n FRACTIONS yt buds Chocolate is made from the seeds of the cacao tree aie (eeeds are called cocoa. Did you know? Jar aye The actual chocolate tastes bitter. The e chocolates that — we ea eat taste sweet because chocolate makers add a lot of sugar and milk. How many pieces of chocolates are there in the image? If Shaily ate += = parts and Shahid ate ; parts of this chocolate bar, who ate more? We will find answers to such questions in this chapter.In this chapter, the students will be able to: represent fractions on the number line. + identify types of fractions. + convert improper fractions to mixed fractions and vice versa. identify and find equivalent fractions. + write fractions in their simplest form. + compare and order fractions. + perform addition of fractions. + perform subtraction of fractions. " u ell) Fractions A fraction is described as a part of a whole. The whole can be an object, a group of objects or a quantity. Fraction as part of a whole When an object is divided into equal parts, each part is a fraction of the whole. Look at the shape given. The whole is divided into two equal parts. One part of the whole is i. Fraction as a group of objects There are a total of 4 apples. We can see that 3 apples out of 4 apples are green in colour. = 2 eo eo The fraction of green apples is 3 : And 1 apple out of 4 apples is red in colour. The fraction of the red apple is i. Numerator and denominator The denominator of a fraction is the total number of r q parts the whole is divided into. The numerator is the | (> number of parts to be considered. A fraction is written in the following form: Wa M ow numerator denominatorExample 1: Observe the given figure The circle is divided into 4 equal parts. Out of which, 1 part is coloured green Thus, 4 is the denominator and 1 is the numerator. a Therefore, we will write the fraction of the shaded part as 7 Remember, we can write fractions only when the whole is divided into equal parts. 1 Here, = is a fraction. 4 1. Write the fraction represented by the shaded part of the following figures. We cannot write fraction for age given above cannot have 0 in the denominator. a) b) c) d) e) f) 9) h) 2. Write the fraction represented by the coloured part in each of the following figures. oo3. Solve each of the following. a) — What fraction of a day is 2 hours? b) —_ Raunak has to solve 10 questions while doing his homework. He solved 3 questions. What fraction of questions cid he solve? c) A baker sold 3 cakes out of the 7 cakes that he had. Find the fraction of the cakes he sold. d) Write the fraction of prime numbers between 1 and 10. e) There are 12 women and 10 men workirg in an office. Find the fraction of men and women in the office. 84) Fractions on the number line We know how to represent whole numbers on a number line. Just like whole numbers, fractions can also be marked on the number line. Consider the fraction 3 Step 1: Draw a number line. Mark the points A, B and C at equal distances and mark them as 0, Land 2. A B a o T Step 2: Divide the distance between A and B into two equal parts. Mark the point as O. This is 2 on the number line. 2 A ° B c oH $ i t Ie 2 Step 3: Divide the distance between A and O into two equal parts and mark the point as P. This ie L , is — on the number line. 84 ts a Jeo B © a oT a i t 4 2 Step 4: Divide the distance between O and B into two equal parts and mark the point as Q. This is 7 on the number line. AZ o 9 8 c a “ya 3 aged 1. Represent the following fractions on a number line. 3 1 2 4 6 Oma 4 a5 a 2» -2. Fill the missing fractions in each of the following number lines a) b) c) d) 32 Types of fractions When the numerator of a fraction is less than the denominator, the fraction is known as a proper fraction. This type of fraction is always less than 1. 139 5 =,—,—., etc. are proper fractions. 7'21'12 The fractions When the numerator of a fraction is greater than the denominator, the fraction is known as an improper fraction. The fractions 34919" etc. are improper fractions. Remember: ot - Therefore, > is a whole number. Mixed fractions are fractions, which consists of a whole number and a fractional part. A mixed fraction can be written as the sum of a proper fraction and a whole number. The fractions 11,92 51 9.3, etc. are mixed fractions. 4 3°97 1 Unit fractions are the fractions that have 1 in their numerator. The fractions + 4 4 ae a etc. are unit fractions. 9'19'11. Identify each of the following fractions as proper, improper or mixed fractions. 1 9 6 3 a) = b) 8 = ad 2 e) 13 6 cs 9 3 7 4 qa 7 1 ‘| 1 A 7 1 = 9) 2% Bye a » 5 a 2. Which among the following are unit fractgs? 0 2 2 jy 3 wf 2 it 3 1 8 3 a 3. Rita had to drink 1 litre and ; litre of a glass of water. Express the quantity of water as a fraction. Write the type of fraction. sip 4. India has 28 states. There also are 8 union territories. Find the fraction of the union territories. Write the type of fraction. 33 Conversion of fractions Conversion of mixed fractions into improper fractions To convert mixed fractions into improper fractions, follow the following steps. + Multiply the whole number by its denominator. + Add the numerator to the answer. + Write the answer as numerator and keep the denominator same. - 1 5 1) Convert sz into improper |2) Convert 45 into improper |3) Convert 35 into improper fraction. fraction. fraction. 5x3)+2_17 ion: 4h = (4*7)41_ 29 ion: 35 = (3%9)*5 _ 32 5 SI Solution: 45° = Solution: | 5 5 Solution: 5. Conversion of improper fractions Into mixed fractions To convert improper fractions to mixed fractions, follow the following steps. Divide the numerator by the denominator. Write the quotient as the whole number and the remainder as the numerator and keep the denominator same.Let’s see some examples. n 1: Convert == to mi: i 24 Example 5 xed fraction. Example 2: Convert <> to mixed fraction. 2+— whole number denominator—+s) 11 3 a 7) 24 01 +— numerator oo 11 1 24 herefore, — “<5. - a The 5 “5 Therefore, 7 7 (2*5)+1 11 Cheek: 22 = (25)*2 - 12 Check: 33 =(87)+31 _24 Therefore, our answer is correct. Therefore, our answer is correct. (Eb tlustrative Examples y Ae ie Example: Midhila cut two apples in 4 equal pieces. She had 7 pieces in all. Represent the number of apples with her in terms of fraction. Solution: We know that 1 apple is cut into 4 equal pieces. t= 1 The fraction represented by each piece of apple is 7 pieces of apples s The fraction of pieces Midhila had LE 1. Express the following as improper fractions. a 72 b) 3a 2 93 ad 85 °) 9 62 a 32 hy) 68 ) 12 » 8 2 Express the following as mixed fractions. a 2 » 2 » 2 a # 0 2 9 F 2 = » 2 » 2 » & ®0 3. Arecipe calls for ° cups of milk and ; cups of flour. Represent the J ingredients used in the recipe as mixed fractions. 4. Tarak recycled a boxes of paper. Represent the fraction as an improper fraction. 5. Saanvi and Nidhi have 2 pizzas. Each pizza is divided into 4 equal pieces. Saanvi had her full pizza and 2 pieces from Nidhis pizza Express the fraction of pizza eaten by Saanvi as mixed and improper fractions. @ Equivalent fractions Two equal slices of watermelon are cut into equal pieces. The first slice is cut into 8 equal pieces and the second one is cut into 4 equal pieces. Look at the pieces taken out. They are equal. We can say that 2 equal pieces out of 8 equal pieces are the same as 1 equal piece out of 4 equal pieces. aed Therefore, we can say that . refore, we y 37a The value of the fractions are the same. Such fractions are called equivalent fractions. Example: Consider the fractions given below. Here we can see that even though the numerators and denominators are changed, their value remains the same. Therefore, * = oe 6 BIN 2Forming equivalent fractions Equivalent fractions can be formed using multiplication and di To find equivalent fractions using multiplication, multiply the numerator and the denominator by the same number. To find equivalent fractions using di divide the numerator and the denominator by the same number. + . 1 Example 1: Find equivalent fractions of 5. 20 Example 2: Find the equivalent fractions of >. 