I .:,.

PICTURE BASED QUESTIONS (PBQs)

Q. 1. From the given picture, answer the following questions:

Cultivator Zamindar Britishers

(i) Identify the system highlighted in the given picture, which was also the most important reason
stagnation in the agriculture sector.
(ii) Under the Zamindari System, _ _ _ (Cultivator/ Zamindar) was responsible for collection
lagaan.
(iii) 'The Zamindars took considerable steps for the betterment of farmers: Defend or Refute.
Ans. (i) Land Settlement System.
(ii) Zamindar.
(iii) The given statement is refuted. The Zamindars did nothing to improve the condition of agriculture
Zamindars were only interested in collecting Lagaan from the cultivators regardless of their economic
conditions.
 Chapter 1 • Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence 1.19

Q. 2. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:

Literacy Rate Infant Mortality Rate Life Expectancy Poverty

• R.I.P.

-ti
Very_?_ (High/Low) Very_?_·_· (High/Low)
i~ I Jlw
Very_?_ (High/Low) Very_··?_ (High/Low)
_J ..___ _ _ _ _ __ /

(i) Identify the missing values in the given pictures as shown by India's demographic condition on the
eve of Independence.
(ii) Before _ _ _ _ (1921 / 1931), India was in the first stage of Demographic Transition with very
_ _ _ _ (High/ Low) Birth and _ _ _ _ (High/ Low) Death rates.
Ans. (i) Literacy Rate: Low; Infant Mortality· Rate: High; Life Expectancy: Low; Poverty: High.
(ii) 1921, High, High.

Q. 3. From the given picture, answer the following questions:

i
r.
[
I
l
t.

(i) Identify the Indian industry shown in the given picture that enjoyed a worldwide repu~~tion before
the British rule.
(ii) What was the main reason for the decline of the' industry identified in (i) ab~ve during the colonial
rule?
(iii) State two adverse effects of the decline of industry identified in (i) above.
Ans. (i) Handicraft Industry.
(ii) Discriminatory Tariff Policy.
(iii) (a) High Level of Unemployment; (b) Import of finished goods.
 Indian Econom
~ 1 - ~ 2 ~ 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ l lic' Develop
leri
st
Q. 4. From the given pictures, answer the follo__w_i_n_g_q_u_e__io_n_s_:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Picture B Picture C
Picture A

(i) Out of Picture A, Picture B and p·ICture c, which one is the most importa nt contribution of Britis
. .
Rule to the infrastructure of India?
(ii) How did the infrastructure identified in (i) above:
(a) Able to break geographical barriers.
(b) Influence the Indian agriculture.
Ans. (i) Picture B: Railways.
.
(ii) (a) Railways helped to break geographical barriers by enabling people t~
travel long distances.
(b) Railways enhanced the commercialisation of Indian agriculture, which adversely affected
th
comparative self-sufficiency of the village economies in India.
Q. s. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:

Picture A Picture B PictureC

(i) Identify the sectors of the economy as shown in Picture A, Picture B

and Picture C.
(ii) There has been an increase in the share of the workforce in one of the
sectors identified in (i) above
in Orissa, Rajasthan and Punjab. Identify the sector.
(iii) Arrange the sectors identified in (i) above in descending order in terms oftheir share ofthe
workforce
Ans. (i) Picture A: Tertiary Sector; Picture B: Primary or Agriculture Sector; Picture C: Secondary Sector.
(ii) Agriculture Sector.
(iii) Primary or Agriculture Sector: 70-75%; Tertiary Sector: 15-20%; Secondary Sector: 10%.
 rr
9
Indian Economic Develo
:,:2-,±_2~8-------------------------~

• ~ PICTURE BASED QUESTIONS (PBQs) ~ ~ - - - - - -

Q. 1. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:

.•111 (a) (b) (c) (d)

