to Cezshile(2013)significant developments in the lives of the poor

households have already been observed.Increased enrollment among school children

and high availment of health services are some of the early positive

results.Researchers and studies also reveal the behavioral change and improved

perspective in life are some of the outcomes documented to have occurred among the

lives of the beneficiaries which can be attributed to the program.

Based on the findings of the study of academic performance among selected

pupils at Inopacan District,Leyte SY 2013-2014,the drop-out rate among the poorest

elementary and high school were decreased.The parents and pupils who are 4Ps

recipients attended regular participation in all school activities.On the part of

Department of Education,there is an increase of enrollment every school year.The

inconsistent results for older children between 13-17 years old(age as of 2011)the

majority of whom are outside the age cut-off for CCT education grant eligibilityas

suggested by insignificant coefficients across specifications,could be explained by a

number of factors.First,sending older children to school is associated with higher

direct and indirect(opportunity)costs.

As Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program(4P’s)As Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program expands to cover more households,bigger challenges awaits.Thus an

effectiove communication strategy to deliver messages of good governance and life

transformation is essential to the be immediately undertaken by the DSWD.

Direct costs may be incurred in the form of school fees,supplies,transportation

costs,and so on.For example,since there are less high schools than primary
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schools,high school children are generally more likely to travel farther away from the

homestead to school,requiring households to spend more money on transportation.As

children grow older,the opportunity cost also increases as they could earn money from

working instead of studying in school.To address this issue,many CCT

programs(e.g.,in Bangladesh,Brazil,Mexico,30 Honduras,and Turkey)provide larger

cash transfers to older children to compensate for the higher implicit/explicit cost

associated with schooling.(Dogue,.2017)

Theoretical Framework

Jean Jacques Rousseau’s Social Contract Theory may be applied to the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program(4p’s)because the program is a great example of a social

contract wherein the state provides cash grants to poor households to meet their basic

immediate needs.In exchange,the beneficiaries must abide by the conditions set by the

program.This theory can also be applied to this research since the objective of this

research is focused on Women’s empowerment and Jean Jacque Rousseau stated in

his theory that the Philippines targets poverty not only by providing cash grants to the

beneficiaries but also by tracing the root cause of poverty and how it can be prevented

for the development of the future.4P’s has two components namely:health and

education.Under the health components,the program provides PHP 6,000

annually(PHP 500 per month)to each family beneficiary for their health and

nutritional expenses.Under the education component it provides PHP 3,000 per child

for one school year.For meeting educational expenses.

The main objectives of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program(4P’s)are social

assistance and social development.Social assistance means that the program will

provide cash assistance and monetary support to help them alleviate themselves from
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poverty and meet their basic and immediate needs such as shelter,food,and

clothing.The second objective is focused on social development.It focuses on

breaking the inter-generational poverty cycle through investments in human capital.

Provides grants to extremely poor household to improve their health,nutrition

and education particularly of children aged 0-14.The advantages of 4p’s program

were that the subsidy really helps poor households meet their basic and immediate

needs.To break the inter-generational cycle of poverty by fostering change in behavior

among parents to invest in their children’s and their own future.

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research the design,the locale of the study,the

respondents of the study,the instruments used,the data gathering procedures and the

statistical treatment of the study.

Research Design

In this study,researchers used a case study research design to identify and

know how 4P’s support and help the people in our society as of this moment.In this

way,researchers have been able to determine how people is being benefitted in any

events of their lives.This also helps people gain support by the cash they receive

monthly.

Data Gathering Procedure

General Procedures

The researcher wrote the letter of approval to request permission to administer

the questionnaires face to face to the selected Grade 12 HUMSS students of Ilocos

Norte National High School and request letter to the chosen respondents to participate

in answering the questions face to face.The researcher interviewed participants face to

face in order to get the answers of the respondents personally.The answered

questionnaires were recorded in audio after the respondents have been given 10-15

minutes to answer the questions in person.

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Sampling Procedure

This qualitative study utilized sampling design.The members of the population

were not given an equal chance of being included in the sample becausethe

researchers purposely choose HUMSS students of INNHS as the respondents.A

sample of eight(8)respondents were selected from a population of 320 Grade-12

HUMSS students.The researchers identify that HUMSS students have the certain

qualities needed and would correspond as the respondents for the study.The

researchers believe that the respondents can give their descriptions and perceptions

regarding the research objectives tackle the impacts of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program of the Grade-12 HUMSS students.

