MATH 244 SPRING 2025 - Answers to Exam 3 Study Guide
Sections: 20-22, 27-29
Exam 3 will be o n Friday April 18th during class
0.1 Solving Systems of Equations
i Solve the system of equations below by applying row operations on the corresponding aug
mented matrix to convert it to the reduced row-echelon form. Write the solutions using free
variables as parameters.
X1 + 3X2 + X3 = 1
-4x1 - 9x2 + 2x3 = -1
-3x2 - 6x3 = -3
I 3 I
-1,f -� 2 -I
0 -3 - (, -3
3
\ 3 \ \ 3
C) � � \ cJ d
C) 0 ° 0
r
0 - '\-- 2
" \
O l i
c) 0 �
X �-;, -i .1r;S � 3 _z
+ 1' 3
)); ;.
' -11'!, 1
0 \
'fo � ' 1J
ii Solve the system of equations below by applying row operations on the corresponding aug-
mented matrix to convert it to the reduced row-echelon form. Write the solutions using free
variables as parameters.
xi + 3x2 - 5x3 = 4
xi + 4x2 - 8x3 = 7
-3x1 - 7x2 + 9x3 = -6
~ :s
0 \
0 1
3
\
0 0
s
.3
0
0.2 Computing Inverses
; Compute the ;nverse of the mafrix below usfog row operatfon . Show wmk
l O -2 )
-3 l 4
[
2 -3 4
I a -2 l 0 0 3{14-f/;~(2, > ~ 0 -2 ~ d 0
-3 \ L.f 0 l C)
)_ -~ '-1 d 0 I -2;( -t( ~(3 0 I -2 6 ~ d
I & 0 -3 i -2 d l 3(
2
tY.3
L 0 0 i 3 I f rt('l/'1L t O -2 ~00 ~
U
~
t \0 ~ \
0
0 ~ -2 3iO
C) 0~ 1 ~ I (fr -\:f I (\ -
~ 0 2 731
\iJ'?'j
~ () 0 r 1> \
0 L0 i0 ~ I
CJ 0 l
Xl 3/t 7,J
I r ~ I
e, 1- ~Jp. ~
"
~
...M
~o 4 I
r- _, '?,
½ ~(~ Yi
l
ii Compute the inverse of the matrix below using row operations. Show work.
1 -2 1
4 - 7 3
[ -2 6 -4
I ~
- 2.. l 0 O -lt f ~ -tfi.:, { 2- ~ ~ - 2 \ ioo
4 ... 7 3 () i a 0 I - I -~ ' 0
b -4 I pf1tf~.:=t I~
..... 2. CJ () 0 2 '2. '2. c> I
-u/1~.AJ { ~
i - I, i ~ o0
0 i --\ ~ ~o
,0--2.,"
0 CJ 0
~~ ~ J s ( ~
\~ ~\\ (c-...1
r
~ f>~ YN vi\ ~ C t l '1 o a o) .
,...
\s l.
~
1'\,<)t ; V\ " ~\
~~'I
}
0 . 3 . Det • • Linear Independence and D epen d ence
. ermmmg
i Fmd the
Show value(s)
work · of h which wo u ld make the set of vectors below linear·ly d epen d ent.
{[ _n, [ =n.[j n
~ w\ \1. ~ v-e.. (Fl)
hi,
( " ..,,..Xi'}
fp [WWI~ ~ ,, ~ ~ -, UV-I) .
I -l -3
o ' A-,~
o O 0
: ~=- ~
Not: t~ a1 ~ 10 (Ju~u ~
011111J'tle/) J. , 0 u ~
t i,,,nl r~ ~ vJw. i fi ( lJL.;~
, ~ wvv,,.._O . '3, .\-- \ koJJ l<_ 6,\,IJ v.lu,, 1~/.
l
ii Determine if the columns of the matrix below form a linearly independent set. Show work.
30 -7
-8 45
-1 5 -4
[
1 -3 2
~ ~ }j...
~
Y'r~t
~
'rW
I
0
0
\ 0
0 \ ;~c.,_ ~ s
LA) \ ~ \M \Jl
~
eJ 0 I
~ d d qif{ ~;JJ'T w/l-t "" Y1 s
v-ecfvf~ qive
Coif ji1t~J
;L.~.{,J,
l h,. e°',1}
0.4 Determinants using Cofactor Expansion
i Compute the given determinant by cofactor expansions. At each step, choose a row or column
that involves the least amount of computation.
07 06 8
0 41
6
8 7 9 3
r0 4 0 5
0fCMA)IC/\1
...
ii Compute the given determinant by cofactor expansions. At each step, choose a row or column
that involves the least amount of computation.
1 -2 4 2]
0 0 3 0
2 -4 -3 5
[
2 0 3 5
hJ\J 2 .
tO
2 0 +Ot ? (--1') (-½) tO
~ r0
3.q System s of Differential equilt ions
olve the system x' = ( ~ ~ ) x and ;ketch th e phase portrait.