(i) Identify the Goals of Five Year Plans as shown by pictures in (a), (b), (c) and (d).
(ii) Out of the Goals identified in (i) above, which Goal was not given any importance in the Five Year
Plans?
(iii) Which Goal out of the identified in (i) above is considered necessary to reduce foreign dependence
and avoid foreign interference?
Ans. (i) (a) Growth; (b) Modernisation; (c) Self-Reliance; (d) Equity.
(ii) The four basic goals, Growth, Modernisation, Self-Reliance, and Equity were the basic goals of each
Five Year Plans, which served as the guiding principles of Indian Planning. As all the goals cannot
be given equal importance in all the plans, different goals were emphasised in different plans in
India.
(iii) Self-Reliance.
Q. 2. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:

(i) D • G
uring reen Revolution, the government granted subsidies to the farmers to encourage them to
use HYV technology. What does HYV Stand for?
(ii) 5tate t h ree arguments in favour of subsidies and two arguments against them
Ans. (i) High Yielding Variety. •
(ii) Favour of Subsidies:

(a) Th: gover~ment should continue with agricultural subsidies as farming in India continues to be
a rrsky business.
(b) ~e majority of the farmers are very poor and they will not be able to afford the required inputs
without the subsidies.
(c) E!iminating subsidies will increase the income inequality between rich and poor farmers and will
violate the ultimate goal of equity.
►

chapter 2 • Indian Economy (1950 -1990) 2.29

Against the Subsidies:

(a) Benefit to fertilizer industries and prosperous farmers: Subsidies do not benefit the poor and small
farmers (target group) as benefits of a substantial amount of subsidy go to fertilizer industries
and prosperous farmers.
(b) Fiscal Burden: Economists argue that subsidies are a huge burden on the government's finances.
Q. 3. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:

Picture A Picture B Picture C

Fertilizer Industry Electronic Industry Textile Industry Railways

Aluminium Industry ) Food Industry Arms Industry

l
(i) According to Industrial Policy Resolution _ _ _ _ (1948/ 1956), the industries were reclassified
into three categories.
(ii) Categories the given Picture A, Picture B, and Picture C as industries categorised under Schedules
A, Band C.
(iii) In which type of category identified in (ii) above, industries were controlled under the industries
(Development and Regulation) Act, 1951.
Ans. (i) 1956.
(ii) Picture A: Schedule B; Picture B: Schedule C; Picture C: Schedule A.
(iii) Schedule C.

Q. 4. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:

Preference to Indian Discouraging Imported

Goods Goods

(i) Identify the trade policy as highlighted in the given picture.

(ii) The policy identified in (i) above is also known as _ _ _ _ (Inward-looking/Outward-looking)
trade strategy.
(iii) State the two objectives of trade policy identified in (i) above.
(iv) Mention the two ways used to implement the trade policy identified in (i) above.
Ans. (i) Import Substitution.
(ii) Inward-looking.
 2 30
.:.:..:...:·
::....:...._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Indian
_ _Economic
____ Develo
-.:. Plll,nt

(iii) The policy of Import Substitution can serve 2 definite objectives:

(a) Savings of precious foreign exchange; and
(bl Achieving self-reliance.
(iv) The government made use of two ways to protect goods produced in India from imports:
(a) Tariffs: Tariffs refer to taxes levied on imported goods. The basic aim for imposing heavy du
on imported goods was to make them more expensive and discourage their use. ty
(b) Quotas: Quotas refer to non-tariff barriers imposed on the quantity of imports and exports
They fix the maximum limit on the imports of a commodi ty by a domestic producer. •
Q. 5. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:
Picture A Picture B

Higlt-Y-lflding Vntits (HYVJ sfflk

~~.,
l~tionFl<ililifs Ustofffftizffl
The maximum size of landholdin g The abolition of Zamindari System This revolution boosted food
was fixed beyond which no removed the layer of intermediaries production , especially wheat
individual farmer or farm who stood between the cultivators I and rice, by introducing new
household could hold. and the state. II High-Yielding Varieties seeds.

