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Basic Math1

Chapter One covers the basic laws of natural numbers, including closure, commutative, associative, and distributive laws for both addition and multiplication. It also outlines the basic laws of equality, properties of inequalities, and important algebraic properties such as laws of exponents and properties of radicals. The chapter serves as a foundational overview of algebraic principles and operations.

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54 views4 pages

Basic Math1

Chapter One covers the basic laws of natural numbers, including closure, commutative, associative, and distributive laws for both addition and multiplication. It also outlines the basic laws of equality, properties of inequalities, and important algebraic properties such as laws of exponents and properties of radicals. The chapter serves as a foundational overview of algebraic principles and operations.

Uploaded by

bjernloana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter One: Algebra

Basic Law of Natural Numbers

Let a, b, and c be any number.

1. Law of Closure for Addition


a+b

2. Commutative Law for Addition


a+b = b+a

3. Associative Law for Addition


a+(b+c) = (a+b)+c

4. Law of Closure for Multiplication


a×b

5. Commutative Law for Multiplication


a×b = b×a

6. Associative Law of Multiplication


a ( bc ) = ( ab ) c

7. Distributive Law
a ( b + c ) = ab + ac
Basic Laws of Equality

1. Reflexive Property
a = a

2. Symmetric Property
If a = b, then b = a

3. Transitive Property
If a = b and b = c, then a = c. That is, things
equal to the same thing are equal to each
other.

4. If a = b and c = d, then a + c = b + d.
That is, if equals are added to the equals, the
results are equal.

5. If a = b and c = d, then ac = bd. That is,


if equals are multiplied to the equals, the
results are equal.

Inequality

A statement that one quantity is greater than or less


than another quantity.

Symbols used in inequality:


a is greater than b
a > b
a is less than b
a < b
a is less than or equal to b
a ” b
a is greater than or equal to b
D•E

Theorems of Inequalities

1. a > b if and only if -a < -b


2. If a > 0 , then -a < 0
3. If -a < 0 , then a < 0
4. If a > b , c < 0 , then ac < bc
5. If a > b ,c > d , then ( a + c ) > ( b + d )
6. If a > b , c > d , and a, b, c, d > 0, then
ac > bd
1 1
7. If a > 0 , b > 0, a > b, then <
a b

Other Important Properties in Algebra

1. a ×0=0
2. If a × b = 0, then either a = 0 or b = 0 or both
a and b are zero.
0
3. = 0 if a = 0
a
a
4. = undefined
0
a
5. =0
’
Laws of Exponents (Index Law)

1. an = a × a × a ‫( ڮ‬n factors)
2. am × a n = am + n
am
3. = am - n
an
n
4. ( am ) = am × n
5. ( abc )n = an  bn Âcn
a n an
6. ( ) =
b bn
m
n
7. a n = ξam
1 1
8. a-m = and am =
am a-m
9. a0 = 1
10. If am = an WKHQP QSURYLGHGD

Properties of Radicals

1
n
1. an = ξa
m m
n n
2. a n = ξam = ൫ ξa൯
n n
3. ൫ ξa൯ = a
n n n
4. ξa × ξb = ξab
n
ξa n a
5. n = ට SURYLGHGWKDWE
ξb b

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