2
s.~.. : (...;.,.J. ~ .,,;tt"'..Q,..,.. ,w (A-- ~.i:)~o -::.J "A - 3 ~- 4 ~o
0~1)(-l-~)~ :::.."') 1,~-\il,~ ~
::>C, ~ )(v ~o
X•t({~ =l ( t,']
0· -~] ~ [" -J<}) ;~,,[~J
~~ 1--,.,:. ~ =-/ ~~ ~ [D
11 olve the IVP:
x' = ( -S !2 ) x x(O) = ( ~ )
5'o j,.J;.;.; f-AMI f.J .U~ . So\,., iW et.=,H ) <-(I
~
1
-+ 7 ~ -\- (., -=-0
t Y"L~~ k ~I~ -.I► '
~ -~,r ~ l-4, ' '
J
l x~ x. l1;J
f ~ [;J
4' - t
p ; cA- x" ~ It~":>
1
~ ol,Js: ~ J;'1f Ls
i~1 ~ { [~]er+ ~t:1e•t
t m of differ ntial quations given b { x; = x - 3y
Y = -2x + 2y •
SoWfl' : f~ Ccrw.J -k, ~~ ~ . w-- x~ [~3 . ~
__)
~ o U ;s c_, ~ c/11 -t 't_, ~ ll:. t-- w~
l v
LVtJl- Q,j~_µ,i~
~ ~-tr~·
M- [/-t\ -3 ] - : 'f\-i.._ 3t\-~ :: (a-.1")(n-4J -:::i) C\1,.:. -I
7
"l,,~~
-~ k-r
C\)4'\M Lt~ ,). yr 4, ,:_ ~ L~] ,
{L 2
l{J
CH
iv Solve the linear .y. tern x' = [ ~3 =: ]x.
M'(ll---~'l)-=- Nt~:5·?, -
Lr)_
I
-,-~
J~ C-lG.i.~'(:•l
I
(i~~) - (-,')Ci-\:.
/\~ _J.::i:~
-0.5 Multiple Choice Questions
Answer the following questions by clearly circling the correct answer.
i Let u~ [ -! l ~ -n
'V [ 'w ~ [ -n ~ -n
andz
Which one of t he following sets is linearly dependent?
[
B . {v,w}
D . {u+v,w}
YT ,.J e, ().Yf L. ( J._ ')'\""1 ~ 4,t-~
1
t~ iff l -iJ ~ ; Mdi~ ti ,:w)
~ ~ ~ [j]) [t]J ~ 1.;.
ii u1 , u2, uj, u-:i_ are vectors in IR 3 . Which one of the following sets of vectors could be a linearly
independent set of vectors?
tt R3)
~ J.rJ, ( 4 f.el~
"JVI
C. ~s J~J, ( Co~tot~v1S d)
n C¾ -i,---t V-tuN '
rs °'-J ✓ c. c,i1tt L,i1- 2,)
0 'S J, d, t f
~ t ov-Ll ~ J·1'
1 0 ll
iii The rank of the matrix o 1 2 is
[2 2 6
A. 0 B. 1
@ 2' D. 3
(,~vJ- +o 1'/ tf ~
~
0
0 \
' 1..
i
CJ l
d
2
: , ntt )~ ~
O 4 1- u cJ d ~Y{ 2.,
'V'-"vl1( hl"I
iv The rank of the matrix [ ~
~
~~ ~~ ~1-
~ IS
G)1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4
-1 \ 4t v ~{~ l
c------
1 I I
~
~~,
CJ CJ d 0
._ y \ .-4. 1?, -, I~ 0 0 d u
U rJ d CJ
--"( \ -+ f I.\ -, { u1
• not invertible , then
v If A is an n x n matrix th at is
A• rank(A) = n B. Reduced row-echelon form of A = I
( 9 det(A) =0 D. AB= BA -- I n for some matrix B n
t:?1 M-h to
~J.~ irtS c3J A- ~~ ·,,,vJ:•~le
vi If A = [~ ! !] o 93 4]
0 O2 6 and B -- [2 ~ then det(AB- 1) is
0 0
A. 1
@ -2 B. 5
D. -66
vii Suppose A is an n x n matrix such that A 2 = A . Then det(A) must be
A. ± 1 G l or 0
C. A negative real number D. ± i
M ft~ <tl fr
~rr)1- :::- M~
~11:f- M~ ~o
M rr l M A- ~ ,) ~ 6
~M~=-0 , ul~ J.JA-vl
viii Assume t hat the reduced row-echelon form of the 4 x 4 matrix A is the matrix R. below.
Which of the following tatements is false?
R ~ [ ~; ~ 1]
A. det(A) =0
C. rank (A) = 3
0 A is invertible
D. The columns of A are linearly dependent
~~ 1r~f.
( ~) 11u e .
V,sh-e (oli-:. c.af ~)
(_ 1, Lol 1 +
S)v..'l U i t-o ,+~ Nt--
~
.....
{S \ j
~ V\ "i~lQ.
ix Which of t he following matrices are in reduced row-echelon form ?
A. Q and S only. B. P , Q and Sonly.
0 P , Q, and R only. D. All four of them .
~.-t.-~u id...
--v'W) +- s \V\ Lt
l.;j_
x The determinant of a matrix A is 5. If the matrix B is obtained from the matrix A by
applying the following sequence of row operations, what is the value of det B ?
2r2 ~ r 2
--------> B
B. -30
D.-6