(i) Identify the two measures undertaken by the government to promote agricultural sector during
1950 to 1990 as highlighted in Picture A and Picture B.
(ii) Which of the two measures identified in (i) above, involves the abolition of intermediaries? What
was the basic aim behind abolishing intermediaries?
(iii) Indian economy experienced the success due to one of the measures identified in (i) above in two
phases. State the two phases.
Ans. (i) Picture A: Land Reforms; Picture 8: Green Revolution.
(ii) Land Reforms involved the abolition of intermediaries. The basic aim behind abolishing intermediaries
was to provide ownership of land to the actual tillers in order to encourage them to make improvements
and to increase output. Tenants do not have any incentive to make improvements on land since it is
the owner of the land who benefits more from higher output. Ownership of land will enable the tiller
to make a profit from the increased output.
(iii) Indian Economy experienced the success of Green Revolution in 2 phases:
(a) In the first phase (Mid-60s to Mid-70s), the use of HYV seeds was restricted to more affluent states
(like Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, etc.). Further, the use of HYV seeds primarily benefited
the wheat growing regions only.
(b) In the second phase (Mid-70s to Mid-80s), the HYV technology spread to a larger number of states
and benefited a wider variety of crops.
pr
~~, VIL~!), -~di ~!>ldlC QI IU UOUC', I OU 11(;;1 \1 IUI f .u.u, ..l'-'-"'Vl..lt ..I""'-' 1 ""'"' ""'!'" ___ ,,._, - -· · - •• ·----· , . • • • ··-· • r-· - .. ,_..,

livelihood to millions of people in the country.

1;;,. PICTURE BASED QUESTIONS (PBQs)

Q. 1. From the given picture, answer the following questions:

(i) Identify the policy measure initiated by the Indian Government under the New Economic Policy
(NEP) in 1991.
(ii) State the two ways in which the policy identified in (i) above can be done.
(iii) The purpose of policy identified in (i) above was mainly to improve _ _ _ _ (Financial
Discipline/ Social Welfare) and facilitate _ _ _ _ (Public Services/ Modernisation).

J
 • Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation: An Appraisal
3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - . : . : - = . . : : ________:3~.2~7
~--
(i) Privatisation.
Art5• (ii) Privatisation can be done in two ways:
(a) Transfer of ownership and management of public sector companies from the government to
the Private Sector.
(b) Disinvestment: Privatisati~n of the public sector undertakings (PSU) by selling off a part of the
equity of PSUs to the public. This process is known as disinvestment.
(iii) Financial Discipline; Modernisation.
From the given pictures, answer the following questions:
Q.2.
Picture A Picture B

@ STOP!

- .J~
Economy not Efficient ..,... Improve Efficiency of
Economy
Weak Balance of
Payments
-. Correct Weakness

Economy not ..,... Increasing international

internationally competitive competitiveness ..,... Reduce Prices

(i) The new economic policy can be broadly classified into two kinds of measures. Identify them from
the given two pictures.
(ii) State the objectives of the measures identified in (i) above.
Ans. (i) Picture A: Structural Reform Measures; Picture B: Stabilisation Measures.
(ii) (a) Stabilisation Measures: They refer to short-term measures which aim at:
• Correcting weaknesses in the balance of payments by maintaining sufficient foreign exchange
reserves; and
• Controlling inflation by keeping rising prices under control.
(b) Structural Reform Measures: They refer to long-term measures which aim at:
• Improving the efficiency of the economy; and
• Increasing international competitiveness by removing the rigidities in various segments of the
Indian economy.
Q. 3. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:
(i) The currency notes that were demonetised during the '
demonetisation drive in 2016 were:
(i) ~ 100 (ii) t 500
(iii) t 1,000 (iv) t 2,000
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii} and (iii} (d) (ii}, (iii} and (iv}
(ii) Which one of the following was the objective of demonetisation
in2016?
(a} To reduce and prevent the circulation of Black Money Long Queues at the time of
in the Market. Demonetisation
3.28

(b) To create a cashless economy.

(c) To eradicate counterfeit currency.
(d) All of the above.
(iii) Discuss the impact of demonetisation on: (a) Tax Collection; (b) Real E.state; (c) Digitalization.
Ans. (i) (c) (ii) and (iii).
(ii)- (d) All of the above.
(iii) (a) Tax collection increased because of increased income disclosure.
(b) Prices of real estate declined.
(c) Digital transactions increased and the popularity of e-wallets also increased.
Q. 4. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:

Company
...
·To third-party or
specialized serviee ,
• J'
~
provider /
- - /

(i) Identify the concept as highlighted in the given picture.