1_1x2_2 Identify the common number by which the 2 2x2 4 numerator and the denominator can be divided. a Here, both 20 and 30 can be divided by 2, 5 and 10. 1_1 a2 1_2_3 246 Checking for equivalent fractions To check whether two fractions are equivalent or not, cross multiply the fractions. If both the products are the same, then the fractions are equivalent. Example: Check if* and 8 are equivalent. 5 10 Solution; $5 8, 4x 10~= 40 and 5 x8 40 Therefore, é and © are equivalent. 10 Bs Mlustrative Examples 4 Example 1: Write the equivalent fraction of 7 with the denominator 28. Solution; Here, to make the denominator 28, we have to multiply the denominator 7 by 4. Therefore, to find the equivalent fraction with denominator 28 we have to multiply numerator also by 4. 4 4x4 16 7 7x4 2gyo ® Example 2: Find the equivalent fraction of 28 Solution: The numerator and the denominator can be divided by 2, 3 and 6. 36+ 18 _18+3_ 18 6 36 36+3 12 1. Lea Shade and find the equivalent fractions of the given fractions. PS 'e d) e) Q 2 4 10 8 Check whether the fractions are equivalent. a penee 510 12 39 a 3'6 » 3036 9 918 0 FT ) iD 5 10 18 6 3 . 13 919 f : . hi J 1 )» 2 » 3020 9) ats ) 30°6 ap 9 333 Find any 3 equivalent fractions of the following by multiplication. 1 os 19 4» 20 13, as i | oy ie 6 » 3 he ). 2 )p 2 f) BD 9 7 ‘ 14 5 jd) rT4. Find equivalent fractions of the following by division. I 36 a) b) 15 18 45 24 8 2 40 a > 5 8 16 eco fayeeee 24 ; 42 38) 16 24 h) 36 ) 56 dD 2 5, _ Fill in the blanks. ) b) Go a8 328 9 3 ® ‘oie ° ia . 6 6. Nirmal read > th part of a book and Ridhi read 12 th part of the same book. Ridhi said that they read the same number of pages. Is she correct? 7. Check whether the following statements are true or false. 1 ules i 2 beth a. a cup of orange juice is the same as a cup of orange juice. b. $ cup of sugar is the same as 2 of sugar. k c. 1 Gp de mitkis the same as 3 2 eh Sok 6 1 d. z cup of water is the same as # cup of water. e. é cup of grape juice is same as 3 cup of grape juice. 8. Harsh had qth part of a pizza and Hari hadh3th part of the same pizza. “bid they eat equal pieces of pizza? 9. There are two ropes of equal length. Fronh the first rope 2th part is cut out and from the second rope th part is cut oo Are the cut-out parts equal? 3 9 10. Nyra had some balls. Out of which 3 of them were yellow and 5 of them were blue. Are the yellow and blue balls equal in number? Cet. AD. aD Tam a fraction. My denominator is twice my numerator. My numerator and denominator are less than 10. 1 am equivalent to =- Which fraction am I? ° ee aObjective: to find equivalent fractions using fraction strips. Prerequisite: Cut strips of equal dimensions. Divide each strip into 2, 3, 4, ... 12 equal parts as shown in the picture alongside. Cut each part representing the fractions. Procedure: Find equivalent fractions by keeping different strips together as shown below. Example: I S This shows shot : 2 Ean Using the strips find the other equivalent fractions of 1 7 ee Space for working35 Simplest form of fractions When the numerator and denominator of a fraction are in their lowest forms, it is called the simplest. A fraction in its simplest form is when its numerator and denominator are co-prime. 32 Example 1: Reduce 0 to its simplest form Solution: HCF of 32 and 40 is 8. 32_32+8_4 40 4078 5 4 Therefore, ¢ is the lowest form of 22, Example 2: Reduce s to its simplest form. vs Solution: HCF of 66 and 72 is 6. 66 _66+6_11 72 72+6 12 ll Therefore, + is the lowest form of s. as 1. Simplify each of the following fractions. 54 112 15 35 14 a b) oy o a 4 3 . F 4 5 18 7 52 F 26 9 3 9 20 hot » & as 2. Check whether the following fractions are in their lowest form. Write Yes/No. 5 4 & = 24 a 3 » = a 5 a’ 2 \ 3. Ina class of 36 students, 12 students come by school bus, 8 students come by car, and the rest walk to school. Write the fraction of students coming in different modes in the simplest form. Mira works 8 hours in a day. For what fraction of the day does Mira work? Express the fraction in its simplest form.~ 88 Like and unlike fractions The fractions whose denominators are the same are known as like fractions, whereas the fractions whose denominators are different are known as, unlike fractions. 35611 Some e: il Ps . xamples of like fractions are 777" 7 1 ete 41213 9°3'5"11° ete Any operation on fractions is possible only if the fractions are like fractions. Hence, to perform operations on unlike fractions we need to convert the unlike fractions into like fractions, Some examples of unlike fractions are | To convert unlike fractions to like fractions, find the LCM of the denominators and convert the fractions to equivalent fractions. Example 1: Convert $2 into like fractions. Example 2: Convert it into like fractions Solution: The LCM of denominators is 35. Solution: The LCM of denominators is 8. 4.47 28 44 2_2*5 20 aha 3 gees 5 5x7 35 7 7x5 35 28 10 Hence, the like fractions are Zand +. Hence, the like fractions are 22and20.. eae 35 1. Group the like fractions. pans Gritz 5'7'8'5'11'5'5'9'6' 5 2. Convert each of the following unlike fractions into like fractions. eee aa ee d BS FF ») a5 ) To 12°15 19 26 61 13 hy 42 2 7s 2 OG 45 os 4 3 into like fractions. Convert 4zand4e into like fractions.87 Comparing and ordering fractions Comparison of fractions when the denominators are equal (like fractions) If the fractions are like fractions, compare the numerators. The fraction with the greater numerator is greater. Example 2: Place the correct signin the box. 3 ; Solution: Compare the numerators. Since 3 > 1, the fraction 3 is greater than i. Therefore, Comparison of fractions when the numerators are equal. When the numerators of the fractions are same, compare the denominators. The fractions having the smaller denominator is greater. 3 3 Example 1: Compare the fractions > and 5. Solution: | Compare the denominators. Since 7 < 8, the fraction Sk ter than 2 7 is greater 2° 3) Therefore, 37 Comparison of fractions when the numerators and denominators are different. If the fractions are unlike, convert it into like fractions and then compare the numerators of those fractions. 4° 3 Example 1: Compare the fractions Zande. Solution: Convert the fractions into like fractions. LCM of 7 and 5 is 35. 4x5 20 3*7 _21 7535 4 57" 35(22 Mustrative Examples « Example 1: Rustom and Anant are eating a cake. The amount of cake they ate is listed below. Rustom ate = of the cake. Anant ate 2 of the coke Who ate more? Solution: To compare who ate the most and the least, we have to convert the fractions into like fractions. 3 3 3x3 9 easter 9° 9x19 3_2 And,=>2 nds > Therefore, we can say that Rustom ate the most of the cake and Anant ate less. Example 2: How many pieces of chocolates are there in the image? If Shaily ate 2 Parts and Shahid ate 22 parts of this chocolate, who ate more? Solution; 32 There are 32 pieces of chocolate. To compare who ate the most and least, we have to convert the fractions into like fractions. LCM of 4 and 32 is 32. 2 2x8 16 4 4x8 32 10 16 10 16 32°32 Therefore, we can say that Shaily ate more. Example 3: Arrange the following fractions in descending order. Solution: 4.4.4.4 567 8 5<6<7<8 Therefore, eee 5 67 8 Example 4: Order the following mixed fractions in the descending order. 1 82.52.35 Solution: First, compare the fractions by the whole numbers. The whole numbers are 8, 5 and 0) , N 3. \ee Therefore, just by comparing whole numbers, we get the answer. 1.63.41 $0, 85> 55 73>. Example 5: Order the following mixed fractions in the ascending order. 23.24.25 | solution: Convert the fractions to improper fractions. 1 a | Lcm of 8, 4and 2is 8,22, 9-9%*2_18 5_5*4_ 20 8'4 4x2 8'2 2x4 8 We see that, 2 2 2. therefore 223 <25, 1. Compare the following fractions. a) 203 5) cue 0 2 « 2% » g02 » 2 o» 0s » Me » 28 » Zo2 w» athe » 4adthZ m) aig n) 13[b3 °) 72[5Z p) 23 [52 | 2. Arrange the following fractions in the ascending order. 4) e) 32,33,312.35 f)4. Rashi bought 3 kg of onion. Saranya bought kg of onion. Who bought less onion? 5. The fractions, representing the strength of girls and boys in a class are 3 and z respectively. Who are more in number? 