Participants of the Study

There were 8 students chosen as our respondents from the populations of

Grade 12 HUMSS students at Ilocos Norte National High School who were chosen as

respondents of the study.7 out of 8 students were subjected to member checking to

verify their responses from the questionnaires.The selected respondents came from

Grade 12 HUMSS students in Ilocos Norte National High School that who are 4ps

beneficiaries.

Data Gathering Instrument

Interview was utilized to gather the data needed for this study.A

questionnaires is a research method composed of a collection of questions for the

purpose of obtaining data from respondents.(McLeod,2018).It is used to obtain

information about the thoughts,feelings,and perceptions of the respondents regarding

the impacts of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program(4P’s)on the academic

performance of student beneficiaries.The questionnaire contained open minded

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questions that were based on the objective of the study.This method helps in

addressing the research problem of this qualitative study.

Data Analysis

The researcher of the study used thematic analysis in analyzing the data gathered from

the respondents that answers“Navigating the Lives of 4Ps Beneficiaries in Ilocos

Norte National High School.”By the use of thematic analysis,the gathered responses

are precisely examined into codes and then categorized into common theme-topics

within the range of accordance to the statement of the problem of the study.This

technique is essential for a detailed understanding of the researchers for the qualitative

data collected as it scans for patterns bounded not by the constraints of the responses

from the respondents.Thus,thematic analysis was integrated in the study to identify

and examine the responses on the effectiveness of the program“4Ps”to its

beneficiaries,and their perception and experiences on the program.

 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION,ANAYLYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results,analysis,and interpretation of the data

gathered on the impact of navigating the lives of Pantawid Pamliyang Pilipino

Program of Grade 12-HUMSS students in Ilocos Norte National High School.

The researchers used questionnaires as their data gathering instrument.The

study was conducted face to face last November 2022.There were 8 participants of the

study from the Grade 12-HUMSS students of Ilocos Norte National High

School(INNHS),they were chosen based on the qualifications essential for the

study.The questions were given through face to face by a certain interview,giving the

respondents 10-15 minutes accomplish the survey.The responses were then gathered

and tabulated.Data collected was analyzed in a qualitative fashion with a thematic

approach.In the case of this research study,raw qualitative data came in the form of

narrative provided by the respondents through the interview.Using a thematic

approach,that trends and patterns that emerges for the narrative data were documented

and examined.

A number of themes emerged from the qualitative data.In reviewing the

questions where respondents provided their own narratives,distinct patterns from the

core ideas surrounding the target themes each question aimed to address were

identified.
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Beneficiaries’perception on the impact of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

in Ilocos Norte National High School

Table 1 presents the perceptions of the grade 12 HUMSS students about the

impact of navigating the lives of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program(4P’s)beneficiaries in Ilocos Norte National High School(INNHS).Most of

the respondents stated that 4P’s is very helpful to aid their financial problem.A lot

also said that it is not enough to support their daily expenses.Some also view it that it

alleviates the life of the people here in the Philippines.All of the respondents perceive

that 4P’s program is helpful in their life.

TABLE 1.Beneficiaries’perception on the impact of Pantawid Pamilyang

Pilipino Program in Ilocos Norte National High School

SIGNIFICANT CATEGORIES THEMES

STATEMENTS

● Helps in our ● Helps with ● Provision for

financial problems financial needs needs

● Receives cash ● Provides help

monthly
● Gives cash
● Gives conditional

cash grants

● Enough because I ● Enough ● Beneficial for

can buy things I daily

● Useful
need expenses
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● Useful for it lessens ● I don’t receive any ● Inadequate

our financial cash

problem

● Sometimes I don’t

receive from that

program

● Enough for us to ● Helps financial ● Studentship

use in our studies problem in studies

If the individual is hard up with their financial status,odds are their source of income

can’t support their expenses.To take it any further,there is one factor that affects their

financial status:Unnecessary expenses.4P's is therefore supporting those people in

their daily life,may it be in their expenses in school,home,and work.

Factors that contributes to the causes of

4P’s beneficiaries to the

Grade 12 HUMSS student.

In Table 2,Grade 12 HUMSS students have described 4P’s is such a helping

hand in terms of trouble times and financial challenges.Most of the students have

described that the 4P’s is very useful in any situations in our life for it gives

conditional cash grant and they can use it anywhere because it is cash.The next one

that 4P’s is very helpful to people who are in need is it benefits them and their

families.Some people think that 4P’s isn’t that helpful for the cash that they give
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 24

doesn’t satisfy their needs.Not all of the people will be satisfied of what they received

every month but they still thankful that it lessen their financial problems.