(ii) The concept identified in (i) above is an important outcome of _____ (Liberalisation/
Privatisation/ Globalisation).
(iii) Why has India become a favourable destination for the concept identified in (i) above?
Ans. (i) Outsourcing.
(ii) Globalisation.
(iii) India has become a favourable destination for outsourcing for most of the MNCs because of:
(a) India has vast skilled manpower, which enhances the faith of MNCs for investment in India.
(b) MNCs get various types of lucrative offers from the Indian Government such as tax holidays, tax
concessions, etc.
(c) Low Wage Rates and availability of cheap labour in India for skilled work.
(d) Considerable growth of the Indian IT industry, which has proved its competitive strength in the
world.
Q. S. From the given picture, answer the following questions:

~·\ Paymentof ••• (a) ••• ~ Payment of ...(a) ...

tax by customers along

\!!!J)-4----. ~-)
( _ _ _ _ tax to the Government - - with price of goods

Government Retailer/ Manufacture Etc. Customer/ End User

W l~enti~ the tax (Goods and Services Tax (GST)/lncome Tax) as shown by missing value (a) in the
given p1eture.'
(ii) The tax identified in (i) above is a/an _ _ _ _ (Direct Tax/ Indirect Tax).
(iii) The tax identified in (i) above is a _ _ _ _ (Consumption/Production) based tax.
 r • Liberalisation, Privatisation and Glob r • . .
Chapte 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _..::.:.,:::.::.,:::a~i:.:sa:.:t:•0:n:.:_._:A:n::_A~p'.!:p~ra~i:sa~l_________~'.::2~
:--- - .
(iv) The Council of tax identified in (i) above is chaired by h' h f h .
. w Ic o t e followmg7
(a) President of India (b) p . •
. rime Minister of India
(c) Union Fmance Minister (d) G f
overnor o RBI
(v) Which of th e following is NOT a type of tax levied under the tax identified in (i) above?
(a) CGST (b) SGST
(c) IGST (d) FGST
AnS, (i) Goods and Services Tax (GST).
(ii) lndirectTax.
(iii) Consumption.
(iv) (c) Union Finance Minister.
(v) (d) FGST.

Q. 6. From the given picture, answer the following questions:

-
,
•••••••
~-----------------------
Facilitate international trade
through removal of barriers
Enlarge production and
trade of services
Protect the Environment
JI
(i) Identify the organisation shown in the above picture.
(ii) The organisation identified in (i) above was founded in _ _ _ _ (1985 / 1995) as the successor
organisation to _ _ _ _ (GATT /GAT)
(iii) State the number of member countries of the organisation identified in (i) above.
Ans. (i) World Trade Organisation (WTO).
(ii) 1995, GATT.
(iii) 164.
 4 • man Capital
U-__:_:_:::,__,:_ Formation
__ __
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4.21
H

~
,:.;. PICTURE BASED QUESTIONS (PBQs)

C
Q.1.
i'J iven pictures, answer the following questions,
from the g
Picture A Picture B

Identify Picture A and Picture Bas Physical Capital and Human Capital.
(i)
Physical Capital is _ _ _ _ _ (Tangible/Intang ible) whereas, Human Capital is _ _ _ __
(ii)
(Tangible/Intang ible) in nature.
Five Year Plan recognised the importance of human capital.
(iii) ----- (Physical/ Human) capital creates only·private benefits, while _ _ _ __
(iv) -----
(Physical/ Human) capital creates not only private benefits but also social benefits.
(i) Picture A: Physical Capital; Picture B: Human Capital.
Ans.
(ii) Tangible, Intangible.
(iii) Seventh.
(iv) Physical, Human.
Q. 2. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:
Picture A Picture B

(i) The given pictures indicate the importance of expenditure on _____ (Health/ Education) in
improving the quality of life of people in the society.
(ii) State any three forms of expenditure on item identified in (i) above.
(iii) Mention two other sources of Human Capital Formation.
Ans. (i) Health.
(ii) The various forms of health expenditures include the amount of money spent on: (Any 3)
(a) Preventive Medicine known as vaccination;
(b) Curative Medicine, i.e. medical intervention during illness;
(c) Social Medicine, i.e. spread of health literacy;
(d) Provision of clean drinking water;
(e) Good Sanitation facilities.
(iii) Other sources of Human Capital Formation are: (Any 2)
(a) Expenditure on Education
(b) On-The-Job Training
(c) Expenditure on Migration
(d) Expenditure on Information.
 ◄
I
India n Econo mic Develop
________ _ _ _ ITlt"t
4:•~2~2:__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ions:
Q. 3. From the given pictures, answer the follow ing quest
Picture B
Picture A
l ?