6. Diya cut a cake into 6 equal pieces and had 3 of them. Dhruv cut his cake into 4 equal pieces and had 1 of them. Who ate more cake? 7. Tom spends 2th of a day working and Ron spends ith of a day working. Who spends more time working? 8. A deer sleeps 2 of an hour and a giraffe sleeps 2 of an hour. Who sleeps more? 38 Addition of fractions Adding like fractions To add like fractions, follow the steps given below. Step 1: Add the numerators of the given fractions. Step 2: Write the sum of the numerators keeping the denominator same. Step 3: Simplify the fraction, if possible. 2 1 9 4 Example 1: Add 7 and 2. Example 2: Add 73 9473. poe erases) Solution; 2 +4 -9*4.13 Solution: 7+ 3-7-7] 13°13 13 «13 Bay 13 = 2 + 4 + Therefore, 13°13 z + 1 - B a 4 (4— a Adding unlike fractions To add unlike fractions, follow the steps given below Step 1: Convert the unlike fractions to like fractions step 2: Add the like fractions. Step 3: Simplify the fractions, if possible 2 ona 2 :Add + and * Example 1:Add mF Solution: Convert the unlike fractions to like fractions. 2,2*3_ 6 4 4*3 12 6 _2+6_ 8 ada, 2+ £2226. 8 es ee The equivalent fraction of 3 2 2 2 + Therefore. To add a fraction and a whole number, we have to add and make mixed fraction 3 | Example: Add 3 and a | Solution: 3+ 4-4 : Convert mixed fraction to improper fraction to get the sum. 33.15 144 Adding mixed fractions There are two methods of adding mixed fractions. They are given below. Method 1 Method 2 Step 1: Convert the mixed fractions to Step 1: Add the whole numbers in the given improper fractions. fractions. Step 2: If the fractions are unlike, then Step 2: Add the fractional part. implify the fraction, if possible. ‘ombine the whole number sum and convert it to like fractions. Step 3: Add the fractions. ; Step 4: Rewrite the sum as a mixed the fraction sum to get the final answer. fraction.Example 1: 52422 6°74 Solution: Method 1 Method 2 Step 1: Convert the mixed fractions to Step 1: Add the whole numbers in the improper fractions. 55 4 22 a given fractions. Gaara ieeouara 5+2=7 Step 2: Convert the improper fractions to Step 2: Add the fractional part. like fractions. LCM of 6 and 4 is 12. 2x6 _12 35 _ 35x 0 6 6x4 24°4 4x6 24 GimG=2ena27 20 ,12 _ 32 aoe LO sso) 24°24 24 4 4x3 12 Step 3: Simplify the fraction if possible Step 3: Add the like fractions. oa re 1 : 70, 30 100 24373 1212 12 Step 4: Combine the whole number sum Step 4: Rewrite the sum as mixed and the fraction sum to get the fraction. final answer. ligt 1 7eitegh 100_,4_,1 5785 R12 °3 3 Example 2: Sagar planted 17 rows of carrots and ub rows of onions in a garden. How many rows of vegetables did he plant in all? Problem-solving strategy at 1 ; There are 13 rows of carrots and 11 rows of! ; ; We need to find the total number of rows of vegetables in the garden. Cp Solve the problem. 3,41 13412 alg onions in a garden. by adding the fractions of rows of carrots and onions Therefore, Sagar planted 3 rows of vegetables in all.1. ‘Add the following fractions. 13,2 9,3 11,7 1,2 ®) 16°16 astis 9 a5%Gs oa 5,3 a 1,6 6,2 343 f A435 ’ £42 te ae > ots 2) h a2"9 1,53, 3,91 ae 9 416 A473 3,91 9446 ) 3y0*7e = 8G95 ky 35426 N36" ‘Answer the following questions. re) a) Shashank painted 3 of the wall in his room. His sister Sashi helped him and painted i of the wall. How much did they paint together? b) Isha read 25 pages of a book containing 50 pages. Sarita read : of the same book. How much did they read in all? ©) Pratiksha bought 12 metre of ribbon, and Samiksha bought 3 metre of ribbon. What is the total length of the ribbon they bought? 4) Dhanashree completed i crosswords on Tuesday and 3 crosswords on Monday. What fraction of the crosswords did Dhanashree complete? 1 ©) Arecipe calls for 2k cups of chopped tomatoes and 1 cups of diced tomatoes. How many cups of tomatoes does the recipe need? 1) Ankita used 2 cup of water at first and 3 cup of water 4 later in a recipe. How much water did she use?9) Gowri ate 3 part of biscuits and Govind ate 2 part of biscuits. What fraction of biscuits did they eat together? h) Sneha gave 2 part of a cake to Manik and 2 part of cake to Nidhi. What is the fraction of cake Manik and Nidhi have altogether? i) Rahul read 2 part of an article in the morning and 4 of the article in the evening, Did he finish reading the article? © crotenge” TL Ay Find the perimeter of a rectangle, if its length is 24 mand breadth is 33 m. [Hint: perimeter of rectangle = length + length + breadth + breadth] $9 Subtraction of fractions @ Subtracting like fractions To subtract like fractions, follow the steps given below. Step 1: Subtract the numerators of the given fractions. Step 2: Write the difference of the numerators keeping the denominator same. Step 3: Simplify the difference, if possible. 4 Example 2: Subtract > from +4 — P| ul ract > from D- Example 1: Subtract? frome Solution: 21 5-11-56 _1 12°12 12 N ule wl i aSeS subtracting unlike fractions To subtract unlike fractions, follow the steps given below step 1: Convert the unlike fractions to like fractions. step 2: Subtract the like fractions. step 3: Simplify the difference, if possible. 85 Example 1 OG solution: step 1: Convert the unlike fractions to like fractions. LCM of 9 and 6 is 18. g_8x2_16 5_5*3_15 9° 9x2 186 6x3 18 step 2: Subtract the like fractions. 26-15. _1 18 18 18 Step 3: Simplify the difference, if possible. Here, it cannot be further simplified. fore, 8-5 eb Therefore, 96 18° To subtract a fraction from a whole number, we have to write the whole number a as fraction and follow the same steps that we followed while subtracting two unlike fractions. 1 Example: Subtract 3 from 2 Solution: 2-2. 5-2. since, 2 and 1 are unlike fractions, we will first convert both to like fractions, and then pro- 12 wh nin ceed to subtract the like fractions to obtain the answer LCM of 1 and 2 is 2. 12°22°2°°2 Subtracting mixed fractions In order to subtract two mixed fraction, we can follow two different methods as given below. Method 1 Method 2 Step 1: Convert the mixed fractions to Step 1: Subtract the whole numbers in the improper fractions. given fractions. Step 2: If the fractions are unlike, convert Step 2: Subtract the fractional part. them to like fractions. Step 3: Simplify the difference, if possible. Step 3: Subtract the like fractions. Step 4: Combine the whole number Step 4: Rewrite the difference as mixed difference and the fraction fraction. difference to get the final answer.Example 1: Subtract si from9> Solution: Method 1 Method 2 Step 1: Convert the mixed fractions to Step 1: Subtract the whole numbers in the improper fractions. given fractions. 9- 5= 4 Step 2: Convert the improper fractions to like fractions. LCM of the denominators of the fractional part (2 and 4) is 4. 2 Step 2: Convert the unlike fractions to like fractions. LCM of 2 and 4 is 4. 19 _19*2_38 202x204 Step 3: Subtract the like fractions. Step 3: Subtract the like fractions. 21_1 eoreretd 444 Step 4: Simplify the difference, if possible. Step 4: Rewrite the difference as a mixed Here, simplification is not possible. fraction. Step 5: Combine the whole number difference and the fraction difference to get the final answer. aetegl 4 °4 1 1 Example 2: Two vessels together contain ¢ litres of milk. If one vessel contains 3 litres of milk, find the quantity of milk in the other vessel. Problem-solving strategy = There is a total of 5 litre of milk. fraction of milk in the other vessel 6 One vessel contains 4 litre of milk. By subtracting the quantity of milk in one vessel milk from total quantity of 1 1 cy of 4and6is 12. 31 _ 31*2_ 62 13 So, += = 62 13 | 13%3 _ 39 6 6x2 12'4 4x3 12 By subtracting the fractions we get, 62_39_23_,11 12:12 12 “12 Therefore, the other vessel contains 12+ litres of milk, 12 milk.1 subtract the following fractions. ons 10_2 95 ) 93°3 » 2D Q $3 4) 40°40 oe 8 _ 71 7.4 ) 2418 7 ae 9 De h) Q2as i) i) k) ) 7higd 8 Answer the following questions. 