Table 2.Summary of the factors that contributes to the causes of 4P’s

beneficiaries to the Grade 12 HUMSS student.

SIGNIFICANT CATEGORY THEMES

STATEMENTS

● It is their ● Need to attend ● Compliant

responsibility to community

participate in oplan programs

dalus
● Following

● Respectful conditions at

school

● Yes,because we ● Humans deserve a ● Approving

are all human and same treatment

● Equality is a
all of us deserves
● Prioritize the
must
to get a financial
needy
assistance ● Opposing

● The needy needs

some financial

assistance.
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According to cannon,Kailey L.(2014)The acclaimed Mexican conditional cash

transfer(CCT)program Opportunidades as a way of engaging broader debates

should how anti-poverty policy is evolving in the wake of the World Bank’s

mid-1990s legitimacy crisis.I am interested in the behaviour and attitudes-

or“subjectives”-that Oppurtunidades attempt to cultivate among

participants.Whereas the majority of CCT studies tend to focus on measuring

the extend to which the program“mold”beneficiaries into the categories of

being prescribed by the program,my thesis is concerned with specifying and

critically examining these categories.I use a hybrid Neo-Gramscian,govern-

mentality and critical feminist theoretical framework to prove how

Oppurtunidades beneficiaries are constructed within World Bank and Mexican

government discourse,as well as in external program evaluations.I argue that

Oppurtunitidades is underpinned by an agent-centred conception of poverty

that the program promotes a kind of gendered market-conducive subjectivity

among beneficiaries.I conclude by exploring some of the implications of the

CCT model.

Getting a financial assistance from the 4Ps program was helpful in

their part of learning.Based on the table 2.1,the responses of the Grade 12

HUMSS students of INNH.Majority of the students who are beneficiary to the

terms and conditions that they follow as a 4Ps beneficiary are joining the

community programs like oplan dalus in their community or any program that

happens in their community.7 out of 8 of the respondents stated that the terms

and condition that they follow as a member of 4Ps is to participate or join in

any community programs with the terms and conditions that they follow as a

4Ps beneficiary.
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The table 2.2 shows the people who are financially stable can be part of 4Ps program

of the Grade 12 HUMSS students at Ilocos Norte National High School as a

beneficiary.As indicated in table 2 significant statement 2.2,the majority of the

students that most of them are not agree to be part of 4Ps program those who are

financially stable in life.The second group of students answered that they are agreed

that they can be part of 4Ps program to those who are financially stable in life.The

least number of student mentioned that who are financially stable in life can be part of

the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino program(4Ps)

Most of respondents did oppose,some also did support that people who are financially

stable can be part of the program 4P’s.Some did oppose that those who can afford

something can’t be part of 4P’s for they can manage their selves and the needy must

be the prioritize for they need some assistance according to the respondents.Some also

did support for every person must be treated equally because we are all human and

must receive the same financial assistance that the program gives to the needy.

Table 3,Students responses on the benefits they receive.

SIGNIFICANT CATEGORY THEMES

STATEMENTS

● Contented in ● Contented ● Gratified

the money

they receive

even though

it is short for

their basic
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needs

● There is ● It increases a ● Uptick

increase but little bit

● Changeless
little
● There is no

● There is no increase

increase it is

still the same

● I am not ● Not satisfied ● Discontented

satisfied for in the money

● Delighted
it is so short they receive

for my
● Satisfied
allowance,it

doesn’t fit

for a week

● I am

satisfied to

be part of

4P’s

Students described that 4P’s is very helpful in their academic performances

and plays a vital role in achieving a very pleasant grade.When eating,they can use the

money that the program tends to give and it will affect their day and will during the

class they can concentrate on the discussions that they will tackle.Thanks to the
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program,students will remain contented with the money they receive,though it isn’t

that much but it helps them in any ways.

Nowadays,students are being supported from the program some still doesn’t

appreciate what the program gives them most likely students is looking on the

quantity of the benefits they receive instead of quality.Some students stated the

benefits they receive is increasing and some say it doesn’t increase.Most of the

students from the very beginning is contented in the benefits they receive.To the ones

that are contented in the benefits they receive most likely appreciates what the

program is trying to do.