Indian Doctor earning

f 1 lakh p.m. in India
Indian Doctor earning
US $ 6,000 (Approx.
f 5 lakh) p.m. In US
rt.TT
unskilled employees generally
have lower productivity
Training increases the
productivity of employees

Picture D
PictureC
Salary = f 30,000 p.m. Salary = ~ 30,000 p.m.
• Q. •

Sick employee earning just

111A
Fit employee earning
t 30,000 p.m. (full salary)
Educated person earning f 18,000 p.m. due to frequent
Illiterate person earning as no absenteeism
f 50,000 p.m. leaves because of ill health.
f 10,000 p.m.

highli ghted in the given pictur e A, B, Cand D.

as
(i) Identify the source of Human Capital Formation
while huma n capital forma tion is a _ _ __
(ii) Human capital is a _ _ _ _ (Stock/ Flow) concept,
(Flow I Stock) concept.
Ans. (i) Picture A: Expenditure on Migration;
Picture 8: On-the-Job Training;
Picture C: Expenditure on Education;
Picture D: Expenditure on Health.
(ii) Stock, Flow.
quest ions:
Q. 4. From the given pictures, answer the follow ing

~~t-
--..
Indian Doctors migrating
abroad to work there

(i) ighte d in the above picture.

Identify the problem of Human Capital Formation highl
(ii) State two other problems of Human Capital Formation.
(iii) ed the per head availa bility of the facilities
~hich problem of Human Capital Formation has reduc
in our country?
Ans. (i) Brain Drain.
(ii) (a) Insufficient Resources; (b) Serious Inefficiencies
(iii) High growt h of Population. •
 Human Capital Formation
~--------------
------ ----~4!:.~23
the given pictures, answer the following qu
s
Q, •
from estions:
PlctureA
PlcturtB
I

I • j
\: '
(i) Government spends considerable
expenditure on education. Identify the
as the tw o major source of governmen given Pictures A and B
t expenditure on education.
(ii) ou t of the pictures identified in (i) abo
ve, which one takes a major share of tot
expenditure of the government? al education
(iii) On which kind of education, 'Expenditur
e Per Student' is higher?
(i) Picture A: Tertiary Education; Picture B: Pri
Ans, mary Education.
(ii) Primary Education.
(iii) Tertiary Education.
I ;;,; PICTURE BASED QUESTIONS (PBQ_s_>_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
....J

Q. . From the given pictur es, answ er the follow ing quest ions:
1
Pictur e A
Picture B

·,
•'MILK

l
Pictu re( Picture D
Picture E

(i) Identify the Non-f arm areas of emplo ymen t as shown in the
given pictures.
(ii) Out of the given non-f arm areas of emplo ymen t, Silver Revol
ution is associated w i t h - - - ~
White Revolution with - - - - ~ Blue Revolution with _ _
_ _ and Golden Revolution is
related to
(iii) In which
----
of the non-f arm areas of emplo ymen t, India ranks first in the world
Ans. (i) p production.
icture A: Dairying;
Picture B: Animal Husbandry;
Picture C: Fisheries;
Picture D: Hortic ulture ;
Picture E: Inform ation Technology.
(ii) Animal Husbandry; Dairying; Fisheries; Horticulture.
(iii) Milk.
5.30 Indian Econom ic Developm ent

Q. 2. From the given pictures, answer the followin g questions:

'iJPi' tte
,--

~ 11iium1i11
!

L
Moneylender
," ~
...-~- -e
The
- ~

,
·~
;.,. .!!1i.!!..
Self-help Group
'
Regional Rural
\~
'Iii.