6 a a) Rahul bought kg of rice. He fed kg of rice to birds. How many kilograms of rice does Rahul have now? ®) Prakash had -©m of ribbon and he cut Em from it. What fraction of ribbon is left with Prakash? ©) Ina building, 5. of the people work in a bank. Out of which, ‘9 is z are male. Find the fraction of female workers in the bank. 4) It takes 32hrs to reach office, out of which 22 hrs are spent in train and the remaining in bus. How much time is spent in the bus? e) Find the difference between the largest and the smallest fraction from the following set. 32,22,32,12 5° 2°43 f) Ryan has drank dot a glass of water and Sanjit drank 2 . Who drank more water and by how much?@ 9) h) A shopkeeper sold : of the pens he had. What fraction of pens are left with the shopkeeper? _ 1 Ritu walked 2 of akilometre on Day 1 and + of a kilometre on Day 2. On which day did she walk more and by how? Reema bought 2 kg of mango. Rithin bought 2 kg of mango. Who bought more man goes? How much more? The sum of two fractions is ©. If one of the fractions is Z, find the other fraction. 7Instructions: + Roll the number dice and begin only after getting a six. After you get a six, choose the game counter and place it on START. + Roll the dice again and move forward the same number of spaces as shown on the dice. + Solve the question mentioned on the block you land. If you solve the sum correctly, you can stay there. If not, go back to your last position. + The target of the game is to reach the FINISH block. 3.1 Sy + (MIN eae & oF MOVE 33 som 1+. eae ERs 4 8G=9) 1. What fraction of a metre is 75 cm? 20 white ball Ina packet of balloons, 1 are white, and the rest are blue. If there are 20 w loons, the total number of balloons in the packet is sty of thes Four flavours of ice creams were there at Yash's birthday party. The quantity 0 the ice creams left at the end of the party is given below, creams were equal. The fraction o| Which ice-cream flavour was remaining the most? 1 chocolate : vanilla : - 5 s strawberry : 4 butterscotch : : A fraction is described as a part of a whole. The denominator of a fraction is the total number of parts the whole is divided into. The numerator is the number of parts to be considered. When the numerator of a fraction is less than the denominator, the fraction is known as a proper fraction. When the numerator of a fraction is greater than the denominator, the fraction is known as an improper fraction. Mixed fractions are fractions, which consists of a whole number and a fractional part. Unit fractions are the fractions that have 1 in their numerator. Fractions which have equal value are called equivalent fractions. The fractions whose denominators are the same are known as like fractions. The fractions whose denominators are different are known as unlike fractions. Revision Exercise - = — Represent the following fractions on the number line. a) b) °) d) e) ) 9) wl Nie RIN BIW @)w win wane h)SE —_— Identify the fractions represented by each letter: Ht oO s #2 # : 4 8S 6 FS 0 b 1 0 ' 2 1 Ee mee ur + Convert the following mixed fraction int&improper fractions. 5 3 2 2 a) 32 b Ke 7 ad) 42 ) 35 » 52 28 p45 1 3 1 5 3= f) 4= = hi - e) 35 > 48 9) 22 » 38 Find any 3 equivalent fractions of the following by multiplication. a 5 yg Find equivalent fractions of the following by division. 16 10 34 b) 50 Fill in the missing number to create equivalent fractions. a aie 7 Simplify the following fractions. 20 5 12 4 < = ©) —~ d 2 24 ») 35 y 38 y 18 16 25 44 56 16 25 aa h 40 50 9 2 2 Convert the following unlike fractions into like fractions. a) 410 b) 161 4 1 1B» Bg oo Bo 8. 10 14pS) 10. 11. 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. a “pa ESE ~- °° } © — — Write the following fractions in the ascending order. 16 4.9 13 6) 35°5° 10°15 Arrange the fractions in descending order. 3412 8'5'4'2 sinand 6t m long. Find the total length of the ropes. b) Punya bought Ska of apples and z kg of oranges. Find the total weight of the fruits bought by her. wa= 4 onde = 1S What is the value of A +8? ° From a rope of length 47 2m is cut. Find the length of the remaining piece of rope. 2 q ol — Mrs. Shah had 4— boxes of pencils, out of which 27 of boxes were broken. After she threw out the broken pencils, how many boxes of pencils were left? 4 “a , 3 Megha used = cup of orange juice to make jelly and = cup of orange Juice to make a cake. In which recipe did she use more orange juice? Jyothi had 1 hour to make a cake. She made the batter for ith of an hour and the rest for baking. How much time did she spend in baking? Manas used 2th tissue paper from a pack for making a doll and 2th tissue paper for making card. What fraction of tissue paper did he use altogether? / 1 A watermelon weighs kg more than a musk melon. The weight of the musk melon is deg, What is the weight of the water melon?ae - - 30. Rithu had a pizza cut into 8 equal parts. She had 2th of it. What vias, 21. fraction of pizza is left with her? Naina walks goes to the shop and came back. The shop is at km away from her home. How much distance did she travel? The length of one side of an equilateral triangle is 25cm, Find the perimeter of the triangle. LJ) Review Worksheet Choose the correct option. 1 Which of the following is correct? 3_9 5_15 13 Ca 9 37 i0 Fat ee Eo 4 7728 3, The expression whose value is 3 is 1,3 ed anc 1 a 443 » ate 442 o 22 The fraction of letters that are made of only line segments in the word LETTERS is 4 5 3 3 a) é b) oF o. 5 d) 4 The sum of gon+2+208 is 4) 1 a) <) 100 d) 101 5 Find the width of the following rectangle, if the width is 4 cm less than its length. 1 a) 23 b)10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 5 # What should come in the place of #? $1 = 4 a) 8 b) 6 Qo 7 a 8 ' 861 Solve the following sum, *_§ 1 15 9 a 3 » ad 9 4 Kedar's dad travels one and half hours each way to work. What part of his day is spent commuting to and from work? c) 2hours d)_— 3 hours 1 a a b 7 3) d) 10 10 5 10 Which of the following is correct? cd 2,4 aie ooo fe ee 8) 4075 a) ate My height is 2 cm more than 3 of a metre. What is my height in centimetres? a) 102 cm b) 98 cm c) 77cm d) 73cm The equivalent fraction of 3 with numerator 12 is 5 a) 22 b) 2 G) d) 22 20 25 i2 is Sneha broke a chocolate into pieces. What is the fraction of the broken chocolates? - 1 » 3 oat > 2 2 3. 2 a 2 Find the missing fraction. 34 <1 4 3 » 4 oe 4) by2 c) 12 d)18Ge” (2, decimats Lake Baikal, in Siberia, is the deepest lake in © the world. = "Oe F , Lake Tanganyika is 1.47 km deep. Find the depth of Lake Baikal, \j the depth of which is 0.172 ki 7OD ee E— In this chapter, the students will be able to: represent decimals in their standard and expanded forms. convert unlike decimals to like decimals. convert decimal numbers to fractions. * convert fractions to decimal numbers. * compare two or more decimal numbers. + add and subtract decimal numbers. + use decimals in real-life applications. ee Decimal fractions are the fractions that have multiples of 10 (like 10, 100, 1000, etc.) as their denominators. The fraction -© is written in decimal form as 0.6. The fraction 23 is written in decimal form as 0.23. Check what you know & Write the following fractions in their decimal forms. 3 35 5 a 9 a by a. = a= a= 10 100 100 10 i100 23 7 3 , 18 / 92 i . = i = hoe ee 10 10 100 100 100 14 Introduction to decimals Observe the given place value chart. Places Thousands | Hundreds Tens Value In the place value chart, as we move towards right, what comes after the ones place? We get a fraction, which can be represented in decimals. : Tenths, hundredths and thousandths The decimal fractions that have 10, 100 and 1,000 as denominator: are called tenths, hundredths and thousandths respectively. ” un Ul—_, —— For example, 2 4 1.93, 4-02, 4= 10 10 10 oo 100 ix —=0. 