Bangladesh Army University of Engineering & Technology (BAUET)
Qadirabad Cantonment, Natore-6431
Lab Project Report
On
Waveform Generator Using Operational Amplifier
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Name: Anika Tasnim Ritu
Name: Mahmudul Hasan Polas Designation: Lecturer, Dept. of EEE,
BAUET
ID: 0812310205131032 Name: Md. Roisul Ajom Ruku
Designation: Lecturer, Dept. of EEE,
BAUET
Student of Batch: 17th Department: EEE
Course Code: EEE 2102 Credit Hours: 1.5
Course Title: Electrical Circuits II Sessional Date of Submission:24/05/25
Academic Semester: Fall 2024
Remarks
Date & Signature of Evaluator
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Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)
Table of Contents Page No.
1.Introduction…………………………………………... 3
2. Review of existing project…………………………………………………… 3
3. Critical Analysis and Problem Statement…………………………………………………….. 3-4
4. Objectives……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
5. Required Software & Modern Tools……………………………………………. 4
6.Project Design and Development…………………………………………………………………. 4
7. Noble Features of this project……………………………………………………………………… 5
8. Budget and Cost Management…………………………………………………………………… 5
9. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
10. References………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
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1. Introduction
Waveform generators are essential components in electronics laboratories
for simulating signals and testing equipment. Op-amps are versatile and
widely used in analog signal processing, making them ideal for waveform
generation. This project demonstrates how op-amps can be used to
generate sine, square, and triangular waveforms with specific frequency
and amplitude characteristics[1]
Figure 1:
2. Review of Existing Project
Previous waveform generator designs using op-amps typically combine a comparator (for
square waves) and an integrator (for triangular waves). The Wien Bridge Oscillator is a common
choice for generating low-distortion sine waves, though it requires amplitude stabilization.
Integrated circuits like XR2206 or digital methods using microcontrollers offer waveform
generation but are less educational and more complex compared to op-amp circuits.
Overall, op-amp-based designs are preferred for their simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness in
analog signal generation, especially in educational and lab environments. This project builds on
these well-established methods.[2]
3. Critical Analysis and Problem Statement
Waveform generators are vital tools in electronics, but existing solutions often face limitations
such as:
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Fixed or narrow frequency range
High distortion in sine wave output
Op-amp-based designs offer a cost-effective and educational alternative but still require careful
component selection and stabilization for reliable operation, especially in sine wave generation
4. Objectives
To design a waveform generator using operational amplifiers.
To generate sine, square, and triangular waveforms.
To achieve adjustable frequency and amplitude.
To analyze the waveform characteristics using simulation tools.
5.Required Software/Hardware/Modern Tools
Required software Version
1.NI Multisim Version14.2
2.Microsoft Word 2021
6.Project Design and Development
The waveform generator is designed using operational amplifiers to produce three types of
waveforms: square, triangular, and sine waves. The design is divided into three main stages: a
comparator, an integrator, and a sine wave oscillator. Each stage plays a specific role in
generating and shaping the desired waveform.
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7.Noble Features of this Project
Multi-Waveform Generation
Generates three essential waveforms—sine, square, and
triangular—using a single circuit setup.
Adjustable Frequency
Frequency can be easily tuned by varying resistor or
capacitor values, making it suitable for different testing
need
Low Cost and Readily Available Components
Uses commonly available components like op-amps,
resistors, and capacitors, ensuring affordability and
accessibility.
Simulation and Practical Testing
Can be easily simulated using tools like Proteus or LTspice
before real-world implementation, aiding in learning and
debugging.
8.Budget and Cost Management
You have to present a realistic budget for your research. One example is as below.
Si Particulars Estimated Budget
1 Resistor 15tk
2 Potentiometer 50tk
3 Capacitor 40tk
4 OP-amp 80tk
5 Breadboard 110tk
6 Battery 100tk
7 Connecting wires 20tk
Total 415tk
In Word: Four Hundred fifteen taka only
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9.Conclusion
The project is successful in demonstrating how operational amplifiers can be utilized in
generating various waveforms. With the aid of simple op-amp circuits like integrators,
comparators, and Wien Bridge Oscillators, a functional waveform generator was created. The
circuit is highly appropriate for laboratory setups, lectures, and small-scale audio signal
generation..
10.References
[1] National Semiconductor, “Function Generator Using LM324,” Application Note, 2002.
[Online]. Available https://www.ti.com/lit/an/snoa702a/snoa702a.pdf
[2] Texas Instruments, “Application Report: Wien Bridge Oscillator,” [Online]. Available:
https://www.ti.com/lit/an/sloa060/sloa060.pdf
