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French Revolution Notes Class9

The French Revolution, which lasted from 1789 to 1799, marked the end of monarchy and the rise of democracy in France, driven by social, economic, and political causes. Key events included the storming of the Bastille, the execution of Louis XVI, and the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. The revolution's legacy includes the spread of democratic ideals and the abolition of feudal privileges.

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9 views1 page

French Revolution Notes Class9

The French Revolution, which lasted from 1789 to 1799, marked the end of monarchy and the rise of democracy in France, driven by social, economic, and political causes. Key events included the storming of the Bastille, the execution of Louis XVI, and the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. The revolution's legacy includes the spread of democratic ideals and the abolition of feudal privileges.

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Class 9 History - Chapter: The French Revolution

1. Introduction:
- The French Revolution began in 1789 and ended with the rise of Napoleon in 1799.
- It led to the end of monarchy and rise of democracy in France.

2. Causes of the Revolution:


A. Social Causes:
- French society was divided into three estates:
1st Estate: Clergy (privileged)
2nd Estate: Nobility (privileged)
3rd Estate: Common people (bourgeoisie, workers, peasants; paid all taxes)

B. Economic Causes:
- France was in deep debt due to wars and lavish spending by kings.
- Poor harvests led to food scarcity and rise in prices.

C. Political Causes:
- Absolute monarchy under Louis XVI; no rights for common people.
- Enlightenment ideas (equality, liberty, fraternity) inspired people.

D. Immediate Cause:
- Financial crisis and summoning of the Estates General in 1789.

3. Important Events:
- 5 May 1789: Estates General meeting called.
- 20 June 1789: Tennis Court Oath by the Third Estate (National Assembly).
- 14 July 1789: Storming of the Bastille (symbol of royal tyranny).
- August 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
- 1791: New constitution limiting the powers of the king.
- 1792: Monarchy abolished; France became a republic.
- 1793: King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette executed.
- 1793–1794: Reign of Terror under Robespierre.
- 1795: Fall of Robespierre and rise of the Directory.
- 1799: Napoleon Bonaparte took power in a coup.

4. Important People:
- Louis XVI: King of France during revolution.
- Marie Antoinette: Queen of France.
- Maximilien Robespierre: Leader of Jacobins; led Reign of Terror.
- Jean-Paul Marat, Georges Danton: Revolutionary leaders.

5. Role of Women:
- Actively participated in clubs, protests, and political activities.
- Demanded equal rights (Olympe de Gouges wrote Declaration of Rights of Woman).

6. Legacy of the Revolution:


- Spread ideas of democracy and nationalism.
- Inspired revolutions across the world.
- Ended feudal privileges and absolute monarchy in France.

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