Co-operative
J
""

NABARD Rich Landlord

Government Bank Credit
(a) (b) (cl (dl (el (fl (gl

(i) Categories the followin g pictures as 'Instituti onal' and 'Non-ins titutiona l' sources
of rural credit
(ii) State two objectives of establishing institutio nal sources of rural credit by the
Indian Government
Ans. (i) Institutional Sources of Rural Credit: (b) The Government; (c) Self-help Group; (d)
Regional Rural Bank;
(e) Co-operative Credit and (f) NABARD.
Non-institutional Sources of Rural Credit: (a) Moneylender; (g) Rich Landlord.
(ii) • To provide adequate credit to farmers at a cheaper interest rate.
• To assist small and marginal farmers in raising their agricultural product ivity and maximisi
ng their
income.
Q. 3. From the given pictures, answer the followin g questions:

Picture A Picture& Picture (

Food Corporation of India (FCll and The government's expenditure on In India, up to 75% of rural population
state agencies were holding 1635 lakh procurement of foodgrains on MSP and 50% of urban population are eligible
tonnes of wheat as on 1st January, 2024. increased to f 3.4 lakh crore in 2022-23 for subsidised foodgrain s under the
from f 1.79 lakh crore in 2014-15. National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013.

(i) Under the measures to improve agricultu ral marketin g, identify the differen
t policy instruments
used as highligh ted in Picture A, Picture Band Picture C.
(ii) State the basic aim of the Governm ent through these instrume
nts.
(iii) Out of the differen t policy instrume nts identifie d in (i) above,
which one aims to ensure regularity
in supply and stability in prices.
Ans. (i) Picture A:. Maintenance of Buffer Stocks; Picture 8: Minimum Support
Prices (MSP); Picture C: Public
Distribu tion System (POS).
(ii) These instrume nts aim to protect the income of farmers and to provide
foodgrai ns at a subsidised
rate to the poor.
(iii) Buffer Stock.
 ter 5 •
' • • .. 5.31
~ _ ictures, answer the following ques
the91ven p tions:
o.4· frOr1l Picture A
Picture B

Chemical-based farming
100% Natural Farming
(i) Classify the two types of farming,
Conventional Farming and Organic
Farming as shown in Picture
A and Picture B.
(ii) In _ _ _ _ (Organic/Conventi
onal) farming, toxic pesticides are
used, while in _ _ __
(Organic/Conventional) farming, gre
en manure and biological pest contr
ol are used.
(iii) State three benefits and tw o
challenges of organic farming.
i) Picture A: Conventional Farming; Pic
~ns. ( ture B: Organic Farming.
(ii) conventional, Organic.
(iii) Benefits: (a) Economical Farming;
(b) Generates Income through Exports;
Challenges: (a) Less Popular; (b) Lack of (c) Provides Healthy Food.
Infrastructure and Marketing Facilities
.
,----:;;:,
 other Issues 6 3l
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___:~·=- -:.
• ent:
EmPI0 ~yrn:____ Grow
__ lnfonn
th,_ _ _on
_ _alisati _and
__ __

~
li'l • PICTURE BASED QUE STIO NS (PBQs)

~ .
the given
picture s, answe r the follow ing questi ons:
Picture B
Q. 1. frofll Picture A - - - ~
l r , ..1.~
)
I
II
I I

!
(i)
(ii)
Employed People
J
'
Unemployed People

Picture A + Pictur e B = ___ __ (Labo ur Force /Work Force)

State the formu la for determ ining Work Force.
.

above _ _ _ _ (58/ 60 I 62) years

Children below _ _ _ _ (15 / 16/ 17) years and old persons
(iii)
of age are exclud ed from the labou r force.
ation to get labour force.
the catego ries of peopl e who are subtra cted from the total popul
(iv) Mention
Ans. (i)
Labour Force.
- Unem ployed People.
(ii) Work Force= Labour Force
(iii) 15; 60.
are subtra cted from the total popula tion:
(iv) To get the labour force, follow ing
(a) Unfit People like old or disabl ed persons;
(b) People who are not willing to work;
(c) People who are not available for work.
Q.2. From the given pictures, answe r the follow ing questi ons:
Picture A Picture B