Persons or students who were satisfied from the service of the 4P’s program

may have been alleviate from the sufferings and afflictions they encountered.Most of

the student responses were exquisite to hear for most of them were satisfied.Delighted

were the students for being a part of the 4P’s program or Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program.
 \CHAPTER V

SUMMARY,CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY

Poverty has been a worldwide problem.There are over 5.6 million Filipino families

living in poverty as of 2022,worsen by the pandemic the statistics of poor families has

risen because of the lack of jobs and opportunities.This variables have affected

peoples financial status,with lack of financial income,the staggering basic needs of

every family has also been affected by inflation;means no more cheap things in this

world.

As the world was alarmed by the increase in statistics of these poor families some

countries and organizations were vetting to minimize the rates of Poverty index their

own respective countries.The United Nation have an objective to help reduce the

poverty rate in some countries,they coordinate to Governments to help create

programs that can help the poor,help create an enabling environment to generate a

productive employment and job opportunities for the poor,and gives access to Health

care to the marginalized.Resulted to organize a program that can help the

poor.Inspired from the Programa Bolsa,the UN and the World Bank organized an

effort to help reduce poverty and that’s what we are trying to find out on…

how the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program will do so.

Our study is to determine the effectiveness of this programs in terms of the change in

sectors of health,education,and social status.The

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evaluation and response we had from the Grade 12-Students that’s part of this

program.

This study shows:(1)What are the benefits that beneficiaries get?(2)How they are

chosen to be part of the program?(3)How did they benefit from the program?Majority

of the response given by the students are stating that the program is helpful.However

some says that it wasn’t enough to cater their needs,and some deemed it as ineffective

Overall we could come up with a conclusion to the sequenced answers that we

got from the students.

FINDINGS

The following are the salient findings of the study:

Effects of 4P’s to the beneficiaries.Most of the students interpret the effects of 4P’s to

their learning as a support in their financial status or an allowance with their current

studies.Significant increase in academic performance rate,and attendance has been

observed.However few students identify 4P’s as in-effective or inadequate in terms of

the help they receive for their studies or in accessing their basic needs.

CONCLUSION

The evidence shows that 4Ps helps the students in their learning by providing financial aid

that lessens the struggles that they encounter,the benefits they receive was very useful.and

helpful to the beneficiaries for the benefits they receive stands as their aid in their

allowances,expenses,and many more.Most of the students claimed that 4Ps was capable in

helping them and the necessities they need could be acquired.Our results suggest that 4P's

program must increase the benefits they give on the beneficiaries for most of the students

promotes that 4Ps needs to take action in increasing their benefits to the beneficiaries.By
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understanding the situation that the students did utter,4P's is helpful to them but it doesn't

meet the need of the beneficiaries.4Ps is still a huge factor that alleviates the lives of Pilipino

especially those who are in need or in other words the ones that must be aided.
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REFERENCES

Canon,Kailey L.(2014).Anti-Poverty Policy as the Cultivation of Market Subjects:The

Case of the Conditional Cash Transfer Program Oportunidades

https://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/30649

Dogue.(2017).A research on the effectiveness of the 4P’s viewed by the beneficiaries

https://www.facebook.com/187308468320373/posts/chapter-

1introductionbackground-of-the-study-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program/

416105118774039/

Fernandez,Velarde.(2011).Welfare and Distribuional Impacts of the Pantawid

Pamilyang Pilipino Program

https://www.academia.edu/download/50824837/PSPN_03_-

Welfare_and_Distri_Impacts_of_Pantawid_Pamiliya.pdf

Kandpal Et al.(2016).A Conditional Cash Transfer Program in the Philippines Reduces

Severe Stunting

https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/9/1793/4584896?login=false
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 31

Stackhouse.Shannon Alexis.(2012).Education for the alleviation of poverty:a

comparative study of conditional cash transfer programs to improve educational

outcomes in Nicaragua and Colombia

https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/17400

Usui(2011)Searching for the Effective Poverty Interventions CCT in the Philippines

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

271079561_Searching_for_Effective_Poverty_Interventions_Conditional_Cash_Tran

sfer_in_the_Philippines

Velasquez,Esther.(2016)Evaluating the Ability of Conditional Cash Transfers to

Promote Human Capital Through the Protection of Health

http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:32644542
 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

LETTER TO THE ASSISTANT PRINCIPAL

APPENDIX

LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS

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APPENDIX C

INTERVIEW GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. What benefits or aid do you receive as part of the 4Ps program?

