OBJECTIVE
To study the factor on which the self-induction of a coil depends by
observing the effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor
(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable frequency.
APPARATUS
A coil of large turn, ac source of adjustable frequency, an electric
bulb(V) a.c. ammeter of suitable range, rheostat, a soft iron rod, one
way key, connecting wires.
THEORY
Self inductance is the property of a coil which oppose the change in
current through it. The self inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is
2
μ0 μ r N A
L=
l
μ
Where μr = relative magnetic permeability of magnetic material, r =¿
μ
μ0
¿
N= Total number of turns in solenoid
A= area of cross section of solenoid
L= length of the solenoid
Hence, the self inductance depends upon upon
1. No of turns (N), L α N 2
1
2. Geometry of coil, L α A , L α l
3. Nature of core material, L α μ
When an inductor is connected in series with a resistor(bulb) with a
variable source of frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is
E rms
I rms =
Z
Where Z=√ R 2+ ω2 L2 = Impedance of the circuit
Here R= resistance of bulb
L = Self-inductance of coil
ω=2 πf =angular frequency of a . c . source
The brightness of bulb i.e., heat generated in bulb is
2
H=I rms Zt
H 2
P= =I rms Z
t
P=I 2rms √ R2 +ω 2 L2
PROCEDURE
1. Make all connections as shown in circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the a.c. supply and adjust the constant current in the
circuit by using the variable resistor (Rh). (Let the frequency of
a.c. source is 60 Hz and voltage is 6 V)
3. Record the current in a.c. ammeter and see the brightness of
bulb.
4. Now, put the soft rod inside the inductor core and record the
current in a.c. ammeter and again check the brightness of bulb.
The current and brightness both decreases.
5. Now, switch off the supply and decrease the frequency of a.c.
source (say 50 Hz).
6. Again switch on the supply and adjust the current in circuit at
same constant voltage 6V by using rheostat. Note the current in
ammeter and brightness of bulb. The current and brightness both
will increase.
7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of coil and note the current
and brightness. The current and brightness both decreases.
8. Repeat the steps 5,6, and 7 for different frequency of a.c source
(say 40 Hz, 30 Hz, 20 Hz)
OBSERVATIONS
1. Least count of ammeter = 0.2 mA
2. Zero error of ammeter = 0
3. Range of ammeter = 0- 500 mA
Table 01
Sr. No. Frequency of Current in Current in
applied voltage ammeter ammeter with
(Hz) without iron rod iron rod in coil
in coil (mA) (mA)
1 50 200 140
2 60 180 120
3 70 160 80
RESULT
1. The current in the circuit decrease on inserting the iron rod in
the core of coil at constant frequency of applied voltage and
brightness of the bulb decreases and vice-versa.
2. The current in the circuit in the circuit increases on decreasing
the frequency of applied voltage and vice-versa. Therefore, the
brightness of bulb increases.
PRECUATIONS
1. The coil should have large number of turns.
2. Current should be passed for a small time to avoid the heating
effect.
3. There should not parallax in taking the reading of ammeter.
SOURCES OF ERRORS
1. The resistance of circuit may increase slightly due to heating
effect of current.
2. There may be eddy currents in the soft iron coil.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. CBSE suggested project list.
2. Google website
3. Comprehensive Practical Manual
4. NCERT class XII Book