02, 5 = 0.04 and is .06 represents hundredths 1 aw 7000 .001, 000 0.002, opp 004 and =, 9 0.006 represents thousandths Place value and decimals @. decimal point decimal or fractional part Inthe number given above: + isin the tens place. + 7isinthetenths place. + 6is in the thousandths place. + 4is in the ones place. + 5s in the hundredths place. Example 1: Write the following decimals in the place value chart. a 3.6 b. 88.109 e 299.02 d. 41,195 Hunde ce ons Tenths | Hundredths | Thousandths i i 1 a0 "2 4 10 100 1000 3 6 8 8 1 ° 9 2 9 9 0 2 L_ 4 1 1 9 os Example 2: Write the following decimals in their expanded forms. @ 4.726 Solution: 4.72 a 6 4075 106 1000 1 nano Tad sansts T500 = 4x1+7%0.1+2%0,01+6%0.001 7 = 4+0.7+0.02+0.006b. 123.204 Solution: 123.204 = #100+24101 3:44 26591 0% a +4xs500 i =15100) 24104 3x14 20 —+0+4« *T000 Pee at coor =100+20+3+0.2+0.004 Example 3: Write the following decimals in their standard forms and also write them in words, oe cl b. g00+0+5+ 2 + " 10" 100 * 1000 : 10 100 4 2 po oe & 70+1+555 + i000 d. 300+20+ 75 + 795 Solution: a. b. 600+50+8+0.2+0.03+0.009 = 658.239 = six hundred fifty-eight point two three nine. 800+0+5+0.3+0.06 = 805.36 = eight hundred five point three six. ¢. _70+1+0.04+0.002 = 71.042 = seventy-one point zero four two. d. 300+20+0.9+0.02 = 320.92 = three hundred twenty point nine two. Qa : 1. Write the following decimals in the place value chart. a. 5.83 b. 129.91 c 324.829 d. 0.008 e 321.02 f. 178.203 a Write the expanded form of the following. a 15 be 25)76) c. 485,718 d. 901.09 e. 36.002 f. 701.01 3. Write the following decimals in their standard forms. a, 2x100+4x10+5x1+24_7 fo x * x1+. a) + Ss oe > 3100+8x10+981+ 4 6S 4 5 c 2*l0+ +a d. 5x100+7x10+2x1+3, 4, Write the following decimals in words. a 239 b. 19.202 © 772701 4 829.001 © 726.072 f 28.01 oO —— SZqa Like and unlike decimals umber of decimal places he number of digits in the decimal or fractional part gives the number of decimal places. For example, the number 2.7 has one decimal place. the number 33.49 has two decimal places, the number 0.009 has three decimal places. Equivalent decimals Decimal numbers, which have the same value are called equivalent decimals. For example, 1,5 = 1,50 = 1.500 = 1.5000 1.8 = 1.80 = 1.800 = 1.8000 Note: Any number of zeros written at the end of a decimal number does not change its value. To write a whole number as a decimal number, place a decimal point after the digit in the ones place and add as many zeros as required. For example, i 45 = 45.0 = 45.00 = 45.000 ii. 108 = 108.0 = 108.00 = 108.000 Like decimals Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like decimals. For example, The decimal numbers 0.9, 1.7, 12.3 are like decimals. The decimal numbers 1.55, 91.02, 153.23 are like decimals. The decimal numbers 2.302, 34.017, 199.253 are like decimals. Unlike decimals Decimals having a different number of decimal places are called unlike decimals. For example, The decimal numbers 4.5, 6.72 and 81.902 are unlike decimals. Note: All the unlike decimals can be converted to like decimals by adding zeros to the right of ‘cimal point or by finding their equivalent decimal.~ 2 2 eaeaeeee_—t—‘ Conversion of unlike decimals to like decimals Consider the unlike decimal numbers 14,6 and 18.28. number of decimal places in 14.6 = 1 number of decimal places in 18.28 = 2 : To convert 14.6 and 18.28 to like decimals, add a zero after the last decimal place in 14.6. 14.6 = 14.60 Therefore, 14.60 and 18.28 are like decimals. Example 1: Convert the following unlike decimals to like decimals. 12.8, 14.16 and 19.278 Solution: The highest decimal place is 3. So, add zeros to the right of the decimal number to make all decimal places equal to 3. 12.8 = 12.800 14.16 = 14.160 19.278 = 19.278 Therefore, 12.800, 14.160 and 19.278 are like decimals. Ga 1. Which of the following pairs of decimals are like decimals? a. 1.29 and 0.02 b. 119.1 and 18.29 ¢. 102.009 and 102.89 d. 38.091 and 910.38 e. 100.001 and 10.001 f. 82.28 and 80.228 9. 45.9 and 67.80 h. 189.67 and 9.76 2. Convert the following unlike decimals to like decimals. a. 567.928, 93.7Qand 57.86 b. 472.758, 91.0%and 0.117 cc. 918.2°10.029 and 18.820 d. 1.73 64.003 and 737.600 e. 12.8 67.45 and 18.9.9 4 15.5()$6.87lhnd 73.876 ee ey—_ 8 conversion (fractions and decimals) conversion of decimals into fractions toconvert decimals to fractions, follow the steps given below. { First, remove the decimal point from the given number and write the number as the numerator. Count the number of decimal places and add the same number of 0 after 1 to write the denominator. simplify the fraction if possible. Example 1: Convert 0.7 to fraction. here is only one decimal place in 0. hus, 10 is the denominator. There are two decimal places in 0.45. Thus, 100 is the denominator. Simplify the fraction and write the fraction in its lowest form. 20 Solution: | Write 243 as the \numerator. | There are three decimal places in | 0.243, Thus, 1000 is the | denominator.Conversion of fractions into decimals To convert fractions with denominator 10 and multiples of 10 in the denominators to decimals, follow the steps given below. + First, count the number of zeros in the denominator. + The number of zeros gives the number of decimal places. + Write the numerator. + Place a decimal point by skipping as many digits fr denominator. com the right as the number of Zeros in the llustrative Examples 49 ‘ Example 1: Convert 3 toadecimal ! Example 2: Convert 55 to a decimal number. number. 7 Solution: 7 =0.7 ion: 4% = 0.49 io Solution: i00 1 zero 1 decimal place 2zeros 2 decimal places ! decimal places. Example 3: Convert 289 to adecimal! Example 4: Convert 27 ta decimal 1000 ‘ 1000 number. | number. ' Add a zero between Solution: 782 = 0,289 ' {the decimal point 1000 ' . 27 t 3 | Solution: 27 = Sand 27 to make 3 zeros 3 decimal places ae 0.027 ¢ 3 zeros 3 decimal places Example 5: Convert 12 22° to a decimal number. a a zero between the decimal point 9-2-1209 id 9 to make 2 decimal places. 100 2 zeros 2 decimal places @> go convert fractions with the denominators that are not equal to 10 or multiples of 40. . . ; convert the fraction to its equivalent fraction, which have 10, 100 or 1000 as the genominator. Ey mustrative Examples ‘ . a, || { example 1: Convert | Example 2: Convert 2 toa | Example 3: Convert 555 ~ toadecimal number, — decimal number. ! to a decimal number: 3.3.2.6 } 9436 | 47475 3.3.2.8. iso i ion: 47 - 47 2 solution: 55" 2” 10 ution: 35" 354-100 ae "300 200°5 -o6 =0,36 i - 25 on : Zz example 4: Convert 7 | Example 5: Convert 5 toa; Example 6: Convert ae toadecimal number. decimal number. | to. a decimal number. oe a7 125) : . ; _ 3 Solution: x : Solution: : 4= ol 3° 8°125 : in: ' Solution: wa 875 : i 19 _19*25 - 875 _ 997: i oe 1000 2 i 4 4x25 i ; 475 Note: : “00 "*7° + Fractions with denominators 2 or 5 can be converted to equivalent fractions with denominators equal to 10. Fractions with denominators 4, 5, 20, 25 or 50 can be converted to equivalent fractions with denominators equal to 100. Fractions with denominators 8, 125, 200, 250 or 500 can be converted to equivalent fractions with denominators equal to 1000. Cs 1. Convert each decimal to a fraction. 2 0.38 b. 0.41 «0.77 d. 0.01 e 0.02 f. 0.37 g. 0.74 h. 0.125 i 0.375 j. 0.875 k. 0.05 0.55 2. Convert each fraction to a decimal. 4 1 eo q 35 * 40 7 5 =] 20 it 2 11 9 5 & oe = ho 2 “3 £35 50 200 18 ; a2 «63 ise ps i 350 4 Stei ee ee St 14 Comparison of decimals To compare two decimal numbers, follow the steps given below. * Convert the given decimal numbers into like decimals. : mber + Compare the whole number parts, The decimal with the greater whole nu Part jg greater. i i ith: + If the whole number parts are equal, then compare the digits in the tenths place The decimal number with the greater digit is greater. eee + If the digits in the tenths place are equal, then compare the digits in the hundredths place The decimal number with the greater digit is greater. Cp iuustrotive examples 4 Example 1: Compare the following decimals. a. 2.35 and 3.29 b. 12.34 and 12.45 ¢. 112.39. and 112.3 d. 0.017 and 0.07 Solution: a. We can see that 2.35 and 3.29 are like decimals. But, the whole number parts are different. 2<3 . 2.35<3.29 b. We can see that 12.34 and 12.45 are like decimals and the whole number parts are equal. Compare the tenths digits. 3<4 12.34 < 12.45 c. We can see that 112.39 and 112.3 are unlike decimals. Converting them to like decimals, we get 112.39 and 112.30. The hundredths digits are different. 9>0 112.39 > 112.3 d. We can see that 0.017 and 0.07 are unlike decimals. Converting them to like decimals, we get 0.017 and 0.070 The hundredths digits are different. 