2. Is the money you receive from the 4P’s enough to lessen your problems?

3. As a student beneficiary,is the money you received useful why?

4. What are the terms and conditions to be followed as a 4P’s beneficiary?

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5. Do you agree that people,who are financially stable,can be a part of the 4P’s

program?

6. Are you contented with the money you get from the program?

7. Is there any increase in the benefits they give annually?

8. Are you satisfied financially?

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data

Name : Mohammad Larry Shem A.Ramos

Sex : Male

Address : Brgy.4 Vintar IN

Birthplace : Laoag IN

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Baptist

Father’s Name : Larry A.Ramos

Occupation : None

Mother’s Name : Melita A.Ramos

Occupation : Employee

Email Address : [email protected]

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

Educational Attainment

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Humanities and Social Sciences

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag City

Junior High School :Northside Bible Baptist Academy

Brgy 7 Panganiban Street.Laoag City

Elementary School :Northside Bible Baptist Academy

Brgy 7 Panganiban Street.Laoag City

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data

Name : Angelo Pepito Grafe

Sex : Male

Address : Brgy.47 Bengcag,Laoag City

Birthplace : Ilocos Norte

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Christian

Father’s Name : Pepito G.Grafe(Deceased)

Occupation : None

Mother’s Name : Ma.Elena Q.Grafe

Occupation : Nail Technician

Email Address : [email protected]

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

Educational Attainment

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Humanities and Social Sciences

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag City

Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag City

2019-2021

Elementary School : A.P Santos Elementary School

Brgy.4 Laoag City I.N

2007-2014
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data

Name : Mark Jayson Sales

Sex : Male

Address : Brgy.2 Laoag City

Birthplace : Laoag City

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Aglipay

Father’s Name : Noel Sales

Occupation : Helper Mechanic

Mother’s Name : Ronna Alejandro

Occupation : Housewife

Email Address : [email protected]

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

Educational Attainment

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Humanities and Social Sciences

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag City

Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Basic Education Curiculum

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag City

2022-2021

Elementary : Shamrock Elementary School

Brgy.7-B Laoag City

2015-2016
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data

Name : Kelvin Leigh Bayudan

Sex : Male

Address : Brgy.13 Magatsalamat,Laoag City

Birthplace : Batac City

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Catholic

Father’s Name : Randy R.Bayudan

Occupation : Farmer

Mother’s Name : Remedios P.Bayudan

Occupation : Teacher

Email Address : [email protected]

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

Educational Attainment

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Humanities and Social Sciences

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag City

Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag

City

2021-2022

Elementary School: Elizabeth Elementary School

Brgy.Elizabeth Marcos Ilocos Norte

2015-2016
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data

Name : Jessa Mae P.Baengan

Sex : Female

Address : Brgy.29 Santo Tomas Laoag City

Birthplace : Laoag City

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Catholic

Father’s Name : Rommel S.Baengan

Occupation : Tricycle Driver(Retired seaman)

Mother’s Name : Evangeline S.Baengan

Occupation : Housewife

Email Address : [email protected]

Educational Attainment
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Humanities and Social Scieneces

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag City

Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag City

2021-2022

Elementary School : Shamrock Elementary School

Brgy.7-B Laoag City

2015-2016
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data

Name : Dessa Mae Baltazar

Sex : Female

Address : Brgy.55C-Vira Laog City

Birthplace : Sinait District Hospital

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Born Again

Father’s Name : Nardito Baltazar

Occupation : Farmer

Mother’s Name : Myrna Baltazar

Occupation : Housewife

Email Address : [email protected]

Educational Attainment

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

Humanities and Social Sciences

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag City

Junior High School : Lipit National High School

Brgy.Lipit Cabugao I,S

2020-2021

Elementary : Cuantacla Elementary School

Brgy.Cuantacla Cabugao I.S

2015-2016

Elementary School:
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 47

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Data

Name : Ricalyn M.Salvador

Sex : Female

Address : Brgy.30.B Sta.Maria Laoag City

Birthplace : Batac city

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion :Catholic

Father’s Name : Enrique R.Salvador

Occupation : Tricycle Driver

Mother’s Name : Erlinda M.Salvador

Occupation :House Wife

Email Address : [email protected]

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Educational Attainment

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Humanities and social sciences

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag City

Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Brgy.3,Gov.Roque B.Ablan Avenue,Laoag City

2018-2019

Elementary School :Sta.Maria Elementary School

Brgy.30-B Sta.Maria L.C

2015-2016