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French Revolution Class IX Notes

The French Revolution began in 1789, ending absolute monarchy and establishing democracy in France, while highlighting social inequalities among the three estates. Key events included the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, and the execution of King Louis XVI, leading to significant societal changes and the rise of nationalism. Influential figures included Louis XVI, Robespierre, and Enlightenment thinkers, with the revolution inspiring movements in other countries.

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134 views2 pages

French Revolution Class IX Notes

The French Revolution began in 1789, ending absolute monarchy and establishing democracy in France, while highlighting social inequalities among the three estates. Key events included the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, and the execution of King Louis XVI, leading to significant societal changes and the rise of nationalism. Influential figures included Louis XVI, Robespierre, and Enlightenment thinkers, with the revolution inspiring movements in other countries.

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sidhutalk2348
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The French Revolution - Class IX Notes

1. Introduction

French Revolution started in 1789. Brought end to absolute monarchy and rise of democracy in France. Led

to the rise of the modern nation-state.

2. French Society in the 18th Century

The Three Estates:

1. First Estate - Clergy (privileged, no taxes)

2. Second Estate - Nobility (privileged, no taxes)

3. Third Estate - Common people (paid all taxes): Peasants, Workers, Bourgeoisie

Taxes:

- Tithe: Tax to the Church

- Taille: Tax to the state

3. Causes of the Revolution

- Social inequality: Unequal privileges to First and Second Estates

- Economic hardship: High taxes, bad harvests, rising bread prices

- Political cause: Absolute monarchy under Louis XVI

- Philosophical ideas: Enlightenment thinkers like Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu

- Immediate trigger: King called Estates-General in 1789 to raise taxes

4. Major Events of the Revolution

- May 1789: Estates-General meeting at Versailles

- June 1789: Third Estate forms National Assembly

- 14 July 1789: Storming of the Bastille

- 1791: France becomes a constitutional monarchy

- 1792: France becomes a republic

- 1793: King Louis XVI executed

- 1793-1794: Reign of Terror led by Robespierre


The French Revolution - Class IX Notes

- 1794: Robespierre executed

- 1799: Napoleon Bonaparte comes to power

5. Effects of the Revolution

- End of monarchy and feudal privileges

- Rise of equality, liberty, and fraternity

- Inspiration to other countries (e.g., Haiti, Latin America)

- Growth of nationalism

6. Important People

- Louis XVI: King of France during the revolution

- Marie Antoinette: Queen, unpopular due to extravagance

- Robespierre: Leader during Reign of Terror

- Napoleon Bonaparte: Took power after the revolution

- Philosophers: Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu

7. Key Terms

Bastille - Prison stormed on 14 July 1789

Guillotine - Machine for executing people

Tithe - Church tax paid by peasants

Taille - Direct tax to the state

Reign of Terror - Period of mass executions (1793-94)

Directory - 5-member executive after Robespierre

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