1<7 — ..0.017<0.070 Ordering of decimals To order the given decimals, follow the steps given below. + Convert the unlike decimals to like decimals. + Compare the decimal numbers from left to right. «First, compare the whole number parts. «Then, compare the decimal parts, «If the digits are equal, move to the next place to the right and ¢ ‘OMpare th Keep on repeating until the digits are different. aewe cystathionine hy hit example 3! Order the following decimals in ascending and descending orders. a. 12.4, 2.9, 1.6, 8.01, 4.99 and 19.01 b. 0.05, 0.5, 0.005, 0.15, 0,015, 0.105, solution: Convert the unlike decimals to like decimals and compare the digits from the left to right a. 12.40, 2.90, 1.60, 8.01, 4.99, 19.01 Ascending order: 1.60 < 2.90 < 4.99 < 8.01 < 12.40 < 19.01 Descending order: 19.01 > 12.40 > 8.01 > 4.99 > 2.90 > 1.60 b. 0.050, 0.500, 0.005, 0.150, 0.015, 0.105 Ascending order: 0.005 < 0.015 < 0.050 < 0.105 < 0.150 < 0.500 Descending order: 0.500 > 0.150 > 0.105 > 0.050 > 0.015 > 0.005 C= 1. Compare the following decimals. a 7.3.and 7.31 b. 4.78 and 4.71 c. 5.94and 5.9 d. 0.71and 7.1 e. 6.23 and 0.623 f. 4.95 and 0.495 9. 9.43 and 0.943 h. 2.04 and 2.01 i. 0.997 and 9.97 i. 9,98 and 10 k. 9.79 and 0.979 |. 10.05 and 10.04 2. Arrange the following in the ascending order. @ 27,25, 2.441, 2.244 b. 7.7.7.5, 7.619, 7.106 © 0.72, 0.3, 0.83, 0.67 d. 0.534, 0.472, 0.46, 0.8 © 4.904, 4.2, 4.60, 4.357 f. 3.418, 3.6, 3.08, 3.970 Arrange the following in the descending order. % 0.4, 0.9, 0.46, 0.39 b. 4.764, 4.5, 4.2, 4.1 © 0.3, 0.073, 0.7, 0.172 d. 0.716, 0.5, 0.179, 0.9 ®& 2.7, 2.62, 2.9, 2.77 f. 0.587, 0.912, 0.06, 0.802§5 Addition and subtraction of decimals To add or subtract decimal numbers, follow the steps given below. | * Arrange the numbers vertically in such a way that the decimal point of both | # the numbers lie below each other. | a Place zeros and convert the decimals to like decimals. Add or subtract the numbers. Place the decimal point in the sum or difference just below the decimal point. CPitustratverxomples Example 1: Add the following decimals. 1 1 1 a. 97.97 +59.93 97 97 Solution: Arrange the numbers vertically in such a way that the decimal point of both the numbers lie below each other. —— = Now, find the sum as in the case of whole numbers. 15 7 90 1 b. 56 +18.019 5 6 o 00 Solution: Arrange the numbers vertically in suchawaythatthe , 4 Ao decimal point of both the numbers lie below each other. Place zeros to convert the unlike decimals to like decimals. Now,find u o19 the sum as in the case of whole numbers. 1 ¢. 4.007 +7.178 +8 4 OT Solution: Arrange the numbers vertically in such a way that the decimal point of the numbers lie below each other. Place zeros to. 7 17 8 convert the unlike decimals to like decimals. Now,find the sum as 8 0 00 in the case of whole numbers. 19.4 8 5 Example 2: Subtract the following. i a. 53.03 - 29.82 a . Solution: Arrange the numbers vertically in such a way that the decimal point of both the numbers lie below each other. Now, Ss as subtract as in the case of whole numbers. aT: 7 23 21ee -7.88 » 1 golution: Arrange the numbers vertically in such a way that the deci mal point of both the numbers lie below each other. Place zeros to convert the unlike decimals to like decimals. Now, subtract as in the case of whole numbers. example 3: Simplify. 25+7.6-3.7 14 9 ou ta 10 KS RB - 7 8 8 7 a2 Solution: Arrange the numbers vertically in such a way that the decimal point of both the numbers lie below each other. Add the numbers. Subtract 3.7 from 10.1. 1 2 5 o 9 un omg 6 KR N 10 1 3 7 6 4 1.2.5 +7.6-3.7 =6.4 1. Add. a 5.1441 b. 7447.9 d. 0.75+0.9 e. 0.97+0.5 9. 9.88 +7.213 h. 1.2443.277 i. 93.1 421.97 k, 18.77 + 44.22 m. 101.5 +93.81 n 947.9433 2 Subtract. a 0.4-0.2 b. 7.7-3.64 d. 24-19.199 e. 1,.22-0,122 9 29-10.02 h. 24.16 -17.1 J. 0.09 - 0.009 k. 10-9.09 ™. 78.09 - 7.089 n. 125.89 - 112.39 3. Simplify. a 1.14+2,3-1.2 b, 3.4412-24 4. 8.91-3.4+19 e 45-3+1.99 ee 0.521 + 0.22 26.78 + 63.76 15.4 + 13.111 5.44+4.7+2.3 7.39 -6.8 99.99 - 9.999 3.312 - 3.123 20- 19.009 273.2 - 102.73 6.7-1.3+2.3 0.9 - 0,03 + 0.05 @OEE Ee —EEEEy is Applications of decimals in real life length length ofa pencil © your weight —_ weight of fruits Measuring heigh, of a mat Where do you see or use decimals in everyday life? We use decimals when we deal with money weight, length, etc. @ —— Ranjani and Naina bought ice cream on their way to home from school. The cost of ice cream is 20 rupees 5 paise. Naina wrote it as 220.50. Ranjani wrote it as 220.05, Who is correct? b. _ Atailor measured a piece of cloth as 2 m 50 cm. Express this as a decimal and convert it to centimetre. ©. Nancy bought 2 kg 500 g of onions. Can we express these measurements using decimals! Use of decimals in money We know that 1 rupee = 100 paise. zhi of arupe 100 seed .01 rupee 1 paisa = 20.01 1 paisa 4 paise = 20.04 50 paise = 20.50 Example 1: 1 rupee 75 paise = 21 + 20,75 = 1,75, Example 2: 32 rupees 25 paise = %32 + 20.25 = 232.25 Example 3:5 rupees 50 paise = 25 + 20.50 = 25.50Use of decimals in measuring length 1km = 1,000 m 1 To00 k™ 1m = 0,001 km (3 decimal places) 3m = 0.003 km 14m =0.014 km im= 1m=100cm l lem= 75m 1cm = 0.01 m (2 decimal places) 9cm=0.09 m 65 cm = 0.65 m 1cm=10mm 1 1mm = 75 cm 1mm = 0.1 cm (1 decimal place) 5mm =0.5 cm 8mm =0.8.cm Example 10 km 204 m = 10 km + 204 m = 10km + 0.204 km = 10.204 km Example 7km 36 m=7km+36m = 7 km + 0.036 km = 7.036 km Example 3: 4kmSm=4km+5m = 4 km + 0.005 km = 4.005 km Example 4: 8m22cm=8m+ 22cm =8m+0.22m =8.22m Example 5: 23m 8cm=23m+8cm =23m+0.08m = 23.08m Example 6: 8m42cm=8m+ 42cm =8m+0.42m =8.42m Use of decimals in measuring weight 1kg = 1,000 g 1 tg 3” To00 k9 19 = 0.001 kg (3 decimal places) 6 9 = 0.006 kg (3 decimal places) 125 9 = 0.125 kg (3 decimal places) Example 7: 2cm6mm=2cm+6mm =2cm+0.6cm =2.6cm Example 8: 16 cm 2mm = 16 cm+2mm = 16 cm +0.2.cm =16.2cm Example 9: 25cm 9mm =25cm+9mm = 25cm +0.9cm =25.9cmE> ttustrotive Examples ap iat * Example 1: 67 kg 415 g = 67 kg + 415 9 = 67 kg + 0.415 kg = 67.415 kg Example 2: 76 kg 28 g = 76 kg + 28 g = 76 kg + 0.028 kg = 76.028 ka Example 3: 265 kg 9.9 = 265 kg + 9.9 = 265 kg + 0.009 kg = 265.009 kg Use of decimals in measuring capacity 1 litre = 1,000 mi Lr iml= Too litre 1 ml = 0.001 litre (3 decimal places) ee justrative Examples Example 1: 7 ml = 0.007 | (3 decimal places) Example 2: 91 ml = 0.091 | (3 decimal places) Example 3: 423 ml = 0.423 | (3 decimal places) We can also write in decimal as follows. Example 1:51.44 ml =51+ 44 ml=51+0.0441= 5.0441 Example 2: 356 | 23 ml = 356 | + 23 ml = 356 | + 0.023 |= 356.023 | Example 3: 241109 ml = 241+ 109 ml = 241+ 0.1091 = 24.109 I< ; Example 4: 15 | 30 ml = 15 | + 0.030 | = 15.0301 Example 5: 71700 ml = 71 +0.7001=7.7001= 7.71 Example 6: Lake Tanganyika is 1.47 km deep. Find the depth of Lake Baikal, whose depth is 0.172 km more than Lake Tanganyika. Solution: depth of Lake Tanganyika = 1.47 km 1 depth of Lake Baikal = 1.47 km + 0.172 km ou + 0 . Therefore, the depth of Lake Baikal is 1.642 km, ————2-_2__2_ 1 6 42 c 2.620example 7: Chitra has 2 packs of oats weighing 5.5 kg and 8.79 kg respectively. How many slograms of oats does she have? solution: weight of 1* pack = 5.5 kg weight of 2 pack = 8.79 kg total weight of oats = 5.5 kg + 8.79 kg alow nina wo loo Therefore, Chitra has 14.29 kg of oats. Example 8: John had 4.5 | of paint. He used some and had 2.67 | left. How much paint did he use? Solution: total quantity of paint = 4.5 | oe quantity of paint left = 2.67 | 3 ~ 10 quantity of paint used = 4.5 1 - 2.671 HR KBR Therefore, John used 1.83 | of paint. ela 6 7 1 8 3 | 1. Fillin the blanks. a. b. 498g=___ kg ic. 78 paise=%__ 4. e346 mi= 1 f 91em= m . h. 126 paise = % i. 556g= kg ie k. 706m=___ km 2. em = m m. 2kg650g=__kg n. 235 paise = %_ 0. 