.
(i) Identify Picture A and Pictur e Bas types of wage emplo yment
(ii) :
Out of the two types of wage emplo ymen t identif ied in (i) above
(a) Which one has more share of India's workfo rce? •
securi ty benefits?
(b) Which one are hired on a perma nent basis and also get social
(iii) a major share of workfo rce in India.
Ans. ~ut of wage emplo yment and self emplo yment , which one has
(i)
Picture A: Casual Workers; Picture B: Regular Workers.
(ii)
(a) Casual Workers; (b) Regular Workers.
(iii) .
Self-employ ment h as maJor has only
_% _ share of 52.2% of India's workforce, while Wage Emplo yment
47 8
(- 22.8% for regular workers and 25% for casual workers).
6.32 Indian Economic
0 evelop...
~
Q. 3. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:

Picture A Picture B

(i) Identify the Pictures A and Bas kinds of employment structure in India.
(ii) Formal Sector is also known as _ _ _ _ (Organised Sector/ Unorgan
ised Sector), while Informal
Sector is also known as _ _ _ _ (Organised Sector/ Unorganised Sector).
(iii) _ _ _ _ (Formal Sector/ Informal Sector) workers earn more
than the ___ _ (Formal
Sector/ Informal Sector) workers.
(iv) Out of the two sectors identified in (i) above, which one has
more share of India's workforce.
Ans. (i) Picture A: Informal Sector; Picture B: Formal Sector.
(ii) Organised Sector; Unorganised Sector.
(iii) Formal Sector; Informal Sector.
(iv) Informal Sector.
Q. 4. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:

Picture A Picture& Picture(

People unemployed during More workers engaged in work People willing to work, but failed
certain seasons of the year than are actually required to get work
(i) Identify the Pictures A,·B and C as types of unemployment in India.
(ii) Out of the types of unemployment identified in (i) above:
(a) Which one is also known as Hidden Unemployment?
(b) In which type of unemploymer:'t, there are no employment opportunities
for all months in
the year in agriculture?
(c) Which type of unemployment can be seen and counted in terms of number
of unemployed
people?
(d) In which type of unemployment, marginal productivity of extra workforce
is zero?
Ans. (i) Picture A: Seasonal Unemployment; Picture B: Disguised Unemp
loyment; Picture C: open
Unemployment.
. ed
(ii) (a) Disguised Unemployment; (b) Seasonal Unemployment; (c) Open Unempl
oyment; (d) Disguis
Unemployment.
I ti I PICTURE BASED QUESTIONS (PBQs) J
Q. 1. From the given pictures, answer the followin g questions:

Picture A PktureB

! a,* ,~
~~ (
Bacteria
~- ...
Animals
'
Plants Air
e r~
_,.,
Soil
'--
Water

(i) Identify Picture A and Picture B as Biotic and Abiotic Elements. . re e1e,ne111S
1
(ii) Biotic elements include all _ _ _ _ (living / Non-living) elements, whereas abio
include all _ _ _ _ (Living / Non-living) elements. ch other-
(iii) - - - - is the sum total of all the biotic and abiotic factors that influence ea
Ans. (i) Picture A: Biotic Elements; Picture B: Abiotic Elements.
(ii) Living, Non-living.
(iii) Environment.
 • En vir on me nt an d Su sta ina
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - .l
ble De vel op me nt
.7 :. :: .2 ~ s
~--- - - - - - - - - -
fol low ing qu est ion s:
(11~ iven pic tur es, an sw er the
frorn the g Picture c Picture D
2 A Picture B
Q. •
p; ct ur e- ~

(?.' '- ~ ..I,.! .,,,if

t-,. .. r
I, I '
,,
"Y.
,,, *.
,J

.~l~fd~~~,- ·f?•'.
;.- / I

i: . ....- . , ,' I f-
- •,
. •.·

-· I.·""

- ··,,.--!ll'!=i!'•
.~" ':;; . ..

hli gh ted in giv en pictures.