56km223m=___km p. 87cm9mm=__cm gq. 471332 ml=__| r. 211m83cm=__m t. 100kg750g=__kg u. 91cem9mm=__cm v. w. 11kg11g=__kg x. 259km 700 m=__km Express the following in decimals. a. Anish weighs 35 kg 56 g. How many kilograms does he weigh? b. The length of a pen is 16 cm. How long is the pen in metres? Arace track is 200 m 75 cm. What is its length in metres? Ss. 90 paise = %__ 981639 ml=__I 2 d. Hitha used 2 | 67 ml of milk to make a sweet dish. How many litres of milk did she use? Disha paid 345 rupees 75 paise for a sweater. Express the amount in rupees.ee eS EE t~«te Solve the following word problems. a. Hema had 2130.50. She bought some juice for 296.25. How much money is left with her? b. Kevin wanted to watch a movie on Sunday. The price of the ticket is 350. He paid 2120.55 for the cab. How much money did he spend in all? ¢. Francis bought a gift. He gave 22,000 note to the shopkeeper and the shopkeeper returned 21,513.50. What is the cost of the gift? d. The weight of a cow was 268.99 kg. After 3 years, its weight increased by 198.5 kg. Find the present weight of the cow. e. Minnie is baking a cake and a brownie. The recipes require milk in the following amounts: 0.250 ml and 0.340 ml respectively. How much milk does she need in all? f. Navya had a rope of length 76.45 m. She cut the rope into 2 pieces. If the length of one piece was 54.25 m, what was the length of the other piece? g. A tailor used 2.31 m of cloth to make a shirt and 2.505 m to make a pair of trousers. What is the total length of cloth used by the tailor? h. The capacity of a water tank is 578.89 |. It is filled with 234,89 | of water. How much more water should be used to fill the tank completely? ‘Ananya mixed 80 ml of fruit essence in 3 | and 500 ml of juice Find the total quantity of the mixture. .to understand the concept of the addition of decimals. Materials required: pen and paper Preparation: The menu for a restaurant is given below. Use the menu to choose food items for the family and then answer the following. 4. Write the item and its price on the receipt provided b. Find the total amount for the bill. Menu “AG Appetizers _ Garlic Bread 8125.50 Cheese Poppers. 110.25 Cheese Sticks .... se 95.45 CRE S > Cottage Cheese Salad .. 8135.65 Green Mix Salad oes. SUIS.IS x Pizza Mushroom Pizza... 250.50 Pepperoni Pizza et 0990 50) Cheese Pizza 8305.35 xG Desserts > Cl 8130.50 CxG B eS fd Teed Tea ... 65.55 Soft Drink seven 59.50 Bottled Water 40.25 “Tr ae BILL RECEIPT " FTEMS ORDERED PRICE PERITEMES eS ‘ / eo ae Oy, Tanya gets %856 and 90 paise from her mother for shopping. She one 3526.58 5, groceries and 2198.68 for buying vegetables. She returns the amount. ‘0 her mothep, (i) Find the amount Tanya's mother gets back. (ii) What value does Tanya depict? @] Logical Reasoning 1. Which of these numbers is the greatest? a. 26.08 b. 2.68 c. 26.80 d. 26.78 2. What is the difference between the greatest and the smallest decimals? 0.03, 0.013, 1.03, 0.33, 1.33 3. Raman is a tailor. He uses leftover pieces of cloth of lengths 3.25 m and 1.7 m to stitch a skirt for his employee's daughter. a. Find the total length of the cloth used by Raman to stitch the skirt. b. Discuss the smart use of waste products. @mm + The decimal fractions that have 10, 100 and 1,000 as denominators are called tenth: hundredths and thousandths respectively. + The dot between the ones place and the tenths place represents the decimal point. + Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like decimals, + Writing of zeros at the end of a decimal number doesn’t change its value. + Two decimal numbers can be compared by first comparing the whole number part. If whole parts are equal, then the digits in the tenths place can be compared and so on. + Every decimal can be written as a fraction. + Decimals are used in our day-to-day lives. It is mainly used in the transaction of mone) measurement of length,weight and capacity, «Adding or subtracting decimals is same as adding or subtracting whole numbers. But: need to arrange them vertically such that the decimal point of both the numbers lie be" each other. Two unlike decimals are added or subtracted by converting them to like decimals and‘ arranging them vertically in such a way that the decimal point of bse ie be ‘h the numbers lie be each other. dg10, @ Revision Exercise & _ : — _ Nikki's height is 167 cm. What is her height in metres? Manish drove 15.4 km, 24.22 km and 10.401 km in 3 days. How many kilometres did he drive during all the 3 days? ‘ Swetha and Sanjay calculated the amount of water consumed by each of them in a day for various activities. Express the given measurements in decimals. Compare and find who consumes less water in a day. Swetha Decimals |>, -219 32.20] | bathing: 321201 ml aie drinking: 3 1500 ml 3.500 3.465) drinking: 31450ml washing hands: washinghands:; | wen |.450 < 1. Se 11540 ml washing uniform: ee washing uniform: 61750 ml 6.*60| < 6. 61765 ml Subtract three point seven from twelve point four one. Arrange from the smallest to the greatest. 1.012, 1.02, 1.001, 10.12 and 1.12 Find the perimeter of the given figure. 3.5m B & Ke ey 3 2.6m iS pel r Ite ———— "5 6.1m | 4 Item Cost Use the table to answer the given questions. cold drink _ a. Find the total cost of a cold drink and a sandwich. b. Find the cost of a burger, cold coffee and a sandwich. | Sandwich ¢. Find the total cost of all the items. __burger | cold coffee Given below are the heights of 5 students in metres. Arrange the heights from the tallest to the shortest. 1.22 m, 1.41 m, 1.48 m, 1.38 m, 1.29 m. Ritu weighs 2.5 kg more than her brother. If Ritu’s weight is 60.5 kg, what is her brother's weight? Elisa bought groceries worth %5506.05. She had a coupon discount of 3570.50. How much did she pay for the groceries?OO ——_ ae -_ E4) Review Worksheet Choose the correct option. 1 What decimal represents the shaded part? | | | [ | a. 0.10 b. 0.25 0.40 d. 0.75 2. Which of the following is the smallest? a. 1.10 we 1.001 ce. 1.011 d 1.11 3. Antony jogged six point two five kilometres. Which number represents the distance Antony jogged? a. 0.625 km b. 6.025 km eae km d. 62.5km 4. Write 234 rupees 25 paise as a decimal. a, %234.025 —b.--%23.425 c. 8234208 a 2234.25 5. The length of the alligator in decimal is a. 421m 42.1m m ———— X 4.201 m WL 4.021 m a © 6 6. The sum of 5.6 and 6.5 is tal a 121" 87 12.1 © 0.121 do 11 7. 9.9-9.09= a. 18.09 b. 18.9 c. 18,99 A 0.81 8 lm=__ WX O.1km 0.01 km © 0.001km = d. 001m 9. Skg5q= 5.5 kg b. 5.05kg c. 5.55kg d. 5.005 kg 10, Thevalueof0.25is____ 4 a 2 4 b 2 1 a 0 4 25 ce3 , DATA HANDLING vy Most lions "are found in’ Africa.‘ But, population of lions can be found in the Gir forest, Lion population 200 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year The graph shows the population of lions in the Gir forest. What is the increase in the population of lions from 2015 to 2020? We will learn to solve such questions in this chapter.Se ei ee” ET In this chapter, the students will be able to: organise data in a tabular form. represent data using tally marks. + interpret data. interpret a pictograph. represent data using a pictograph. + interpret a bar graph. + represent data using a bar graph. . aon We come across information in the form of tables, numbers and graphs in our daily lives. We get such information from newspapers, magazines or television. Sometimes, we may have ty interpret such information to know more about it. Observe the newspaper article given beloy THE ROAR IS BACK Tiger Population The tiger population has been India 2260 (<°"S'stently increasing Russia 433, since 2006. Indonesia ME 371 Malaysia 250 Nepal mm 198 Thailand mmm189 Bangladesh m—j106 Bhutan 103 eerie 2,226 China 7 Karnataka has the highest Vietnam 95 number of tigers (406) followed Laos 12 by 340 in Uttarakhand, 308 in MP, 229 in Tamil Nadu, 190in ; Maharashtra, 167 in Assam, survey data is available, this figure has not been included. |136 in Kerala and 117 in UP. Myanmar had 85 tigers in 2010. However, as no recent (Source: Global Wild Tiger Status - April, 2016) ( Source: The Times of india https:/timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ ) We can see information about the tiger population in terms information about the tiger population of India in the comparison of the tiger population of India with other c Information in the form of numbers is known as data, of numbers. The article years 2006, 2010 and 2014 and countries, ———— ens Z> yi Recording and organising data recording data adata is collected by interviews, questionnaires, etc, class voted to elect the class monitor. There were 3 candidates: Ananya, Raunak and Sneha. Ananya Raunak Raunak | —_-Raunak Sneha Raunak _ Sneha | __ Sneha | Sneha Ananya Sneha_ Ananya | Raunak Sneha Raunak __ Ananya __ Sneha Ananya ___ Raunak_ Raunak _ __Sneha Raunak Sneha__|__‘Sneha Sneha ___Ananya Sneha Raunak Ananya Ananya The number of votes each candidate got needs to be found to determine who won the election. The information needs to be put in a tabular form numerically. Organising data The information collected initially is called raw data. Each numerical entry is called an observation. The information can be grouped and recorded using tally marks. Tally marks representations for the numbers 1 to 5 are given below. Three Four Tally marks Number of votes Ht Il ait it 8 10 12Example 1: The favourite musical instruments of 20 people are given- guitar | guitar piano violin 7 | ‘ piano violin guitar piano |___guitar violin | guitar piano guitar | violin guitar guitar violin piano This can be arranged in a table using tally marks. - E Instruments Tally marks 5 Number £. lin at | | 6 | biane Ht | ; , | 3 | woe HIN | Cas 1. Asurvey was conducted among 35 students in a class to find the number of siblings the <& have. Given below is the recorded data. Arrange the data using tally marks. / g w mime lo |e © |e |p |e w [ro fe | [ro ole ln lo vIn lo |w |e BF Ih |o |e lo 2. Given below is the data of the ages of 80 children collected at @ carnival. Arrange the data using tally marks. 5 10 8 5 6 | wl] 2] 35 1 $j 10 | 4 foi 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 8 7 | 8 4jejtat|y7 s [2/3 |3 1 10 10 8 4 1 5. 9 08 8 2 2s iz 8 ’ ae a 3 | 6 | 9 LUy f . the grades of 20 students are given below. Arrange the data using tally marks. LA = B B Cc Sa A c A | B a c A | | | - fe B oI | A - cum A | A el ! a Find the number of students who got A grade. b. Find the number of students who. got C grade. c Find the number of students who got B grade. 4, Tomand Jeff collected the data of numbers appearing on the dice by throwing the dice 20 times. = ; = - ; 5 _§& 5 1 5 4 3 3 1 3 2 wi) os5 2 17 3 6 6 2\ 4 5 Arrange the data using tally marks and find which number appeared the most. 5. The following tally chart shows the number of patients who visited a doctor during 5 days of a particular week. Use the information to answer the following questions. - - Day Tally marks | monday Hit AH HE HAT HAT Tuesday 4H 4H Wednesday Ht 4 Ant HH We : [thay HEC HIT 4H Ht HHT A HK II vate Ht HAT TH 4 I hospital on Friday? | Friday How many patients visited the Which was the busiest day at the hospital? How many fewer patients visited on Wednesday than on Thursday? How many more patients visited on Thursday than Tuesday? How many patients visited the hospital from Monday to Friday? isited the hospital between Mondaytand Friday? moans How many patients v' a d - * @)Se aS ee oo “i students ji 6. The given tally chart gives the data of the favourite sports of the students in Grades Use the information to answer the following question®: enn tran ara eT a ertekee HEC HT UH Ht AR AIT AH IHL volleyball tt Hit 4Hf 4H ll [shea dH HHT tT A HT | badminton Hf Ht HH ME How many students like volleyball? Find the total number of students who like cricket and football. Which game is the least liked by the students? Which game is liked more by the students: throwball or volleyball? How many students were surveyed in all? panos 22 Pictograph A pictograph is the simplest way of representing data by using images. Interpreting a pictograph Example 1: The number of books of different genres in a public library is represented us? the pictograph given below. Books Key: la 100 books - as fiction ae - biographies aia a |Or Here, each la equals 100 books. We can deduce the following from the pictograph given above. number of non-fiction books = ja aii ja = 5 * 100 = 500 books | number of fiction books = ai ia = 3 « 100 = 300 books number of biographies = ja a = 2 « 100 = 200 books number of reference books = rrr a = 4 x 100 = 400 books Example 2: The pictograph given below shows the data of the different flavours of ice cream sold at a carnival. — ss Flavour Key: %- 50 ice cream eee VOT FN we woes | WOON ser WOOF Here, Gove 50 ice cream and ecu half of 50 that is 25 ice creams. number of chocolate ice creams sold = (5 x 50) + 25 = 250 + 25 = 275, number of vanilla ice cream sold = 3 x 50 = 150 number of strawberry ice cream sold = (4 x 50) + 25 = 200 + 25 = 225 number of blueberry ice cream sold = 4 x 50 = 200ooo ee eS SE Example 3: Observe the pictograph and answer the following eae jects The pictograph gives the data of time spent on homework for different subjects in a weg, Subject English Maths Science Social Studies a. What does represent? b, How much more time is spent on Maths homework than on Science homework? c. On which subject is the least time spent? Find the time spent. Solution: é = half of 1 hour = 30 minutes b. time spent on Maths homework = (5 x 1) hours + 30 minutes = time spent on Science homework = (4 « 1) hours = 5 hours 30 minutes 4 hours time spent more on Maths homework = tine spent on Maths homework ~ time spent on Science homework ; = Shours 30 minutes - 4 hours = 1 hour 30 minutes c. Social Studies = 2 hours 30 minutes Example 4: Observe the given data on the production of cars in a factory on the different days of a week and represent it using a pictograph, Days Monday Tuesday | Wednesday Thursday Friday production of cars 80 160 uo J {oo an A> ceitio™! pay | Key: ego = 20 cars | Monday Se ES ES cS ES eT S~ tucsdoy | AES Ae AEGs AEG> AES wednesday | <= AS ote oS Thursday S222 —S Friday EB AL A AE AED AE A _| Example 5: The number of students travelling in 5 school buses are given below. Represent the given information using a pictograph. Buses _ Bus 1 _Bus2__| __Bus3 Bus4 | BusS number of | 35 25 20 | 30 20 __ students: | — - Solution: | ®Objective: to collect, organise and analyse data. Procedure: Divide the class into groups of 4 each. Each group will collect different data. Define the data to be collected. (Any topic can be chosen.) Organise the data using tally marks and pictograph on a chart paper. Analyse the data and present it in the class. k= 1. The population of a place during a span of 5 years is given in the table below. Represent the data using a pictograph. ___ Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 } |__20 Population | 300000 | 600000 | 900000 | 1200000 1500000 __ 2. The sale of books for a week is given below. Represent the data using a pictograph. Day Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday |Thursday| Friday | Saturday | Sunday | Number of books 240 | 720 480 600 840 | 360 720 3. The number of people travelling by metro per day is given : below. Represent the data using a pictograph and answer the questions given below. Day __| Monday | Tuesday Thursday | __ Friday. “Number of | 549 | people 3000 3500 3000 a. Onwhich day more people travelled by the metro? b. How many more people travelled by the metro on Thursday than on Wednesday? ‘ind the total . umber of people who took the metro on these § days. a d, _ Onwhich day least number of people travelled by the metro?observe the pictograph given below and answer the following questions. " Rey w = 10 babies January | IW E February | vow wow « wach WDOVVOWu" April eo Ss oo eo 7 POVOOE Month a. _ How many babies were born in February? b. How many babies were born in April and May together? ¢. How many less babies were born in April than in March? d. __Inwhich month was the maximum number of babies born? e. _ Inwhich month was the least number of babies born? 5. The following is the result of a survey conducted among students to find out the most popular animal. Observe the pictograph and answer the following questions. Animal | Key: r = 8 students omae ORE ton ERA - giraffe at (oeeeeeeenae | sete A 9. How many students participat ed in the survey? b. How many students like the zebra? © How many students like the panda? 4. Which is the most liked animal? © How many more students liked the zebra than the panda?