cha llen ge s to India's en vir on me nt as hig
(i) Ide ntif y the Global Warming?
nti fie d in (i) ab ove , wh ich on e is a ma jor reason for
(ii} ou t of the cha llen ge
s ide pic ted in the giv en
has be en set -up to ma na ge tw o challenges as de
ol Bo ard
(iii) Central Po llut ion Co ntr
pictures. Ide nti fy the m.
(i) Picture A: Air Po llut ion .
Ans, rests or Deforestation.
Picture B: De gra da tio n of Fo
n.
Picture C: Land De gra da tio
Picture D: Water Po llut ion .
(ii) Degradation of Forest.
Air Pollution.
(iii) (a) Water Po llut ion ; (b)
'.ot..AR Al rt fC
110",j

est ion s:
Q. 3, From the given pic tur
e, an sw er the fol low ing qu
t have
gh ts the various causes tha A - ' " '~ ~~
(i) The given pic tur e hig hli pe rat ure . _.,.! ~
pla ne t's ove ral l tem
significantly increased the \ /
Identify the ter m giv en to
such clim ate change. c n~ •
nc ep t N20~
wh ich ha ve led to the co I
(ii) State the ma in causes
. Als o, sta te its ha rm ful effects.
ide ntif ied in (i) above
Ans. (i) Global Warming.
(ii) Causes of Global Wa
rming:
to an increase in greenhouse
(a) Global wa rm ing is du e
ter vapour, carbon dioxide,
gas concentrations, like wa
atmosphere.
methane an d ozo ne in the dioxide, methane,
coa l an d pe tro leu m pro du cts (sources of car bo n
like
(b) Burning of fossil fuels,
nitrous oxide, ozone) . re.
n dio xid e in the atmosphe
De for est atio n, wh ich inc reases the am ou nt of car bo
(c)
in an ima l waste.
(d) Methane gas released du cti on an d the use of
cti on con trib ute s to de forestation, me tha ne pro
(e) Increased cat tle pro du
fossil fuels.
rm ing :
Harmful Effects of Glo ba l Wa has fed to a steep rise in
ltin g wo rld wid e, esp eci ally at the earth's poles. It
(a) Melting ofIce: Ice is me
ing .
sea level an d coastal flo od be com e stronger.
Hu rric an es an d oth er tro pic al storms are likely to
(b) Natural Disasters : laria,
tropical diseases, such as ma
es: Glo bal Wa rm ing has increased the incidence of
(c) Tropical Diseas
gu nya , etc.
cholera, de ng ue an d chi kun
7~
.:. • ~~------------
- - - - - - - - - - - -__l_nd_i....:a.:.:.n..:Econo-·

(d) Effect on Animals:Thousands of species (like polar bears) are in danger o f ~

•111co"',~

orn,ngexr
l
(e) Effect on Seasons:Global Warming has led to a shift in the cycle of seasons as surnrne 'l'lctf°'~-
unusually longer than winters. rsare9ettiog

Q. 4. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:

Picture B Picture(
Picture A
ROIEWABU NON-DWABII

_!!t.11:11 ~t· -

~f~b
Environment provides both Environment enables to Environment comprises Environment imprOVes
renewable and non-renewable remove waste products the sun, soil, water and air, the quality of life as it~
resources. without harming their all of which are necessary a reservoir of aesthetic
occupants. for human survival. beauty.

(i) Identify the different functions of the environment as depicted in the given pictures.
(ii) The environment is able to perform these functions without any interruption as long as demand
for these functions is within its _ _ __
Ans. (i) Picture A: Provides Resources for Production.
Picture B: Environment Assimilates Waste.
Picture C: Environment Sustains Life.
Picture D: Provides Aesthetic Services.
(ii) Carrying Capacity.
Q. S. From the given pictures, answer the following questions:

Picture A PictureB PictureC

Biopesticides

•
.. ....
nd
(i) Identify the strategies for sustainable development as highlighted in Picture A, Picture Ba
Picture C.
(ii) Out of th e strategies identified in (i) above, which one promotes a better method of peSt control?
(iii) Menf,on t wo more strategies
· . • ed ·n theabOvt
for sustainable development, which are not h1ghhght 1
~~ ~
Ans. (i) p· t A U f Cl t f Mini-HF·
,c ure : se o eaner Fuels; Picture B: Control of Biopest; Picture C: Establishmen o
Plants.
(ii) Control of Biopest.
(iii) (a) Traditional Knowledge and Practices; (b) Use of Bio-compost.